“STABILITY IMPROVEMENT OF POWER SYSTEM USING SVC”

A
Synopsis
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Degree of
DIPLOMA
In
ELECTRONICA & TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
(Batch 2019-22)

Submitted to
RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDHYALAYA, BHOPAL (M.P.)
Submitted by
MAHENDRA KHANDAGRE
Enrollment No-19183E03019

Under the Guidance of

Prof. Dheeraj Kumar

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICA & TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

NRI INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY,

BHOPAL (M.P.) -462021

2022
NRI INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY, BHOPAL (M.P.)-462021

i
 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICA & TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the work embodied in this Major Project entitled “STABILITY

IMPROVEMENT OF POWER SYSTEM USING SVC” being submitted by Mahendra

Khandagre (19183E03019) in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of

“Diploma in Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering” to Rajiv Gandhi

Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal (M.P.) is a record of bonafide piece of work, carried

out under our supervision and guidance in the Department of Electronics &

Telecommunication Engineering, NRI Institute of Research and Technology, Bhopal

(M.P.)

Guided by Forwarded by

(Prof. Dheeraj Kumar) (Prof. Santosh Kumar Dubey)

Department of Electronics & Head of Electronics & Telecommunication &
Telecommunication Engineering, NIRT, Bhopal Engineering
Department, NIRT, Bhopal

Approved By
Dr. P. K. Sharma
Principal NIRT, Bhopal

ii
 NRI INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY,
BHOPAL (M.P.)-462021
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg.

DECLARATION

I am Mahendra Khandagre, a student of “Diploma in Electronics & Telecommunication

Engineering’’ session: 2019-22, NRI Institute of Research & Technology, Bhopal (M. P.),
hereby declare that the work presented in this dissertation entitled “STABILITY
IMPROVEMENT OF POWER SYSTEM USING SVC” is the outcome of my own
bonafide work and is correct to the best of my knowledge and this work has been undertaken
taking care of Engineering Ethics. It contains no material previously published or written by
another person nor material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or
diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due
acknowledgment has been made in the text.

Mahendra Khandagre
Enrollment No.:19183E03019

Date… /… /…

iii
 NRI INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY,
BHOPAL (M.P.)-462021
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg.

APPROVAL CERTIFICATE

This dissertation work entitled “STABILITY IMPROVEMENT OF POWER SYSTEM

USING SVC” submitted by Mr. Mahendra Khandagre is approved for the award of
“Degree of Diploma in Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering”.

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Date………. Date………….

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

iv
Any assignment puts to litmus, test of individual’s knowledge, credibility or experience and
thus sole efforts of an individual are not sufficient to accomplish the desired task. Words shall
never be able to describe neither the spirit with which we worked together nor shall they ever
be able to express the feeling we felt towards our guides. Successful completion of a project
involves interests and efforts of many people so it becomes obligatory on our part to extend
our thanks to them.

I take this opportunity to thanks Prof. Dheeraj Kumar and Prof. Santosh Kumar Dubey
(HOD), NIRT Bhopal for accepting me to work under his valuable guidance, closely
supervising this work over the past few months and offering many innovative ideas and
helpful suggestions as and when required. His valuable advice and support, was an
inspiration and driving force for me. He has constantly enriched my raw ideas with his
experience and knowledge. Indeed it was a matter of great felicity to have worked under his
aegis.

I would like to give thanks to Dr. P. K. Sharma, Principal NIRT for his valuable guidance
and motivation.

I also wish to thanks my respected teachers of Electronics and Telecommunication, NIRT,

and for their constant support and guidance during my research work and I am also very
thankful Prof. Jitendra Shukla Lab In charge for supporting, guiding and giving his own
valuable time for the completion of this work and I extend my gratitude to all teachers of
department of Mechanical and colleagues and friends, who have always been by my side,
through thick and thin during these years and helped me in several ways.

Last but not least I’d like to thank “The Almighty God”, my Parents, my family and my
friends who directly or indirectly helped me in this endeavor.

MAHENDRA KHANDAGRE

(19183E03019)

v
 ABSTRACT

SVC, i.e. Static Var Compensator is a very powerful FACTS controller particularly designed
to retain rotor angle stability in a power system. In this work a two-machine synchronous
generator based interconnected system is considered. A contingency analysis is carried out
for faults in one of the feeders. The system considered has four buses, two generator buses
and two load buses. In one of the generator bus fault is created using three-phase fault block
available in MATLAB library. In the proposed work two Salient Pole Synchronous Machine
(SPSM) is considered to analyse the stability affect. The rating of SPSM is 1000MVA with
60 Hz frequency. A single-line to ground fault is created which results in voltage as well as
rotor angle instability. The system is analysed for without any compensation to restore system
stability. Hence after occurrence of fault system loses synchronism. To restore the system an
SVC is connected having 200MVA rated capacity at 60 Hz frequency. SVC restore stability
within 5 sec. after connection and clearance of fault. Results are presented for bus voltages,
line power, rotor angle, rotor speed and stator voltages of both the machines.

