MATHEMATICS I
I. Algebra
1) By the given equation, 7𝑥 2 − 17𝑥 + 6 = 0, identify
a. The nature of the roots
b. The sum and product of the roots.
c. The roots using Quadratic Formula and its sum and product.
Given:
A=7 B = 17 C=6
Solution:
a. D = b2 – 4ac
= (-17)2 – 4(7)(6)
= 289 – 168
= 121 > 0, therefore roots are real and unequal.
−𝑏 −(−17) 17
b. R1 + R2 = = =
𝑎 7 7
𝑐 6
R1 * R2 = =
𝑎 7
c. Using Quadratic Formula,
−𝑏 ±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
X=
2𝑎
−(−17) ±√(−17)2 −4(6)(7)
=
2(7)
17 ±√289−168
=
14
17 ± √121
=
14
17 ± √121
x=
14
17+ √121 17+ √121 3 14 + 3 17
x1 =
14
x1 = R1 + R2 = 2 + = =
14 7 7 7
17+11 28 17−11 3 6
=
14
=
14
=2 = R1 * R2 = 2 * =
14 7 7
6 3
= =
14 7
2) Identify the roots of the following equations:
3x + 4y – 2z = -4
2x – y + 2z = 11
X + 2y + 3z = 9
a) Using Elimination Method
Solution:
3x + 4y – 2z = -4 ①
2x – y + 2z = 11 ②
X + 2y + 3z = 9 ③
a.) To eliminate y:
①+②*4
3x + 4y – 2z = -4
+ 8x – 4y + 8z = 44
11x + 6z = 40 ④
①-②*2
3x + 4y – 2z = -4
- 2x + 4y + 6z = 18
x - 8z = -22 ⑤
To eliminate x:
④ - ⑤ * 11
11x + 6z = 40
- x - 8z = -22
z=3
Substitute z = 3 in ⑤:
x – 8(3) = -22
x – 24 = -22
x=2
Substitute x = 2 and z = 3 in ③:
2 + 2y + 3(3) = 9
2y = -2
y = -1
Therefore, roots are ( 2, -1, 3 )
3) Solve for (x) for this exponential equation
2 − 6𝑥+1)
100(𝑥 + 5 = 10
Isolate the expression 100^(x^2-6x+1) subtract 5 from both sides of
equation.
2 − 6𝑥+1)
100(𝑥 + 5 = 10
2 − 6𝑥+1)
100(𝑥 + 5 − 5 = 10 − 5
2 − 6𝑥+1)
100(𝑥 =5
Take the natural logarithmic of both sides of equation
2 − 6𝑥+1)
100(𝑥 =5
2 − 6𝑥+1)
𝑙𝑛100(𝑥 = 𝑙𝑛5
𝑙𝑛5
x2 – 6x + 1 =
𝑙𝑛100
𝑙𝑛5
x2 – 6x + 1 - =0
𝑙𝑛100
Now use quadratic formula
−𝑏 ±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
X=
2𝑎
𝑙𝑛5
where: a = 1, b = -6, c = 1-
𝑙𝑛100
𝑙𝑛5
−(−6) ±√(−6)2 −4(1)(1− )
𝑙𝑛100
x=
2(1)
𝑙𝑛5
6 ±√36−4(1− )
𝑙𝑛100
x=
2
𝑙𝑛5 𝑙𝑛5
6 + √36−4(1− ) 6− √36−4(1− )
𝑙𝑛100 𝑙𝑛100
x1 = x2 =
2 2
x1 = 5.8895 x2 = 0.1105
II. Trigonometry
1) In triangle ABC, a = 18, b = 25, c = 12. Solve the triangle. (SSS
Triangle). Using Cosine Law, the included angles can be determined.
b = 25
c = 12
a = 18
Solution:
𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 252 + 122 − 182
cos α = = = 0.74167
2𝑏𝑐 2(25)(12)
cos α = 0.74167
α = 42.13°
𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 −𝑏2 182 + 122 − 252
cos β = = = -0.3634
2𝑎𝑐 2 (18)(12)
cos β = -0.3634
β = 111.310°
𝑎2 + 𝑏2 −𝑐 2 182 + 252 − 122
cos y = = = 0.8944
2𝑎𝑏 2 (18)(25)
cos y = 0.8944
y = 26.56°
CHECKING:
180° = 42.13° + 111.310° + 26.56°
180° = 180°
2) Find the distance between the points A(3,9) and B(6,-5) using the
Distance Formula.
