EYEBALL

OUTLINE
 Introduction
 Anterior and Posterior chambers
 Lens and Vitreous humor
 Walls of the eyeball
 Arterial supply
 Venous drainage
 Fibrous layer of eyeball – Sclera, Cornea
 Vascular layer of eyeball: choroid, ciliary
body, iris
 Inner layer of the eyeball – optic par of
retina
INTRODUCTION
 Globe-shaped, occupies anterior part of
orbit
 Rounded shape is disrupted anteriorly by an
outward transparent projection - cornea
 Post to cornea is ante chamber and
followed by:
 Iris and pupil
 Posterior chamber
 Lens
 Postremal (vitreous) chamber
 Retina
ANTERIOR AND
POSTERIOR CHAMBERS
 ANTERIOR CHAMBER - area directly
posterior to the cornea and anterior to the
iris
 IRIS – coloured part of the eye
 PUPIL – the central opening in the iris
 POSTERIOR CHAMBER – smaller area posterior
to the iris and anterior to the lens
ANTERIOR AND
POSTERIOR CHAMBERS …
 Both chambers are:
 continuous through the pupillary opening
 Filled with a fluid known as the aqueous
humor
 Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) –
absorbs aqueous humor
LENS AND
VITREOUS HUMOR
 LENS -
 A transparent biconvex elastic disc
 Attached circumferentially to muscles
associated with the outer wall of the
eyeball
 Attachments provides the lens its refractive
ability to maintain visual acuity
LENS AND
VITREOUS HUMOR …

 VITREOUS HUMOR –
 A transparent gelatinous subst: vitreous
humor or body
 Occupies vitreous chamber; post 4/5 from
lens to retina
 Unlike aqueous humor, vitreous humor
cannot be replaced
WALLS OF THE
EYEBALL
 These surround internal components of
eyeball
 They consist of three layers:
 Outer fibrous layer – consists of sclera
posteriorly and cornea anteriorly
 Middle vascular layer - consists of choroid
posteriorly and continuous with ciliary body
and iris anteriorly
 Inner retinal layer – consists of optic part of
retina posteriorly and non visual retina
anteriorly
Arterial supply

 Short post ciliary arteries - brs of ophthalmic

a
 Long posterior ciliary arteries
 Anterior ciliary arteries
 Central retinal artery - traversed the optic
nerve , enters area of the retina at the optic
disc
VENOUS
DRAINAGE
 Thisis primarily related to the drainage of the
choroid layer
 Four large veins involved: VORTICOUS VEINS
 Each drains one quadrant of the eyeball
 There is also a CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN
 They all ultimately drain into the inferior and
superior ophthalmic veins
Fibrous layer of
the eyeball
 Thisconsists of two components:
 SCLERA – covers the posterior and lateral
parts of the eyeball i.e. about 5/6 surface
 CORNEA – covers the anterior part of the
eyeball
Sclera
 An opaque layer of dense connective tissue
 Seenanteriorly through its conjunctival
covering as the "white of the eye."
 Piercedby numerous vessels and nerves,
including the optic nerve posteriorly
 Providesattachment for the various muscles
involved in eyeball movements
Cornea
A transparent structure continuous with the
sclera anteriorly
 It covers the anterior one-sixth of the surface
of the eyeball
 Allows light to enter the eyeball
Vascular layer of the
eyeball
 This consists of three continuous parts:
 Choroid
 Ciliary body
 Iris
Choroid

A thin, highly vascular, pigmented layer

 Consists of smaller vessels adjacent to the
retina and larger vessels more peripherally
 Firmly attached to the retina internally and
loosely attached to the sclera externally
 Represents approximately two thirds of the
vascular layer.
Ciliary body
A triangular-shaped structure, between the
choroid and the iris
 Forms a complete ring around the eyeball
 Its components include:
 CILIARY MUSCLE – smooth muscle arranged
longitudinally, circularly, and radially
 Contraction, decrease the size of the ring
formed by the ciliary body
Ciliary body …
 CILIARY PROCESSES – contribute to the
formation of aqueous humor.
 Longitudinal ridges projecting from inner
surface of ciliary body. Extending from them
are:
 zonular fibers attached to the lens, which
suspend the lens in its proper position
 suspensory ligament of the lens – collection
of zonular fibers
 Contraction of ciliary muscle relaxes
suspensory ligaments resulting
accommodation
Iris
 Circular structure, projecting outward from
the ciliary body
 Thecolored part of the eye with a central
opening (the pupil)
 It is controlled by smooth muscles within it:
pupillae muscle – circular fibres,
 sphincter
parasympathetic control, constricts the pupil
pupillae muscle – radial fibers,
 dilator
sympathetic control, dilates the pupil
Inner layer of the
eyeball
 The inner layer of the eyeball is the retina
 Consists of two parts:
 Optic part of the retina - Posteriorly and
laterally, sensitive to light
 Nonvisual part - covers the internal surface
of the ciliary body and the iris
 The junction between these parts is an
irregular line (the ora serrata)
Optic part of the
retina
 Consists of two layers:
 Pigmented layer
 Neural layer
Pigmented layer
 Firmly attached to the choroid
 Continues anteriorly over the internal
surface of the ciliary body and iris
 OPTIC DISC –
 lighter area where optic nerve leaves the
retina, brs of central retinal artery spread
 Also referred to as blind spot i.e. no light
sensitive receptor cells in the optic disc
Pigmented Layer …
 MACULA LUTEA - a small area with a hint of
yellowish coloration lateral to the optic disc
 FOVEA CENTRALIS – central depression in the
macula lutea and thinnest area of retina
 Has higher visual sensitivity because it has:
 1. fewer RODS - light-sensitive receptor cells,
function in dim light, insensitive to color
 2. more CONES – light sensitive receptor cells
that respond to bright light, sensitive to color
Neural layer
 Can be further subdivided into its various
neural components
 Only attached to the pigmented layer
around the optic nerve and at the ora
serrata
THANK
YOU