{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T11:28:21Z","timestamp":1725622101779},"publisher-location":"New York, NY, USA","reference-count":31,"publisher":"ACM","content-domain":{"domain":["dl.acm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,5]]},"DOI":"10.1145\/112646.112649","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,3]],"date-time":"2004-02-03T12:23:37Z","timestamp":1075811017000},"page":"21-30","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1145\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Case-based reasoning and the deep structure approach to knowledge representation"],"prefix":"10.1145","author":[{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Kowalski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tollrurst, Druce & Emmerson, Solicitors and The University of Melbourne, Law School"}]}],"member":"320","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,5]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"International Conference on Expert Systems in Lay\/' Bologna","year":"1990","author":"McCa L.","key":"e_1_3_2_1_1_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su ~kind Richard E. \"Expert Systems in Law:. A Juri~rudential Approach to Artificial Intelligence and Legal Reasoning\" 0986) 49 Modern Law Review 168.  Su ~kind Richard E. \"Expert Systems in Law:. A Juri~rudential Approach to Artificial Intelligence and Legal Reasoning\" 0986) 49 Modern Law Review 168.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2230.1986.tb01683.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_3_2","unstructured":"By \"purelg rule-based system\" I mean a non-CBR system. I use the terms \"purely rule-based system\" and \"CBR system\" pnmarilyto distinguish between the earlier rule-based non-CBR legal expert Systems and later CBR legal expert systems. This terminology may not be entirely accurate because it is arguable that all legal systems to date whether CBR or otherwise are rule-based in one way or another.  By \"purelg rule-based system\" I mean a non-CBR system. I use the terms \"purely rule-based system\" and \"CBR system\" pnmarilyto distinguish between the earlier rule-based non-CBR legal expert Systems and later CBR legal expert systems. This terminology may not be entirely accurate because it is arguable that all legal systems to date whether CBR or otherwise are rule-based in one way or another."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_4_2","unstructured":"Copyright ~ 1989- 1991 by Andrzej Kowalsld. All rights reserved.  Copyright ~ 1989- 1991 by Andrzej Kowalsld. All rights reserved."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_5_2","unstructured":"A product of IntelligenceWare inc. 9800 s. Sepulveda Bl0d. Los Angeles CA which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590  which retails for about $590 RAM and at least 1 megabyte of extended memory.  A product of IntelligenceWare inc. 9800 s. Sepulveda Bl0d. Los Angeles CA which retails for about $590 USD. The stand-alone version of the MPC occupies about 2.5 megabytes of disk space including cases it runs on a 286 or 386 IBM PC (or compatible) with a hard disk drive 640K RAM and at least 1 megabyte of extended memory."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_6_2","unstructured":"A product of Ashton-Tate Corporation.  A product of Ashton-Tate Corporation."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_7_2","unstructured":"Many of the cases are in full text and were retrieved and stored with the kind permission of QL Systems Limited.  Many of the cases are in full text and were retrieved and stored with the kind permission of QL Systems Limited."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_8_2","first-page":"84","volume-title":"1st International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law\"","author":"Smith J.C.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_9_2","unstructured":"Deedman Cal 'Exposing Some Myths About Law and Dispelling Some Myths About Computers.\" Unpublished.  Deedman Cal 'Exposing Some Myths About Law and Dispelling Some Myths About Computers.\" Unpublished."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_10_2","unstructured":"For an interesting description of how law students studyin$ torts are taught to \"flip\" legal arguments see  Boyle James \"Anatomy of a Torts Class\" (1985) 34  For an interesting description of how law students studyin$ torts are taught to \"flip\" legal arguments see Boyle James \"Anatomy of a Torts Class\" (1985) 34"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_11_2","unstructured":"American University Law Review 131 American University Law Review 131"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_12_2","unstructured":"Deedman supra note 9. e.g. q~e Nervous Shock Advisor' by Professor J.C. Smith and Cal Deedman and q\"he Hearsay Rule Advisor' by Professor M.T. MacCrimmon and Susan Blackman The University of British Columbia Faculty of Law.  