Green Cybersecurity: Leveraging AI, ML, and LLMs to Optimize Energy, Threat Detection, and Sustainability Frameworks.

Robert Akl

Yusuf Usman Chidimma Judith Ihejirika Stephen Nonye Offor Robert Akl Robin Chataut Green Cybersecurity: Leveraging AI, ML, and LLMs to Optimize Energy, Threat Detection, and Sustainability Frameworks. 159345-159379 2025 13 IEEE Access https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3602451 db/journals/access/access13.html#UsmanIOAC25 streams/journals/access

Yusuf Usman Habeeb Oladipupo Adegboyega D. During Robert Akl Robin Chataut AI, ML, and LLM Integration in 5G/6G Networks: A Comprehensive Survey of Architectures, Challenges, and Future Directions. 168914-168950 2025 13 IEEE Access https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3608736 db/journals/access/access13.html#UsmanODAC25 streams/journals/access

Robin Chataut Mary Nankya Robert Akl 6G Networks and the AI Revolution - Exploring Technologies, Applications, and Emerging Challenges. 1888 2024 March 24 Sensors 6 https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061888 db/journals/sensors/sensors24.html#ChatautNA24

Robin Chataut Robert Akl An Adaptive User Scheduling Algorithm for 6G Massive MIMO Systems. 1475-1482 2024 ICACT https://doi.org/10.23919/ICACT60172.2024.10471912 conf/icact/2024 db/conf/icact/icact2024.html#ChatautA24

Robin Chataut Alex Phoummalayvane Robert Akl Unleashing the Power of IoT: A Comprehensive Review of IoT Applications and Future Prospects in Healthcare, Agriculture, Smart Homes, Smart Cities, and Industry 4.0. 7194 2023 August 23 Sensors 16 https://doi.org/10.3390/s23167194 db/journals/sensors/sensors23.html#ChatautPA23

Mary Nankya Robin Chataut Robert Akl Securing Industrial Control Systems: Components, Cyber Threats, and Machine Learning-Driven Defense Strategies. 8840 2023 October 23 Sensors 21 https://doi.org/10.3390/s23218840 db/journals/sensors/sensors23.html#NankyaCA23

Mohammadreza Robaei Robert Akl Quadratic Displacement Operators - Theory and Application to Millimeter-Wave Channel Tracking. 596-610 2023 22 IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2022.3196883 db/journals/twc/twc22.html#RobaeiA23

Robin Chataut Robert Akl Utpal Kumar Dey An Adaptive User Scheduling Algorithm for 6G Massive MIMO Systems. 158-163 2023 ICACT https://doi.org/10.23919/ICACT56868.2023.10079558 conf/icact/2023 db/conf/icact/icact2023.html#ChatautAD23

Mohammadreza Robaei Robert Akl Continuous Compressed Sensing Hilbert-Schmidt Integral Operator. 80264-80276 2022 10 IEEE Access https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3194926 db/journals/access/access10.html#RobaeiA22

Utpal Kumar Dey Robert Akl Robin Chataut Throughput Improvement in Vehicular Communication by Using Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) Code. 836-843 2022 CCWC https://doi.org/10.1109/CCWC54503.2022.9720849 conf/ccwc/2022 db/conf/ccwc/ccwc2022.html#DeyAC22 Mohammadreza Robaei Robert Akl Robin Chataut Utpal Kumar Dey Adaptive Millimeter-Wave Channel Estimation and Tracking. 23-28 2022 ICACT https://doi.org/10.23919/ICACT53585.2022.9728837 conf/icact/2022 db/conf/icact/icact2022.html#RobaeiACD22 Utpal Kumar Dey Robert Akl Robin Chataut Performance Improvement in Cellular V2X (CV2X) by Using Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) Code. 296-302 2022 UEMCON https://doi.org/10.1109/UEMCON54665.2022.9965719 conf/uemcom/2022 db/conf/uemcom/uemcom2022.html#DeyAC22

Mohammadreza Robaei Robert Akl Compressible Topological Vector Spaces. 2022 abs/2208.13728 CoRR https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2208.13728 db/journals/corr/corr2208.html#abs-2208-13728