dab = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
dab = √(6 − 3)2 + (−5 − 9)2
= √(3)2 + (−14)2
= √9 + 196
= √205 units
dab = 14.3178
units
3) Proving Identities
𝑡𝑎𝑛2 x −1
1- 2 cos2 x =
𝑡𝑎𝑛2 x + 1
Solution:
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛2 x −1 −1
𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛2 x + 1 +1
𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥
−
𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥
+
𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥− 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥− 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
=
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
=
1
2 2
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 ; where sin2 x = (1 – cos2 x)
= (1 – cos2 x) - (cos2 x)
𝑡𝑎𝑛2 x −1
= 1 – 2cos2 x
𝑡𝑎𝑛2 x + 1
III. Plane Geometry
1) Determine the area of the quadrilateral shown, OB = 80 cm, AO = 120
cm, OD = 150 cm and c = 25°
A
25°
D O
C
Solution:
By secant law:
AO * BO = CO * DO
120 * 80 = CO * 150
CO = 64 cm
Let:
AQ = Area of the quadrilateral
A1 = Area of triangle AOD
A2 = Area of triangle BOC
AQ = A1 - A2
1 1
AQ = (AO)(DO)(sin𝝫) - (BO)(CO)(sin𝝫)
2 2
1 1
AQ = (120)(150)(sin25°) - (80)(64)(sin25°)
2 2
AQ = 2721.66
cm2units
2) A trapezoid has an area of 36 m2 and an altitude of 2m. Its two bases
have ratio of 4:5. What are the lengths of the bases ?
Solution:
a 1
A = (a + b) h ①
2
h 𝑎 4
=
𝑏 5
4
b
a= b②
5
Substitute ② in ①:
1 4
36 = ( 𝑏 + 𝑏)(2)
2 5
4 5
36 = b + b
5 5
9
36 = b
5
b = 20 m
Substitute b = 20 m in ②:
4
a = (20)
5
a = 16 m
3) From the figure shown below, DE is the diameter of circle A and BC
is the radius of circle B. If DE = 60 cm and AC = 10 cm, find the area
of the shaded region.
A B
C
Solution:
From triangle BAD:
(R−10)2 + 302 = R2
(R2 − 20R + 100) + 900 = R2
20R = 1000
R = 50 cm
𝜃 30 30
Sin ( ) = =
2 𝑅 50
D
Θ = 73.74∘
R
30.0
10
C
A
? /2
?
Area of segment CDE
30.0
B
ACDE = ABDCE − ABDE
π𝑅 2 θ 𝑅 2sinθ
ACDE = −
E 360∘ 2
π(5)2 2(73.74°) (50)2 sin(73.74°)
ACDE = −
360∘ 2
ACDE = 408.76 cm2
R - 10
Required area = Area of circle of radius R - Area of semi-circle of radius 30
cm - Area of segment CDE
π(302 )
A = πR2 − - ACDE
2
π(302 )
A = π (502) − − 408.76
2
A = 4617.79 cm2
IV. Solid Mensuration
1) Find the area of the given figure below.
7.0 m
4.0 m
4m Ø
Solution:
AT = A1 + A2
7.0 m 1
A1 = (b1 + b2) h
2
1
= (7 + 4) (4)
2
① 4.0 m 44
A1 = = 22 m2
2
4m Ø 𝜋𝑑 2 𝜋(4)2 4𝜋
A2 = = = = 6.283 m2
4 4 2
② AT = 22 + 6.283 = 28.283 m2
2) An equilateral triangle of side 6cm is inscribed and circumscribed
about a circle. The area bounded by two concentric circles (circles
with the same center) is called annulus. Find the area of the annulus
formed between the two circles.
6 6
R
r
Solution:
Let r be the radius of the inscribed circle and R is the radius of the
circumscribed circle.
AAnnulus = ACircumscribed - AInscribed
By Pythagorean Theorem:
62 = h 2 + 32
h = √36 − 9
6
h = 3√3 cm, but h = R + r
h R = 3√3 – r
3 By Pythagorean Theorem:
R2 = 32 + r2
R (3√3 – r)2 = 9 + r2
r
27 - 6√3 + r2 = 9 + r2
6√3 r = 18
3
r = √3 cm
Since R + r = 3√3, then R = 2√3cm
AAnnulus = 𝜋𝑅 2 − 𝜋𝑟 2
= 𝜋 (2√3)2 - 𝜋 (√3)2
= 12 𝜋 - 3 𝜋
AAnnulus = 9 𝜋 cm2
units
3) The base of a right pyramid is a square of side 24 cm. and its height is
16 cm.
Find:
a) The area of its slant surface
b) Area of its whole surface and
c) Its volume.
Solution:
Let, the square WXYZ be the base of the right pyramid and its
diagonals WY and XZ intersect at O. If OP be perpendicular to the plane
of the square at O, then OP is the height of the pyramid.
