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Drawing Rules for Dense Buildings

This document provides guidance on interpreting and drawing dense building blocks and multi-layer buildings in a project. It describes key aspects like understanding the dense buildings have different roof materials and narrow lanes. It provides rules for drawing dense building blocks as a single block and then separating features. It also provides rules for drawing multi-layer buildings, including outlining the top layer and dragging it to lower layers. Common errors like incorrect merging/separation and missing buildings or multi-layers are also described.

Uploaded by

julio infante
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Topics covered

  • building footprint,
  • common mistakes,
  • building color,
  • adjoining buildings,
  • building overlap,
  • significant height differences,
  • drawing accuracy,
  • building adjacency,
  • project requirements,
  • building shape
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
87 views24 pages

Drawing Rules for Dense Buildings

This document provides guidance on interpreting and drawing dense building blocks and multi-layer buildings in a project. It describes key aspects like understanding the dense buildings have different roof materials and narrow lanes. It provides rules for drawing dense building blocks as a single block and then separating features. It also provides rules for drawing multi-layer buildings, including outlining the top layer and dragging it to lower layers. Common errors like incorrect merging/separation and missing buildings or multi-layers are also described.

Uploaded by

julio infante
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Topics covered

  • building footprint,
  • common mistakes,
  • building color,
  • adjoining buildings,
  • building overlap,
  • significant height differences,
  • drawing accuracy,
  • building adjacency,
  • project requirements,
  • building shape

Project Specific Requirements

Project Tab 115


Contents

• Understanding the project


• Building Interpretation
• Drawing Rules:
• Dense Buildings block
• Multi layer with adjoining dense building blocks
• Common errors:
• Incorrect merging/separation
• Missing some buildings
• Leave space between buildings adjoining with each other
• Forget to drag side-wall
• Missing multi-layers
• Backyard/ground not excluded
Understanding the project
• Dense buildings
• Multi-layer buildings adjoining
single layer dense building blocks
• Roof material is different than
usual
• Narrow lane between house that
are not visible in the imagery

Task imagery
Understanding the project
• Roof material is different than usual
• Narrow lane between house that are not visible in the imagery
• Roof color might be different within the same structure.

Different roof
material
Roof color may
vary within the
same structure

Narrow Lanes
Building Interpretation

Dense Building Blocks:

• context:(1)Has similar height and built adjoining with each other


(2) the block is large(3)collectively appear
• shape:similar fashion & size
• color:color might vary
• texture:(1)dense and might have different rooftops(2)inward
areas might be backyard and ground

5
Building Interpretation

Multi-layer buildings
adjoining dense building
blocks:

• context:(1)Has varying heights


but built adjoining with each other
(2)side-wall showing the
difference in height
• shape:Mostly vary in fashion &
size
• color:color might vary
• texture:rooftops usually vary

Dense building block


Multi Layer building
adjoining dense
building block

6
Drawing Rules

Dense Building Block


Drawing rules – draw as one, then separate where appropriate. Remember to exclude any
ground or yard.

Common errors

1. Incorrect merging/separation
2. Missing some buildings

3. Leave space between buildings adjoining with each other


4. Forget to drag side-wall

5. Missing multi-layers
6. Backyard/ground not excluded

7
Drawing Rules

Dense Building Blocks:


• Draw as one – Cut the block as a whole
• Start separating the features by first cutting along
the obvious lines
• Look for clear breaks and continue cutting
• Analyze the roof material, roof color and building
structure before you draw.
• Differentiate between grounds and buildings
• Do not overcut
• If confused, always use your judgement and
interpretation based on your prior knowledge of
what features look like.
WATCH THE VIDEO TUTORIAL
8
Drawing Rules

We will be drawing deadlocks only for this project

Deadlock – buildings does


not have any access to
roads

9
Drawing Rules

Multi-layer buildings adjoining dense building blocks:


Draw multi-layers, Including rooftop building layers with area larger than 10 * 10 pixels OR when you can see
obvious side-wall(no less than 3 pixels)

• Analyze the building block and identify the multi-layer buildings


• Start outlining the rooftop of the top layer and drag it to the lower layer.
• Draw the block of buildings as one including the multi layer buildings (Make sure to follow the yellow
lines)
• Important: always separate the multi layer buildings by cutting it from the rest of the block.
• Make sure to group

Repeat the process of drawing dense building block. (Review the slide
on how to draw dense building blocks)

WATCH THE VIDEO TUTORIAL


10
Drawing Rules

Multi-layer buildings adjoining dense building blocks:

11
Dense Building Block
ii. Common errors – 1. Incorrect merging/separation
Cutting rules:
• Cut reasonably based on visible building boundaries
• Cut reasonably based on different roof colors (with
sharp color transition)
• Cut reasonably based on different roof textures
• Don’t cut too much

Case 1: Cut too roughly. Need more separation based


on the cutting rules.

