CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this is the bona fide record of Project Work entitled

SPARR DVDs
Which has been successfully carried out by
PRATIK PRIYASMIT SAHOO SAMBIT MOHANTY RITURAJ GUPTA RAM KRUSHNA JENA ABHISHEK MOHANTY Regd. No.0601215253 Regd. No.0601215274 Regd. No.0601215281 Regd. No.0601215285 Regd. No.0601215395

is an authentic work carried out by them at EASTERN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, PHULNAKHARA, under our guidance.

[Link] PROJECT GUIDE

[Link] MISHRA INTERNAL

EXTERNAL

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Acknowledgement
We take this opportunity to express our profound gratitude to all those who individually as well as collectively helped us in the successful completion of this project. We do hereby,give our heartfelt reverence to Mr. [Link] whose co-operative guidance has helped us in successful completion of this project on DVD manufacturing [Link] are thankful to Mr. DEBRAJ MISHRA for his unprecedented support and guidance to make this project a success. We are thankful to various franchised ice cream parlours of Bhubaneswar for providing required data . Last but not the least we would like to thank our friends for their unflagging support and love during the project.

PRATIK PRIYASMIT SAHOO SAMBIT MOHANTY RITURAJ GUPTA RAM KRUSHNA JENA ABHISHEK MOHANTY

Regd. No.0601215253 Regd. No.0601215274 Regd. No.0601215281 Regd. No.0601215285 Regd. No.0601215395

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DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the ENTERPRENEURSHIP PROJECT titled SPARR DVDs is the result of authentic work conducted at EASTERN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY ,PHULNAKHARA under strict supervision of [Link] .

The assistance and help received during the course of this investigation have been fully acknowledged and the research carried out has been fully authenticated and verified from trusted sources and found to be correct. No copyright violation has been done and sources cited has been completely given due credits.

PRATIK PRIYASMIT SAHOO SAMBIT MOHANTY RITURAJ GUPTA RAM KRUSHNA JENA ABHISHEK MOHANTY

Regd. No.0601215253 Regd. No.0601215274 Regd. No.0601215281 Regd. No.0601215285 Regd. No.0601215395

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CONCEPT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Entrepreneurship is the inclination (attitude) of mind to take calculated risk with confidence to achieve a predetermined business or individual objective. The capacity to take risk independently and individually with a view to making profits and grasping (seizing) an opportunity to make more earning in the market oriented economy is the dominant characteristic of modern entrepreneurship. Me-clelland identified two characteristics of Entrepreneurship: 1. Doing things in a new and better way, and 2. Decision-making under uncertainty Entrepreneurship thus means the function of creating something new, organising and co-ordinating and undertaking risk and handling economic uncertainty. Higgins defines the term Entrepreneurship as the function of 1. Seeing investment and production opportunity. 2. Organising an enterprise, 3. Raising capital 4. Hiring labour 5. Arranging for supply of raw material and . 6. Selecting top managers and executives for the day to day operation of the enterprise. Entrepreneurship is a composite skill, the resultant of many qualities and traits. These include imagination, readiness to take risk, ability to bring together and put to use other factors of production, capital, labour, land as also intangible factors such as ability to mobilise scientific and technological advances. Entrepreneurship thus involves taking risk/and making the necessary investments under conditions of uncertainty and innovating, planning arid taking decisions so as to increase productivity in business, agriculture, industry etc. It thus plays a key role in the process of economic development.

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FACTORS INFLUENCING ENTREPRENEURSHIP Entrepreneurship is not influenced by a single factor, but it is the outcome of interaction and combination of various factors such as social, religious, cultural, psychological, political and economic factors. The decision to start a business occurs when an individual perceives that it is both desirable and possible. The factors influencing entrepreneur can be listed as: 1. Components of creativity a) High need for achievement b) Need for independence c) Need for power d) Family background 2. Originality (creativity and innovative spirit) 3. Flexibility 4. Fluency 5. Sensitivity to problems and problem redefinition ability etc. HIGH NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT: The need for achievement is a critical factor in the personality of an entrepreneur. People with high need for achievement have desire for success in competition with others or with a self-imposed standard of excellence. The impulsive motive to change his life style and create something new, the inner urge to do something worthy, are the forces which influence entrepreneurship. The inner urge present in the individual continuously demands from him to do something new and something unique and also to perform better than others. At times, perhaps even more, stimulation for change comes from a negative force, disruption. It is wrong to expect entrepreneurial urge among people who live in poverty, illiteracy and ignorance. An entrepreneur needs a clear perception of economic opportunities and the investment capacity 10 pursue these opportunities. In backward areas where the basic struggle for existence is tough, per capita income so low and whose illiteracy or low level of education prevents access to business information or ideas, there is neither perception of opportunities nor the capacity to exploit these opportunities. In such areas to develop entrepreneurship the first step should be to develop the environment and
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change their total life-situations.

