Class AB and driver amplifiers
Willy Sansen
KULeuven, ESAT-MICAS Leuven, Belgium
[Link]@[Link]
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Outline
Problems of class AB drivers Cross-coupled quads Adaptive biasing IQ control with translinear circuits, etc. Current feedback and other principles Low-Voltage realizations
Ref.: W. Sansen : Analog Design Essentials, Springer 2006
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CMOS Output stage problem
3V In Out IB = 0.1 mA Low power consumption: if IB = 0.1 mA : Vout, peak = 5 mVpeak RL = 50 For Vout, peak = 1 Vpeak : IB = 20 mA High power consumption !
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Imax < IB VOut = VIn-VGS
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CMOS Output stages
In Out IB In
+ -
Out In
+ -
Out
Imax < IB VOut = VIn-VGS
Push-Pull Vout,max = VDD-2VGS
Amplifier Rail-to-rail
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Class A, AB, B, etc
Vout
Imax
Vout
Vout
IB
t
IB
IB
IB > Imax Class A High power !
IB < Imax Class AB
IB = 0 Class B Distortion !
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Requirements class -AB stages Rail-to-rail output swing Accurate control of quiescent current IQ Must be low Independent of supply voltage More than linear ! Large drive capability Imax/IQ Imax Small area
IQ 0 VINQ VDD
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VIN
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Class -AB stages
Iout/IQ Class AB diff stage : more than linear ! expanding ! Conventional diff. Stage : limiter ! Vin/(VGS-VT)
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Simple CMOS class-AB amplifier
VDD
M2
iC iC2 vout iL IC2 IC1
vin
M1
iC1
CL
IQ
0 0
iL
VDD 2 VDD
vin
iL = iC2 - iC1
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Outline
Problems of class AB drivers Cross-coupled quads Adaptive biasing IQ control with translinear circuits, etc. Current feedback and other principles Low-Voltage realizations
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Cross-coupled quad
V+
V+
V-
V-
V+
V-
V+ Iout
IB Two super-followers
IB
Vout
Ref. Castello, JSSC Dec.85, 1122-1132
Ref. Castello, JSSC Dec.85, 1122-1132
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Other cross-coupled quads
vin
-vin
vin
-vin
vin -vin IB IB IB IB
Bipolar Ref. Hearn, JSSC Febr.71
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Class AB Input structures
GBW = SR
gm1 2 CL
Ref. Halonen, 1987
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Class AB fully differential amplifier
[Link], JSSC Dec.85, 1103-1113
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Double-Push
Vin
Vin
Ref. Fischer, JSSC June 87, 330-340
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Double-Push amp (Fischer)
z z z
Ref. Fischer, JSSC June 87, 330-340
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Outline
Problems of class AB drivers Cross-coupled quads Adaptive biasing IQ control with translinear circuits, etc. Current feedback and other principles Low-Voltage realizations
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Adaptive Biasing Amplifier
I1
z
A(I1-I2) I1 I2
IB
A:1
Ref. Degrauwe, JSSC June 82, 522-528
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Adaptive Biasing Amplifier : biasing current
IBtot
BI2 BI1
BIp
Vin
Ref. Degrauwe, JSSC June 82, 522-528
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Adaptive Bias Amplifier: transfer curve
If A.mis18-19 1
UN-stable
e.g. if mismatch = 10%
A << 10
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Outline
Problems of class AB drivers Cross-coupled quads Adaptive biasing IQ control with translinear circuits, etc. Current feedback and other principles Low-Voltage realizations
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Quiescent current control with translinear loop
Translinear loop : VGS2 + VGS4 = VGS9 + VGS10 VGS2 - VT = IDS2
4 A W/L4 = 2 W/L9 & W/L2 = 70.8 W/L9 IDS2 473 A
since IDS9 4 A
IDS2 Kp W/L2 =2 IDS9 W/L9 )2 118
4 A
W/L2 IDS2 IDS9
IDS4 W/L4 W/L2 W/L9
(2 -
1 2
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Ref. : Wu etal, JSSC Jan.1994, pp.63-66
z
gm1vin
14 MHz / 11pF
z
gm3vin
5.6 MHz / 100pF 4 V/s
36 nV/ Hz 5V 0.4 mA
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Output stage : gain
Rin iin iin iin iin Rin iin vin Z iin vin Rin Rin RL vout
iin = gm1 v+vin iin = Rin
vout vin
= 2gmA1RL
Av = 2gm1RingmA1RL
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Class AB amplifier with translinear loop
6.4 MHz / 10 pF
z z
6.4 V/s
z
31 nV/ Hz 3.3 V 0.18 mA 3 mApk
Ref. Hogervorst, JSSC Dec 94, 1504-1512
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Class-AB Opamp with voltage multiplier
Vddx - Vdd 1 V
1.8 - 3.3 V 0.75 mA 6.5 MHz On 3 V : 2.8 Vptpt THD :
z= V
dd/2
-90 dB /10k -81 dB/32 0.5 m CMOS
Duisters, .., JSSC July 98,pp.947-955
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Three-stage Modified Current Mirror
z z z z
1st stage 2nd stage
z
3rd stage
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Pardoen, .., JSSC April 90, 501-504
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Translinear IQ Control
vin
M12 off !
