Module 4
Pipe laying
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1. Pre-lay Survey
Inspecting the seabed along the intended pipe line route before construction
Consisting of:
- Desktop study
- Bathymetry profile (side scan)
- Geotechnical sampling
- Visual inspection
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2. Sand Waves (or Dunes)
Ridges on the seabed formed by current
San Francisco Bay
Dubai Coast
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3. Span Correction
Measure to prevent free span of pipe line
Free Span
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4. Landfall
Location where pipe line comes onshore
Land fall Ca Mau
Trenching
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5. J-Lay
Pipes have J-shape when in laying process
Lay direction
Application: Water depth more than 200m
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J-lay Tower
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6. S-Lay
Pipes have S-shape when in laying process
Lay direction
Application: Shallow water (Vietnam)
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Monitoring
7. Stinger
Support frame to guide pipe line overboard during S-laying
To prevent small bending radius
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8. Pipe Laying Ship (or Vessel)
Mono hull vessels to lay pipe lines offshore
Application: Small diameter pipe with small bending radius
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9. Pipe Laying Barge
Flat barge or Semi used to lay offshore pipe lines
Application: Larger diameter pipe
Drivers for choice?;
- Water depth
- Diameter pipe line
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10. Pipe Tensioner
Gripper on the vessel that holds the string during the laying process
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11. Beveling
Machining a sloped surface on the pipe end for welding purposes
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12. Line up Tools
Tool to align two joints of pipe before welding
IPEC Canada
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13. Field Weld
Welding two joints of pipe together offshore
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14. Field Joint
Completed connection between two joints done offshore
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15. Welded Pipe
Steel pipe made of plate steel
Longitudinal
pipe
Spiral welded Pipe
Use: Construction purposes/small
Wall thickness
Use: Big
diameter/Wall
thickness
Pipe lines
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16. Seamless pipe
Hot rolled steel pipe with no weld
Use: Petrochemical industry, small
diameters/big wall thickness
Drivers for choice?;
- Wall thickness
- Diameter pipe
- Mechanical properties
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17. Weight coat
Concrete jacket around the pipe line to weigh it down and protect it
Use: Offshore Pipelines
Length of one Joint: 12 m
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18. PLEM
Pipe Line End Manifold = Protecting structure housing valves and T-pieces
Purpose: Fix position of
pipe line end and protect
valves/actuators from
fishing nets and anchors
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19. Spool Piece
Small pipe piece made to order to connect two flanged pipe ends
Measurement by Divers: Geometrics
Can also be used as expansion piece
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20. Pressure testing
Testing the pipeline for leaks by pressurizing it and monitoring the pressure
Important moment for pipe laying
contractor
Test pressure depends on design
pressure and safety factor
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21. Testable Gasket
Sealing between two flanges that can be tested without pressurizing the line
Connection
test kit
Flange connection
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22. Pigs
Plugs that are send trough the pipe line by compressed air or water to perform duties
Duties:
Cleaning
Measuring
Inspection
ROSEN
Malaysia
Pig Launch
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23. Cleaning (Pre commissioning)
Remove all debris and particles from the pipe line
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24. Drying (Pre commissioning)
Remove all water residue and vapor before commissioning of the pipe line
Pig train
Techniques used:
1. Glycol/Methanol
2. Air drying
3. Vacuum drying
Purpose:
To avoid corrosion (Hydrate) and
contamination of product
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