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NEED FOR INDEPENDENCE: The need for independence is the prime characteristic that drives the individual to start his own business. The persons having a high drive, high activity level, creativity and good orientation do not like to be controlled by others. They have original ideas and thoughts, they are not satisfied with routine jobs and practices. They set their own challenging goals and make efforts to achieve these goals. They choose their own course of action. They are masters of their own activities and take full responsibility of their action. NEED OF POWER: The entrepreneur also needs to influence and lead others. The power of motivation which is really an urge to have control over others and direct their course of activities towards the end which one seeks to attain. Such a drive to influence people and to lead them to implement his ideas may be called as need for power which induces the person to undertake entrepreneurial activities. FAMILY BACKGROUND: The family background also plays an important role in building up the personality necessary for turning into an entrepreneur later in life. In the family situations where challenging, adventures and uncertainty actions are encouraged from childhood, the psychological process which leads men to set up their own successful business enterprise begin in the very early life and have a cumulative effect. The influence of early childhood and other social roles are dominant factors which motivate an individual towards becoming an independent businessman. On the other hand, in family situations where security and non-risk bearing activities are encouraged right from childhood, and also in families whose deep attachments and emotional conditions prevail, it has been found that the child
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growing under such situation tends to take up jobs which are less risk oriented.

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ORIGINALITY: Entrepreneurs are highly creative people. They always try to develop new products processes or markets. They arc innovative. They start their own business out of their natural talents. They arc persons with initiative, boldness, and confidence in their ability. They are the persons with great vision and are able to perceive opportunities in the environment which other people are unable to see. Certain personality characteristics make them quite different than other human beings. Some of the characteristics which constitute his personality are inborn in him. He approaches his task with a hope of success and not with a fear of failure. FLEXIBILITY: The entrepreneur must be flexible and willing to adopt a change. The technological advances create new needs for the entrepreneur as far as adaptation and adjustments are concerned. The entrepreneur may need to learn how to adjust to the new technological environment, to introduce new process, equipment etc. in his enterprise. He should be willing to modify, redesign the product to meet the changing needs of the customers. A constant re-examination is needed for possible utilisation and improvement of existing technologies. FLUENCY: The entrepreneur should have fluency which may enable him to communicate effectively with his customers, employees, supplies and creditors. He can sell his ideas if he possesses fluency to communicate skillfully. A person who is fluent enough and has good communication ability is more likely to get success in the business. He can bring about a change in buyer's attitudes and perception which will enable him to enhance the sell of his products.
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SENSITIVITY TO PROBLEMS AND PROBLEM REDEFINITION ABILITY: While starting a business and also ill the course of running, it number of problems may arise. Such problems arise due to changes in the situation and due to other unforeseen circumstances during the course of starting and running a business. Decision-making is the tool to solve such problems. Decision making is the course of course of action selected to meet the requirement of solution of problems.

ENTREPRENEURIAL CHARACTERISTICS
An entrepreneur who has a high level of administrative capacity, mental and emotional stability, flair and ability for decision-making, initiative, creativeness, self-confidence, communication ability, intelligence, self-confidence, organizational skill, human relations ability and has a sound technical knowledge stands much better chance of success in running the enterprise. The personality characteristics make the entrepreneur quite different from an ordinary human being. Some of the characteristics and inborn in him and some are acquired. The traits can be further developed in an individual if they are present in him to some extent in latent form, by well structured training and development programmes.

