fdisk /dev/vdb
partprobe
pvcreate /dev/vdb1
vgcreate vg_summit /dev/vdb1
lvcreate -n lab1 -L 10M vg_summit
mkfs. /dev/vg_summit/lab1
mkdir -p /mnt/lab1
mount /dev/vg_summit/lab1 /mnt/lab1
[root]# pvcreate /dev/vdb 1
Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/vdb1"
Physical volume "/dev/vdb1" successfully created
[root]# pvs /dev/vdb 1
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/vdb1 lvm2 a-- 255.91m 255.91m
[root]# vgcreate vg_summit /dev/vdb 1
Volume group "vg_summit" successfully created
[root]# vgs vg_summit
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
vg_summit 1 0 0 wz--n- 252.00m 252.00m
[root]# lvcreate -n lab1 -L 10M vg_summit
Rounding up size to full physical extent 12.00 MiB
Logical volume "lab1" created
[root]# lvs vg_summit/lab 1
LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert
lab1 vg_summit -wi-a- 12.00m
[root]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/vg_summit/lab 1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
3072 inodes, 12288 blocks
614 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=12582912
2 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
1536 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (1024 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 37 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root]# mkdir -p /mnt/lab 1
[root]# mount /dev/vg_summit/lab1 /mnt/lab 1
[root]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
9.2G 2.1G 6.7G 24% /
tmpfs 499M 272K 499M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/vda1 485M 33M 428M 7% /boot
12 1
[root]# lvs -o lv_name,lv_size,lv_attr,segtype,devices vg_summit/lab 1
LV LSize Attr Type Devices
lab1 12.00m -wi-a- linear /dev/vdb1(0)
[root]# lvs -o +devices vg_summit/lab 1
LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert Devices
lab1 vg_summit -wi-a- 12.00m /dev/vdb1(0)
[root]# lvs -o +devices --noheadings vg_summit/lab 1
lab1 vg_summit -wi-a- 12.00m /dev/vdb1(0)
fdisk /dev/vdc
partprobe
vgextend /dev/vg_summit /dev/vdc1
lvresize -L 20M /dev/vg_summit/lab1
resize2fs /dev/vg_summit/lab1
[root]# vgextend /dev/vg_summit /dev/vdc 1
No physical volume label read from /dev/vdc1
Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/vdc1"
Physical volume "/dev/vdc1" successfully created
Volume group "vg_summit" successfully extended
[root]# lvresize -L 20M /dev/vg_summit/lab 1
Extending logical volume lab1 to 20.00 MiB
Logical volume lab1 successfully resized
[root]# resize2fs /dev/vg_summit/lab 1
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/vg_summit/lab1 is mounted on /mnt/lab1; on-line resizing
required
old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/vg_summit/lab1 to 20480 (1k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg_summit/lab1 is now 20480 blocks long.
[root]# df -h /mnt/lab 1
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
20 1
[root]# lvs -o lv_name,lv_size,lv_attr,segtype,devices vg_summit/lab 1
LV LSize Attr Type Devices
lab1 20.00m -wi-ao linear /dev/vdb1(0)
lvresize -L +10M /dev/vg_summit/lab1 /dev/vdc1
resize2fs /dev/vg_summit/lab1
[root]# lvresize -L +10M /dev/vg_summit/lab1 /dev/vdc 1
Rounding up size to full physical extent 12.00 MiB
Extending logical volume lab1 to 32.00 MiB
Logical volume lab1 successfully resized
[root]# lvs -o lv_name,lv_size,lv_attr,segtype,devices vg_summit/lab 1
LV LSize Attr Type Devices
lab1 32.00m -wi-ao linear /dev/vdb1(0)
lab1 32.00m -wi-ao linear /dev/vdc1(0)
[root]# lvs --segments -o +devices vg_summit/lab 1
LV VG Attr #Str Type SSize Devices
lab1 vg_summit -wi-ao 1 linear 20.00m /dev/vdb1(0)
lab1 vg_summit -wi-ao 1 linear 12.00m /dev/vdc1(0)
[root]# resize2fs /dev/vg_summit/lab 1
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/vg_summit/lab1 is mounted on /mnt/lab1; on-line resizing
required
old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/vg_summit/lab1 to 32768 (1k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg_summit/lab1 is now 32768 blocks long.
