{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2954818883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21070646","title":"Emotion Recognition from Skeletal Movements","display_name":"Emotion Recognition from Skeletal Movements","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2954818883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21070646","mag":"2954818883","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33267360"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e21070646","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21070646","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/7/646/pdf?version=1561802462","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/7/646/pdf?version=1561802462","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073150346","display_name":"Tomasz Sapi\u0144ski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188884621","display_name":"Lodz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00s8fpf52","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188884621"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomasz Sapi\u0144ski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mechatronics and Information Systems Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mechatronics and Information Systems Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188884621"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015351707","display_name":"Dorota Kami\u0144ska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3416-5554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188884621","display_name":"Lodz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00s8fpf52","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188884621"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dorota Kami\u0144ska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mechatronics and Information Systems Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mechatronics and Information Systems Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188884621"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060557374","display_name":"A. Pelikant","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4282-7052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188884621","display_name":"Lodz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00s8fpf52","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188884621"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Pelikant","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mechatronics and Information Systems Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mechatronics and Information Systems Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188884621"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005605270","display_name":"Gholamreza Anbarjafari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8460-5717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56085075","display_name":"University of Tartu","ror":"https://ror.org/03z77qz90","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154391","display_name":"Hasan Kalyoncu University","ror":"https://ror.org/054g2pw49","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154391"]}],"countries":["EE","GB","TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gholamreza Anbarjafari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Hasan Kalyoncu University, 27000 Sahinbey, Gaziantep, Turkey","Institute of Digital Technologies, Loughborough University London, London E15 2GZ, UK","iCV Lab, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 51014 Tartu, Estonia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Hasan Kalyoncu University, 27000 Sahinbey, Gaziantep, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Digital Technologies, Loughborough University London, London E15 2GZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"iCV Lab, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 51014 Tartu, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015351707"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188884621"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":4.7001,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":94,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95973441,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"7","first_page":"646","last_page":"646"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-recognition","display_name":"Emotion recognition","score":0.596684455871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45308318734169006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3658592700958252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.36365747451782227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3510740101337433}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777438025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339090","display_name":"Emotion recognition","level":2,"score":0.596684455871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45308318734169006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3658592700958252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.36365747451782227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3510740101337433}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e21070646","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21070646","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/7/646/pdf?version=1561802462","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33267360","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33267360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:82fd06c48c164962b0cbf2c32459d05d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/82fd06c48c164962b0cbf2c32459d05d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 21, Iss 7, p 646 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lboro.ac.uk:2134/38214","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/38214","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401023","display_name":"Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","host_organization_name":"Loughborough University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/9462935","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Emotion_recognition_from_skeletal_movements/9462935","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/21/7/646/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21070646","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openaccess.hku.edu.tr:20.500.11782/523","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11782/523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196685","display_name":"DSpace-HK\u00dc (Hasan Kalyoncu University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210154391","host_organization_name":"Hasan Kalyoncu University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154391"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7515139","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7515139","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e21070646","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e21070646","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/7/646/pdf?version=1561802462","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2954818883.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2954818883.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W579507799","https://openalex.org/W1566376227","https://openalex.org/W1587447546","https://openalex.org/W1818250999","https://openalex.org/W1871419576","https://openalex.org/W1969850025","https://openalex.org/W1978262206","https://openalex.org/W1979378996","https://openalex.org/W2003238582","https://openalex.org/W2010652883","https://openalex.org/W2039262954","https://openalex.org/W2069143585","https://openalex.org/W2070613221","https://openalex.org/W2106508100","https://openalex.org/W2128679772","https://openalex.org/W2131806657","https://openalex.org/W2132083787","https://openalex.org/W2136119880","https://openalex.org/W2155889930","https://openalex.org/W2157441726","https://openalex.org/W2159505618","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2164368909","https://openalex.org/W2164777468","https://openalex.org/W2189399934","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2196256193","https://openalex.org/W2477280584","https://openalex.org/W2503458650","https://openalex.org/W2556782416","https://openalex.org/W2584561145","https://openalex.org/W2612707971","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2770401527","https://openalex.org/W2783866469","https://openalex.org/W2784655662","https://openalex.org/W2795354662","https://openalex.org/W2847860439","https://openalex.org/W2884739346","https://openalex.org/W2905545827","https://openalex.org/W2936477056","https://openalex.org/W2945521265","https://openalex.org/W2950568498","https://openalex.org/W2962949994","https://openalex.org/W2963559999","https://openalex.org/W2963631961","https://openalex.org/W2963876278","https://openalex.org/W3106327734","https://openalex.org/W4247204862","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6633912811","https://openalex.org/W6683078286","https://openalex.org/W6687483927","https://openalex.org/W6791050154"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"emotion":[1,30,182,200],"recognition":[2,31,183],"has":[3,16],"become":[4],"an":[5,193],"important":[6],"trend":[7],"in":[8,20,25,59,174,198],"many":[9],"artificial":[10],"intelligence":[11],"(AI)":[12],"based":[13,33,113,129],"applications":[14],"and":[15,82,139,158],"been":[17],"widely":[18],"explored":[19],"recent":[21],"years.":[22],"Most":[23],"research":[24],"the":[26,41,44,136,140,145,149,162,166,178],"area":[27],"of":[28,43,54,110,116,126,142,165,180,186,196],"automated":[29],"is":[32,50,56],"on":[34,47,114,130],"facial":[35],"expressions":[36],"or":[37],"speech":[38],"signals.":[39],"Although":[40],"influence":[42],"emotional":[45,74,94,163],"state":[46,164],"body":[48,84,117,187],"movements":[49],"undeniable,":[51],"this":[52,63,175],"source":[53,195],"expression":[55],"still":[57],"underestimated":[58],"automatic":[60,181],"analysis.":[61],"In":[62,148],"paper,":[64],"we":[65],"propose":[66,106],"a":[67,107,123],"novel":[68],"method":[69],"to":[70,160],"recognise":[71,161],"seven":[72,92],"basic":[73,93],"states-namely,":[75],"happy,":[76],"sad,":[77],"surprise,":[78],"fear,":[79],"anger,":[80],"disgust":[81],"neutral-utilising":[83],"movement.":[85],"We":[86,105],"analyse":[87],"motion":[88,168],"capture":[89],"data":[90],"under":[91],"states":[95],"recorded":[96],"by":[97],"professional":[98],"actor/actresses":[99],"using":[100],"Microsoft":[101],"Kinect":[102],"v2":[103],"sensor.":[104],"new":[108],"representation":[109],"affective":[111,127],"movements,":[112],"sequences":[115,185],"joints.":[118],"The":[119,170],"proposed":[120],"algorithm":[121],"creates":[122],"sequential":[124],"model":[125],"movement":[128],"low":[131],"level":[132],"features":[133],"inferred":[134],"from":[135,184],"spacial":[137],"location":[138],"orientation":[141],"joints":[143],"within":[144],"tracked":[146],"skeleton.":[147],"experimental":[150,171],"results,":[151],"different":[152],"deep":[153],"neural":[154],"networks":[155],"were":[156],"employed":[157],"compared":[159],"acquired":[167],"sequences.":[169],"results":[172],"conducted":[173],"work":[176],"show":[177],"feasibility":[179],"gestures,":[188],"which":[189],"can":[190],"serve":[191],"as":[192],"additional":[194],"information":[197],"multimodal":[199],"recognition.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