Mohammadreza Robaei Robert Akl Characterizing Non-Stationary Millimeter-Wave Communication Using Fuzzy Entropy. 1-6 2021 CISS https://doi.org/10.1109/CISS50987.2021.9400265 conf/ciss/2021 db/conf/ciss/ciss2021.html#RobaeiA21 Mohammadreza Robaei Robert Akl Robin Chataut Utpal Kumar Dey Adaptive Millimeter-Wave Channel Estimation and Tracking. 23-28 2021 ICACT https://doi.org/10.23919/ICACT51234.2021.9370929 conf/icact/2021 db/conf/icact/icact2021.html#RobaeiACD21 Utpal Kumar Dey Robert Akl Robin Chataut Mohammadreza Robaei Selective MIMO in Vehicular Communication for Reliable Safety Services and High Speed Non-Safety Services. 785-790 2021 UEMCON https://doi.org/10.1109/UEMCON53757.2021.9666574 conf/uemcom/2021 db/conf/uemcom/uemcom2021.html#DeyACR21 Robin Chataut Robert Akl Utpal Kumar Dey An Efficient and Fast-convergent Detector for 5G and Beyond Massive MIMO Systems. 866-872 2021 UEMCON https://doi.org/10.1109/UEMCON53757.2021.9666709 conf/uemcom/2021 db/conf/uemcom/uemcom2021.html#ChatautAD21

Robin Chataut Robert Akl Massive MIMO Systems for 5G and beyond Networks - Overview, Recent Trends, Challenges, and Future Research Direction. 2753 2020 20 Sensors 10 https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102753 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q94681265 db/journals/sensors/sensors20.html#ChatautA20

Robin Chataut Robert Akl Mohammadreza Robaei Accelerated and Preconditioned Refinement of Gauss-Seidel Method for Uplink Signal Detection in 5G Massive MIMO Systems. 83-89 2020 CCWC https://doi.org/10.1109/CCWC47524.2020.9031209 conf/ccwc/2020 db/conf/ccwc/ccwc2020.html#ChatautAR20 Utpal Kumar Dey Robert Akl Robin Chataut High Throughput Vehicular Communication Using Spatial Multiplexing MIMO. 110-115 2020 CCWC https://doi.org/10.1109/CCWC47524.2020.9031225 conf/ccwc/2020 db/conf/ccwc/ccwc2020.html#DeyAC20 Robin Chataut Robert Akl Efficient and Low-Complexity Iterative Detectors for 5G Massive MIMO Systems. 442-449 2020 DCOSS https://doi.org/10.1109/DCOSS49796.2020.00076 conf/dcoss/2020 db/conf/dcoss/dcoss2020.html#ChatautA20 Mohammadreza Robaei Robert Akl Examining Spatial Consistency for Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Channel Estimation in 5G-NR. 1-6 2020 ICCE https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCE46568.2020.9042983 conf/iccel/2020 db/conf/iccel/icce2020.html#RobaeiA20 Utpal Kumar Dey Robert Akl Robin Chataut Mohammadreza Robaei Modified PHY Layer for High Performance V2X Communication using 5G NR. 137-142 2020 UEMCON https://doi.org/10.1109/UEMCON51285.2020.9298144 conf/uemcom/2020 db/conf/uemcom/uemcom2020.html#DeyACR20 Mohammadreza Robaei Robert Akl Time-Variant Broadband mmWave Channel Estimation Based on Compressed Sensing. 172-178 2019 UEMCON https://doi.org/10.1109/UEMCON47517.2019.8993073 conf/uemcom/2019 db/conf/uemcom/uemcom2019.html#RobaeiA19

Sultan Alotaibi Robert Akl Range-Based Scheme for Adjusting Transmission Power of Femtocell in Co-Channel Deployment. 14-24 2018 10 Int. J. Interdiscip. Telecommun. Netw. 2 https://doi.org/10.4018/IJITN.2018040102 db/journals/ijitn/ijitn10.html#AlotaibiA18

