Visual Reasoning Benchmark: Evaluating Multimodal LLMs on Classroom-Authentic Visual Problems from Primary Education.

Robin A. A. Ince https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8427-0507 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q88256921

Mohamed Huti Alasdair Mackintosh Amy Waldock Dominic Andrews Maxime Lelièvre Moritz Boos Tobias Murray Paul Atherton Robin A. A. Ince Oliver G. B. Garrod Visual Reasoning Benchmark: Evaluating Multimodal LLMs on Classroom-Authentic Visual Problems from Primary Education. 2026 February abs/2602.12196 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.12196 db/journals/corr/corr2602.html#abs-2602-12196 streams/journals/corr

Maxime Lelièvre Amy Waldock Meng Liu Natalia Valdés Aspillaga Alasdair Mackintosh María José Ogando Portela Jared Lee Paul Atherton Robin A. A. Ince Oliver G. B. Garrod Benchmarking the Pedagogical Knowledge of Large Language Models. 2025 June abs/2506.18710 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.18710 db/journals/corr/corr2506.html#abs-2506-18710 streams/journals/corr

Etienne Combrisson Ruggero Basanisi Vinicius Lima Cordeiro Robin A. A. Ince Andrea Brovelli Frites: A Python package for functional connectivity analysis and group-level statistics of neurophysiological data. 3842 2022 November 7 J. Open Source Softw. 79 https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.03842 db/journals/jossw/jossw7.html#CombrissonBCIB22

Joshua Bolam Stephanie C. Boyle Robin A. A. Ince Ioannis Delis Neurocomputational mechanisms underlying cross-modal associations and their influence on perceptual decisions. 118841 2022 247 NeuroImage https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118841 db/journals/neuroimage/neuroimage247.html#BolamBID22

Etienne Combrisson Michele Allegra Ruggero Basanisi Robin A. A. Ince Bruno L. Giordano Julien Bastin Andrea Brovelli Group-level inference of information-based measures for the analyses of cognitive brain networks from neurophysiological data. 119347 2022 258 NeuroImage https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119347 db/journals/neuroimage/neuroimage258.html#CombrissonABIGB22

Christoph Daube Tian Xu Jiayu Zhan Andrew Webb Robin A. A. Ince Oliver G. B. Garrod Philippe G. Schyns Grounding deep neural network predictions of human categorization behavior in understandable functional features: The case of face identity. 100348 2021 2 Patterns 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2021.100348 db/journals/patterns/patterns2.html#DaubeXZWIGS21

Laurent Caplette Robin A. A. Ince Karim Jerbi Frédéric Gosselin Disentangling presentation and processing times in the brain. 116994 2020 218 NeuroImage https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116994 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q96031027 db/journals/neuroimage/neuroimage218.html#CapletteIJG20

Etienne Combrisson Timothy Nest Andrea Brovelli Robin A. A. Ince Juan L. P. Soto Aymeric Guillot Karim Jerbi Tensorpac: An open-source Python toolbox for tensor-based phase-amplitude coupling measurement in electrophysiological brain signals. 2020 16 PLoS Comput. Biol. 10 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008302 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q101061710 db/journals/ploscb/ploscb16.html#CombrissonNBISG20

Chaona Chen Oliver G. B. Garrod Robin A. A. Ince Mary Ellen Foster Philippe G. Schyns Rachael E. Jack Building Culturally-Valid Dynamic Facial Expressions for a Conversational Virtual Agent Using Human Perception. 14:1-14:3 2020 IVA https://doi.org/10.1145/3383652.3423913 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q130878973 conf/iva/2020 db/conf/iva/iva2020.html#ChenGIFSJ20 Meng Liu Yaocong Duan Robin A. A. Ince Chaona Chen Oliver G. B. Garrod Philippe G. Schyns Rachael E. Jack Building a Generative Space of Facial Expressions of Emotions Using Psychological Data-driven Methods. 37:1-37:3 2020 IVA https://doi.org/10.1145/3383652.3423902 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q131163640 conf/iva/2020 db/conf/iva/iva2020.html#LiuDICGSJ20 Chaona Chen Laura B. Hensel Yaocong Duan Robin A. A. Ince Oliver G. B. Garrod Jonas Beskow Rachael E. Jack Philippe G. Schyns Equipping social robots with culturally-sensitive facial expressions of emotion using data-driven methods. 1-8 2019 FG https://doi.org/10.1109/FG.2019.8756570 conf/fgr/2019 db/conf/fgr/fg2019.html#ChenHDIGBJS19

Jim W. Kay Robin A. A. Ince Exact Partial Information Decompositions for Gaussian Systems Based on Dependency Constraints. 240 2018 20 Entropy 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/e20040240 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q103830240 db/journals/entropy/entropy20.html#KayI18

Tian Xu Oliver G. B. Garrod H. Steven Scholte Robin A. A. Ince Philippe G. Schyns Using Psychophysical Methods to Understand Mechanisms of Face Identification in a Deep Neural Network. 1976-1984 2018 CVPR Workshops http://openaccess.thecvf.com/content_cvpr_2018_workshops/w39/html/Xu_Using_Psychophysical_Methods_CVPR_2018_paper.html https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPRW.2018.00266 https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/CVPRW.2018.00266 conf/cvpr/2018w db/conf/cvpr/cvprw2018.html#XuGSIS18

