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The list immediately influenced the publication patterns of Chinese researchers. A year later, on 31st December 2021, CAS released a revised and reduced list of 35 questionable journals and said the publishers in the meantime had reacted constructively and improved the procedures of their journals. This study aims to provide an understanding of the motivations and criteria behind the list, partly by reviewing Chinese policy documents and public debates, partly with a quantitative analysis to detect the relative importance of the criteria used to select the journals for the list.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/leap.1456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T04:56:24Z","timestamp":1652158584000},"page":"467-480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The motivations and criteria behind China's list of questionable journals"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0526-9677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Science, Technology &amp; Education Assessment (CSTEA), School of Information Management Wuhan University  Wuhan Hubei Province China"},{"name":"Center for Studies of Information Resources, School of Information Management Wuhan University  Wuhan Hubei Province China"},{"name":"Centre for R&amp;D Monitoring (ECOOM) and Department MSI  Leuven Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6593-9858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yahui","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Science, Technology &amp; Education Assessment (CSTEA), School of Information Management Wuhan University  Wuhan Hubei Province China"},{"name":"Center for Studies of Information Resources, School of Information Management Wuhan University  Wuhan Hubei Province China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1020-3189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gunnar","family":"Sivertsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nordic Institute for Studies in Innovation, Research and Education  Oslo Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0115-4581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Science, Technology &amp; Education Assessment (CSTEA), School of Information Management Wuhan University  Wuhan Hubei Province China"},{"name":"Center for Studies of Information Resources, School of Information Management Wuhan University  Wuhan Hubei Province China"},{"name":"Centre for R&amp;D Monitoring (ECOOM) and Department MSI  Leuven Belgium"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","article-title":"Why Beall's list died\u2014And what it left unresolved about open access","author":"Basken P.","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Chronicle of Higher Education"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0266666915601421"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"DORA. (2013).The Declaration on Research Assessment.https:\/\/sfdora.org\/about-dora\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"European Commission. (2020).Transport Research and Innovation in Horizon 2020.https:\/\/transport.ec.europa.eu\/transport\u2010themes\/research\u2010and\u2010innovation\/transport\u2010research\u2010and\u2010innovation\u2010horizon\u20102020_en"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/leap.1230"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/520429a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/leap.1377"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"MDPI. (2021).Statement on the release of the \u2018International Journal Early Warning List (Trial)\u2019 by the Chinese Academy of Sciences.https:\/\/mdpi.cn\/announcements\/284"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2016.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Education. (2020).Regarding the use of relevant indicators of SCI papers in colleges and universities to establish a correct evaluation orientation.www.moe.gov.cn\/srcsite\/A16\/moe_784\/202002\/t20200223_423334.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Science and Technology. (2020).Measures to Eliminate the Bad Orientation of \u2018Paper Only\u2019 in Scientific and Technological Evaluation (Trial).www.most.gov.cn\/xxgk\/xinxifenlei\/fdzdgknr\/fgzc\/gfxwj\/gfxwj2020\/202002\/t20200223_151781.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"National Science Library of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. (2022a).Early warning journal list.https:\/\/earlywarning.fenqubiao.com"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","unstructured":"National Science Library of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. (2022b).Questions and answers about the early warning journal list.https:\/\/earlywarning.fenqubiao.com\/#\/zh-cn\/QA"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"Petrou C.(2020).MDPI's remarkable growth. The scholary kitchen.https:\/\/scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org\/2020\/08\/10\/guest\u2010post\u2010mdpis\u2010remarkable\u2010growth\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","article-title":"An early look at the impact of the Chinese Academy of Sciences journals warning list","author":"Petrou C.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scholarly Kitchen"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"Retraction Watch. (2017).A new record: Major publisher retracting more than 100 studies from cancer journal over fake peer reviews.https:\/\/retractionwatch.com\/category\/by-journal\/tumor-biology\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2017.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","unstructured":"State Council of the People's Republic of China. (2018).Several opinions on further strengthening the construction of scientific research integrity.www.gov.cn\/zhengce\/2018-05\/30\/content_5294886.htm"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29024\/sar.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","unstructured":"Zhihu. 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