{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312913939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3227996","title":"Sub-10 <i>\u03bc</i>Hz/\u221aHz Measurement Instrumentation for 140-dB DR Frequency-Modulated MEMS Sensors","display_name":"Sub-10 <i>\u03bc</i>Hz/\u221aHz Measurement Instrumentation for 140-dB DR Frequency-Modulated MEMS Sensors","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312913939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3227996"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3227996","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3227996","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071787051","display_name":"Christian Padovani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5935-1639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christian Padovani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090688453","display_name":"Marco Bestetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9680-350X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Bestetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083017059","display_name":"Carlo Valzasina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1535-2987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154781","display_name":"STMicroelectronics (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/053bqv655","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131827901","https://openalex.org/I4210154781"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlo Valzasina","raw_affiliation_strings":["ST Microelectronics, Cornaredo, Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ST Microelectronics, Cornaredo, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082689972","display_name":"Andrea Bonfanti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1974-2605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Giovanni Bonfanti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072082930","display_name":"Giacomo Langfelder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2997-834X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giacomo Langfelder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071787051"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3682,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58498403,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11449","display_name":"Mechanical and Optical Resonators","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11160","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differentiator","display_name":"Differentiator","score":0.5750912427902222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5092593431472778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.5062698125839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5058135986328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.43921053409576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-range","display_name":"Dynamic range","score":0.4272933304309845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4202570617198944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.34567689895629883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.28541767597198486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1505005657672882}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12112733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2659948","display_name":"Differentiator","level":3,"score":0.5750912427902222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5092593431472778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.5062698125839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5058135986328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.43921053409576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87133666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161699","display_name":"Dynamic range","level":2,"score":0.4272933304309845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4202570617198944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34567689895629883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.28541767597198486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1505005657672882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2022.3227996","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3227996","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1225891","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11311/1225891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492059061","https://openalex.org/W1971512693","https://openalex.org/W1995902295","https://openalex.org/W2017660946","https://openalex.org/W2088034818","https://openalex.org/W2137444785","https://openalex.org/W2153267648","https://openalex.org/W2580752875","https://openalex.org/W2798483277","https://openalex.org/W2809005178","https://openalex.org/W2900806108","https://openalex.org/W2952512999","https://openalex.org/W2969750394","https://openalex.org/W2969830104","https://openalex.org/W3015470757","https://openalex.org/W3015900673","https://openalex.org/W3111229236","https://openalex.org/W3174248627","https://openalex.org/W3183494257","https://openalex.org/W3203567326","https://openalex.org/W4211255104","https://openalex.org/W4233999490","https://openalex.org/W4281711927"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2371530940","https://openalex.org/W1560887869","https://openalex.org/W2109780951","https://openalex.org/W2029024449","https://openalex.org/W1641778210","https://openalex.org/W1994327371","https://openalex.org/W2064008010","https://openalex.org/W1967596626","https://openalex.org/W2283463320","https://openalex.org/W2978406538"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,110,159,202],"field":[1],"of":[2,21,52,61,66,72,95,107],"frequency-modulated":[3],"(FM)":[4],"microelectromechanical":[5],"system":[6],"(MEMS)":[7],"sensors":[8],"is":[9,54,89,113,134,145,161,204,212],"emerging":[10],"as":[11],"an":[12,67,76],"alternative":[13],"to":[14,48,189,198],"conventional":[15],"amplitude-modulated":[16],"(AM)":[17],"architectures,":[18],"especially":[19],"because":[20],"new":[22],"application":[23],"requirements":[24],"on":[25,91,100,115],"extended":[26],"full-scale":[27],"and":[28,79,99,168,196,208],"low":[29],"noise,":[30],"which":[31],"turn":[32],"into":[33],"a":[34,40,42,102,116,121,126,129,137],"wide":[35],"dynamic":[36],"range":[37,97,167,186],"(DR).":[38],"As":[39],"consequence,":[41],"need":[43],"for":[44,69,206],"characterization":[45,71],"tools":[46],"dedicated":[47],"this":[49],"novel":[50],"class":[51],"transducers":[53],"arising.":[55],"This":[56],"work":[57],"presents":[58],"the":[59,62,70,84,87,105,148,156,164,185,194],"development":[60],"key":[63],"building":[64],"blocks":[65],"instrument":[68,85,111,160,203],"FM":[73],"sensors,":[74],"including":[75],"integrated":[77,157],"circuit":[78],"external":[80],"board-level":[81],"components.":[82],"In":[83],"design,":[86],"focus":[88],"set":[90],"versatility":[92,144],"in":[93,104,184,214],"terms":[94],"input":[96,166],"frequencies":[98],"guaranteeing":[101],"DR":[103],"order":[106],"140":[108],"dB.":[109],"core":[112],"based":[114],"frequency-to-digital":[117],"converter,":[118],"implemented":[119],"through":[120],"type-II":[122],"phase-locked":[123],"loop":[124],"with":[125],"differentiator":[127],"implementing":[128],"period":[130],"meter.":[131],"Low-quantization":[132],"noise":[133,182],"obtained":[135],"using":[136],"high-frequency":[138],"(100":[139],"MHz)":[140],"time":[141,150],"reference,":[142],"while":[143],"guaranteed":[146],"at":[147],"same":[149],"by":[151,210],"having":[152],"programmable":[153],"parameters":[154],"within":[155],"circuit.":[158],"tested":[162],"across":[163],"27\u2013260-kHz":[165],"demonstrates":[169],"sub-10-":[170],"<inline-formula":[171],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[172],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[173],"<tex-math":[174],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\mu":[175],"\\text":[176],"{Hz}/\\sqrt":[177],"{\\text":[178],"{Hz}}$":[179],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[180],"frequency":[181],"density":[183],"from":[187,193],"10":[188],"100":[190],"Hz":[191],"offset":[192],"carrier":[195],"up":[197],"100-Hz":[199],"full":[200],"scale.":[201],"available":[205],"testing":[207],"used":[209],"whoever":[211],"interested":[213],"its":[215],"features.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2023-01-05T00:00:00"}