James W. Kay Robin A. A. Ince Exact partial information decompositions for Gaussian systems based on dependency constraints. 2018 abs/1803.02030 CoRR http://arxiv.org/abs/1803.02030 db/journals/corr/corr1803.html#abs-1803-02030

Tian Xu Jiayu Zhan Oliver G. B. Garrod Philip H. S. Torr Song-Chun Zhu Robin A. A. Ince Philippe G. Schyns Deeper Interpretability of Deep Networks. 2018 abs/1811.07807 CoRR http://arxiv.org/abs/1811.07807 db/journals/corr/corr1811.html#abs-1811-07807

Robin A. A. Ince Measuring Multivariate Redundant Information with Pointwise Common Change in Surprisal. 318 2017 19 Entropy 7 https://doi.org/10.3390/e19070318 db/journals/entropy/entropy19.html#Ince17

Jim W. Kay Robin A. A. Ince Benjamin R. Dering William A. Phillips Partial and Entropic Information Decompositions of a Neuronal Modulatory Interaction. 560 2017 19 Entropy 11 https://doi.org/10.3390/e19110560 db/journals/entropy/entropy19.html#KayIDP17

Anne Keitel Robin A. A. Ince Joachim Gross Christoph Kayser Auditory cortical delta-entrainment interacts with oscillatory power in multiple fronto-parietal networks. 32-42 2017 147 NeuroImage https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.11.062 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q30362658 db/journals/neuroimage/neuroimage147.html#KeitelIGK17

Robin A. A. Ince The Partial Entropy Decomposition: Decomposing multivariate entropy and mutual information via pointwise common surprisal. 2017 abs/1702.01591 CoRR http://arxiv.org/abs/1702.01591 db/journals/corr/corr1702.html#Ince17

Robin A. A. Ince Measuring multivariate redundant information with pointwise common change in surprisal. 2016 abs/1602.05063 CoRR http://arxiv.org/abs/1602.05063 db/journals/corr/corr1602.html#Ince16

Robin A. A. Ince Stefano Panzeri Simon R. Schultz Summary of Information Theoretic Quantities. 2014 Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7320-6_306-1 reference/cn/2014 db/reference/cn/cn2014.html#IncePS14 Robin A. A. Ince Simon R. Schultz Stefano Panzeri Estimating Information-Theoretic Quantities. 2014 Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7320-6_140-1 reference/cn/2014 db/reference/cn/cn2014.html#InceSP14 Simon R. Schultz Robin A. A. Ince Stefano Panzeri Applications of Information Theory to Analysis of Neural Data. 2014 Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7320-6_280-1 reference/cn/2014 db/reference/cn/cn2014.html#SchultzIP14

Christoph Kayser Robin A. A. Ince Stefano Panzeri Analysis of Slow (Theta) Oscillations as a Potential Temporal Reference Frame for Information Coding in Sensory Cortices. 2012 8 PLoS Comput. Biol. 10 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002717 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q30462499 db/journals/ploscb/ploscb8.html#KayserIP12

Robin A. A. Ince Riccardo Senatore Ehsan Arabzadeh Fernando Montani Mathew E. Diamond Stefano Panzeri Information-theoretic methods for studying population codes. 713-727 2010 23 Neural Networks 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2010.05.008 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q37764556 db/journals/nn/nn23.html#InceSAMDP10

Robin A. A. Ince Rasmus S. Petersen Daniel C. Swan Stefano Panzeri Python for information theoretic analysis of neural data. 2009 3 Frontiers Neuroinformatics https://doi.org/10.3389/neuro.11.004.2009 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q33412392 db/journals/fini/fini3.html#IncePSP09 4

Michele Allegra Dominic Andrews Ehsan Arabzadeh Natalia Valdés Aspillaga Paul Atherton Ruggero Basanisi Julien Bastin Jonas Beskow Joshua Bolam Moritz Boos Stephanie C. Boyle Andrea Brovelli Laurent Caplette Chaona Chen Etienne Combrisson Vinicius Lima Cordeiro Christoph Daube Ioannis Delis Benjamin R. Dering Mathew E. Diamond Yaocong Duan Mary Ellen Foster Oliver G. B. Garrod Bruno L. Giordano Frédéric Gosselin Joachim Gross Aymeric Guillot Laura B. Hensel Mohamed Huti Rachael JackRachael E. Jack Karim Jerbi James W. Kay Jim KayJim W. Kay Christoph Kayser Anne Keitel Jared Lee Maxime Lelièvre Meng Liu Alasdair Mackintosh Fernando Montani Tobias Murray Timothy Nest Stefano Panzeri Rasmus S. Petersen William A. Phillips María José Ogando Portela H. Steven Scholte Simon R. Schultz Philippe G. Schyns Riccardo Senatore Juan L. P. Soto Daniel C. Swan Philip Torr 0001Philip H. S. Torr Amy Waldock Andrew Webb Tian Xu Jiayu Zhan Song-Chun Zhu