[root]# df -h /mnt/lab 1
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
32 1
umount /mnt/lab1
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/vg_summit/lab1
lvremove -f vg_summit/lab1
vgremove -f vg_summit
pvremove -f /dev/vd{b,c}1
Logical Volume Management
Striping and mirroring
vgcreate vg_summit /dev/vd{b,c,d}1
lvcreate -i 3 -n lab2 -L 100M vg_summit
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/vg_summit/lab2
mkdir -p /mnt/lab2
mount /dev/vg_summit/lab2 /mnt/lab2
[root]# vgcreate vg_summit /dev/vd{b,c,d}1
No physical volume label read from /dev/vdb1
No physical volume label read from /dev/vdc1
No physical volume label read from /dev/vdd1
Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/vdb1"
Physical volume "/dev/vdb1" successfully created
Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/vdc1"
Physical volume "/dev/vdc1" successfully created
Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/vdd1"
Physical volume "/dev/vdd1" successfully created
Volume group "vg_summit" successfully created
[root]# lvcreate -i 3 -n lab2 -L 100M vg_summit
Using default stripesize 64.00 KiB
Rounding size (25 extents) up to stripe boundary size (27 extents)
Logical volume "lab2" created
[root]# lvs -o lv_name,lv_size,lv_attr,segtype,devices vg_summit/lab 2
LV LSize Attr Type Devices
lab2 108.00m -wi-a- striped /dev/vdb1(0),/dev/vdc1(0),/dev/vdd1(0)
[root]# mkdir -p /mnt/lab 2
[root]# mount /dev/vg_summit/lab2 /mnt/lab 2
[root]# df -h /mnt/lab 2
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
105 2
vgextend vg_summit /dev/vd{e,f}1
lvresize -i 2 -L +100M vg_summit/lab2 /dev/vd{e,f}1
resize2fs /dev/vg_summit/lab2
[root]# vgextend vg_summit /dev/vd{e,f }1
No physical volume label read from /dev/vde1
No physical volume label read from /dev/vdf1
Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/vde1"
Physical volume "/dev/vde1" successfully created
Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/vdf1"
Physical volume "/dev/vdf1" successfully created
Volume group "vg_summit" successfully extended
[root]# lvresize -i 2 -L +100M vg_summit/lab2 /dev/vd{e,f }1
Using stripesize of last segment 64.00 KiB
Rounding size (52 extents) down to stripe boundary size for segment (53 extents)
Extending logical volume lab2 to 212.00 MiB
Logical volume lab2 successfully resized
[root]# lvs -o lv_name,lv_size,lv_attr,segtype,devices vg_summit/lab 2
LV LSize Attr Type Devices
lab2 212.00m -wi-ao striped /dev/vdb1(0),/dev/vdc1(0),/dev/vdd1(0)
lab2 212.00m -wi-ao striped /dev/vde1(0),/dev/vdf1(0)
[root]# lvs --segments -o +devices vg_summit
LV VG Attr #Str Type SSize Devices
lab2 vg_summit -wi-ao 3 striped 108.00m /dev/vdb1(0),/dev/vdc1(0),/dev/vdd1(0)
lab2 vg_summit -wi-ao 2 striped 104.00m /dev/vde1(0),/dev/vdf1(0)
[root]# resize2fs /dev/vg_summit/lab 2
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/vg_summit/lab2 is mounted on /mnt/lab2; on-line resizing
required
old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/vg_summit/lab2 to 208896 (1k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg_summit/lab2 is now 208896 blocks long.
