CSE
434 Name: Bing Hao Computer Networks (2014 Spring)
2014
Home Page: [Link]
Lab3
1. Select the first ICMP Echo Request message sent by your computer, and expand the
[Link]
yourcomputer?
Answer
Figure1
Accordingtothefigure1,theIPaddressofmycomputeris192.168.1.8.
[Link],whatisthevalueintheupperlayerprotocolfield?
Answer
Accordingtothefigure1,withintheIPpacketheader,thevalueintheupperlayerprotocolfield
isUDP(17)
3. How many bytes are in the IP header? How many bytes are in the payload of the IP
datagram?Explainhowyoudeterminedthenumberofpayloadbytes.
Answer
According to the figure 1, the header length is 20 bytes and the total length is 56 bytes.
Therefore,thepayloadoftheIPdatagramshouldbe36bytes(56bytes20bytes).
CSE 434 Name: Bing Hao Computer Networks (2014 Spring)
2014
Home Page: [Link]
4. Has this IP datagram been fragmented? Explain how you determined whether or not the
datagramhasbeenfragmented.
Answer
According to the figure 1, under flags section, the more fragments bit = 0, so the data is not
fragmented.
[Link]
seriesofICMPmessagessentbyyourcomputer?
Answer
CSE 434 Name: Bing Hao Computer Networks (2014 Spring)
2014
Home Page: [Link]
According to abovetwoscreenshots,identification,Time to live andHeader checksum always
change.
6. Which fields stay constant? Which of the fields must stay constant? Which fields must
change?Why?
Answer
Thefieldsthatstayconstantare:
Version(sinceweareusingIPv4),headerlength(sincetheseareUDPpackets),sourceIP(since
allpacketsaresentfrommycomputer),destinationIP(sincewearesendingtothesamehost),
DifferentiatedServices(sinceallpackets areUDP), UpperLayer Protocol (sincetheseare UDP
packets)
Thefieldsthatmuststayconstantare:
Version(sinceweareusingIPv4),headerlength(sincetheseareUDPpackets),sourceIP(since
allpacketsaresentfrommycomputer),destinationIP(sincewearesendingtothesamehost),
DifferentiatedServices(sinceallpackets areUDP), UpperLayer Protocol (sincetheseare UDP
packets)
Thefieldsthatmustchangeare:
Identification(IPpacketshavedifferentids),Timetolive(tracerouteincrementseachpacket),
Headerchecksum(sinceheaderchanges)
CSE 434 Name: Bing Hao Computer Networks (2014 Spring)
2014
Home Page: [Link]
[Link]
Answer
Thefirstrequest,valuesintheidentification:44695
Thesecondrequest,valuesintheidentification:44696
Accordingtoabovetwoscreenshots,thepatternistheIPheaderIdentificationfieldincrement
witheachUDPrequest.
[Link]?
Answer
CSE 434 Name: Bing Hao Computer Networks (2014 Spring)
2014
Home Page: [Link]
Accordingtoabovescreenshot,Identification:57077,TTL:64
9. Do these values remain unchanged for all of the ICMP TTLexceeded replies sent to your
computerbythenearest(firsthop)router?Why?
Answer
The values of identification field changes for all the ICMP TTLexceeded replies since the
[Link]
value,thenitmeansthattheseIPdatagramsarefragmentsofasinglelargeIPdatagram.
TheTTLfieldwasunchangedsincetheTTLforthenearestrouterisalwaysthesame(Linux,TTL
64).
10. Find the first ICMP Echo Request message that was sent by your computer after you
[Link]
morethanoneIPdatagram?
Answer
CSE 434 Name: Bing Hao Computer Networks (2014 Spring)
2014
Home Page: [Link]
No.101hasidentification:44696
No.102hasidentification:44696
According to above to screenshots, above has been fragmented across more than one IP
datagram.
11. Print out the first fragment of the fragmented IP datagram. What information in the IP
header indicates that the datagram been fragmented? What information in the IP header
indicates whether this is the first fragment versus a latter fragment? How long is this IP
datagram?
Answer
According to above screenshot, The Flags bit for more fragments is set which means the
datagramhasbeenfragmented.Thefragmentoffsetis0,[Link]
lengthofthisfirstdatagramis1500includingtheheader.
CSE 434 Name: Bing Hao Computer Networks (2014 Spring)
2014
Home Page: [Link]
[Link]
headerindicatesthatthisisnotthefirstdatagramfragment?Arethemorefragments?How
canyoutell?
Answer
Accordingtoabovescreenshot,thisisnotthefirstfragmentsincethefragmentoffsetis1480
andthisshouldbethelastfragment,sincethestatusofmorefragmentsflagisnotset.
[Link]?
Answer
Totallength,flags,fragmentoffset,andchecksum.
[Link]?
Answer
CSE 434 Name: Bing Hao Computer Networks (2014 Spring)
2014
Home Page: [Link]
Accordingtoabovescreenshot,3packetscreatedfromtheoriginaldatagram.
[Link]?
Answer
Fragmentoffset,[Link],forthefirsttwopackets,thetotallengthis1500withthe
morefragmentsflagsetto1,andthethirdpacketstotallengthis540withthemorefragments
flagsetto0.
