IEH4E2 ACADEMIC PROPOSAL WRITING C

(2 CREDITS)

Week 1: INTRODUCTION
Course Description

■ Discuss about Research Method, Citation and how to write a

Bibliography, and also academic writing in Final Project Proposal
■ Students choose their research topic and supervisor
■ Students do consultation sessions with their supervisor to discuss
about Final Project Proposal in 6 sessions at minimum
■ At the end of the course, students have to submit heir Final Project
Proposal that will be reviewed by their supervisor with another
reviewer (lecturer)
Learning Objective

■ Students are able to understand characteristics and steps in doing

scientific research
■ Students are able to apply Citation and Bibliography Writing Technique
■ Students are able to apply academic writing principles to create their
Final Project
■ Students are able to apply academic writing principles to create their
academic paper
Rule of Conduct

■ Behave in class
■ Communication devices are not allowed to be used during in class
■ Every assignment and other requirement must be submitted on time
(check the timeline)
■ Plagiarism is strictly prohibited, “E” mark will be given to those who
do plagiarism
Course Schedule
■ The in-class sessions will be conducted until week 5
■ Week 1 to Week 5
• Lecturing session, choosing the research topic and assignments
■ Week 6 to Week 12
• Consultation session with supervisor (6 times at minimum)
■ Mid-term Exam (Week 8)
• Submission deadline of Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 to Class Lecturer
■ Week 12
• Proposal submission period
■ Week 13 and 14
• Proposal evaluation period
Grading System (1)

■ Class Assignment (20%)

 1st assignment : Paper Review
 2nd assignment : Chapter 1 and Chapter 2
■ Eprt (10%)
■ Final Project Proposal (70%)
 Supervisor (40%)
 Reviewer (30%)
Grading System (2)

Nilai Skor Matakuliah Nilai Mata Kuliah

(NSM) (NMK)
80 < NSM A
70 < NSM ≤ 80 AB
65 < NSM ≤ 70 B
60 < NSM ≤ 65 BC
50 < NSM ≤ 60 C
40 < NSM ≤ 50 D
NSM ≤ 40 E
Reference

1. Sekaran, Uma, Business Research Methods: Skill Building Approach,

John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 6th edition, 2013
2. Thiel, David v., Research Methods for Engineer, Cambrige University
Press, 2014
3. Hofmann, Angelika H, Scientific Writing and Communication, Oxford
University Press, 2010
4. London Imperial College, Citing & Referencing: Harvard Style, The
Library, 2012
Things that need to be considered

■ It is suggested to form a team in making Final Project

■ Subject (IEH4E2) pass Requirements,
 EPRT ≥ 450, (Min 500 for Final Project)
 TAK ≥ 60
 Students must attend to other student’s Final Project Presentations
 1st Assignment
(Paper Review)
■ Choose one paper from International journal/proceeding based
on your final project topic
■ Grading :
– Problems and aim of paper
– Problem solving method
– Analysis
– Research Result
■ Submission deadline: Week 3 (Luciana@[Link])
 2nd Assignment
(Chapter 1 and 2 Framework)
■ Create your chapter 1 and 2 framework with:
 Write you chapter and sub-chapter plan
 Write the points that will be explained in every sub-chapter
■ Grading:
 The completeness of sub-chapter
 The conformity with writing system in Final Project Proposal
■ Submission deadline: Week 5
RESEARCH
What is it?
Definition of Research

A Systematic and Organized Effort to Investigate a Specific Problem or Phenomena That

Needs a Solution or Explanation
Science
Prime objective: increase knowledge of natural
system

Research
(Scientific Method)
■ Formulate Hypothesis
■ Execute Experiment
■ Analyze Test Result
■ Generalize Hypothesis Theory/Law
(New Knowledge)
■ Publish the New Knowledge
Scientific Attitude

“…scientific attitude is a way of looking at the world. It is an attitude that values

craftsmanship, with pride in creativity, high quality standards, and hard work.”
(Neuman, 1994, p. 8).