[root]# df -h /mnt/lab 2
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
206M 5.8M 190M 3% /mnt/lab 2
lvcreate -m 1 -n lab3 -L 20M vg_summit
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/vg_summit/lab3
mkdir -p /mnt/lab3
mount /dev/vg_summit/lab3 /mnt/lab3
[root]# lvcreate -m 1 -n lab3 -L 20M vg_summit
Logical volume "lab3" created
[root]# lvs -o lv_name,lv_size,lv_attr,segtype,devices vg_summit/lab 3
LV LSize Attr Type Devices
lab3 20.00m mwi-ao mirror lab3_mimage_0(0),lab3_mimage_1(0)
[root]# lvs -a -o lv_name,lv_size,lv_attr,segtype,devices vg_summit
LV LSize Attr Type Devices
lab2 212.00m -wi-ao striped /dev/vdb1(0),/dev/vdc1(0),/dev/vdd1(0)
lab2 212.00m -wi-ao striped /dev/vde1(0),/dev/vdf1(0)
lab3 20.00m mwi-ao mirror lab3_mimage_0(0),lab3_mimage_1(0)
[lab3_mimage_0] 20.00m iwi-ao linear /dev/vdb1(9)
[lab3_mimage_1] 20.00m iwi-ao linear /dev/vdc1(9)
[lab3_mlog] 4.00m lwi-ao linear /dev/vdf1(12)
[root]# df -h /mnt/lab 3
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
20 3
lvconvert -m +1 vg_summit/lab3
cp -vr /etc/sysconfig /mnt/lab3
[root]# lvconvert -m +1 vg_summit/lab 3
vg_summit/lab3: Converted: 40.0%
vg_summit/lab3: Converted: 100.0%
Logical volume lab3 converted.
[root]# lvs -o lv_name,lv_size,lv_attr,segtype,devices vg_summit/lab 3
LV LSize Attr Type Devices
lab3 20.00m mwi-ao mirror lab3_mimage_0(0),lab3_mimage_1(0),lab3_mimage_2(0)
sync
lvconvert --splitmirrors 1 -n lab3_split vg_summit/lab3
mkdir -p /mnt/lab3_split
mount /dev/vg_summit/lab3_split /mnt/lab3_split
[root]# lvconvert --splitmirrors 1 -n lab3_split vg_summit/lab 3
Logical volume lab3 converted.
[root]# lvs -o lv_name,lv_size,lv_attr,segtype,devices vg_summit/lab 3
LV LSize Attr Type Devices
lab3 20.00m mwi-ao mirror lab3_mimage_0(0),lab3_mimage_1(0)
[root]# lvs -o lv_name,lv_size,lv_attr,segtype,devices vg_summit/lab3_split
LV LSize Attr Type Devices
lab3_split 20.00m -wi-ao linear /dev/vdd1(9)
[root]# lvs --segments vg_summit
LV VG Attr #Str Type SSize
lab2 vg_summit -wi-ao 3 striped 108.00m
lab2 vg_summit -wi-ao 2 striped 104.00m
lab3 vg_summit mwi-ao 2 mirror 20.00m
lab3_split vg_summit -wi-ao 1 linear 20.00m
[root]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
tmpfs 510404 272 510132 1% /dev/shm
/dev/vda1 495844 32891 437353 7% /boot
210350 5902 193807 3% /mnt/lab 2
19827 1422 17381 8% /mnt/lab 3
19827 1422 17381 8% /mnt/lab3_split
Logical Volume Management
RAID
lvcreate --type raid5 -i 2 -n lab4 -L 20M vg_summit
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/vg_summit/lab4
mkdir -p /mnt/lab4
mount /dev/vg_summit/lab4 /mnt/lab4
[root]# lvcreate --type raid5 -i 2 -n lab4 -L 20M vg_summit
Using default stripesize 64.00 KiB
Rounding size (5 extents) up to stripe boundary size (6 extents)
Logical volume "lab4" created
[root@bp-01 ~]# lvs --segments vg_summit/lab 4
LV VG Attr #Str Type SSize
lab4 vg_summit rwi-a-r- 3 raid5 24.00m
lvconvert --type raid1 vg_summit/lab3
[root@bp-01 ~]# lvs --segments -a /dev/mapper/vg_summit-lab 3*
