CALENDER FOR THE YEAR 2010

JANUARY 2010 FEBRUARY 2010 MARCH 2010

WK SAT SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI WK SAT SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI WK SAT SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 10 0 0 1 2 3 4 5
2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 11 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
3 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
4 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 9 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 13 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
5 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 10 27 28 0 0 0 0 0 14 27 28 29 30 31 0 0
6 30 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

APRIL 2010 MAY 2010 JUNE 2010

WK SAT SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI WK SAT SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI WK SAT SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI

14 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 19 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 23 0 0 0 1 2 3 4
15 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 24 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
16 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 21 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 25 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
17 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 22 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 26 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
18 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 23 29 30 31 0 0 0 0 27 26 27 28 29 30 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

JULY 2010 AUGUST 2010 SEPTEMBER 2010

WK SAT SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI WK SAT SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI WK SAT SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI

27 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 32 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 36 0 0 0 0 1 2 3
28 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 33 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 37 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
29 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 34 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 38 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
30 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 35 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 39 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
31 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 36 28 29 30 31 0 0 0 40 25 26 27 28 29 30 0
32 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

OCTOBER 2010 NOVEMBER 2010 DECEMBER 2010

WK SAT SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI WK SAT SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI WK SAT SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI

40 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 45 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 49 0 0 0 0 1 2 3
41 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 46 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 50 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
42 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 47 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 51 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
43 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 48 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 52 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
44 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 49 27 28 29 30 0 0 0 53 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
45 30 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

[Link] 57, Lulu Center 11th floor, Abudhabi, UAE. Tel : 971-2-6763635

Burhanuddin Kamari
CALENDARS
Calendars are based on the movements of the sun and moon have been used since
ancient times, but none has been perfect. Most of the calendars are ‘Solar’ or ‘luni-
solar’ except the Islamic calendar, which is purely a lunar calendar.

SOLAR CALENDARS

The Julian calendar, under which Western nations measured time until A.D. 1582, was
authorized by Julius Caesar in 46 B.C., the year 709 of Rome. His expert was a Greek,
Sosigenes. The Julian calendar, on the assumption that the true year was 365 1/4 days,
gave every fourth year 366 days. The Venerable Bede, an Anglo-Saxon monk,
announced in A.D. 730 that the 365 1/4-day Julian year was 11 min, 14 sec too long, a
cumulative error of about a day every 128 years, but nothing was done about it for
more than 800 years.

By 1582 the accumulated error was estimated to amount to 10 days. In that year Pope
Gregory XIII decreed that the day following Oct. 4, 1582, should be called Oct. 15, thus
dropping 10 days and initiating what became known as the Gregorian calendar.

However, with common years 365 days and a 366-day leap year every fourth year, the
error in the length of the year would have recurred at the rate of a little more than 3
days every 400 years. Therefore, 3 of every 4 centesimal years (years ending in 00)
were made common years, not leap years. Thus, 1600 was a leap year; 1700, 1800, and
1900 were not, but 2000 will be. Leap years are those years divisible by 4, except
centesimal years, which are common unless divisible by 400.

The Gregorian calendar was adopted at once by France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and
Luxembourg. Within 2 years most German Catholic states, Belgium, and parts of
Switzerland and the Netherlands were brought under the new calendar, and Hungary
followed in 1587. The rest of the Netherlands, along with Denmark and the German
Protestant states, made the change in 1699-1700 (German Protestants retained the old
reckoning of Easter until 1776).

The British government imposed the Gregorian calendar on all its possessions,
including the American colonies, in 1752. The British decreed that the day following
Sept. 2, 1752, should be called Sept. 14, a loss of 11 days. All dates preceding were
marked O.S., for Old Style. In addition, New Year's Day was moved to Jan. 1 from Mar.
25 (e.g., under the old reckoning, Mar. 24, 1700, had been followed by Mar. 25, 1701

In 1793 the French revolutionary government adopted a calendar of 12 months of 30

days each with 5 extra days in September of each common year and a 6th extra day
every 4th year. Napoleon reinstated the Gregorian calendar in 1806.