Robin Chataut Robert Akl Optimal pilot reuse factor based on user environments in 5G Massive MIMO. 845-851 2018 CCWC https://doi.org/10.1109/CCWC.2018.8301625 conf/ccwc/2018 db/conf/ccwc/ccwc2018.html#ChatautA18 Robin Chataut Robert Akl Huber Fitting based ADMM Detection for Uplink 5G Massive MIMO Systems. 33-37 2018 UEMCON https://doi.org/10.1109/UEMCON.2018.8796735 conf/uemcom/2018 db/conf/uemcom/uemcom2018.html#ChatautA18 Sultan Alotaibi Robert Akl Self-adjustment downlink transmission power for femtocells in co-channel deployment in heterogeneous networks. 1-6 2017 CCWC https://doi.org/10.1109/CCWC.2017.7868383 conf/ccwc/2017 db/conf/ccwc/ccwc2017.html#AlotaibiA17 Uttara Sawant Robert Akl Performance evaluation of network productivity for LTE heterogeneous networks with reward-penalty weights assessment. 1-6 2017 CCWC https://doi.org/10.1109/CCWC.2017.7868433 conf/ccwc/2017 db/conf/ccwc/ccwc2017.html#SawantA17 Sultan Alotaibi Robert Akl Radio resource management in LTE femtocell networks. 479-483 2017 NCA https://doi.org/10.1109/NCA.2017.8171396 https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/NCA.2017.8171396 conf/nca/2017 db/conf/nca/nca2017.html#AlotaibiA17 Uttara Sawant Robert Akl Subcarrier allocation in LTE network deployment with mobility. 1-8 2017 UEMCON https://doi.org/10.1109/UEMCON.2017.8248968 conf/uemcom/2017 db/conf/uemcom/uemcom2017.html#SawantA17 Sultan Alotaibi Robert Akl Packet scheduling bandwidth type-based mechanism for LTE. 363-368 2017 UEMCON https://doi.org/10.1109/UEMCON.2017.8249077 conf/uemcom/2017 db/conf/uemcom/uemcom2017.html#AlotaibiA17 Sultan Alotaibi Robert Akl Dynamic Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) scheme for two-tier network in LTE. 408-413 2017 UEMCON https://doi.org/10.1109/UEMCON.2017.8249098 conf/uemcom/2017 db/conf/uemcom/uemcom2017.html#AlotaibiA17a Uttara Sawant Robert Akl Evaluation of adaptive and non adaptive LTE Fractional Frequency Reuse mechanisms. 1-6 2017 WOCC https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCC.2017.7928998 conf/wocc/2017 db/conf/wocc/wocc2017.html#SawantA17 Uttara Sawant Robert Akl A novel metric to study the performance of sectorized fractional frequency reuse techniques in LTE. 1-7 2017 WTS https://doi.org/10.1109/WTS.2017.7943553 conf/wts/2017 db/conf/wts/wts2017.html#SawantA17

Mohamad Haidar Hussain M. Al-Rizzo Yupo Chan Robert Akl User-Based Channel Assignment Algorithm in a Load-Balanced IEEE 802.11 WLAN. 66-81 2009 1 Int. J. Interdiscip. Telecommun. Netw. 2 https://doi.org/10.4018/jitn.2009040105 db/journals/ijitn/ijitn1.html#HaidarACA09

Robert Akl Priyanka Kadiyala Mohamad Haidar Nonuniform Grid-Based Coordinated Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks. 491349:1-491349:11 2009 2009 J. Sensors https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/491349 https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q58648775 db/journals/js/js2009.html#AklKH09

Krishna M. Kavi Robert Akl Ali R. Hurson Real-Time Systems: An Introduction and the State-of-the-Art. 2008 Wiley Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Engineering https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470050118.ecse344 reference/wiley/2008 db/reference/wiley/wiley2008.html#KaviAH08

Wenming Li Krishna M. Kavi Robert Akl A non-preemptive scheduling algorithm for soft real-time systems. 12-29 2007 33 Comput. Electr. Eng. 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2006.04.002 db/journals/cee/cee33.html#LiKA07

Robert Akl Uttara Sawant Grid-based Coordinated Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks. 860-864 2007 CCNC https://doi.org/10.1109/CCNC.2007.174 conf/ccnc/2007 db/conf/ccnc/ccnc2007.html#AklS07 Ram Dantu Prakash Kolan Robert Akl Kall Loper Classification of Attributes and Behavior in Risk Management Using Bayesian Networks. 71-74 2007 conf/isi/2007 ISI https://doi.org/10.1109/ISI.2007.379536 db/conf/isi/isi2007.html#DantuKAL07 Robert Akl Yanos Saravanos Hybrid Energy-Aware Synchronization Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks. 1-5 2007 PIMRC https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC.2007.4394371 conf/pimrc/2007 db/conf/pimrc/pimrc2007.html#AklS07 Mohamad Haidar Robert Akl Hussain M. Al-Rizzo Yupo Chan Channel Assignment and Load Distribution in a Power-Managed Wlan. 1-5 2007 PIMRC https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC.2007.4394370 conf/pimrc/2007 db/conf/pimrc/pimrc2007.html#HaidarAAC07