Grinnell (1987, p. 125):”Many people learns about the “scientific method” rather than
about the scientific attitude. While the “scientific method” is an ideal construct, the
scientific attitude is the way people have of looking at the world. Doing science
includes many methods; what makes them scientific is their acceptance by the
scientific collective.” (Neuman, 1994, p. 8)
 Building Block of Science
Identification
Observation of Problem Area

Refinement of theory
(pure research) Theoretical Framework
or or
Implementation Network of Associations
(applied research)

Interpretation
of Data Hypotheses

Analysis
of data Constructs Concepts
Data Research
Operational definitions
Collection design
Research Characteristics (1)

Purposiveness
1. Start With A Definite Aim Or Purposes For The Research
Rigor
1. Carefulness, Scrupulousness, And The Degree Of Exactitude In Research
Investigation
2. Required A Good Theoretical Base And Sound Methodological Design
Testability
1. Hypotheses Can Be Tested By Applying Certain Statistical Test To The Data
Collected For The Purpose
Research Characteristics (2)

Replicability
1. To Have Confidence, The Research Is Repeated In Other Similar Circumstances
Precision And Confidence
1. Precision Reflects The Degree Of Exactitude Of The Result Base On The Sample
2. Precision Reflect To How Close The Finding
3. Confidence Refers To The Probability That Our Estimations Or Testing Hypothesis
Are Correct
Research Characteristics (3)

Objectivity
1. Results Should Be Based On The Facts Resulting From The Actual Data Not On Our
Subjective Or Emotional Value
Generalizability
1. Refers To The Scope Of Applicability Of The Research Finding In One Organizational
Setting To Another Setting
Parsimony
1. Simple
Type of Research(1)

Basic Research Applied Research

1. Curiosity 1. Need/Problem
2. Theory/Explanation 2. Product/Services/Method
3. Neutral 3. Purposive
4. Public Domain 4. Private Domain

Discovery Invention
 TYPE OF RESEARCH(1)

Basic Research Applied Research

- Curiosity - Need/Problem
- Theory/Explanation - Product/Services/Method
- Neutral - Purposive
- Public Domain - Private Domain

Discovery Invention
Types of Research(2)

■ Basic Research
 Add or Contribute to The Body of Knowledge In A Particular Area
 Generate More Knowledge And Understanding of The Phenomena That Occur
And to Build Theory

■ Applied Research
 Solve A Problem In The Work Setting
 Take The Decision And Action Properly And Effectively
RESEARCH TYPES
Research Types (1)

■ Qualitative
– Natural setting
– Descriptive
– Concern with process rather then outcomes
– Inductive
– Meaning is essential
■ Quantitative :
– Concrete/empiric
– Objective
– Systematic
– Measured and rational
Research Types (2)
 Based on the aim:
– Basic research
– Research and development
– Applied research

Basic Research Research and Applied

Development Research

Discovery new Invention, Knowledge/

knowledge development, product
and product application
testing
Research Types (3)
■ Based on the natural setting:
– Experiment research
– Survey Research
– Natural Research

Basic Research and Applied

Research Development Research

Laboratory Natural Natural

Treatment Treatment No Treatment
 Engineering

Science Industrial Eng.

Object :Natural System Artificial System Integrated System

Output :Theory/Knowledge Product/service Value Added
Performance :Truth Benefit Efficiency
Validity : Absolute Relative Contextual
Start : Curiosity Need/Problem Need/Problem
Profession : Scientist Engineer Engineer/Manager
 Basic Engineering Process

Input
Symptom/Need Problem ([Link])

Analysis(Incld. Experimentation)

Process
Synthesis of Alt. Solution

Decision ( Best Altv.)

