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Triangle Properties and Types Explained

The document describes different types of triangles based on their sides and angles. It defines scalene, isosceles, equilateral, acute, right, and obtuse triangles. The key properties of all triangles are that the sum of interior angles is 180 degrees, the third side is less than the sum of other two sides, and the opposite side of the greater angle is longest. Formulas are provided for calculating the area using 1/2 * base * height, perimeter by adding side lengths, and the Pythagorean theorem. An example problem demonstrates finding the area and perimeter of an equilateral triangle using given measurements and the height formula.

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Sriharsha Pidaparthi
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702 views3 pages

Triangle Properties and Types Explained

The document describes different types of triangles based on their sides and angles. It defines scalene, isosceles, equilateral, acute, right, and obtuse triangles. The key properties of all triangles are that the sum of interior angles is 180 degrees, the third side is less than the sum of other two sides, and the opposite side of the greater angle is longest. Formulas are provided for calculating the area using 1/2 * base * height, perimeter by adding side lengths, and the Pythagorean theorem. An example problem demonstrates finding the area and perimeter of an equilateral triangle using given measurements and the height formula.

Uploaded by

Sriharsha Pidaparthi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Properties of Triangles
  • Triangle Formula
  • Properties of Triangle Examples

Properties of triangle

Based on the Sides Based on the Angles


Scalene Triangle Acute angled Triangle
Isosceles Triangle Right angle Triangle
Equilateral Triangle Obtuse-angled Triangle

Scalene Triangle: All the sides and angles are unequal.


Isosceles Triangle: It has two equal sides and angles opposite to these equal sides are also
equal.
Equilateral Triangle: All the sides are equal and all the three angles are of 600.
Acute Angled Triangle: A triangle having all its angles less than 900.
Right Angled Triangle: A triangle having one of the three angles is 900.
Obtuse Angled Triangle: A triangle having one of the three angles as more than 900.

The properties of the triangle are:

 The sum of all the angles of a triangle(of all types) is equal to 1800.
 The sum of the length of the two sides of a triangle is greater than the length of the third
side.
 In the same way, the difference between the two sides of a triangle is less than the length
of the third side.
 The side opposite the greater angle is the longest side of all the three sides of a triangle.
 The exterior angle of a triangle is always equal to the sum of the interior opposite angles.
This property of a triangle is called an exterior angle property
 Two triangles are said to be similar if their corresponding angles of both triangles are
congruent and lengths of their sides are proportional.
 Area of a triangle = ½ × Base × Height
 The perimeter of a triangle = sum of all its three sides

Triangle Formula
 Area of triangle is the region occupied by a triangle in a two-dimensional plane. The
dimension of area is square unit. The formula for area is given by;
Area = 1/2 x Base x Height


The perimeter of a triangle is the length of the outer boundary of a triangle. To find the
perimeter of a triangle we need to add the length of the sides of the triangle.
P=a+b+c

 Semi-perimeter of a triangle is half of the perimeter of the triangle. It is represented by s.


s = (a + b + c)/2
where a , b and c are the sides of the triangle.

 By Heron’s formula, the area of the triangle is given by:


A = √[s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)]
where ‘s’ is the semi-perimeter of the triangle.

 By Pythagorean theorem, the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle can be calculated by


the formula:
Hypotenuse2 = Base2 + Perpendicular2

roperties of Triangle Examples


Example 1: If an equilateral triangle has lengths of sides as 5 cm and perpendicular is
drawn from the vertex to the base of the triangle. Then find its area and perimeter.
Solution: Given, side of the equilateral triangle, say ABC = 5 cm
If we draw a perpendicular from the vertex of an equilateral triangle, A to the base at point O, it
divides the base into two equal sides.

Such that, BO = OC = 2.5 cm


Now, the area of triangle = ½ × Base × Height
To find the height of the triangle, AOB, we have to use Pythagoras theorem.
That is, Hypotenuse2 = Base2 + Perpendicular2

Or Perpendicular = Hypotenuse2−Base2−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√
Therefore, OA = AB2−OB2−−−−−−−−−−√
Or OA = 52−2.52−−−−−−−√
OA = 25−6.25−−−−−−−−√=18.75−−−−√
Area of triangle = ½ × OB × OA

= ½ × 2.5 × 18.75−−−−√ = ½ × 2.5 × 4.33


Area of triangle ABC = 5.4125 cm2
Perimeter of triangle ABC = sum of all its three sides
= 5+5+5 cm
= 15cm

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