Amin Ullah Saddam Hussain Khan Irfan Ullah 0001 Tariq Mahmood 0001 Samra Nawazish Zafar Ali Amjad Rehman Toward sustainable smart cities: applications, challenges, and future directions. 6227-6247 2025 November 20 Int. J. Data Sci. Anal. 7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41060-025-00856-2 db/journals/ijdsa/ijdsa20.html#UllahKUMNAR25 streams/journals/ijdsa