KEYWORDS; Contingency Analysis, Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS), Power

System Stabilizer, SPSM (Salient Pole Synchronous Machine), SRF (Synchronous Reference
Frame), IST (Impedance Stability Theory), SVC (Static Var Compensator).

vi
 CONTENTS

CHAP. TITLE OF CHAPTER/SECTION PAGE

NO. NO.
CERTIFICATE ii
DECLARATION iii
APPROVAL CERTIFICATE iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v
ABSTRACT vi
CONTENT vii-viii
LIST OF FIGURES ix-x
1 INTRODUCTION 1-8
1.1 Present Trends in Power System Stability 2
1.2 Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) 3
1.3 FACTS and FACTS Controller 3
1.3.1 Series FACTS Controller 4
1.3.2 Shunt FACTS Controller 4
1.3.3 Series-series FACTS Controller 5
1.3.4 Series-shunt FACTS Controller 5
1.4 Problem Statement 6
1.5 Objective 7
1.6 Organization of Dissertation 7

2 LITERATURE REVIEW 9-15

3 POWER SYSTEM STABILITY 16-29

3.1 Introduction to Power System Stability 17
3.2 Classification and Definitions 18

3.3 Rotor Angle Stability 20

3.3.1 Transient Stability 21
3.3.2 Swing Equation 22
3.4 Voltage Stability 24
3.4.1 Voltage Stability Problem 24

vii
 3.4.2 Causes of Voltage Instability 25
3.5 Methods to Improve Stability 25
3.5.1 Methods to Improve Steady State Voltage Stability 28
3.5.2 Methods to Improve Dynamic Voltage Stability
29
4 STATIC VOLTAGE COMPENSATOR (SVC) 30-35
4.1 Overview 31
4.2 Operating Principle of SVC 32
4.3 V-I Characteristics of Static Var Compensator (SVC) 33
4.4 Benefits of Static Var Compensator SVC 34
4.5 Application of Static Var Compensator SVC 35
4.5.1 Voltage Regulation 35
4.5.2 System Support During Recovery of Large Disturbances 35
4.5.3 Damping of Temporary Over Voltages 35

5 SIMULATION AND RESULT DISCUSSION 36-46

5.1 Proposed Work 37
5.2 Simulation Model 37
5.3 Simulation Results with SVC 42
5.4 Result Discussion 46

6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 47-48

6.1 Conclusion 48
6.2 Future Scope 48

REFERENCES 49-52

viii
 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure. No. Title Page no.

1.1 Basic Types of FACTS Controllers: (a) general symbol 6

for FACTS Controller, (b) series FACTS Controller, (c)
shunt FACTS Controller, (d) unified series-series
FACTS Controller, (e) coordinated series and shunt
Controller, (f) unified series-shunt Controller, (g) unified
Controller for multiple lines

1.2 Classification of Stability in MPS 17

3.1 Classifications and definitions of stability terms 19

3.2 Stable and Non-oscillatory instability 15

3.3 Variable speed wind turbine with DFIG 21

3.4 Oscillatory Instability 21

3.5 Synchronous machine working as generator 22

3.6 Rotor angle position with respect to reference axis 23

3.7 Acting time scale for the of power system devices 27

3.8 Steady state voltage stability improvement 28

4.1 Schematic of SVC 32

4.2 SVC V-I characteristics 34

5.1 Simulation model of SVC connected two machine 38

system

5.2 Bus voltages under contingency condition 38

5.3 Line power under contingency condition without SVC 39

5.4 Bus voltage under contingency condition for 50 sec 39

without SVC

5.5 Line power under contingency condition for 50 sec 40

without SVC

5.6 Rotor angle of machine 1 without SVC 40

5.7 Rotor speed of machine 1 and machine 2 without SVC 41

5.8 Stator voltages of machine 1 and 2 without SVC 41

5.9 Bus voltages under contingency condition with SVC 42

ix
5.10 Line power under contingency condition with SVC 43

5.11 Rotor angle of machine 1 under contingency condition 43

with SVC

5.12 Rotor speed of machine 1 & 2 under contingency 44

condition with SVC

5.13 Stator voltages of machine 1 & 2 under contingency 44

condition with SVC

5.14 Comparison of rotor speed, machine speed of machine 1 45

& 2 under contingency condition with and without SVC

5.15 Stability analysis under contingency condition with and 45

without SVC