{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T18:40:59Z","timestamp":1771699259056,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The advancements in Industry 4.0 have opened up new ways for the structural deployment of Smart Grids (SGs) to face the endlessly rising challenges of the 21st century. SGs for Industry 4.0 can be better managed by optimized routing techniques. In Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs), the topology is not fixed and can be encountered by interference, mobility of nodes, propagation of multi-paths, and path loss. To extenuate these concerns for SGs, in this paper, we have presented a new version of the standard Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol for SGs to improve the management of control intervals that enhance the efficiency of the standard OLSR protocol without affecting its reliability. The adapted fault tolerant approach makes the proposed protocol more reliable for industrial applications. The process of grouping of nodes supports managing the total network cost by reducing severe flooding and evaluating an optimized head of clusters. The head of the unit is nominated according to the first defined expectation factor. With a sequence of rigorous performance evaluations under simulation parameters, the simulation results show that the proposed version of OLSR has proliferated Quality of Service (QoS) metrics when it is compared against the state-of-the-art-based conventional protocols, namely, standard OLSR, DSDV, AOMDV and hybrid routing technique.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21196474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T21:39:29Z","timestamp":1632865169000},"page":"6474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"title":["An Optimized Framework for WSN Routing in the Context of Industry 4.0"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8474-9435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shalli","family":"Rani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1688-8772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deepika","family":"Koundal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systemics, School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248001, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5422-1659","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"Kavita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5206-272X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Fazal","family":"Ijaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6347-8368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Elhoseny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computers and Information, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9794-554X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed I.","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha City 1988, Saudi Arabia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4674","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2018.2855198","article-title":"Deploying fog computing in industrial internet of things and industry 4.0","volume":"14","author":"Aazam","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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