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ENTREPRENEUR

Administrative Ability Creativity SelfConfidence Tactfulne ss Foresig ht Clarit y Communication Ability Business Secrecy Technical Knowledge Optimisti c Willing To Take Risk Decision Making

Fig. 3. Characteristic of an Entrepreneur 1.

ADMINISTRATIVE CAPABILITY:

A successful entrepreneur should be a good administrator. He should know the art of getting things done by other people without hurting tJ1eir feelings or self respect. An entrepreneur must be able to build a team, keep it motivated and provide an environment of individual growth and career development. 2. CREATIVITY: An entrepreneur must be reasonably intelligent and should
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have creative thinking. They should try to accomplish something new, something unique new products, processes or markets etc. They should be innovative, flexible and willing to adopt change. They must involve themselves in thinking and finding new Ways of doing the things in a better way. They must be able to engage in the analysis of various problems and situations in order to deal with them intellectually. They must try to accomplish challenging tasks. 3. SELF-CONFIDENCE: An entrepreneur should have a self confidence in order to get success in the business. A man with relevant knowledge, skills and information and having successful experience in the past possesses greater degree of self confidence. A man with self confidence has clear thoughts and well defined goals to achieve in his life. A person attempting simple to complex tasks and utilising feed back for corrective measure has greater chances of success and in the course of time he may build up confidence. An entrepreneur having high level of self confidence is able to evaluate his competencies and capabilities in a realistic manner. He puts forward his case confidently and gets needed help from concerned agencies or authorises. 4. HUMAN RELATIONS ABILITY: The most important personality factors which contribute to success of an entrepreneur are emotional stability, personal relations, considerations and tactfulness. An entrepreneur must maintain good relations with his customers to maintain and improve sales. He must also maintain good relations with his employees and motivate them to perform their jobs at a high level of efficiency. An entrepreneur who maintains good human relations with customers, employees, suppliers, creditors and the community is much more likely to get success in his business from one who does not practice good human relations. 5. FORESIGHT: Entrepreneur should possess a great vision. He should be able to perceive the opportunities in the environment which other
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people are unable to see. He must be future oriented intelligent and resourceful person. He must be able to predict the future events about the business more accurately by knowing the past and present. He must be able to anticipate the problems or difficulties which his business is likely to face in future and decide the ways to overcome them. 6. CLARITY (CLEAR OBJECTIVES): An entrepreneur should have clear objectives about the exact nature of the business. He should clearly decide what to produce, how much to produce, where to produce, and where to sell and other subsidiary activities to be undertaken in connection with his business. A successful entrepreneur must have the objective to establish the product to make profit or to render social service. 7. COMMUNICATION ABILITY: Communications ability is the ability to communicate effectively. Communication is a process by which instructions, ideas, thoughts or informations are transmitted, received and understood by the persons working in the organisation. Through communication the employees can be instructed clearly what exactly to do and the way in which it is to be done efficiently and economically. Communication helps the administration in arriving at vital decisions. The entrepreneur who can effectively communicate with his customers, employees, suppliers and creditors will be more likely to get success than the entrepreneur who does not. 8. TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE: An entrepreneur must have sound technical knowledge. Technical knowledge can be acquired if tried hard enough. 9. SECRECY: An entrepreneur must be able to guard business secrets. Leakage of business secrets to trade competitors will be self defeating. Hence, he should be very careful to maintain his business secrets. He should select his assistants properly and
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carefully and try to build up their honesty so as to guard against leakage of business secrets. 10. OPTIMISTIC ATTITUDE: An entrepreneur should attempt to undertake any task with a hope of success and not with a fear of failure. He should have positive and optimistic attitude. In the process of accomplishing his task even if he fails, the failure experience should not change his thinking. The hope of success IS normally based upon his confidence regarding his abilities and resources. 11. DECISION-MAKING: The entrepreneur should be able to take quick, timely and correct decisions. Decision-making means to decide the future course of action for the organisation, over short or long terms. It is necessary to take decisions throughout the business cycle, for achieving maximum returns on the assets of the business enterprise. Decision making is essential to solve business problems. Decision-making under certainly is comparatively easy. While taking decisions under uncertainty the entrepreneur should use his judgment and experience. While taking decisions under uncertainty the entrepreneur should be willing to take a calculated risk. 12. WILLINGNESS TO TAKE RISK: Entrepreneur likes to enjoy excitement of a challenge, but does not gamble. He should be willing to take calculated risk but avoid situations involving extreme risks. He finds difficulties challenging and stimulating. The concept of entrepreneur and entrepreneurship incorporates basic qualities of leadership, innovation, hard work, visi0!l, foresight and maximisation of profits. The entrepreneur is an able motivator and brings in change for the betterment of society. All his socio-economic, organisational and managerial qualities are always directed towards the wellbeing of society/community. He is committed to progress. He is a catalytic agent of development and change. Personal satisfaction and monetary rewards are blended with social
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betterment and welfare of mankind.

