And the Glory of the Lord And the Glory of the Lord And the Glory of the Lord

Handel Handel Handel

Melody: Tonality: Harmony:

•
Four melodic ideas
• Major keys throughout • Diatonic
• Repetitive
• A major- at start and at end • Root and 1st inversions
• Use of sequences
• Dominant (E) • Fast rate of change
• Moves between parts (voice parts,
• Dominant of dominant (B) • Perfect, imperfect and plagal cadences
instruments)

And the Glory of the Lord And the Glory of the Lord And the Glory of the Lord
Handel Handel Handel

Rhythm, metre & tempo:

Dynamics: Instruments & Voices:
• 3/4
• Hemiola • Most instruments play the same as voices
• Sparse dynamics (P and F)
• Longer notes in idea 4 • Strings double voices
• No graduations (e.g. No crescendo)
• Instruments in octaves
 Symphony No.40 in G Minor
And the Glory of the Lord And the Glory of the Lord
Handel Handel Mozart

Texture: Structure: Melody:

• Homophonic and polyphonic • 4 or 8 bar phrases

• Chorus
• Imitation • Mostly in strings
• Ideas overlap
• Lots of ideas combine • Use of Sequence
• 3 beat rest, IV- I cadence (plagal)
• Doubling of voices

Symphony No.40 in G Minor Symphony No.40 in G Minor Symphony No.40 in G Minor

Mozart Mozart Mozart

Tonality: Harmony: Rhythm, metre & tempo:

• G minor • Often quavers • Molto allegro

• Relative major (Bb) • Use of pedal notes • Crochets and quavers
• Some chromaticism • Diatonic • Steady Tempo
• Circle of fifths
Symphony No.40 in G Minor Symphony No.40 in G Minor Symphony No.40 in G Minor
Mozart Mozart Mozart

Texture: Dynamics:
Structure:
• Mostly homophonic • 1st subject quiet
• Imitation in development • Sonata form • 2nd subject crescendos
• Octave doubling of parts • No introduction • Mostly loud of soft
• Dialogue, strings- wind • No diminuendos

Symphony No.40 in G Minor Raindrop Prelude Raindrop Prelude

Mozart Chopin Chopin

Instruments & Voices: Melody: Tonality:

•
No trumpets or timpani • Right hand= cantabile melody
• Db major/ C#
• Horns- pedals, harmonies • Ornaments
• Dominant pedal
• Wind play link phrases • Repetition
• Modulates to dominant and relative minor
• Bassoons often double basses • Melody moves right hand left hand
 Raindrop Prelude Raindrop Prelude Raindrop Prelude
Chopin Chopin Chopin

Harmony: Rhythm, metre & tempo: Dynamics:

• Dominant pedal • Syncopated/ dotted notes • Graduations of dynamics
• Some extended chords • Rubato
• Careful and precise
• Diatonic • Simple note values in the left hand

Raindrop Prelude Raindrop Prelude Raindrop Prelude

Chopin Chopin Chopin

Instruments & Voices: Texture: Structure:

• Middle range of piano (A) • Homophonic • Ternary form

• Bass register (B) • 2 monophonic bars at coda • Coda
• Not virtuosic • Middle section thicker • B moves to tonic minor
• Use of pedals on piano • Up to 6 notes together • A & B have section note
 Peripetie Peripetie Peripetie
Schoenberg Schoenberg Schoenberg

Melody:
Tonality: Harmony:
• Angular/ dissonant leaps
• Gentle, lyrical lines • Atonal • Dissonant/ chromatic
• Fragmented • Built on hexachords • Uses hexachords
• Principle voice

Peripetie Peripetie Peripetie

Schoenberg Schoenberg Schoenberg

Rhythm, metre & tempo:

Dynamics: Instruments & Voices:
•A starts ‘sehr rasch’
• Sextuplet/ triplet rhythms • Klangfarbenmelodie
• Loud to very loud (fff)
• Fast to calm ideas • Large orchestra
• Changes quickly/ often
• Rubato- slowing down • Constant shifting of instruments
• Creates stark contrasts
• Use of mutes
 Peripetie Peripetie Electric Counterpoint
Schoenberg Schoenberg Steve Reich

Texture:
Structure: Melody:
• Starts with full orchestra
• Constantly changing • Free rondo • Resultant melodies
• Complex • 5 sections • Additive melody
• Full and extreme ranges

