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Overview of Distributed Systems

Distributed systems connect multiple physically separate nodes through a network. The nodes communicate and share processes. They can be arranged as client/server systems, where clients request resources from servers, or peer-to-peer systems where nodes equally share tasks and resources. Distributed systems allow for sharing of resources between nodes and scalability, but also introduce challenges around security, message loss, and complexity of distributed databases. The goal of distribution transparency is to hide the physical distribution of processes and resources across nodes.

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89 views6 pages

Overview of Distributed Systems

Distributed systems connect multiple physically separate nodes through a network. The nodes communicate and share processes. They can be arranged as client/server systems, where clients request resources from servers, or peer-to-peer systems where nodes equally share tasks and resources. Distributed systems allow for sharing of resources between nodes and scalability, but also introduce challenges around security, message loss, and complexity of distributed databases. The goal of distribution transparency is to hide the physical distribution of processes and resources across nodes.

Uploaded by

Sofiya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

2 Aug 2019, 9:13 PM

Distributed Systems
A distributed system contains multiple nodes
that are physically separate but linked
together using the network. All the nodes in
this system communicate with each other
and handle processes in tandem. Each of
these nodes contains a small part of the
distributed operating system software.

       Goal of distributed systems development:


establish this collaboration.
Types of Distributed Systems
The nodes in the distributed systems can be
arranged in the form of client/server systems
or peer to peer systems. Details about these
are as follows:

Client/Server Systems
In client server systems, the client requests a
resource and the server provides that
resource. A server may serve multiple clients
at the same time while a client is in contact
with only one server. Both the client and
server usually communicate via a computer
network and so they are a part of distributed
systems.

Peer to Peer Systems


The peer to peer systems contains nodes
that are equal participants in data sharing. All
the tasks are equally divided between all the
nodes. The nodes interact with each other as
required as share resources. This is done
with the help of a network.

Advantages of Distributed Systems


Some advantages of Distributed Systems are as
follows:

All the nodes in the distributed system are


connected to each other. So nodes can easily
share data with other nodes.
More nodes can easily be added to the
distributed system i.e. it can be scaled as
required.
Failure of one node does not lead to the
failure of the entire distributed system. Other
nodes can still communicate with each
other.
Resources like printers can be shared with
multiple nodes rather than being restricted to
just one.
Disadvantages of Distributed Systems
Some disadvantages of Distributed Systems
are as follows:

It is difficult to provide adequate security in


distributed systems because the nodes as
well as the connections need to be secured.
Some messages and data can be lost in the
network while moving from one node to
another.
The database connected to the distributed
systems is quite complicated and difficult to
handle as compared to a single user system.
Overloading may occur in the network if all
the nodes of the distributed system try to
send data at once.

2. Distribution Transparency
Goal - hide the fact that its processes and
resources are physically distributed across
multiple computers – systems should be
transparent

Different forms of transparency in a distributed


system (ISO, 1995).

Transparency

Description

Access

Hide differences in data representation and how


a resource is accessed

Location

Hide where a resource is located


Migration

Hide that a resource may move to another


location

Relocation

Hide that a resource may be moved to another


location while in use

Replication

Hide that a resource is replicated

Concurrency

Hide that a resource may be shared by several


competitive users

Failure

Hide the failure and recovery of a resource

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