Design of composite beams - BUT FCE KDK Ondřej Pešek – Draft 2017

HOW TO CHECK STEEL-CONCRETE COMPOSITE

BEAM?
…worked examples for CO001
WORKED EXAMPLE 1: BEAM WITH TRAPEZOIDAL SHEET
Secondary beam is composed of IPE section (S235) and concrete (C25/30) slab of 50 mm high on
trapezoidal sheet VSŽ 11002 which is oriented perpendicular to the IPE beam. Shear force is transferred
using shear studs Köco 19/75.

Geometry
L = 6000 mm secondary beam span hc
hp
l = 1800 mm secondary beam spacing
hc = 50 mm concrete slab high
ha
hp = 50 mm trapezoidal sheet high
ha = 200 mm IPE beam high

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 Design of composite beams - BUT FCE KDK Ondřej Pešek – Draft 2017

Loads
Dead loads

IPE weight g a  Aa  78,50  2848.10 6  78,50  0,22 kN/m

Trapezoidal sheet weight g trap  0,22 kN/m

Concrete slab weight g c  heq  25  l  0,08225  25  1,8  3,70 kN/m

where equivalent concrete slab high heq is constant high of concrete slab of cross section area equal to cross
section area of concrete slab concreted into trapezoidal sheet according to the figure below.

Overall dead load g k  g a  g trap  g c  0, 22  0, 22  3,7  4,14 kN/m

Imposed loads

Service load on ceiling qserv  3,0 kN/m 2

qk  qserv  l  3,0 1,8  5,40 kN/m

Loads combinations

For SLS f k  1,0  g k  1,0  qk  4,14  5,4  9,54 kN/m

For ULS f d  1,35  g k  1,5  qk  1,35  4,14  1,5  5,4  13,69 kN/m

Internal forces

1 1
M Ed   f d  L2   13,69  62  61,61 kNm bending moment
8 8
1 1
VEd   f d  L   13,69  6  41,08 kN shear force
2 2

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 Design of composite beams - BUT FCE KDK Ondřej Pešek – Draft 2017

Alternative a: Elastic solution

Shear resistance

Shear resistance of composite beam is the same as for steel IPE section – shear resistance of concrete slab is
neglected. Shear stress in IPE web should not exceed shear strength of steel.

VEd  S y 41,08 .10 3  104,8 .10 3

 Ed    39,57 MPa
I y  tw 19, 43 .10 6  5,6

where

tw is web thickness
Iy is second moment of area

Sy is first moment of area for horizontal cut in the centroidal axis

Reliability criterion

 Ed 39 ,57
  0,29  1,0 => condition is satisfied
fy 3 235 3
 M0 1,0

Bending resistance
Normal stress in IPE flanges should not exceed yield strength of steel and normal stress in concrete slab
should not exceed compressive strength of concrete. The calculation is carried out with effective width of
concrete slab beff due to shear lug.

beff  b0   bei  0  750  750  1500 mm

where

be1  be2  l0 8  6000 8  750 mm  b1  b2  900 mm

where l 0  L for simple beam

The composite section is substituted by all-steel section with reduced slab width using n ratio.

Ea 210
n   14,0
Ec 15

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 Design of composite beams - BUT FCE KDK Ondřej Pešek – Draft 2017

where

Ea  210 GPa Young's modulus of steel

Ecm 30
Ec    15 GPa commonly used simplification to take into account long term effects
2 2

Ideal (equivalent) all-steel section:

Cross section area of equivalent (ideal) all-steel section

Ac 75000
Ai  Aa   2848   8205 mm 2
n 14
where

Ac  beff  hc  1500  50  75000 mm 2 is cross section area of concrete slab

Aa  2848 mm 2 is cross section area of IPE beam

First moment of area of equivalent all-steel section

Sc 1875.103
Si  Sa   569,6.103   703,5.103 mm 3
n 14
where

Sa  Aa  z a  2848  200  569,6.103 mm 3 is first moment of steel part to the upper fibres of slab

Sc  Ac  z c  75000  25  1875.103 mm 3 first moment of concrete part to the upper fibres of slab

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 Design of composite beams - BUT FCE KDK Ondřej Pešek – Draft 2017

Position of centroid axis of equivalent all-steel section

S i 703,5.103
zi, top    85,7 mm
Ai 8205

Second moment of area (moment of inertia) of equivalent all-steel section

I c,i 292,4.10 6
I i  I a,i   56,61.10 6
 77,50.10 6 mm 4
n 14
where

I a, i  I a  Aa  za2  19,43.106  2848 114,32  56,61.106 mm 4 is moment of inertia of steel part

I c, i  I c  Ac  zc2  15,63.106  75000  60,7 2  292,4.106 mm 4 is moment of inertia of concrete part

I a  19,43.10 6 mm 4 moment of inertia of IPE to the own centroid

axis (taken from static tables)

1 1
Ic   beff  hc3   1500  50 3  15,63.10 6 mm 4 moment of inertia of concrete slab to the own
12 12
centroid axis

M Ed 61,61.10 6
1   z1   214,3  170,4 MPa
Ii 77,50.10 6

M Ed 61,61.10 6
2   z2   14,3  11,4 MPa
Ii 77,50.10 6

1 M Ed 1 61,61.10 6
3    z3    - 35,7   2,03 MPa
n Ii 14 77,50.10 6

1 M Ed 1 61,61.10 6
4    z4    - 85,7   4,87 MPa
n Ii 14 77,50.10 6

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 Design of composite beams - BUT FCE KDK Ondřej Pešek – Draft 2017