CONTENTS
SPARR DVDs
An overview The team Product concept and design Our products Location Production details Initial setup The market potential Target clients

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 Technical know how Production schedule Project profitability analysis Break even analysis Conclusion

DVD MANUFACTURING
INTRODUCTION

Optical storage is a term from engineering referring to the storage of data on an optically readable medium. Data is recorded by making marks in a pattern that can be read back with the aid of light. A common modern technique used by computers involves a tiny beam of laser light precisely focused on a spinning disc. An older example, that does not require the use of computers, is microform. There are other means of optically storing data and new methods are in development. Optical storage differs from other data storage techniques that make use of other technologies such as magnetism or semiconductors. The term optical drive usually refers to a device in a computer that can read DVD-ROMs or other optical discs. In computing, sound reproduction, and video, an optical disc is a flat, circular disc (usually polycarbonate) wherein data is stored in the pits (or bumps) in its flat surface sequentially
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on the continuous, spiral track extending from the innermost track to the outermost track, covering the entire disc surface. The data is accessed in the disc when a special material (often aluminium) is illuminated with a laser diode. The pits distort the reflected laser light, hence, most optical discs (except the black discs of the original PlayStation video game console), characteristically have an iridescent appearance created by the grooves of the reflective layer.

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SPARR DVDs An Overview..

Your one-stop mastering resource SPARR is a company that will be globally known for its path breaking achievements in innovation and product development. We have set global benchmarks and introduced new programs and processes to improve efficiencies, enhance yields and control costs. By this simple expedient we have established ourselves as the second-largest optical media manufacturer in the world and also one of the most costcompetitive entities in the business. So you don't need to look any further than SPARR for technology mastering services on anything to do with plastics or its components. We will take complete responsibility right from product concept and design, through to manufacture and final delivery - and of course, guarantee a zero-error end product at an unbelievably low cost. By entrusting SPARR for your technology mastering, we will help you: Concentrate on your core competencies .

Eliminate the time and cost associated with finding multiple suppliers for different tasks associated with the project.

Gain an invaluable lead in time-to-market .

Reduce mastering overheads and consequently introduce cutting-edge products at a much lower cost.

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 Get the technological edge enjoyed by the world's leading and largest optical media companies.

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ENTREPRENEURS PROFILE:

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NAME

DESCRIPTION
Age:21

[Link] PRIYASMIT SAHOO Qualification: B. Tech Skills: c, c++ Email: [Link]@[Link] Age:21 [Link] MOHANTY Qualification: B. Tech Skills: c, c++ Email: [Link]@[Link] Age:21 [Link] GUPTA Qualification: B. Tech Skills: c, c++ Email:

rituraj_onlyme@[Link]
Age:21 [Link] KRUSHNA JENA Qualification: B. Tech Skills: c, c++ Email:ramkrushna.jena88@gm

[Link]
Age:21 [Link] MOHANTY

Qualification: B. Tech Skills: c, c++ Email: mikunn9@[Link]

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SPARR - PRODUCT CONCEPT AND DESIGN

Get started, and move into the future! Being a company that has been involved in the development of next-generation formats in optical media, we at SPARR do know a thing or two about conceptualizing, designing and mastering products not just for todays markets, but the future as well. We are the first optical media company in the world to develop and ship HD DVDs and more recently, our in-house developed and patented technology has been accepted as one of the four standard media to be included in the Blue-ray Disk Association. These are monumental achievements and ones that put us in the forefront of product concept, design, and commercial manufacture and shipment anywhere in the world. So when you place your trust in SPARR, you get: A concept and design team that has successfully worked on current and next-gen optical media formats Quickest possible turnaround on prototyping to manufacture The fastest possible turnaround in replication and delivery. Replacement on mastering defects.

