Vadodara Institute Of Engineering
Name: Batch C (14ME701 To 14ME712)
Topic : Grinding
Teacher : Shalini Singh
Division : Mechanical 3
Sem : 3rd
GRINDING MACHINE
Introduction
• A grinding machine, often shortened to grinder, is any of
various power tools or machine tools used for grinding, which is a
type of machining using an abrasive wheel as the cutting tool. Each
grain of abrasive on the wheel's surface cuts a small chip from the
work piece via shear deformation.
• Grinding is used to finish work pieces that must show high surface
quality (e.g., low surface roughness) and high accuracy of shape
and dimension. As the accuracy in dimensions in grinding is on the
order of 0.000025 mm, in most applications it tends to be a
finishing operation and removes comparatively little metal, about
0.25 to 0.50 mm depth. However, there are some roughing
applications in which grinding removes high volumes of metal
quite rapidly. Thus, grinding is a diverse field.
• The grinding machine consists of a bed with a fixture to guide and hold the
work piece, and a power-driven grinding wheel spinning at the required
speed. The speed is determined by the wheel’s diameter and
manufacturer’s rating. The user can control the grinding head to travel
across a fixed work piece, or the work piece can be moved while the grind
head stays in a fixed position.
• Fine control of the grinding head or tables position is possible using
a vernier calibrated hand wheel, or using the features of numerical controls.
• Grinding machines remove material from the work piece by abrasion, which
can generate substantial amounts of heat. To cool the work piece so that it
does not overheat and go outside its tolerance, grinding machines
incorporate a coolant. The coolant also benefits the machinist as the heat
generated may cause burns. In high-precision grinding machines (most
cylindrical and surface grinders), the final grinding stages are usually set up
so that they remove about 200 nm (less than 1/10000 in) per pass - this
generates so little heat that even with no coolant, the temperature rise is
negligible. '
Types of Grinding Machine
• Belt grinder
• Bench grinder
• Cylindrical grinder
• Surface grinder
• Tool and cutter grinder
• Jig grinder
• Gear grinder
Belt grinder
• Belt grinder, which is usually used as a machining
method to process metals and other materials, with
the aid of coated abrasives. Sanding is the
machining of wood; grinding is the common name
for machining metals. Belt grinding is a versatile
process suitable for all kind of applications like
finishing, deburring, and stock removal.
Bench grinder
• Bench grinder, which usually has two wheels of
different grain sizes for roughing and finishing
operations and is secured to a workbench or floor
stand. Its uses include shaping tool bits or various
tools that need to be made or repaired. Bench
grinders are manually operated.
Cylindrical grinder
• Cylindrical grinder, which includes both the types
that use centers and the centerless types. A
cylindrical grinder may have multiple grinding
wheels. The work piece is rotated and fed past the
wheel(s) to form a cylinder. It is used to make
precision rods, tubes, bearing races, bushings, and
many other parts.
Surface grinder
• Surface grinder which includes the wash grinder. A surface
grinder has a "head" which is lowered, and the work piece is
moved back and forth past the grinding wheel on a table that
has a permanent magnet for use with magnetic stock. Surface
grinders can be manually operated or have CNC controls.
Rotary surface grinders or commonly known as "Blanchard"
style grinders, the grinding head rotates and the table usually
magnetic but can be vacuum or fixture, rotates in the
opposite direction, this type machine removes large amounts
of material and grinds flat surfaces with noted spiral grind
marks. Used to make and sharpen; burn-outs, metal stamping
die sets, flat shear blades, fixture bases or any flat and
parallel surfaces.
Tool and cutter grinder
• Tool and cutter grinder and the D-bit grinder. These
usually can perform the minor function of the drill
bit grinder, or other specialist tool room grinding
operations.
Jig grinder
• Jig grinder, which as the name implies, has a variety
of uses when finishing jigs, dies, and fixtures. Its
primary function is in the realm of grinding holes
and pins. It can also be used for complex surface
grinding to finish work started on a mill.
Gear grinder
• Gear grinder, which is usually employed as the final
machining process when manufacturing a high-
precision gear. The primary function of these
machines is to remove the remaining few
thousandths of an inch of material left by other
manufacturing methods (such as gashing or
hobbing).
Examples of Bonded Abrasives
Fig: A variety of bonded abrasive used in abrasive machining processes
Common Grinding Wheels
Fig: Common Type of Grinding Wheels made with conventional abrasives. Note that
each wheel has a specific grinding face; grinding on other surfaces is improper and
unsafe
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