Robert Akl Son Nguyen UMTS Capacity and Throughput Maximization for Different Spreading Factors. 40-49 2006 1 J. Networks 3 https://doi.org/10.4304/jnw.1.3.40-49 db/journals/jnw/jnw1.html#AklN06

Peng Chen 0012 Krishna M. Kavi Robert Akl Performance Enhancement by Eliminating Redundant Function Execution. 143-151 2006 conf/anss/2006 Annual Simulation Symposium https://doi.org/10.1109/ANSS.2006.34 https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/ANSS.2006.34 db/conf/anss/anss2006.html#ChenKA06 Robert Akl Son Nguyen Capacity allocation in multi-cell umts networks for different spreading factors with perfect and imperfect power control. 928-932 2006 CCNC https://doi.org/10.1109/CCNC.2006.1593174 conf/ccnc/2006 db/conf/ccnc/ccnc2006.html#AklN06 Robert Akl Anurag Arepally Simulation of Throughput in UMTS Networks with Different Spreading Factors. 1-5 2006 conf/vtc/2006f VTC Fall https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCF.2006.436 db/conf/vtc/vtc2006f.html#AklA06 Robert Akl Dinesh Tummala Xinrong Li Indoor Propagation Modeling at 2.4 GHz for IEEE 802.11 Networks. 2006 conf/woc/2006 Wireless and Optical Communications db/conf/woc/woc2006.html#AklTL06

Robert Akl Manju V. Hegde Mort Naraghi-Pour Mobility-based CAC algorithm for arbitrary call-arrival rates in CDMA cellular systems. 639-651 2005 54 IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2004.841559 db/journals/tvt/tvt54.html#AklHN05

Wenming Li Krishna M. Kavi Robert Akl An Efficient Non-Preemptive Real-Time Scheduling. 154-160 2005 conf/ISCApdcs/2005 PDCS db/conf/ISCApdcs/ISCApdcs2005.html#LiKA05 Robert Akl Mort Naraghi-Pour Manju V. Hegde Throughput optimization in multi-cell CDMA networks. 1292-1297 2005 WCNC https://doi.org/10.1109/WCNC.2005.1424703 conf/wcnc/2005 db/conf/wcnc/wcnc2005.html#AklNH05

Robert Akl Manju V. Hegde Mort Naraghi-Pour Paul S. Min Multicell CDMA network design. 711-722 2001 50 IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/25.933307 db/journals/tvt/tvt50.html#AklHNM01

Robert Akl Manju V. Hegde Mort Naraghi-Pour Paul S. Min Call admission control scheme for arbitrary traffic distribution in CDMA cellular systems. 465-470 2000 WCNC https://doi.org/10.1109/WCNC.2000.904677 conf/wcnc/2000 db/conf/wcnc/wcnc2000.html#AklHNM00 Robert Akl Manju V. Hegde Paul S. Min Effects of call arrival rate and mobility on network throughput in multi-cell CDMA. 1763-1767 1999 ICC https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.1999.765548 conf/icc/1999 db/conf/icc/icc1999.html#AklHM99 Robert Akl Manju V. Hegde Mort Naraghi-Pour Paul S. Min Cell placement in a CDMA network. 903-907 1999 WCNC https://doi.org/10.1109/WCNC.1999.796802 conf/wcnc/1999 db/conf/wcnc/wcnc1999.html#AklHNM99 Hussain M. Al-Rizzo Sultan Alotaibi Anurag Arepally Yupo Chan Robin Chataut Peng Chen 0012 Ram Dantu Utpal Kumar Dey Adegboyega D. During Mohamad Haidar Manju V. Hegde Ali R. Hurson Chidimma Judith Ihejirika Priyanka Kadiyala Krishna M. Kavi Prakash Kolan Wenming Li Xinrong Li Kall Loper Paul S. Min Mary Nankya Mort Naraghi-Pour Son Nguyen Stephen Nonye Offor Habeeb Oladipupo Alex Phoummalayvane Mohammadreza Robaei Yanos Saravanos Uttara Sawant Dinesh Tummala Yusuf Usman