Minimum current
-vin
Ref. Op t Eynde, JSSC Febr.90, 265-273
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Translinear IQ Control
z z z z
IN+ INRef. Op t Eynde, JSSC Febr.90, 265-273
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3 stage Class-AB Amplifier IQ control
1228
Class-AB amplifier with differential drive
z z z
Ref. Babanezhad, JSSC Dec.88, 1414-1417
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Differentially driven stage
1 : 10
z z z
Rail-to-rail input CMFB + IQ
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Class-AB amplifier with high linearity
M54 M57 M56 M55 M53 M58
IB2
M51
M52
IB1
Ref. Khorramabadi, JSSC April 92, 539-544
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Class-AB amplifier with high linearity
Ref. Khorramabadi, JSSC April 92, 539-544
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Three-stage class AB amplifier with FF
2 1
Protection : Z1, Z2, Q23, M25, M36, M37, M38
Ref. Monticelli JSSC Dec.86, 1026-1034
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Outline
Problems of class AB drivers Cross-coupled quads Adaptive biasing IQ control with translinear circuits, etc. Current feedback and other principles Low-Voltage realizations
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Current feedback
Folded Cascode OTA
Current Feedback
Ref. Callewaert, JSSC June 90, 684-691
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Two-stage Miller Amplifier with current FB
4 current feedback stages 2 stage Miller amplifier
Ref. Callewaert, JSSC June 90, 684-691
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Low-distortion symmetrical class-AB amplifier
z z
Class-AB source foll. In parallel with Class-AB power amp.
Ref. Saether, JSSC Febr.96, 255-258
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Outline
Problems of class AB drivers Cross-coupled quads Adaptive biasing IQ control with translinear circuits, etc. Current feedback and other principles Low-Voltage realizations
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1.5 Vsupply voltage class-AB amp.
6 A 5 A 5 A 1 : 8 40 A
20 A
Zero
1.5 V 90 A 1 MHz/150 pF
Ref. Van Dongen, JSSC Dec.95, 1333-1337
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1.5 V class AB driver principle
Maximum voltage swing on A & B:
0.2 For larger : - less gain (more current) - more mismatch and distortion 120
You, etal, JSSC June 98, pp. 915-920
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1.5 V class AB driver opamp
z z
IQ = 300 A
100 pF // 200
Two stage Miller compensation
You, etal, JSSC June 98, pp. 915-920
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BiCMOS low-voltage opamp
12 MHz 2.1 mA
3.2 nVRMS/Hz
Vittoz, JSSC June 83, pp. 273-279 Holman, JSSC June 95, pp. 710-714
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Current differential amplifier for < 1V
VDD = 1 V M1 0.85 V M3 0.15 V M2 0.85 V M4
iout = IB + i1 - i2
VGS = 0.85 V VDSsat = 0.15 V
0V
i1
0.15 V
i2 IB iout
VSS = 0 V
Voutmax = 0.7 V
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Class AB differential Voltage amplifier
M3 Vin2 Vin1 M1 M2 Vin2 M4
M2 is source follower
iout
VGS1 = Vin1 - Vin2 IB1 IB2 iout ~ (Vin1 - Vin2)2 >>> Class AB
Ref. Peluso, JSSC Dec.98, 1887-1897
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Differential class-AB OTA on 1 V supply voltage
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Class-AB characteristic
Larger input W/L
Larger current source W/L
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Low-voltage Class AB amplifiers
M3 Vin2 Vin1 M1 M2 Vin2 iout Vin1 M4 M3 Vin2 M1 M2 Vin2 iout M4
IB1
IB2
M2 is source follower 7 trans. carry current VGS + 2VDSsat
IB2
M2 is source follower 3 trans. carry current VGS + VDSsat
Ref. Peluso, JSSC Dec.98, 1887-1897
Ref. Callewaert, JSSC June 90, 684-691
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Conclusions
Problems of class AB drivers Cross-coupled quads Adaptive biasing IQ control with translinear circuits, etc. Current feedback and other principles Low-Voltage realizations
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Reference list - 1