LV VG Attr #Str Type SSize
lab3 vg_summit mwi-a-m- 2 mirror 20.00m
[lab3_mimage_0] vg_summit iwi-aom- 1 linear 20.00m
[lab3_mimage_1] vg_summit iwi-aom- 1 linear 20.00m
[lab3_mlog] vg_summit lwi-aom- 1 linear 4.00m
[root@bp-01 ~]# lvconvert --type raid1 vg_summit/lab 3
[root@bp-01 ~]# lvs --segments -a /dev/mapper/vg_summit-lab 3*
LV VG Attr #Str Type SSize
lab3 vg_summit rwi-a-m- 2 raid1 20.00m
[lab3_rimage_0] vg_summit iwi-aor- 1 linear 20.00m
[lab3_rimage_1] vg_summit iwi-aor- 1 linear 20.00m
[lab3_rmeta_0] vg_summit ewi-aor- 1 linear 4.00m
[lab3_rmeta_1] vg_summit ewi-aor- 1 linear 4.00m
lvrename vg_summit/lab3 vg_summit/lab5
mkdir -p /mnt/lab5
umount /mnt/lab3
mount /dev/vg_summit/lab5 /mnt/lab5
[root]# lvrename vg_summit/lab3 vg_summit/lab 5
Renamed "lab3" to "lab5" in volume group "vg_summit"
[root]# lvs --segments vg_summit/lab 5
LV VG Attr #Str Type SSize
lab5 vg_summit rwi-aom- 2 raid1 20.00m
[root]# df -h /mnt/lab 3
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
20 3
[root]# umount /mnt/lab 3
[root]# mkdir -p /mnt/lab 5
[root]# mount /dev/vg_summit/lab5 /mnt/lab 5
[root]# df -h /mnt/lab 5
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
20 5
Logical Volume Management
Snapshots
lvcreate -s -L 100m -n lab6 vg_summit/lab3_split
mkdir -p /mnt/lab6
mount /dev/vg_summit/lab6 /mnt/lab6
[root]# lvcreate -s -L 100m -n lab6 vg_summit/lab3_split
Logical volume "lab6" created
[root]# lvs -a -o lv_name,lv_size,lv_attr,segtype,devices vg_summit/lab 6
LV LSize Attr Type Devices
lab6 100.00m swi-ao linear /dev/vdb1(14)
[root]# lvs -a -o lv_name,lv_size,lv_attr,origin,snap_percent vg_summit/lab6
LV LSize Attr Origin Snap%
lab6 100.00m swi-ao lab3_split 0.01
ls -god /mnt/lab3_split/sysconfig/iptables*
rm -f /mnt/lab3_split/sysconfig/iptables*
ls -god /mnt/lab3_split/sysconfig/iptables*
ls -god /mnt/lab6/sysconfig/iptables*
[root]# ls -god /mnt/lab3_split/sysconfig/iptables*
-rw-------. 1 476 Jun 23 23:02 /mnt/lab3_split/sysconfig/iptables
-rw-------. 1 1740 Jun 23 23:02 /mnt/lab3_split/sysconfig/iptables-config
-rw-------. 1 476 Jun 23 23:02 /mnt/lab3_split/sysconfig/[Link]
[root]# rm -f /mnt/lab3_split/sysconfig/iptables*
[root]# ls -god /mnt/lab3_split/sysconfig/iptables*
ls: cannot access /mnt/lab3_split/sysconfig/iptables*: No such file or directory
[root]# ls -god /mnt/lab6/sysconfig/iptables*
-rw-------. 1 476 Jun 23 23:02 /mnt/lab6/sysconfig/iptables
-rw-------. 1 1740 Jun 23 23:02 /mnt/lab6/sysconfig/iptables-config
-rw-------. 1 476 Jun 23 23:02 /mnt/lab6/sysconfig/[Link]
[root]# lvs -a -o lv_name,lv_size,lv_attr,origin,snap_percent vg_summit/lab 6
LV LSize Attr Origin Snap%
lab6 100.00m swi-ao lab3 0.06
umount /dev/vg_summit/{lab3_split,lab6}
lvconvert --merge vg_summit/lab6
mount /dev/vg_summit/lab3_split /mnt/lab3_split
[root]# umount /dev/vg_summit/{lab3_split,lab 6}
[root]# lvconvert --merge vg_summit/lab 6
Merging of volume lab6 started.
lab3_split: Merged: 100.0%
Merge of snapshot into logical volume lab3_split has finished.
