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Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia Pathophysiology

Pediatric community-acquired pneumonia occurs through a multi-step pathophysiological process. First, microbes are aspirated into the lower respiratory tract, where they evade defense mechanisms and invade the lungs. This triggers an immune response as B cells produce antibodies and antigen-antibody complexes form. This leads to mucosal irritation, increased mucus and blood flow, edema, and exudate filling the airways. Ultimately, ineffective airway clearance occurs, resulting in consolidation of the lungs and an asymmetrical chest presentation. Fever develops as the immune response detects and destroys the infected cells through effector T cells and cytokines.

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Lardel Caray
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500 views2 pages

Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia Pathophysiology

Pediatric community-acquired pneumonia occurs through a multi-step pathophysiological process. First, microbes are aspirated into the lower respiratory tract, where they evade defense mechanisms and invade the lungs. This triggers an immune response as B cells produce antibodies and antigen-antibody complexes form. This leads to mucosal irritation, increased mucus and blood flow, edema, and exudate filling the airways. Ultimately, ineffective airway clearance occurs, resulting in consolidation of the lungs and an asymmetrical chest presentation. Fever develops as the immune response detects and destroys the infected cells through effector T cells and cytokines.

Uploaded by

Lardel Caray
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PEDIATRIC COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA

NON MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS: MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS:


- Age -Environment (Having Relatives
- Weather with cough and colds)

Aspiration of Secretions Containing Microbes

Failure of Defense Mechanisms

Invasion of the Lower Respiratory Tract

Activation of B Cells

Release of Antibodies

Antigen-Antibody Reaction

Antigen Antibody Complexes Adhere Initiation of Complement System


to the Mucosal Lining of the Lower (Non-Specific and Specific Immune
Respiratory Tract System)

Mucosal Irritation Vasodilation

Increased Mucus Production Increased Blood Flow

Accumulation of Mucus Vasocongestion

Increased Plasma Hydrostatic Pressure

Increased Capillary Permeability

Productive
Cough
Escape of Plasma Escape of RBC, Transportation of
Proteins Serum and Fibrin Phagocyting Cells
Edema Exudate Formation Engulfing of the
Antigen
Narrowing of Filling of the
Airway Bronchi,
Replication of
Bronchioles, and
the Antigen
Alveoli
within the Cells

Consolidation
Cells become
of Lung
Infected

Inspiratory Increased Asymmetrical Use of Decreased


rales Respiration Chest Accessory Lung Inflation Detection of the
Expansion Muscles Infected Cells by
the T Cells

Effector T Cells
Destroy the
Antigen

Regulator T Cells
Strengthen the
Activity of thje
Effector Cells

Effector and
Regulator Cells
Synthesize and
Release Cytokines

Release of
Pyrogens
Altered Temperature
Regulating
Mechanism in the
Hypothalamus

Effective Breathing
Fever
Pattern
Ineffective Airway
Clearance

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