[Link], "A rail-to-rail CMOS opamp", IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-23, pp. 1414-1417, Dec.1988. K. Brehmer, B. Wieser, "Large swing CMOS power amplifier", IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-18, pp.624-629, Dec.1983. L. Callewaert and W. Sansen, "Class AB CMOS amplifiers with high efficiency", IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-25, pp. 684-691, June 1990. [Link], etal, A 3.3 V low-distortion ISDN line driver with a novel quiescent current control circuit, IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-33, pp. 1130-1133, July 1998. R. Castello, P. Gray, "A high-performance micropower switched-capacitor filter", IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-20, pp. 1122-1132, Dec.1985. [Link], [Link], [Link], [Link] Man, "Adaptive biasing CMOS amplifiers" IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-17, pp. 522-528, June 1982. de Langen K., G. Eschauzier, G. van Dijk, J. Huijsing, "A 1-GHz bipolar class-AB operational amplifier with multipath nested Miller compensation for 76-dB gain", IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-32, pp. 488-498, April 1997. J. Fischer, R. Koch, "A highly linear CMOS buffer amplifier", IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-22, pp. 330-334, June 1987.
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Reference list - 2
[Link] "Low-power high-performance switched-capacitor circuits for data-acquisition systems", PhD KULeuven, October 1987. R. Hogervorst, etal, "A compact power-efficient 3V CMOS rail-to-rail input/output operational amplifier for VLSI cell libraries", IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-29, pp. 1504-1512, Dec.1994. [Link], [Link], "A compact low noise operational amplifier for a 1.2 micron digital CMOS technology", IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-30, pp. 710-714, June 1995. J. Huijsing, D. Linebarger, "Low-voltage operational amplifier with rail-to-rail input and output ranges", IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-20, pp. 1144-1150, Dec.1985. [Link], [Link], A high slew-rate CMOS amplifier for analog signal processing, IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-25, pp. 885-889, June 1990. [Link], R. Meyer, "Low-distortion switched-capacitor filter design techniques", IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-20, pp. 1103-1113, Dec.1985. D. Monticelli, "A quad CMOS single-supply op amp with rail-to-rail output swing", IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-21, pp. 1026-1034, Dec.1986. F. Op't Eynde, P. Ampe, L. Verdeyen and W. Sansen, "A CMOS large-swing low-distortion three-stage class AB power amplifier", IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-25, pp. 265273, Febr.1990. Willy Sansen
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Reference list - 3
M. Pardoen, [Link], "A rail-to-rail input/output CMOS power amplifier", IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-25, pp. 501-504, April 1990. V. Peluso, etal, A 900 mV low-power Delta-Sigma AD Converter with 77-dB dynamic range IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-33, pp. 1887-1897, Dec.1998. [Link] etal, "High-speed, high-linearity CMOS buffer amplifier", IEEE Journal SolidState Circuits, Vol. SC-31, pp. 255-258, Febr.1996. E. Seevinck etal "Low-distortion output stage for power amplifiers", IEEE Journal SolidState Circuits, Vol. SC-23 pp. 794-801, June 1988. [Link], [Link], A high-dynamic range CMOS opamp with low-distortion output structure, IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-22 pp. 1204-1207, Dec.1987. R. Van Dongen, V. Rikkink, "A 1.5 V Class AB CMOS buffer amplifier for driving lowresistance loads", IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-30, pp. 1333-1337, Dec.1995. [Link], etal, "Digital-compatible high-performance operational amplifier with rail-to-rail input and output ranges", IEEE Journal Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-29, pp. 63-66, Jan.1994 F. You, S.H.K. Embabi and E. Sanchez-Sinencio. "Low-voltage class AB buffers with quiescent current control." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits , Vol SC-33, pp. 915920, June 1998.
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