SPARR - OUR PRODUCTS

Pro DVD Recordable

SPARR Pro DVD-Rs are highly advanced discs that enable highspeed recording and storing of not just data, but also audio and
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video files. The first 52x DVD-Rs to be launched in India, they provide excellent thermal sensitivity to the laser ray and maintain data integrity without degradation in any way. SPARR Pro DVD-Rs are compatible with most conventional recording drives.

SPARR Pro DVD-Rs are available in: * Single Slim Jewel Cases * 10-Pack Slim Jewel Case Boxes * 25-Pack Cake Boxes * 10-Pack Cake Boxes * 100-Pack Cake Boxes * 50-Pack Tin Cans

Pro DVD RW

Many of us would prefer to reuse our discs rather than simply storing or discarding them. SPARR Pro DVD-RWs are the ideal solution for such a need. These discs permit repeated overwriting without any degradation in durability or data integrity. In fact, you can over-write these discs thousands of times without any worry of data loss or corruption. Diverse applications can be performed with perfect compatibility by adopting phase-changing recording for high performance. In order to make them even more convenient to use, SPARR Pro DVD-RWs are designed and optimized for writing at speeds of 4x to 10x.

SPARR Pro DVD-Rs are available in:

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 Single Normal Jewel Cases 10-Pack Slim Jewel Case Boxes

Mini DVD Recordable With hard disks shrinking to the size of 'Thumb-Drives' with large storage capacities, it is but natural that the effects of miniaturization would be seen in the compact disc sphere as well. SPARR Mini DVD-Rs provide sufficient storage space (up to 185 MB), better portability, while maintaining superior recording and playback characteristics and compatibility. In fact, this media redefines the very concept of `Compact Discs. With a diameter of 8 cm, this medium is ideal for storing presentations and business credentials or, for that matter, quite a few mp3 songs! They come in an attractive box that ensures the safety of these miniature DVD-Rs. SPARR Mini DVD-Rs can be used in any DVD-ROM drive, DVD writer or DVD player

DVD + R & DVD R

DVD-/+ R is a DVD recordable format. SPARR DVD-R has a storage capacity of 4.7 GB. As most drives available today are combo writers, it does not really matter whether you use a + (plus) format or a -(minus) format. It suits the needs of high capacity storage as a reliable media. The writing speed is 16x thus burning a disc in few minutes.

DVD + RW SPARR DVD + RW, have the same capacity as a normal DVD that of 4.7 GB. These discs permit repeated over-writing without any degradation in durability or data integrity. One can
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over-write these discs thousands of times without any worry of data loss or corruption. Diverse applications can be performed with perfect compatibility.

DVD + R DL SPARR DVD + R DL can hold up to 8.5 Gigabytes of data in total security which is approximately 12 times the amount an ordinary DVD can hold. Both the layers are written and read on the same side unlike a double sided DVD disc, thus saving you the effort to turn the disc over.

SPARR - LOCATION The plant would be set up at Mancheswar Industrial Estate. The basic requirements of setting up mastering units are available here. Semi-skilled and unskilled labours are easily available in the city as it is 15 km away from the capital Bubaneswar .

The marketing section would be set up at Bhubaneswar as it is the hub of the growing IT sector and lots of computers and lots of offices are about to come up soon. Also it is a happening place and it would help in furthering our business network.