Blank
Cut too roughly image

incorrect correct 12
Dense Building Block
ii. Common errors – 1. Incorrect merging/separation

• Cut reasonably based on visible building


boundaries
• DO NOT cut randomly
• DO NOT cut as a chess board

Case 2 DO NOT cut buildings without


visible building boundaries

Incorrect

Bland image Correct 13


Dense Building Block
ii. Common errors – 2. Missing some buildings

• Draw the adjoining building block as one, and then cut appropriately to avoid missing
buildings.
• DO NOT draw buildings one by one.
Case 1: Some buildings are missing in the dense building block.
Drawing dense building one by one will easily omit
some buildings, and draw gaps between buildings.

Blank image incorrect correct 14


Dense Building Block
ii. Common errors – 3. Leave space between buildings adjoining with each other

• Don’t leave space for buildings adjoining with


each other
• Using “draw a block as a whole, then cut”
technique can avoid this error.
Using “draw a block as a whole, then
Case 1 cut” technique can avoid this error.

Blank image

Incorrect
Correct
15
Dense Building Block
ii. Common errors – 4. Forget to drag side-wall

• Shift building to the reasonable bottom, otherwise, building footprints location


will be wrong. Even worse, building footprints might overlap with road.
• We can analyze road shape to help speculate the real building footprint.
Case 1
Drag 3D buildings when see the sidewall, and
make sure the footprints DO NOT overlap the road

16
Dense Building Block
ii. Common errors – 4. Forget to drag side-wall

• Shift building to the reasonable bottom, otherwise, building footprints location will be
wrong. Even worse, building footprints might overlap with road.

Case 2: before dragging the side-wall, building footprints are overlapped with road
incorrectly. After shifting footprints to the bottom, the footprints have much more accurate
location.

Yellow dash lines show the correct


See side-wall here location of building footprints.

No overlap
Yellow lines show the location
of road, which is overlapped
Correct
with building footprints.
Incorrect
17
Dense密集房屋群
Building Block
ii. 常见错误
ii. Common – 6.
errors 未画出多层结构
– 5. Missing multi-layers

• If the dense buildings have significant


different heights, draw those significant
multi-layers.
• Including rooftop building layers with
area larger than 10 * 10 pixels,OR can
see obvious side-wall(no less than 3
pixels)
• Refer to video tutorial for more details. Incorrect

Draw multi-layers for


buildings with significant
different height & rooftop
structures

Blank image Correct


18
Dense Building Block
ii. Common errors – 6. Backyard/ground not excluded

• Usually dense building block have all buildings are adjoining with each other. However, for some
area, there are some ground and inner yards which need to be excluded.
• From Google image, we can find out there are ground in dense building block. See arrows below.

19
Dense Building Block
ii. Common errors – 6. Backyard/ground not excluded

• Rules for identifying backyard/ground:


1. Ground is lower than buildings. You can see dark
shadow on ground area.
2. Sometimes there are some fence around the
backyard. You can see inward shadow which
indicates that the backyard is lower than
surrounding buildings.
3. Sometimes you can even see trees inside or
cars parking on it.
Google image

The inward shadow indicates the inner yard

satellite image 20
Street view
Dense Building Block
ii. Common errors – 6. Backyard/ground not excluded

• Rules for identifying backyard/ground:


1. Ground is lower than buildings. You can see dark
shadow on ground area.
2. Sometimes there are some fence around the backyard.
You can see inward shadow which indicates that the
backyard is lower than surrounding buildings.
3. Sometimes you can even see trees inside or cars
parking on it.
Case 1: exclude ground/backyard. Don’t draw as “chess board”
Ground is very dark and you can see inward
shadow caused by the fence around the backyard Incorrect

Correct
Blank image 21
Dense Building Block
ii. Common errors – 6. Backyard/ground not excluded

• The inward shadow caused by surrounding buildings


indicates that the area is inner yard.
• There are some cars or grass on ground (no building
roof texture).

