Designed & Presented by
Mr. QUANG KHNH, HCMUT
12/2010 Quang Khnh HoChiMinh City University of Technology 1
Email: dqkhanh@[Link] or doquangkhanh@[Link]
Production & Completion System
System analysis allows PE to both analyze production and design well completion.
(After Mach et al. 1979)
Production & Completion System
Production performance involves matching up the following three aspects:
(1)Inflow performance of formation fluid flow from formation to the wellbore.
(2)Vertical lift performance as the fluids flow up the tubing to surface.
(3)Choke or bean performance as the fluids flow through the restriction at
surface.
Pressure loss distribution.
Production & Completion System
Effect of skin on bottomhole pressure Pwf
Linear flow of liquid through rock
(2.1)
Flow Regimes
Flow Regimes - Comparison
Pressure profile at location r = ri
Steady-state Flow
Pressure
Semisteady-state Flow
Unsteady-state Flow
Time
Time to feel boundary
Assumed well is completed in a circular reservoir with
drainage radius of re, then the time it takes for pressure
transient to reach the boundary is:
(2.2)
ct is the total system compressibility
IPR curves
Single-phase liquid flow
(2.3)
(2.4)
Single-phase gas flow
(2.5)
(2.6)
Single-phase gas flow
(2.7)
(2.8)
Gas PVT data
Gas Well Performance
Rawlins and Schellhardt
(2.9)
(2.10)
Rawlins and Schellhardt analysis
LOG-LOG Plot
Slope = 1/n
or
AOF
Gas flow rate qg
Gas Well Performance
Houpeurt (non-Darcy flow effects)
(2.11)
(2.12)
Gas Well Performance
Houpeurt (non-Darcy flow effects)
(2.13)
Jones, Blount, and Glaze
(2.14)
Graph to determine a and b
Slope = b
or
Intercept = a
Gas flow rate qg
Oil Well Performance
Vogel IPR
(2.15)
Fetkovich (2.16)
(2.17)
Oil Well Performance
Jones, Blount, and Glaze (non-Darcy effects)
(2.18)
(2.19)
Oil Well Performance
Vogels IPR for two-phase flow
(2.20)
(2.21)
(2.22)
Determination of J
J is determination depends on the flowing bottom-hole
pressure of the test point
(2.23)
(2.24)
Wellbore Flow Performance
Pressure drop in the wellbore
(2.25)
Kinetic energy correction factor Work done Irreversible energy losses
For most practical applications, assume W = 0, a = 1 (2.26)
Pressure drop in pipe
Pressure drop for any fluid at any pipe inclination:
(2.27)
Flow Through Chokes
Wellhead choke controls the surface pressure and production rate
from a well
Chokes usually are selected so the fluctuations in the line pressure
downstream of the choke have no effect on the production rate
Flow through the choke at critical flow conditions.
The flow rate is a function of upstream or tubing pressure only
(downstream pressure must be approx. 0.55 or less of the tubing
pressure)
Flow Equations
Single-phase gas flow (Beggs equation):
(2.28)
y = ratio of the downstream pressure to the wellhead pressure
Critical flow condition: (2.29)
Two-phase critical flow
Empirical equation:
(2.30)
Example: choke equation
Use two-phase critical flow to estimate the flowing wellhead
pressure for a given set of well conditions. The well is
producing 400 STB/D of oil with a gas-liquid ratio of 800
Scf/STB. Estimate the flowing wellhead pressure for a choke
size of 12/64 in with Gilberts choke equation.
System Analysis
Inflow section:
Outflow section:
Inflow and Outflow performance
curves
System Analysis Examples
System Analysis Examples
Matching the Inflow and Tubing Performance
Method 1 Reservoir
and tubing pressure loss
convergence in predicting
bottomhole flowing
pressure
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Matching the Inflow and Tubing Performance
Procedures
1. Predict Pwf as a function of inflow flowrate q from the
reservoir using either:
1. The straight line assumptions, the productivity index
and reservoir static or average pressure
2. A radial inflow performance equation
3. Vogels technique or a variant thereof
2. Predict Pwf from pressure loss in the tubing using:
1. Specific PTH, tubing size and length, flowing gas
liquid ratio
2. Predict PTH, tubing size and length, flowing gas
liquid ratio
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Matching the Inflow and Tubing Performance
35
Matching the Inflow and Tubing Performance
Method 2 cumulative pressure loss from reservoir to
separator
IPR is the basis of pressure availability.
PTH will be calculated as a function of flowrate.
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