Corporate Office

SPARR DVDs
INFOCITY, CHANDKA INDUSTRIAL ESTATE BHUBANESWAR 751024 ORISSA E-Mail: info@[Link]

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SPARR - THE MARKET POTENTIAL

Present Demand and Supply of the Product Competition We have to make compact disc that will use by all the audio & video companies & local softwares/hardwares vendors. This is going to help a user in many ways. There are no further charges of this product. The DVD system technology has come a long way in the last few years, and new applications for compact disc systems are being discovered every day. The market has already seen the introduction of DVD-ROMs, DVD-Videos and DVD-Interactive. The latest product to attract consumer attention is Kodak's Photo-DVD, which can display photographs on television and computer screens. These pictures can be edited or cropped by the user, just like clip art images. Our plan is to start our business with most of our local audio companies, video companies and Software companies. When we can able to grab a better market condition in local market we must tries to spread our business in global market. We also planned to target most of the office stationary suppliers. Hence we get the market of small businessmen to youngsters who are in large numbers hence our business will do well during the start and flourish afterwards.

SPARR - TARGET CLIENTS Our main target clients are Sarthak Music , Badshah Cassettes, TP Music, T-series & local software companies like NTCS, 3M Business Solution Private Ltd. That includes around the 70% of the total population and which is a large target section. We also target the Govt. Offices and Schools and colleges. We remaster prospectus DVDs and DVDs for these institutes. We also provide blank discs to the offices for their storage purpose. MARKETING STRATEGY
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The Marketing Strategy will be advertising the product in the media and by companys representatives by visiting various target clients and by making them aware of the features, application and the type of technology used in product. Our main aim is to target all those above music companies & software companies all over the country. We target to compete with the market leaders in optical storage devices by providing cheap and best solution to one and all. Our first objective is to set our foot in the local market and then get into the competition with the market leaders.

SPARR - TECHNICAL KNOW HOW Books related to DVD mastering process, Chemistry, Polymer Science and Material Science. Different working platforms like Windows, Linux etc and processing skills like premastering, mastering, electroplating, varnishing, labelling for the enhancement of the DVD mastering technology and for development of the new technology.

Steps by Step Description Study and analysis of whole project: - It includes knowing the full mastering process of the project i.e. what the project means and how to do the project. Design of the Compact Disc includes these processes: Premastering. Mastering Electroplating Pressing Metallization Varnishing Label printing Packaging SPARR - PRODUCTION DETAILS

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This business plan is to install a mastering plant for compact disk. In such a location where we can easily get the raw materials and target market. Our mastering process will go through the following process.

THE PREMASTERING PROCESS First, we ensure the DVD-ROM content provided by our customers meets the proper ISO standards when it is organized on the disc. This is an essential step to guarantee quality for professionals who require precise, high quality data reproduction that is backed by ISO certification.

Figure 1: Compact Disc Premastering

MASTERING

Then we create a glass master covered with a photosensitive layer and engrave all our customers information on it with a laser light. To help fight against piracy on behalf of our customers, the plant engraves its International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) number on every glass disc it produces. Following that, a fine silver coating is applied to the
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glass masters surface by a process known as vacuum evaporation.

Figure 2: Compact Disc Mastering

ELECTROPLATING

The glass master is then transformed into a mould which is used to press discs. This is achieved by adding a layer of nickel on the glass master by means of electrolysis. The nickel layer is then separated from the glass base to recover the negative of the DVD. The result is what is called the stamper. Other masters can be produced by repeating the electrolysis phase.

Figure 3: Electroplating

PRESSING

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With the mould ready, DVDs can now be replicated. Liquefied polycarbonate is then injected into the mould and, after only a few seconds of pressing, a compact disc containing all the data is quickly created.

Figure 4: Compact Disc Pressing

METALLIZATION

In order for the DVD to be readable, it must be covered with a micro thin layer of aluminium which is vacuum laid. The aluminium surface acts as a mirror to reflect the laser light back so information can be read.

VARNISHING

To protect the DVD and its information from harm scratching, bending, or dropping it the disc is covered with a layer of varnish. The lacquer envelops the aluminium and seals it from the elements. The disc is then ready for printing.

DVD LABELLING
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The final touch comes with the printing of the label right on the disc, either by a silk screen or offset process or with up to six colours. The result is a clean, polished appearance.

PACKAGING

The DVD is automatically packaged and prepared for shipping. We are committed to providing customers with the highest quality printing services and the most complete selection of packaging solutions in the industry. We know the importance of choosing packaging that has maximum customer impact, and offer a variety of options from cost-saving automated packaging to custom-made solutions.