Draw OE ┴ WX
Then, E is the mid. point of WX.
By question, OP = 16 cm. and WX = 24 cm.
Therefore, OE = EX = 1/2 ∙ WX = 12 cm
Clearly, PE is the slant height of the pyramid.
Since OP ┴ OE, hence from ∆ POE we get,
PE² = OP² + OE²
PE² = 16² + 12²
PE² = 256 + 144
PE² = 400
PE = √400
Therefore, PE = 20.
Therefore, (a) the required area of slant surface of the right pyramid
A = 1/2 × perimeter of the base × slant height.
A = 1/2 × 4 × 24× 20 square cm.
A = 960 cm2
(b) The area of the whole surface of the right pyramid = area of slant
surface + area of the base
A = (960 + 24 × 24)
A = 1536 cm3
(c) the volume of the right pyramid
V = 1/3 × area of the base × height
V = 1/3 × 24 × 24 × 16 cubic cm
V = 3072 cm3
V. Analytic Geometry
1) Find the equation of the circle tangent to 3x – 4y = 4 at the point (-4, -
4), and the center on the line x + y + 7 = 0
Solution:
r
C (h, k)
3x - 4y = 4
x+y-7=0
(-4, -4)
C( h, k) is on x + y + 7 = 0, then
h + k + 7 = 0 or h = -k – 7
Using the formula for the distance from the line 3x – 4y = 4 to the point
(h,k), we have
3ℎ−4𝑘−4
r= or 5r = 3h – 4k – 4 ①
√25
The distance of C(h,k) to the point of tangency (-4, -4) is (h + 4)2 + (k +
4)2 = r2 ②
Substitute h = -k – 7:
① 5r = 3(-k – 7) – 4k – 4
5r = -3k – 21 – 4k – 4
5r = -7k – 25
② (-k – 7 – 4)2 + (k + 4)2 = r2
k2 + 6k + 9 + k2 + 8k + 16 = r2
1
2k2 + 14k + 25 = ( )2 (-7k – 25)2
5
50k2 + 350k + 625 = 49k2 + 350k + 625k = 0
k=0
Substitute k = 0 in h = -k – 7
h = -7
The radius of the circle is,
r2 = (-3)2 + 42
r=5
Therefore, the required equation of the circle is,
(x + 7)2 + y2 = 25
2) Find the equation of the circle tangent to the line 2x – y = 3 at the
point (2,1) and the center on the y – axis.
Solution:
2x - y = 3
r
(2, 1)
Since the center C lies on the y – axis, then C(0,k). By the distance
formula,
r = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
= √(2 − 0)2 + (𝑘 − 1)2
= √𝑘 2 – 2k + 5
r2 = 𝑘 2 – 2k + 5 ①
Using the distance from a line 2x – y = 3 to a point C(0,k),
2(0)−𝑘−3 −𝑘−3
r= =
√22 + −12 √5
(√5 𝑟)2 = (-k – 3)2
5r2 = k2 – 6k + 9 ②
To get the value of k:
①/②
𝑘 2 – 2k + 5 𝑟2 1
= =
𝑘2 – 6k + 9 5𝑟 2 5
5k2 – 10k – 25 = k2 + 6k + 9
4k2 - 16k + 16 = 0
k2 – 4k + 4 = 0
(k – 2)2 = 0
k=2
Substitute k = 2 in ①:
r2 = (2)2 – 2(2) + 5
r = √5
Therefore, the equation of the circle is,
x2 + (y – 2)2 = 5
3) Determine the equation of the curve such that the sum of the distances
of any point of the curve from two points whose coordinates are (-3,
0) and (3, 0) is always equal to 8.
Solution
d1 + d2 = 8
(x,y)
d1 = 8 − d2
d1
d12 = (8 − d2) 2 d2
d12 = 64 − 16d2 + d22
(-3,0) (3,0)
(x + 3)2 + (y − 0) 2 = 64 − 16 √(x − 3) 2 + (y − 0)2 + [(x − 3)2 + (y −
0)2]
(x2 + 6x + 9) = 64 − 16√(x − 3)2 + y 2 ) + (x2 − 6x + 9)
12x – 64 = 16√(x − 3)2 + y 2 )
3x − 16 = 4√(x − 3)2 + y 2 )
(3x − 16)2 = 16 [(x − 3) 2 + y2]
9x2 − 96x + 256 = 16 [(x2 − 6x + 9) + y2]
9x2 − 96x + 256 = 16x2 − 96x + 144 + 16y2
7x2 + 16y2 – 112 = 0