Logical volume "lab6" successfully removed
[root]# ls -god /mnt/lab3_split/sysconfig/iptables*
-rw-------. 1 476 Jun 23 23:02 /mnt/lab3_split/sysconfig/iptables
-rw-------. 1 1740 Jun 23 23:02 /mnt/lab3_split/sysconfig/iptables-config
-rw-------. 1 476 Jun 23 23:02 /mnt/lab3_split/sysconfig/[Link]
lvcreate -s -V 1G -L 100M -n lab8 vg_summit
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/vg_summit/lab8
mkdir -p /mnt/lab8
mount /dev/vg_summit/lab8 /mnt/lab8
[root]# lvcreate -s -V 1G -L100M -n lab8 vg_summit
Logical volume “lab8” created.
[root]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/vg_summit/lab8 > /dev/null
[root]# mkdir -p /mnt/lab 8
[root]# mount /dev/vg_summit/lab8 /mnt/lab 8
[root]# df -h /mnt/lab 8
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_summit-lab8 1008M 34M 924M 4% /mnt/lab8
[root]# lvs -o name,vg_name,attr,size,origin,snap_percent vg_summit/lab 8
LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap%
lab8 vg_summit swi-aos-- 100.00m [lab7_vorigin] 48.59
Logical Volume Management
Thin Provisioning
lvcreate -T vg_summit/lab9_pool -L 100M -V 1G -n lab9
mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_summit/lab9
mkdir -p /mnt/lab9
mount /dev/vg_summit/lab9 /mnt/lab9
[root]# lvcreate -T vg_summit/lab9_pool -L 100M -V 1G -n lab 9
Logical volume "lab9" created
[root]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_summit/lab9 > /dev/null
[root]# mkdir -p /mnt/lab 9
[root]# mount /dev/vg_summit/lab9 /mnt/lab 9
[root]# df -h /mnt/lab 9
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_summit-lab9 1008M 34M 924M 4% /mnt/lab8
[root]# lvs -o name,vg_name,attr,size,pool_lv,data_percent vg_summit
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Data%
lab2 vg_summit -wi-ao--- 40.00m
lab3_split vg_summit -wi-ao--- 20.00m
lab4 vg_summit rwi-aor-- 24.00m
lab5 vg_summit rwi-aor-- 20.00m
lab8 vg_summit swi-aos-- 100.00m 48.59
lab9 vg_summit Vwi-aotz- 1.00g lab9_pool 4.76
lab9_pool vg_summit twi-a-tz- 100.00m 48.75
lvcreate -s vg_summit/lab9 -n lab9_snap
mkdir -p /mnt/lab9_snap
mount /dev/vg_summit/lab9_snap /mnt/lab9_snap
Lab 9: Part 2 – Analyzing creation of a thin logical volume
[root]# lvcreate -s vg_summit/lab9 -n lab9_snap
Logical volume “lab9_snap” created.