Figure 5: DVD Packaging

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SPARR DVDs

FINANCIALS & APPRAISAL

1. Land and Building Cost:

Sl. No. 1.

Particular Land

Area Required 5000 [Link]. (@ Rs.500/- per [Link])

Total Value(Rs.) 25,00,000

2.

Plant Building

2000 Sq Feet (@ Rs.650/- per [Link])

13,00,000

3.

Administrative Building Total

1500 Sq. Feet (@ Rs.1000/- per [Link])

15,00,000 53,00,000

2. Machineries and Equipments:

SI. No. 1

Description DVD/DVD

Nos. Required 3

Rate(Rs. ) 40,000

Total Value(Rs.) 1,20,000

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Manufacturing machine 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9. Electro plating machine Processing machine Metallization machine Varnishing machine Label printing machine Packaging machine Computers Scanners Total: 3 2 2 3 2 2 20 5 10,000 15,000 10,000 10,000 5,000 25,000 30,000 2,000 30,000 30,000 20,000 30,000 10,000 50,000 6,00,000 10,000 9,00,000

3. Miscellaneous Fixed Assets:

Serial No. 1. 2.

Particular Personal Computers Documents and Stationeries Printers

Requirement 10 Paper, Office Accessories etc 3

Rate (Rs.) 30000 LS

Total Value (Rs.)

3,00,000 30,000

3.

5000

15,000

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4. 5.

Furniture Phone and fax

Sofa, Chair, Table, etc 2 Total

LS 12500

30,000 25,000 4,00,000

4. Preliminary and Pre Operative Expenses Serial No. 1. Particulars Interest during Implementation Amount (Rs.) 75,000 Remarks If we take a loan of Rs 35,00,000 @12.50% for 2months 1,25,000 2,00,000 4,00,000 For Project financing & related expenses For starting the Business

2. 3.

Establishments Start Up Expenses Total :

5. Working Capital Assessment

Serial No. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Item Salary & Wages Production & utilities Selling and Distribution Expenses Administrative Expenses

Amount (Rs.)

21,36,000 98,28,000 2,45,000 3,07,000

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Gross Working Capital requirement (12months Expenses) Net Working Capital requirement (3 months expenses) i.e. 25% of Gross Working Capital Promoters Margin (25%) Maximum Permissible bank Finance (75%)

1,25,16,000

31,29,000 (or say) 32,00,000 8,00,000 24,00,000

Cost of the Project

Sr. No. 1.

Particulars Fixed Capital (Total of item No.1,2,3)

Total Value(Rs.) 66,00,000 [53,00,000+9,00,000+4,00,000] 4,00,000

2.

Preliminary & Pre-operative Expenses (Total of item No. 4)

3.

Working Capital (Total of item No. 5) Total:

32,00,000

1,02,00,000

Means of Finance
Amount (Rs.) 43,00,000

Sr. No. 1.

Particulars Promoters Contribution

Remarks

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(50% of Fixed Capital & 25% of Working Capital) 2. Term Loan 35,00,000 State Bank of India Working Capital Loan Total: 24,00,000 1,02,00,000

3.

PRODUCTION SCHEDULE

Number of Working Days per Annum: The Industry will remain open for all weekdays except Sundays and National holidays. Number of Working Shifts: Since it is a service and production firm it follows a shift system which has working hours from 9:00am to 5:00 pm for 1 st shift and from 10:00pm to 6:00am for the other.

Sales/Turnover Revenue:

The sales revenue of the business depends on the number of clients it has dealt with in the present year.
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Year

No of Items

Quantity sold per year

Unit Price

Total Realization(Rs)

Serial No. 1. 2010 2. 3.

Particulars 700MB DVD-R Consumption of 700MB DVD-RW Materials 4.7 GB DVD-R Power/Electricity 4.7 GB DVD-RW Charges

In Expenditure Annual Expenses Rupees per Month (Rs.) (Rs.) 10,00,000 5 50,00,000 8,00,000 2,50,000 3,00,000 15,000 1,00,000 4,000 10 10 20 96,00,000 25,00,000 30,00,000 1,80,000 20,00,000 1,25,00,000 48,000 98,28,000

Total: Repair & maintenance Total :

Production Expenses & Utilities:

Salary & Wages:

Serial No 1.