Deedman supra note 9. e.g. q~e Nervous Shock Advisor' by Professor J.C. Smith and Cal Deedman and q\"he Hearsay Rule Advisor' by Professor M.T. MacCrimmon and Susan Blackman The University of British Columbia Faculty of Law."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/74014.74021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_14_2","unstructured":"It was Cal Deedman's idea to represent case law as a' cuboid and Dorota Gertig prepared the sketches.  It was Cal Deedman's idea to represent case law as a' cuboid and Dorota Gertig prepared the sketches."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_15_2","unstructured":"This system was developed in conjunction with A.I. and law personnel at The University of British Columbia This system was developed in conjunction with A.I. and law personnel at The University of British Columbia"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_16_2","unstructured":"Faculty of Law. Although a difficult factor to account for computationally the reader will note that the date of the decision is also used in the weighing formula to a limited extent.  Faculty of Law. Although a difficult factor to account for computationally the reader will note that the date of the decision is also used in the weighing formula to a limited extent."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_17_2","unstructured":"The user may choose from: the Australian states or territories the Canadian provinces or territories New Zealand and England.  The user may choose from: the Australian states or territories the Canadian provinces or territories New Zealand and England."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_18_2","unstructured":"Savile v Roberts (1698) 1 Ld Raym. 374; 91 E. tL 1147.  Savile v Roberts (1698) 1 Ld Raym. 374; 91 E. tL 1147."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_19_2","unstructured":"Wiffen v Bailey & Romford U.D.C. {1915} 1 K.B. 600. For another limited exception see Coleman v Buckingham's Ltd {1964} N.S.W.R. 363.  Wiffen v Bailey & Romford U.D.C. {1915} 1 K.B. 600. For another limited exception see Coleman v Buckingham's Ltd {1964} N.S.W.R. 363."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_20_2","unstructured":"See  Fleming J.G ~l-'he Law of Torts' 7th ed. 1987 p. 581; p. 581; p. 581; p. 581; W.H.V. \"Winfield & \"Winfield & \"Winfield & \"Winfield & TortTM 13th. ed. 1989 p. 552.  See Fleming J.G ~l-'he Law of Torts' 7th ed. 1987 p. 581; Rogers W.H.V. \"Winfield & Jolowicz on TortTM 13th. ed. 1989 p. 552."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_21_2","unstructured":"Jervois Sulphates Ltd v Petrocarb (197_4)5 A.L.R. 1; Stoffrnan v Ontario Veterinary Assn. {1990} O.J. No. 1151 Action No. 542\/85 Unreported (Ont. H.C.).  Jervois Sulphates Ltd v Petrocarb (197_4)5 A.L.R. 1; Stoffrnan v Ontario Veterinary Assn. {1990} O.J. No. 1151 Action No. 542\/85 Unreported (Ont. H.C.)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_22_2","unstructured":"Winfield 8: Jolowicz supra note 20 1:). 547.  Winfield 8: Jolowicz supra note 20 1:). 547."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_23_2","unstructured":"Hicks v Faulkner (1878) 8 Q.B.D. 167 at 171 as appoved by the House of Lords in Herniman v Smith {1938} A.C. 305 at 316.  Hicks v Faulkner (1878) 8 Q.B.D. 167 at 171 as appoved by the House of Lords in Herniman v Smith {1938} A.C. 305 at 316."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_24_2","unstructured":"Brazier M.B. Street on Torts 8th ed. 1988 p. 437.  Brazier M.B. Street on Torts 8th ed. 1988 p. 437."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_25_2","unstructured":"Supra note 20 p. 586 citing citing citing citing citing citing citing citing citing citing citing citing citing citing citing citing 1938} A.C. 305 at 317.  Supra note 20 p. 586 citing Herniman v Smith {1938} A.C. 305 at 317."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_26_2","unstructured":"Brown v Hawkes {1891} 2 Q.B. 718 at 722; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; 1979) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 ) 21 W.W.R. 488 at 489.  Brown v Hawkes {1891} 2 Q.B. 718 at 722; Carpenter v McDonald (1979) 21 D.IL (2(1) 165 at 184; Hawker v Hillsburgh L1942} 2 W.W.R. 488 at 489."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_27_2","unstructured":"gandir on v Rybialt (197a) 1 O_R_ (2d) 74.  gandir on v Rybialt (197a) 1 O_R_ (2d) 74."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_28_2","unstructured":"{1927} 2 W.W.R. 623.  {1927} 2 W.W.R. 623."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(1964) 45 D.L. IL 638  (1964) 45 D.L. IL 638","DOI":"10.2307\/1377343"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_30_2","unstructured":"Smith J.C. & Deedman C. 'The Nervous Shock Advisor'.  Smith J.C. & Deedman C. 'The Nervous Shock Advisor'."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_31_2","unstructured":"eg. The 'Flexicon' project by The University of British Columbia Faculty of Law IBM (Canada) Law and Computer Centre.  eg. 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