Electric Counterpoint Electric Counterpoint Electric Counterpoint

Steve Reich Steve Reich Steve Reich

Tonality: Harmony: Rhythm, metre & tempo:

• 3/2 –clear triple metre

•
E minor • Based on ostinati/ loops • Rhythmic counterpoint
• Ambiguous • Diatonic
• 12/8 in some of section B
• Changes to C minor • Complex chords
• Quavers
• Modal (Aeolian)
Electric Counterpoint Electric Counterpoint Electric Counterpoint
Steve Reich Steve Reich Steve Reich

Instruments & Voices: Texture:

Dynamics:
• Live guitar • Built gradually
• Detailed • 7 recorded guitars •Polyphonic, complex
• Graduations • 2 basses • 4 part canon at end
• Chords and melody • Rhythmic counterpoint

Electric Counterpoint Electric Counterpoint Something’s Coming

Steve Reich Steve Reich Bernstein

Structure: Use of Technology: Tonality:

• A 1,2,3,4 • D major
• Recorded guitar parts
• B 1,2,3,4 • 2 sections in C major
• Panned left and right
• Coda • Right hand and left hand  different keys
Something’s Coming Something’s Coming Something’s Coming
Bernstein Bernstein Bernstein

Harmony: Rhythm, metre & tempo: Dynamics:

• Use of blue notes
• Fast 2/4 and 3/4 • Dynamics for mood
• Extended chords
• Syncopation • Graduations
• Bass riffs
• Push rhythms • Sudden changes
• Jazz-inspired

Something’s Coming Something’s Coming Something’s Coming

Bernstein Bernstein Bernstein

Instruments & Voices: Texture: Melody:

• Vocal
• Tenor voice and band • Melody and accompaniment
• Use of tri-tones
• Pizz strings, muted brass • Riffs in left hand throughout
• Mostly syllabic
Something’s Coming All Blues All Blues
Bernstein Miles Davis Miles Davis

Melody: Harmony:
Structure:
• Played by frontline • Based on 12 bar form
• Improvised solos • Altered chords
• Intro, A, B, B1, A1, outro
• Use of riffs • Use of blue notes

All Blues All Blues All Blues

Miles Davis Miles Davis Miles Davis

Texture:
Dynamics:
• Changes with solos Tonality:
• Lots of < and >
• Rhythm section starts • G modal
• Lots of F and some P
• Saxes then trumpet enters
 All Blues All Blues All Blues
Miles Davis Miles Davis Miles Davis

Instruments & Voices: Structure:

Rhythm, Metre and Tempo:
• Trumpet, Alto sax, Tenor sax, drum, • Head arrangement
• 6/4
• Improvisation/ solos • Variations on the 12 bar
• Swung
• Frontline melody • Intro and coda
• Jazz Waltz
• Muted trumpet, drum brushes • Four bar riffs

Grace Grace Grace

Jeff Buckley Jeff Buckley Jeff Buckley

Tonality: Harmony:
Melody:
• E minor • Some root position triads
• Occasional grace notes
• Intro F minor then D major • Chromatic progressions
• Most phrases fall in pitch
• Ambiguous • Extended chords
• Often melodic slides
• Drop D tuning • Chords and arpeggios
 Grace Grace Grace
Jeff Buckley Jeff Buckley Jeff Buckley

Rhythm, Metre and Tempo:

Dynamics: Instruments & Voices: • Compound quadruple
• None given • Voice, mainly syllabic • Semiquavers in guitar pace
• Changes with texture • Guitars, bass, drums, strings • Syncopation
• Steady tempo

Grace Grace Grace

Jeff Buckley Jeff Buckley Jeff Buckley

Use of technology:
Texture:
Structure: • Synthesiser
• Changes
• Intro, verse, chorus, verse • Over-dubbed
• Becomes very full at end
• Delay and EQ
 Bad? Bad? Bad?
Why does my Heart Feel so Why does my Heart Feel so Why does my Heart Feel so
Moby Moby Moby

Harmony:
Tonality:
Melody: • Root position triads
• Diatonic
• Sampled vocals • Limited chords used
• A minor (Dorian mode)
• 2 main melodies • Chord progression: 8 bar
• No clear modulation
• Some sustained chords

Bad? Bad? Bad?