Criterion for steel part

1 170,4
  0,73  1,0 => condition is satisfied
f y  M0 235 1,0

Criterion for concrete part

4 4,87
  0,37  1,0 => condition is satisfied
f ck  c 20 1,5

Shear studs
Will be added

Deflection in serviceability limit state

Overall deflection of composite beam depends on the way of erectionning. In the case of erectionning
without intermediate supports some load cases act on steel IPE section with no composite action and other
load cases act on composite section.
Load cases acting on steel IPE section: weight of concrete mixture, trapezoidal sheet weight and IPE weight

f k,1  g a  g trap  g c  0,22  0,22  3,7  4,14 kN/m

5 f k,1  L
4
5 4,14  6000 4
w1      17,1 mm
384 Ea  I a 384 210.10 3  19, 43.10 6

Load cases acting on composite section: imposed loads

f k,2  qk  5,40 kN/m

5 f k,2  L
4
5 5,40  6000 4
w2      4,3 mm
384 Ei  I i 384 210.10 3  77,50.106

Overall deflection:

w  w1  w2  17,1  4,3  21,4 mm

Limit value of deflection:

L 6000
wlim    24 mm
250 250

Criterion for deflection

w 21,4
  0,89  1,0 => condition is satisfied
wlim 24

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 Design of composite beams - BUT FCE KDK Ondřej Pešek – Draft 2017

Alternative b: Plastic solution

Shear resistance

Shear resistance of composite beam is the same as for steel IPE section – shear resistance of concrete slab is
neglected.

Av  f y 3 1025  235 3
V pl, Rd    139 ,07 kN
 M0 1,0

where
Av is shear affected area of IPE = web area
Reliability criterion

V Ed 41,08
  0,30  1,0 => condition is satisfied
V pl, Rd 139 ,07

Bending resistance
Effective width of concrete slab due to shear lug

beff  b0   bei  0  750  750  1500 mm

where

be1  be2  l0 8  6000 8  750 mm  b1  b2  900 mm

where l 0  L for simple beam

High of compressed part of concrete slab is calculated from equation where normal force in IPE section is
equal to normal force in concrete slab for assumption that neutral axis passes through concrete slab.

Fa  Fc Aa  f yd  Ac  0,85  f cd where Ac  beff  x

from there

Aa  f yd 2848  235
x   39 mm
0,85  beff  f cd 0,85  1500  13,3

where

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 Design of composite beams - BUT FCE KDK Ondřej Pešek – Draft 2017

f ck 20
f cd    13,3 MPa
 C 1,5

fy 235
f yd    235 MPa
M 1,0

x  39 mm  hc  50 mm => assumption is satisfied

Plastic bending resistance

M pl, Rd  Fa  r  Fc  r  669 , 28  0,161  107 ,75 kNm

where

r  ha 2  hc  hp  x  100  50  50  39  161 mm  0,161 m

Fa  Aa  f yd  2848  235  669,28.10 3 N  669,28 kN

Fc  Aa  0,85  f cd  150  39  0,85  13,3  669,28.103 N  669, 28 kN

Reliability criterion

M Ed 61,61
  0,´57  1,0 => condition is satisfied
M pl, Rd 107 ,75

Shear studs
d = 19 mm diameter of shear stud
hsc = 75 mm length of shear stud

Characteristic bearing resistance of one shear stud with diameter from 16 mm to 25 mm

 πd2   π  19 2 
 0 ,8  f u    0 ,8  400   90,73 
Prk  min  4   min  4   min    80 ,24 kN
0,29    d 80 , 24 

2
f ck  E cm  0,29  0,99  19 2 20  30000 
 
where

Ecm = 30 GPa concrete Young's modulus for short load duration

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 Design of composite beams - BUT FCE KDK Ondřej Pešek – Draft 2017

h   75  hsc 75
  0, 2   sc  1  0, 2    1   0,99 for   3,94  4
 d   19  d 19

Design bearing resistance for trapezoidal sheet oriented perpendicular to the IPE beam

Prk  k t 80,24  0,85

Prd    54 ,56 kN
V 1,25

where kt is factor for concrete slabs concreted into trapezoidal sheet oriented perpendicular to the IPE beam

0,7 b0  hsc  0,7 129  75 

kt     1     1  0,903  k t, max  0,85 => k t  0,85
n r h p  hp 
 1 50  50 

Overall shear force between IPE section and concrete slab

 Aa  f yd  2848  235  669 ,28 

N cf  min    min    min    669 ,28 kN
 Ac  0,85  f cd  As  f sd  39  1500  0,85  13,3  0  669 ,28 

Minimum number of shear studs for full composite action

N cf 669 ,28
nf    12,3
PRd 54,56

Number of shear studs which is possible (maximal realizable number) to put onto beam is influenced by
shape of trapezoidal sheet. The wave length of VSŽ 11002 is 200 mm, thus shear studs spacing is 200 mm
too.

L 2 6000 2
nmax    15 => full composite action
l wave 200

Other way
Maximal spacing of shear studs for full composite action

L 2 6000 2
bmax    243,9 mm  l wave  200 mm => full composite action
nf 12,3

Deflection in serviceability limit state

The same as for elastic solution

w 21,4
  0,89  1,0 => condition is satisfied
wlim 24

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