The Gregorian system later spread to non-European regions, first in the European
colonies and then in the independent countries, replacing traditional calendars at least
for official purposes. Japan in 1873, Egypt in 1875, China in 1912, and Turkey in 1917
made the change, usually in conjunction with political upheavals. In China, the
republican government began reckoning years from its 1911 founding - e.g., 1948 was
designated the year 37. After 1949, the Communists adopted the Common, or Christian
Era, year count, even for the traditional lunar calendar.

In 1918 the revolutionary government in the Soviet Union decreed that the day after
Jan. 31, 1918, O.S., would become Feb. 14, 1918. This resulted in a loss of 13 days. N.S.
Greece followed in 1923. For the first time in history, all major cultures have one
calendar. No changes have occurred since then.

LUNAR CALENDARS

Lunar calendars are divided into 12 months of either 29 or 30 days compensating for
the lunar month's mean duration of 29 days, 12 hr, 44.05 min ( also refer note A). The
well-known lunar calendars are Islamic, Chinese, Jewish and Hindu.

The Islamic calendar is a lunar reckoning from the year of the hijra A.D. 622, when
Prophet Mohammed moved from Mecca to Medina. The dating system is based on a
year of 12 months, each month beginning approximately at the time of the New Moon.
In 1918 the revolutionary government in the Soviet Union decreed that the day after
Jan. 31, 1918, O.S., would become Feb. 14, 1918. This resulted in a loss of 13 days. N.S.
Greece followed in 1923. For the first time in history, all major cultures have one
calendar. No changes have occurred since then.

LUNAR CALENDARS

Lunar calendars are divided into 12 months of either 29 or 30 days compensating for
the lunar month's mean duration of 29 days, 12 hr, 44.05 min ( also refer note A). The
well-known lunar calendars are Islamic, Chinese, Jewish and Hindu.

The Islamic calendar is a lunar reckoning from the year of the hijra A.D. 622, when
Prophet Mohammed moved from Mecca to Medina. The dating system is based on a
year of 12 months, each month beginning approximately at the time of the New Moon.
The months are alternately 30 and 29 days long except for the 12th (Dhu-al-Hijjah), the
length of which is varied in a 30 year cycle intended to keep the calendar in step with
the true phases of the Moon. In 11 years of this cycle, Dhu-al-Hajjah has 30 days, and in
the other 19 years it has 29. Thus the year has either 354 or 355 days. No months are
intercalated, so that the named months do not remain in the same seasons but
retrogress through the entire solar year (of about 365.25 days) every 32.5 solar years.

The Chinese calendar is synchronized with the solar year by the addition of extra
months at fixed intervals. The Chinese calendar runs on a sexagenary cycle, i.e., a 60-
year cycle.

In the Jewish calendar is also a luni solar calendar. It has 12 lunar months and
approximately 11 days ( or 353,354 or 355 days). In order to bring the calendar in line
with the annual solar cycle, a 13th month of 30 days is intercalated in the 3rd, 6th, 8th,
11th, 14th, 17th and 19th years of the 19-year cycle. Therefore, a leap year may total
from 383 to 385 days. The Jewish Era in use today was popularly accepted about the
9th Century CE and is based on biblical calculations placing the creation in 3761 BCE.
BCE (Before the Common Era) and CE (Common Era) correspond to BC and AD,
respectively.

Hindu dating system used in India dates back to 1000BC and still used to establish
dates of the Hindu religious year. It is based on a year of 12 lunar months, i.e., 12 full
cycles of phases of the Moon. The discrepancy between this year of about 354 days
and the solar year (of about 365.25 days) is partially resolved by intercalation of an
extra month every 30 months.

It should be noted that in actuality the moon completes a circuit around the earth in a
period whose mean or average duration is 27 days 7 hours 43.2 minutes. This is the
moon's sidereal period. Because of the motion of the moon in common with the earth
around the sun, the mean duration of the lunar month-the period from one new moon
to the next is 29 days 12 hours 44.05 minutes.

International Date Line

An imaginary line through the Pacific Ocean roughly corresponding to 180° longitude,
to the east of which, by international agreement, the calendar date is one day earlier
than to the west.