[root]# mkdir -p /mnt/lab9_snap
[root]# mount /dev/vg_summit/lab9_snap /mnt/lab9_snap
[root]# df -h /mnt/lab9_snap
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_summit-lab9_snap 1008M 34M 924M 4% /mnt/lab9_snap
[root]# lvs -o name,vg_name,attr,size,pool_lv,origin,data_percent vg_summit
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data%
lab2 vg_summit -wi-ao--- 40.00m
lab3_split vg_summit -wi-ao--- 20.00m lab4
vg_summit rwi-aor-- 24.00m lab5
vg_summit rwi-aor-- 20.00m lab8
vg_summit swi-aos-- 100.00m [lab8_vorigin] 48.59 lab9
vg_summit Vwi-aotz- 1.00g lab9_pool 4.76 lab9_pool
vg_summit twi-a-tz- 100.00m 48.81 lab9_snap
vg_summit Vwi-aotz- 1.00g lab9_pool lab9 4.76
Logical Volume Management
Wrap Up
umount /mnt/*
vgremove -f vg_summit
vgextend vg_desktop /dev/vd{b,c,d,e,f}1
lvcreate -L 100M -n adlab1_arc vg_desktop
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/vg_desktop/adlab1_arc
mkdir -p /mnt/adlab1_arc
mount /dev/vg_desktop/adlab1_backup /mnt/adlab1_arc
umount /boot
dd if=/dev/vda1 | gzip -c9 - > /mnt/adlab1_arc/[Link]
mount /boot
lvcreate -s -L 500M -n adlab1_snap vg_desktop/lv_root
[root]# lvs -a -o lv_name,lv_size,lv_attr,origin,snap_percent vg_desktop
LV LSize Attr Origin Snap%
adlab1_arc 100.00m -wi-ao--
adlab1_snap 500.00m swi-a-s- lv_root 0.03
lv_root 9.26g owi-aos-
lv_swap 256.00m -wi-ao--
[root]# ls -god /usr/share/doc/yum*
drwxr-xr-x. 2 4096 Jun 19 22:44 /usr/share/doc/yum-3.2.29
drwxr-xr-x. 2 4096 Jun 19 22:44 /usr/share/doc/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2
drwxr-xr-x. 2 4096 Jun 19 22:47 /usr/share/doc/yum-plugin-security-1.1.30
drwxr-xr-x. 2 4096 Jun 19 22:45 /usr/share/doc/yum-rhn-plugin-0.9.1
drwxr-xr-x. 2 4096 Jun 19 22:47 /usr/share/doc/yum-utils-1.1.30
[root]# tail -1 /boot/grub/[Link]
[root]# cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.3 (Santiago)
echo “##LAB7 COMMENT##” >> /boot/grub/[Link]
echo “##LAB7 COMMENT##” > /etc/redhatrelease
rm -rf /usr/share/doc/yum*
[root]# lvs -a -o lv_name,lv_size,lv_attr,origin,snap_percent vg_desktop
LV LSize Attr Origin Snap%
lab7_backup 100.00m -wi-ao--
lab7_snap 500.00m swi-a-s- lv_root 0.08
lv_root 9.26g owi-aos-
lv_swap 256.00m -wi-ao--
[root]# ls -god /usr/share/doc/yum*
ls: cannot access /usr/share/doc/yum*: No such file or directory
[root]# tail -1 /boot/grub/[Link]
“##LAB7 COMMENT##”
[root]# cat /etc/redhat-release
“##LAB7 COMMENT##”
umount /boot
gzip -dc /mnt/lab7_arc/[Link] | dd of=/dev/vda1
fsck /dev/vda1
mount /boot
lvconvert --merge vg_desktop/adlab1_snap
reboot
[root]# lvs -a -o lv_name,lv_size,lv_attr,origin,snap_percent vg_desktop
LV LSize Attr Origin Snap%
adlab1_arc 100.00m -wi-a---
lv_root 9.26g -wi-ao--
lv_swap 256.00m -wi-ao--
[root]# ls -god /usr/share/doc/yum*
drwxr-xr-x. 2 4096 Jun 25 00:35 /usr/share/doc/yum-3.2.29
drwxr-xr-x. 2 4096 Jun 19 22:44 /usr/share/doc/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2
drwxr-xr-x. 2 4096 Jun 25 00:41 /usr/share/doc/yum-plugin-security-1.1.30
drwxr-xr-x. 2 4096 Jun 25 00:36 /usr/share/doc/yum-rhn-plugin-0.9.1
drwxr-xr-x. 2 4096 Jun 25 00:41 /usr/share/doc/yum-utils-1.1.30
[root]# tail -1 /boot/grub/[Link]
[root]# cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.4 (Santiago)
