TI2122 – Komputasi Awan
Cloud Computing Fundamentals
Cloud Computing Introduction
Strata - 1
Teknik Informatika
Overview
In today’s rapidly evolving digital landscape, cloud computing has
emerged as a cornerstone of modern technology. It revolutionizes the
way organizations store, manage, and process data by offering scalable,
on-demand resources over the internet.
Cloud computing represents a paradigm shift in how we approach
computing resources and services. This introduction will explore the
fundamental principles of cloud computing, highlighting its significance
in today’s digital era, the benefits it offers over traditional computing
models, and its transformative impact on businesses and individuals alike.
Objectives - Cloud Computing Introduction
1. Explore Cloud Computing
2. Compare and contrast physical, virtual, and cloud architecture
3. Differentiate IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS
4. Be introduced to Google Cloud Compute, storage, big data, and ML
services
5. Examine The Google Network and how it powers cloud computing
Contents
1.1.1. Cloud Computing Definition
1.1.2. Cloud vs Traditional Arch
1.1.3. Types of Cloud
1.1.4. Google Cloud Architecture
1.1.1. Cloud Computing Definition
What is cloud computing?
Traditionally, businesses and organizations have depended on their own data centers, which are
equipped with servers, storage systems, and networking hardware.
This approach involves managing physical infrastructure
Cloud computing providing providing on-demand computing resources over the internet.
Instead of purchasing hardware, you can rent computing power, storage, and networking
capabilities
1.1.1. Cloud Computing Definition
A Definition of Cloud Computing
"Cloud Computing is A model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access
to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage,
applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal
management effort or service provider interaction"
1.1.1. Cloud Computing Definition
Virtualization
Cloud computing relies on virtualization technology, which comes in two basic forms:
Application Virtualization
1.1.1. Cloud Computing Definition
Difference Between Virtualization and Cloud Computing
While virtualization enables some cloud features, true cloud computing involves additional
components :
• On-Demand Self-Service: Users can provision resources independently.
• Rapid Elasticity: Resources can scale up or down dynamically.
• Measured Service Provision: Usage is tracked, and billing is based on actual consumption.
To create a cloud service, consider standardizing offerings, providing simple portals, ensuring
security, and implementing reporting and billing mechanisms.
1.1.1. Cloud Computing Definition
Cloud Services
Imagine you need your financial accounts managed, so you hire an accountancy firm. You
consider:
• Integrity and Reputation: Accurate accounts without compromising privacy.
• Promptness and Tax Benefits: Timely preparation and tax-saving strategies.
• Costs: Reasonable fees for services.
You don’t care about the firm’s internal details—like the number of employees or the software
they use. Instead, you focus on the service and benefits provided, formalized through a service
level agreement (SLA).
1.1.1. Cloud Computing Definition
Cloud Services
Applying This to IT:
What Is a Service?
• Interconnected systems, components, and resources delivering value.
• Value assessed by cost and SLA, which defines delivery speed, quality, and scope.
• Internal consumers (e.g., a marketing department) use an operational level agreement (OLA).
Cloud Services:
• Implementation of business processes using functional components and resources.
• Provides tangible business value, focusing on benefits rather than internal details.
Monitoring Performance:
• Firms set internal metrics (e.g., completing an audit in three days) to meet SLAs.
• These metrics, known as service level objectives (SLOs), ensure compliance.
• In IT, SLOs include uptime, throughput, resource capacity, response time, and delivery time.
1.1.2. Cloud vs Traditional Arch
Cloud Computing
Definition: Cloud computing combines configurable system resources and advanced services, delivered
rapidly over the internet.
Advantages:
o Scalability: Easily scale computing resources up or down without additional hardware
management.
o Cost Savings: Eliminate costly on-premises infrastructure (hardware, software, maintenance).
o Accessibility: Work from anywhere with an internet connection.
o Reliability: High uptime and redundancy even during hardware failures.
o Flexibility: Tailor deployment options (public, private, hybrid) to organizational needs.
Disadvantages:
o Security Concerns: Sharing sensitive data with third-party providers raises security and privacy
issues.
o Dependence: Vulnerability to service disruptions or data loss from provider outages.
o Internet Dependency: Reliable and fast internet connection required.
o Limited Control: Less control over infrastructure customization.
1.1.2. Cloud vs Traditional Arch
Traditional Computing
Definition: Traditional computing relies on physical data centers for storing assets and
running networking systems.
• Advantages:
o Control and Security: Organizations have direct control over their infrastructure.
• Challenges:
o Costs: Upfront hardware investments and maintenance expenses.
o Location Dependency: Limited access to data centers.
o Complexity: Managing hardware, software, and updates.
1.1.3. Types of Cloud
Cloud classification is mainly based on the cloud’s operating mode and
service mode.
