{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:42:24Z","timestamp":1760240544067,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]],"date-time":"2019-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MILLIHAND RTI2018-095825-B-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MILLIHAND RTI2018-095825-B-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Gobierno del Principado de Asturias and European Union (FEDER)","award":["GRUPIN-IDI-2018-000191"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRUPIN-IDI-2018-000191"]}]},{"name":"Gobierno del Principado de Asturias under &quot;Severo Ochoa&quot; program of Ayudas predoctorales para la investigaci\u00f3n y docencia del Principado de Asturias","award":["BP16024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BP16024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An ultra-thin compact flexible CPW-fed slot monopole antenna suitable for the Internet of Things (IoT) applications was achieved as a result of exploring the use of Zirconia-based ENrG\u2019s Thin E-Strate\u00ae for the antenna\u2019s design. The electromagnetic characterization of the novel material at the frequency range of interest was analyzed. A comparison was made concerning the required dimensions and the simulation results regarding impedance matching and radiation properties, for three different dielectric substrates: Novel flexible ceramic (ENrG\u2019s Thin E-Strate), rigid Arlon 25N, and flexible Polypropylene (PP). Two different metallization techniques\u2014electrotextile-based and inkjet printing\u2014were used in the fabrication of prototypes based on ENrG\u2019s Thin E-Strate. Return losses measured results for the fabricated prototypes with both procedures was compared, as well as with simulation. The best prototype on the ENrG\u2019s Thin E-Strate was compared with one on Arlon 25N, in terms of radiation properties in an anechoic chamber, and conclusions were drawn.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19143134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,17]],"date-time":"2019-07-17T02:44:03Z","timestamp":1563331443000},"page":"3134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Zirconia-Based Ultra-Thin Compact Flexible CPW-Fed Slot Antenna for IoT"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2881-970X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Elena","family":"de Cos G\u00f3mez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TSC Electrical Engineering Department, University of Oviedo, 33203 Gij\u00f3n, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3726-0941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Humberto","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez \u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TSC Electrical Engineering Department, University of Oviedo, 33203 Gij\u00f3n, Spain"}]},{"given":"Blas","family":"Puerto Valcarce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDONIAL Centro Tecnol\u00f3gico, 33203 Gij\u00f3n, Spain"}]},{"given":"Cebri\u00e1n","family":"Garc\u00eda Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDONIAL Centro Tecnol\u00f3gico, 33203 Gij\u00f3n, Spain"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Olenick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ENrG Inc., Buffalo, NY 14207, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7959-2114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Las-Heras Andr\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TSC Electrical Engineering Department, University of Oviedo, 33203 Gij\u00f3n, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1080\/00405000.2016.1177870","article-title":"Overview of wearable electronics and smart textiles","volume":"108","author":"Honarvar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Text. Inst."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11957","DOI":"10.3390\/s140711957","article-title":"Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review","volume":"14","author":"Stoppa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1151831","article-title":"Materials science. Toward flexible batteries","volume":"319","author":"Nishide","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2009.2014574","article-title":"A textile antenna for off-body communication integrated into protective clothing for firefighters","volume":"57","author":"Hertleer","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4130","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2012.2207035","article-title":"Design and Manufacturing of Robust Textile Antennas for Harsh Environments","volume":"60","author":"Lilja","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hachi, A., Lebbar, H., and Himdi, M. (2017, January 19\u201324). Flexible and conformal printed monopoles for reconfigurable antennas. Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), Paris, France.","DOI":"10.23919\/EuCAP.2017.7928565"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2015.3135","article-title":"Design Methodology for Wearable Antenna on Artificial Magnetic Conductor Using Stretch Conductive Fabric","volume":"52","author":"Mantash","year":"2016","journal-title":"IET Electron. Lett."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5776","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2013.2278858","article-title":"A Ceramic Antenna for Tri-Band Radio Devices","volume":"61","author":"Zhihong","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao, Y., Yu, H., Yu, J., and Chen, X. (2017, January 19\u201324). Design of dual-band compact ceramic chip antenna for terminal applications. Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), Paris, France.","DOI":"10.23919\/EuCAP.2017.7928390"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2016.2598729","article-title":"Dual-Band Dual-Mode Textile Antenna on PDMS Substrate for Body-Centric Communications","volume":"16","author":"Simorangkir","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48102","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2867696","article-title":"Polydimethylsiloxane-Embedded Conductive Fabric: Characterization and Application for Realization of Robust Passive and Active Flexible Wearable Antennas","volume":"6","author":"Simorangkir","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2018.01.019","article-title":"Flexible graphite films with high conductivity for radio-frequency antennas","volume":"130","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2018.03.014","article-title":"Highly sensitive wearable sensor based on a flexible multi-layer graphene film antenna","volume":"63","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Bull."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Song, B., Wu, F., Moon, K., Bahr, R., Tentzeris, M., and Wong, C. (June, January 29). Stretchable, Printable and Electrically Conductive Composites for Wearable RF Antennas. Proceedings of the IEEE 68th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC), San Diego, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-map.2012.0719","article-title":"Effect of the fabrication parameters on the performance of embroidered antennas","volume":"7","author":"Seager","year":"2013","journal-title":"IET Microw. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics3020314","article-title":"Embroidery and Related Manufacturing Techniques for Wearable Antennas: Challenges and Opportunities","volume":"3","author":"Tsolis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2016.2517673","article-title":"A Modular Textile Antenna Design Using Snap-on Buttons for Wearable Applications","volume":"64","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shamim, A. (November, January 30). 3D inkjet printed flexible and wearable antenna systems. Proceedings of the 2017 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP), Phuket, Thailand.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISANP.2017.8229043"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2013.2295942","article-title":"Inkjet-Printed Microstrip Patch Antennas Realized on Textile for Wearable Applications","volume":"13","author":"Whittow","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1109\/TCPMT.2018.2848459","article-title":"Inkjet Printing of Wideband Stacked Microstrip Patch Array Antenna on Ultrathin Flexible Substrates","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Compon. Packag. Manufac. Technol."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Lemaitre-Auger, P., Tedjini, S., and Andriamiharivolarnena, T. (June, January 28). Wearable Antennas on Flexible Substrate. Proceedings of the 2nd URSI Atlantic Radio Science Meeting (AT-RASC), Gran Canaria, Spain."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mansour, A., Azab, M., and Shehata, N. (2017, January 3\u20135). Flexible paper-based wideband antenna for compact-size IoT devices. Proceedings of the 8th IEEE Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON), Vancouver, BC, Canada.","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMCON.2017.8117184"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2015.2472374","article-title":"Wearable Antennas for Off-Body Radio Links at VHF and UHF Bands: Challenges, the state of the art, and future trends below 1 GHz","volume":"57","author":"Nepa","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"(2019, May 20). ENrG\u2019s Thin E-Strate. Available online: https:\/\/www.enrg-inc.com\/products."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Rogers Corp Laminates (2019, May 20). Datasheet of the RO3010 Dielectric Material. Available online: https:\/\/www.rogerscorp.com\/documents\/722\/acs\/RO3000-Laminate-Data-Sheet-RO3003-RO3006-RO3010-RO3035.pdf."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2007.903587","article-title":"A Review of Microstrip T-Resonator Method in Determining the Dielectric Properties of Printed Circuit Board Materials","volume":"56","author":"Kettunen","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2013.6586683","article-title":"Polypropylene-Based Dual-Band CPW-Fed Monopole Antenna [Antenna App. Corner]","volume":"55","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olenick, J.A., Venkateswaran, V., and Olenick, K. (2015). Roll-To-Roll Ultrathin Flexible Ceramic for Cost Effective Coating. Ceramic Materials for Energy Applications V, Ch11, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119211709.ch11"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/14\/3134\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:06:14Z","timestamp":1760187974000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/14\/3134"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["s19143134"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s19143134","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]]}}}