Why does my Heart Feel so Why does my Heart Feel so Why does my Heart Feel so
Moby Moby Moby

Rhythm, Metre and Tempo:

Instruments & Voices:
Dynamics: • Quadruple 4/4
• All synthesised/ sample
• No dynamics indicated • Not clear at the start
• Drum machine
• Changes with texture • Syncopated melody
• Vocal sample ‘messy’
• 98 bpm
 Bad? Bad? Bad?
Why does my Heart Feel so Why does my Heart Feel so Why does my Heart Feel so
Moby Moby Moby

Texture: Use of technology:

• Builds gradually intro- vI Structure: • Synthesiser
• Thins for 2nd chorus • Intro, verse, chorus, verse, chorus, verse • Samples/ uses sampler
• Final verse very thin • Delay, EQ and delay

Skye Waulking Song Skye Waulking Song Skye Waulking Song

Capercaillie Capercaillie Capercaillie

Melody: Tonality: Harmony:

• Often improvised • Strummed chords

• E minor pentatonic
• Vocal • 4 Chords
• G major pentatonic
• Instruments play countermelody • Infrequent changes
 Skye Waulking Song Skye Waulking Song Skye Waulking Song
Capercaillie Capercaillie Capercaillie

Instruments & Voices:

Rhythm, metre & tempo: Dynamics:
•
Modern and folk
• Ambiguous 6/8 or 12/8 • Changes with texture • Accordion, piano, synth
• Becomes clearly 12/8 • Long fade out at end • Flute, whistle, pipes
• Guitar, fiddle, bouzouki, drum

Skye Waulking Song Skye Waulking Song Skye Waulking Song

Capercaillie Capercaillie Capercaillie

Texture: Structure: Use of Technology:

• Heterophonic • 8 verses
• Use of synthesisers.
• Complex counterpoint • Intro, outro and breaks
 Yiri Yiri Yiri
Koko Koko Koko

Melody: Harmony:
Tonality:
• Often improvised
• Octaves and fifths
• Vocals and balafons • Gb major
• Often unison
• Repetition/ ostinati

Yiri Yiri Yiri

Koko Koko Koko

Rhythm, metre & tempo:

Instruments & Voices:
• Syncopation
Dynamics:
• Cross and polyrhythms • Voices
• Constant tempo • Largely unvaried • Balafons
• Donno, dundun, djembe
 Steve Gorn
Yiri Yiri Benjy Wertmeiner/ 3.
Koko Koko Chiranji Lal Tanwar 2.
Anoushka Shankar 1.
Rag Desh

Texture: Melody:
Structure:
• Mostly improvised
• Monophonic
• 1- sitar
• Polyphonic • Call and response
• 2-voice
• Heterophonic
• 3-bansuri

Steve Gorn Steve Gorn Steve Gorn

Benjy Wertmeiner/ 3. Benjy Wertmeiner/ 3. Benjy Wertmeiner/ 3.
Chiranji Lal Tanwar 2. Chiranji Lal Tanwar 2. Chiranji Lal Tanwar 2.
Anoushka Shankar 1. Anoushka Shankar 1. Anoushka Shankar 1.
Rag Desh Rag Desh Rag Desh

Rhythm, metre & tempo:

Tonality: Harmony:
• 1- Jhaptal (10beats)
• Use of drone notes • 2- Keherwa (8beats)
• Based on notes of rag
• No harmony or chords • 3- Rupak Tal (7beats)
• Not major/ minor
• Tempo changes- structure
 Uses pre-composed ideas •
Alap, jhor, jhalla, gat •
Structure:
Rag Desh
1. Anoushka Shankar
2. Chiranji Lal Tanwar
3. Benjy Wertmeiner/
Steve Gorn
Then melody with drone • Solos/ improvisations •
Changes with texture •
• Monophonic Often 2 instruments •
Texture: Instruments & Voices: Dynamics:
Rag Desh Rag Desh Rag Desh
1. Anoushka Shankar 1. Anoushka Shankar 1. Anoushka Shankar
2. Chiranji Lal Tanwar 2. Chiranji Lal Tanwar 2. Chiranji Lal Tanwar
3. Benjy Wertmeiner/ 3. Benjy Wertmeiner/ 3. Benjy Wertmeiner/
Steve Gorn Steve Gorn Steve Gorn