Case 2: This dense building block has all low-rise


buildings. And these buildings have similar roof texture.
So the areas even lower than the buildings should be
ground.

Inward shadow means No roof texture


this area is lower than & has car on it Blank image
buildings  ground  ground

incorrect correct 22
Dense Building Block
ii. Common errors – 6. Backyard/ground not excluded

• The narrow white objects in the purple circles are vehicles, which indicates that these
areas are ground or backyard.
• Tips: some vehicles have dark color. Those narrow grey or black stuff are also vehicles.

Case 3: The areas with vehicles parking on it are ground or backyard, should be
excluded.

Correct 23
END

24

Common questions

Powered by AI

Appropriately separating multi-layer buildings is crucial because these buildings have varying heights and visible side-walls that distinguish them from single-layer sections. If these layers are not correctly delineated, it may result in incorrect building interpretation and representation, potentially affecting the accuracy of the mapping data. Multi-layer buildings should be outlined separately starting from visible side-walls with a minimum of 3 pixels in height difference .

Mapping multi-layer buildings adjoining single-layer dense blocks presents challenges due to varying heights and potential mixing of roof textures. To address these, first identify significant height differences and use visible side-walls to delineate between layers. Follow detailed guidelines such as referencing clear breaks or yellow lines and grouping the correct layers while ensuring separation is carefully managed based on visual and contextual cues. Incorporating these practices ensures a coherent structural mapping, respecting the overlaying complexities .

To prevent incorrect merging or separation, draw the entire block as one unit first, then progressively separate based on visible lineations, changes in roof material, color transitions, and different heights. Avoid random cuts and ensure that each division aligns with these characteristics. Additionally, use contextual judgment from prior knowledge to make informed separations when visual evidence may not be clear .

Drawing buildings one by one in dense areas is discouraged because it can lead to missing some buildings and creating gaps between adjoining structures. This piecemeal approach contradicts the overall understanding and interpretation of dense blocks, where connectedness and uniformity are essential. Creating the entire block initially ensures completeness and reduces the risk of omission .

Common errors include incorrect merging or separation of building blocks, missing some buildings, leaving space between buildings that adjoin each other, forgetting to drag the side-wall, missing multi-layer structures, and not excluding backyard or ground areas. To avoid these, it's important to draw the block as a whole and then cut appropriately based on building boundaries, roof colors, and textures. Don't cut randomly or overcut, and ensure significant multi-layer differences are identified and separated. Side-walls should be carefully dragged to avoid overlaps with roads .

When encountering multiple roof colors within the same structure, it's crucial to identify these as potential boundaries for separation during the drawing process. Sharp color transitions suggest different sections or layers within the structure, which may adjoin but should be drawn distinctly. This sensitivity to color variations ensures precise structural interpretation aligning with project requirements .

Roof materials and colors significantly influence the drawing and separation of building blocks as they provide clear boundaries for cutting. Different roof textures or sharp transitions in color are cues for where one should draw separations within dense blocks. This detailed attention ensures that each building is accurately represented, which is essential for tasks involving dense blocks that have similar shapes and may otherwise be difficult to differentiate .

Building footprints should be shifted to a reasonable bottom position to prevent overlaps with roads. This involves analyzing road shapes and ensuring that side-walls are correctly aligned, which allows for accurate footprint placement. Detecting visible walls or using direct reference lines for roads can prevent overlaps, thus ensuring the building data's accuracy and reliability .

Ground or backyard areas are typically lower than the buildings and can be identified by dark shadows or inward shadows caused by surrounding buildings. These areas may also have fences indicating their lower position. You can sometimes see trees or parked cars in these areas, which are absent of building roof textures, thus indicating they should be excluded from the dense building block .

Narrow lanes play a critical role as they often separate and define boundaries between building blocks. Although they may not be visible in the imagery, their presence must be acknowledged as they influence the interpretation of boundaries and adjoining structures. Properly recognizing these lanes helps in accurately mapping the structural layout and spatial relationships in dense areas .

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