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Fractal Antennas for Wireless Systems

This chapter concludes the thesis by summarizing the key findings and proposing areas for future work. The thesis presented novel fractal geometries that influence antenna characteristics and allow for more flexible wireless system design. It also introduced the sampling biorthogonal time domain method for analyzing complex structures more accurately than the finite difference time domain method. Multiple-input multiple-output antenna systems and compact printed monopole antennas using Minkowski and Cantor fractals were designed, simulated, fabricated and tested for wireless applications. Future work proposed further exploring multifractal geometries and their relationship to antenna performance as well as incorporating fractals into antenna feed lines and components to enable more compact system design.

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Radhika Sethu
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60 views3 pages

Fractal Antennas for Wireless Systems

This chapter concludes the thesis by summarizing the key findings and proposing areas for future work. The thesis presented novel fractal geometries that influence antenna characteristics and allow for more flexible wireless system design. It also introduced the sampling biorthogonal time domain method for analyzing complex structures more accurately than the finite difference time domain method. Multiple-input multiple-output antenna systems and compact printed monopole antennas using Minkowski and Cantor fractals were designed, simulated, fabricated and tested for wireless applications. Future work proposed further exploring multifractal geometries and their relationship to antenna performance as well as incorporating fractals into antenna feed lines and components to enable more compact system design.

Uploaded by

Radhika Sethu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

122

CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

6.1 CONCLUSION

Modern wireless communication systems require miniaturized


antennas with multiband operation capability, high efficiency, and
reconfigurablity. Fractals incorporated into RF components have been used as
one of the novel techniques to design and develop miniaturized antenna
systems with multiple resonances.

This thesis has presented the numerical analysis, simulation and


experimental studies of novel fractal geometries that influence characteristics
of antennas, thereby imparting increased flexibility in the design of emerging
wireless systems.

The conventional Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method


has a unique feature of computation in time domain and accuracy. However,
the numerical dispersion and execution time limits the use of FDTD method
in analysing complex structures. The Daubechies wavelet based Sampling Bi
orthogonal Time domain (SBTD) method is presented in detail in this thesis.

Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna system is one of


the smart antenna technologies that significantly improve the gain as well as
throughput of WiMAX systems. A printed Minkowski fractal geometry is
used in the design of miniaturized antenna. The performance of the novel
Minkowski fractal antenna is evaluated at various stages of fractal iteration
123

and also by changing the indentation width. MIMO antenna system based on
Minkowski fractal element is customized for dual band WiMAX application.

Emerging mobile communication systems require efficient and


miniaturized antenna with provision for multiband performance. A compact
printed monopole antenna based on Cantor fractal geometry has been
proposed for tri band application in wireless band. Various types of geometry
such as Triadic and Pentadic Cantor antennae have been designed and
developed.

The next generation wireless systems demand antennas resonating


at wireless frequencies which are closely separated. Conventional fractal
antennas possess periodic resonance behavior and may not be suitable for
emerging wireless standards. A novel concept of multifractality is introduced
in the design of Cantor fractal antenna which permits the antenna to provide
multiband operation covering many wireless standards.

All the novel antennas proposed in this thesis namely Minkowski


fractal antenna, Cantor fractal antenna and Multifractal Cantor antenna are
numerically analysed, simulated, fabricated, tested and validated.

6.2 FUTURE WORK

In the area of fractal antennas there are many more geometries that
need to be explored in the design of antennas. Further work is required to get
an understanding of the relationship between the performance of the antenna
and the multifractal dimension of the geometry that is utilized in its
construction. This also requires the application of multifractal in the design of
small and larger three dimensional antennas.
124

Fractals can also be incorporated in the design of antenna feed line


and associated components in order to reduce the dimension of overall
system. The application of more than single fractal geometry in designing
antennas and components can be made in an efficient manner to achieve
compactness.

It has been reported in the literature and observed in our laboratory


that newer materials like Smart/Meta materials could provide further
miniaturization of antennas. It would be appropriate and worthwhile to study
the performance characteristics of novel antennas made of newer materials
and novel fractals.

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