Output
Solution, System, or
Method
Engineering

Prime objective: use the knowledge to design and

develops usable devices, structure and
processes for better human life

Design Process
Identification of Need
Problem Definition
Search
Constraint
Criteria
Alternative Solution
Analysis
Decision
Specification
Communication
WHY IE WAS BORN ?
Industrial Engineering ?

Industrial Engineering Is Concerned With the Design, Improvement, and Installation of

Integrated Systems of People, Material, Information, Equipment, and Energy. It Draws
Upon Specialized Knowledge and Skill in the Mathematical, Physical, and Social
Sciences Together With the Principles and Methods of Engineering Analysis and Design
to Specify, Predict, and Evaluate the Results to Be Obtained From Such System
 Integrated System

People/Man

+
Material + Equipment + Information + Energy
Integrated System

1. What is the special characteristics ?

2. What is the components ?
3. What is special form ?
4. What is Output ?
5. What is the performance criteria ?
Integrated Approach

Looking something through thorough and comprehensive way (not partially)

Systemic Approach
Problem

Difference

Expectation Reality
Objective Achievement
HOW TO GET THE
SOLUTION?
 Problem
Yes
Common Sense? Use&Choose

No
Yes
Model Standard? Formulate

New Alternatives Build New Model Simulation

Solution

Decision
 Model Building Process
Analyses of System
Modeler •Problem Formulation Real System
•Components Model

Model Formulation

Solution

No
Valid ?
Yes
Stop
Analysis of System

■ Formulate the Problem

■ Determine Performance Criteria
■ Identification of Components Model
– Decision Variable
– Constraints
– Parameter
– Logical Relationship
Model Formulation

Determine the relationship among performance criteria, variables,

parameters and constraints

Objective function : V = f ( Xi, Yi, Ai )

Constraints : f ( Xi, Yi, Ai ) < Bi
Solution

■ Value of Decision Variable

■ Input For Decision Making

Feasible Best Optimal

(Simulation) (Heuristic) (Analytic)
Decision
Problem

Decision Criteria

Solution + Judgment

Scientific Art
Basic Knowledge And Tool

■ Basic knowledge
■ Mathematics
■ Physical Phenomena
■ Social Science
■ Tool
■ Method and Engineering Analysis
■ Model
■ Process
■ Design
■ Systemic and Integrated
What IE Has To Do?

1. Problem Identification
2. Generate Alternatives
3. Know the Standard Models
4. Decide Performance Criteria
5. Choose the Best Solution
6. Make Decision
7. Anticipate Managerial Implication
8. Action
Impact of Operations Research

The development of industrial engineering has been greatly influenced by

the impact of an analysis approach called operations research.

This approach originated in England and the United States during 2nd
World War and was aimed at solving difficult war-related problems
through the use of science, mathematics, behavioral science, probability
theory, and statistics.
Impact of Digital Computers

Digital computers permit the rapid and accurate handling of vast

quantities of data, thereby permitting the IE to design systems for
effectively managing and controlling large, complex operations.

The digital computer also permits the IE to construct computer

simulation models of manufacturing facilities and the like in order to
evaluate the effectiveness of alternative facility configurations,
different management policies, and other management
considerations.
Emergence of Service Industries

In the early days of the industrial engineering profession, IE practice

was applied almost fully in manufacturing organizations. After the 2nd
World War there was a growing awareness that the principles and
techniques of IE were also applicable in non-manufacturing
environments.

Thousands of Industrial Engineers are employed by government

organizations to increase efficiency, reduce paperwork, design
computerized management control systems, implement project
management techniques, monitor the quality and reliability of vendor-
supplied purchases, and for many other functions
EXAMPLES OF IE FINAL
PROJECT
Examples of IE Final Project

1. Noise reduction of a wet/dry vacuum cleaner

2. Redesign of puck-stop toggle mechanism
3. Redesign of Coin and Card-Public Phone by using Design For
Assembly Method
4. Design of inventory control system by using probabilistic methods
THANKS