Particular s Skilled Semiskilled Unskilled Office Staff

Numbers 5 ( Rs.15000 per head) 6( Rs.8000per head) 10( Rs.4000per head) 5( Rs.3000 per head)

Wages/Sala ry per month (Rs.) 75,000

Annual Expenses (Rs.) 9,00,000

2. 3. 4.

48,000 40000 15,000

5,76,000 4,80,000 1,80,000

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Total

21,36,000

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Selling and Distribution Expenses:

Serial No. 1. 2. 3.

Particulars Carriage/Transportation Commission Publicity Expenses Total :

Amount per Month(Rs.) 10,000 -

Amount per Annum(Rs.) 1,20,000 25,000 1,00,000 2,45,000

Administrative Expenses:

Serial No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Particulars Licence fee Telephone Charges Printing & Stationary Travelling & Conveyance Staff Welfare Postage & Telegram Misc. Expenses Total :

Amount per Annum(Rs.) 58,000 60,000 24,000 72,000 50,000 18,000 25,000 3,07,000

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Term Loan Details- State Bank of India

Term loan facility has to be availed by the company from State bank of India to finance the Fixed Assets of the Company with necessary contribution of promoters margin. Loan amount: Rs 35, 00,000 repayable in 20 quarterly instalments of

Rs.1, 75,000/- per quarter. Rate of Interest: 12.50% per annum with monthly rests, repayable in 5 years starting after two months from the date of initial disbursement.

Working capital Loan Details- State Bank of India

Working Capital assistance is expected to obtain from State Bank of India to meet the liquidity need of the company since its commencement of commercial production. Loan amount: Rs 24, 00,000 Rate of Interest: 12.50% compound interest.

BREAK EVEN ANALYSIS

Cost of production is composed of cost incurred on the fixed as well as the variable factors of production. Fixed Cost (FC): Fixed cost of production is the cost incurred on fixed factors of production. Fixed factors include Land and building; machinery, equipments, accessories, appliances; furniture and fixtures. Variable Cost (VC):
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Variable cost of production is the cost incurred on the variable factors of production. Variable factors include raw materials; wages for temporary workers; fuel and electricity; packaging material; transport; administrative expenses; statutory expenses. Direct Cost (DC): Direct cost includes those costs which can be easily identifiable with the production of product and service. These are: Direct material cost, direct labour cost, other direct expenses for the product. Indirect Cost (IC): Indirect cost includes those costs which cannot be directly and readily identified with the product and services. Total cost is the summation of direct and indirect costs. Breakeven point is one of the profitability indicators and describes the point at which the entrepreneur recovers all the costs and starts earning profit.

Break Even Point (BEP) = (FC * 100)/ (FC + profit) = (5,52,000 * 100)/ (5,52,000+5,14,000) = 51.78 % Rate of Return (RR) = (profit * 100)/ (FC + WC) = (5, 14,000 * 100)/ (1,02,00,000) =5.04%
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The main purpose of this project is to facilitate easy to understand each module at the same time. It provides a userfriendly approach towards todays day to day life. Moreover all the efficient hard work and understanding has been done in order to keep the project a simple one.

This project has been completed keeping in mind all the Marketing aspects and the latest trends. So heres our project with great endorsements for applications. Finally, a lot of hard work and brain cells teasing has gone to the making of this project and it will satisfy the users expectations to the brim.

The cost benefit analysis proves that this entrepreneurship is feasible and can be adapted.

With all positive hopes..

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REFERENCES [Link] [Link] [Link]/products_DVDr.asp [Link]/optical _media.asp [Link] [Link]

[Link]

[Link]

Marketing Management, 12th ed. Pearson Prentice Hall. 2006. ISBN 0-13145757-8. Page no. 149-155

McKenna, Regis (January 1991). "Marketing is Everything". Harvard Business Review. Page no 229-238

Drucker, Peter F. (1993 (reprint)). Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, Practices. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-88730-615-2. Page No 465

Kotler, Philip (November 1977). "From Sales Obsession to Marketing Effectiveness". Harvard Business Review. Page No. 310

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