The former category is concerned with who owns the cloud platform,
who is operating the cloud platform, and who can use the cloud
platform.
From this perspective, clouds can be divided into public clouds, private
clouds (or dedicated clouds), community clouds, hybrid clouds, and
industry clouds.
1.1.3. Types of Cloud
Classification by Operating Model
1. Public Cloud 2. Private Cloud
Public cloud is a type of cloud environment Compared with public clouds, users of
that can be publicly accessed, usually private clouds own the entire cloud center
owned by a third-party cloud service facility, can control where program run and
provider. It is called public cloud because it can decide which users are allowed to use
can be accessed by the unrestricted public. cloud services.
1.1.3. Types of Cloud
Classification by Operating Model
3. Community Cloud 4. Hybrid Cloud
Community cloud generally belongs to a Hybrid cloud combines “public cloud” and
certain enterprise group, institution “private cloud” together. Users can partly
alliance or industry association, and own and share partly with others in a
generally also serves the same group, controlled way.
alliance, or association.
1.1.3. Types of Cloud
Classification by Operating Model
5. Industry Cloud 6. Other Cloud types
The components used in the industry cloud according to whether the cloud is aimed at
ecological environment should be more individuals or enterprises, it can be divided
suitable for related industries, and the into consumer cloud and enterprise cloud.
software deployed on it is also industry The consumer cloud audience is the
software or its supporting software. general public or individuals, so it is also
called the public cloud.
1.1.3. Types of Cloud
Classification by Service Model
Infrastructure as a Service
IaaS provides IT infrastructure to users in the form of services like
water and electricity and provides highly scalable and on-demand IT
capabilities based on hardware resources such as servers and storage
in the form of services.
1.1.3. Types of Cloud
Classification by Service Model
Platform as a Service
PaaS is mainly for software developers. It used to be a difficult problem
for developers to write and run programs in a cloud computing
environment through the network. Under the premise of gradual
increase in network bandwidth, the emergence of two technologies
has solved this problem.
1.1.3. Types of Cloud
Classification by Service Model
Sofware as a Service
SaaS provided applications reduce the time for users to install and
maintain software and their skills requirements and can reduce
software license fees through pay-per-use.
1.1.4. Google Cloud Architecture
The OSI model consists of seven layers:
General Computer Architecture vs.
1. Physical Layer (Layer 1):
Cloud Architecture
o Transmission of raw streams of bits in a physical medium.
The OSI Model: Layers of General 2. Data Link Layer (Layer 2):
Computer Architecture o Establishes the connection between two nodes.
3. Network Layer (Layer 3):
In technology, the concept of layers is
o Provides the functionality to transfer data sequences.
crucial. It provides an abstraction that, 4. Transport Layer (Layer 4):
while not physically tangible, helps o Controls and maintains the quality of a connection.
encapsulate functionality into 5. Session Layer (Layer 5):
manageable segments. A prime o Manages the exchange of data in a session between two
example is the Open Systems computers.
Interconnection (OSI) model, which is 6. Presentation Layer (Layer 6):
used as a reference for communication o Maps data between the application layer and the underlying
layers.
over computer networks, including the 7. Application Layer (Layer 7):
cloud. o The layer closest to the end user, providing network services to
applications.
1.1.4. Google Cloud Architecture
A common way to conceptualize
General Computer Architecture cloud architecture is through the
vs. Cloud Architecture following layers:
Cloud Architecture: Layers of Cloud 1. Network: Connection of physical properties to other networks
Computing and the internal network of the data center.
2. Storage: Functionality necessary for storing data.
Cloud architecture builds on the 3. Servers: Machines with CPUs that process data.
communication layers of the OSI 4. Virtualization: Virtualization of machine resources.
model but lacks a universally 5. Operating System: The operating system offered to higher-level
shared standard defining functionality.
6. Middleware: Software providing functionality to applications
responsibilities and protocols for beyond the operating system.
different layers. 7. Runtime: Functionality to run a program.
8. Data: Representation of binary information in a format readable
by programs.
9. Applications: Programs that define functionality
1.1.4. Google Cloud Architecture
Google Cloud Platform Architecture
Public cloud services offer a variety of computing options. At one end of the
spectrum, customers can create and manage virtual machines (VMs)
themselves, providing the highest level of control over computing resources.
Google Cloud Platform (GCP) offers several key services in these categories.
Compute Engine is GCP’s IaaS product, enabling users to manage VMs with
flexibility. For PaaS, GCP provides App Engine and Cloud Functions, which
simplify application deployment and management. Additionally, Google
Kubernetes Engine (GKE) offers a managed service for container
orchestration, providing a popular alternative to managing individual VMs by
allowing users to manage containers within a cluster.
Discussion
