UNIVERSITY OF PUNE

[4363]-112
T. E.(Mechanical)Examination - 2013
HEAT TRANSFER (302042)
(2008 Pattern)
[Total No. of Questions:12] [Total No. of Printed Pages :6]
[Time : 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 100]

Instructions :

(1) Answer three questions from each section .

(2) Answers to the two sections should be written in separate
answer-books.
(3) Black figures to the right indicate full marks.
(4) Neat diagrams must be drawn wherever necessary.
(5) Use of electronics pocket calculator is allowed.
(6) Use of external data books is not allowed.
(7) Assume suitable data, if necessary.
SECTION I
UNIT-I
Q1 a) Explain in brief the analogy between heat flow and electricity with [4]
its significance.
b) An immersion water heater of surface area 0.1m2 and rating 1 kW [4]
is designed to operate fully submerged in water. Estimate the surface
temperature of the heater when the water is at 40°C and hwater = 300W/
m2K. If this heater is by mistake used in air at 40°C with hair = 9W/m2

1
 K, what will be the surface temperature?
c) Derive a general three dimensional heat conduction equation in [10]
Cartesian coordinate system. Reduce it as 1) Poisson equation,
2)Fourier equation, 3) Laplace equation.
OR
Q2 a) A brick wall (k=1.5W/mK) 0.20 m thickness separates hot combustion [8]
gases of a furnace from outside ambient air which is at 25°C. the outer
surface temperature of brick wall is found to be 100°C. if natural convection
heat transfer coefficient on the outside surface of brick wall is 25 W/m2 K,
ε =0.85, calculate inner surface temperature of brick wall.
b) Explain the significance of i. Thermal Diffusivity, ii. Thermal [6]
Conductivity, iii. Overall heat transfer coefficient
c) Explain different types of Insulating materials [4]
UNIT-II
Q3 a) Define Critical radius of insulation. Explain why an insulated small [8]
diameter wire has a higher current carrying capacity than an uninsulated
one.
b) A plane wall of thickness 0.1 m and k=25 W/mK, having uniform [8]
volumetric heat generation of 0.3 MW/m3 is insulated on one side and is
exposed to a fluid at 92°C. the convective heat transfer coefficient between
the wall and the fluid is 500 W/m2 K. Determine: i) the maximum
temperature in the wall, ii) temperature at the surface exposed to the fluid,
iii) draw the temperature profile
OR
Q4 a) An electrical conductor of 10mm diameter insulated by PVC (k=0.18 [8]

2
 W/mK) is located in air at 30° C having convective heat transfer coefficient
of 7.8 W/m2 K. if surface temperature of base conductor is 85°C, find i.
Current carrying capacity of conductor when 2mm thick insulation is
provided (take resistivity of conductor = 70 μ Ω cm), ii. Critical insulation
thickness, iii. Max. current carrying capacity, iv. % increase in current
carrying capacity by providing critical insulation.
b) A steel pipe (k=50 W/mK) of 100 mm I.D and 110 mm O.D is to be [8]
covered with two layers of insulation each having thickness of 50 mm.
The thermal conductivity of first insulation material is 0.06 W/mK and
that of the second is 0.12 W/mK. Estimate heat loss per meter length of
pipe when temperature of inside tube surface is 523 K and that of surface
is 323 K. if order of insulation is reversed, calculate change in heat loss
with all other conditions kept unchanged. Comment on results.
UNIT-III
Q5 a) Pin fin are provided to increase the heat transfer rate from a hot [6]
surface. Which of the following arrangement will give higher heat
transfer rate: i) 6 fins of 10 cm length or ii) 12 fins of 5 cm length
Take kfin = 200 W/m°C, h= 20W/m2 °C, Cross section area of fin=2 cm2
perimeter = 4cm, fin base temp=230 ° C, Surrounding air temp=30°C.
For analysis, use fin with insulated tip condition.
b) Explain difference between fin efficiency and fin effectiveness [4]
c) A mercury thermometer is being used for measuring temperature of a [6]
fluid which changes within a time period less than 3 seconds. State the
suitability of this arrangement by assuming bulb of thermometer a sphere
of 1mm diameter having k=10W/mK, ∝ =5x10-5 m2/s, h=10 W/m2K. find

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 diameter of thermocouple junction used for the same purpose in same
environment. Kthermocouple =90 W/mK, ∝ thermocouple =25x10-5 m2/s.
OR
Q6 a) State assumptions made in lumped capacitance method. Using this [8]
method derive the following relation(T-Ta )/ (Ti - Ta ) =e-(Bi Fo) with usual
notations.
b) Fins are more effective, when provided on the surface for which film [4]
heat transfer coefficient is smaller. Explain.
c) Explain difference between Biot number and Nusselt number
[4]
Q7 a) Explain how electrical network can be applied to solve radiation [6]
heat transfer problems.
b) Two large parallel planes ‘A’ and ‘D’ are maintained at temperature [10]
of 1500K and 600K respectively. Their emissivities are 0.9 and 0.4
respectively. Two radiation shields, ‘B’ with emissivity=0.5 and ‘C’ with
emissivity=0.2 are inserted in between them, such that A, B, C and D are
placed one after the other. Calculate. i. Heat transfer rate without radiation
shield, ii. Heat transfer rate with radiation shield, iii. Temperature attained
by planes ‘B’ and ‘C’.
OR
Q8 a) Write the statements and mathematical expressions of the following [8]
laws in radiation heat transfer. i. Planck’s law, ii. Wien’s law,
iii. Kirchhoff’s law, iv. Lambert’s cosine rule.
b) Define Radiosity and Irradiation. [4]
c) Determine the rate of heat loss by radiation from a steel tube of outside [4]

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 diameter 70 mm and 3m long at a temperature of 227°C if the tube is
located within a square brick conduit of 0.3 m side and at 27°C. take
∈ steel=0.79 and ∈ brick=0.93

UNIT-V
Q9 a) Define Prandtl number and give its significance. Give its relation with [10]
Thermal boundary layer and velocity boundary layer. Also give its value
for liquid metals, heavy oils, water and air.
b) A hot plate 1mx0.5m at 130°C is kept vertically in still air at 20°C. [6]
find i. Heat Transfer coefficient, ii. initial rate of cooling the plate in
°C/min. Assume 0.5 m side is vertical and heat transfer takes place from
both the sides of the plate. Use: Nu=0.59 (GrPr)1/4 At 75°C, the
properties of air are: ρ =1.07 kg/m3 , v=19.1x10-6 m2/s.
Cp=1007 J/kg K, k=0.029 W/mK, mass of plate=20 kg, specific
Heat of plate=400 J/kg K
OR
Q10 a) Draw neat diagrams to show directions of natural convection fluid flow [8]
(development of thermal boundary layers) when:
i. Plate is kept vertical and surrounding fluid temperature is higher than plate
ii. cylinder is kept horizontal and surrounding fluid temperature is lower
than cylinder
iii. Plate is horizontal and surrounding fluid temperature is lower than the
plate
iv. cylinder is vertical and surrounding fluid temperature is lower than the
cylinder
b) Air at 2 bar pressure and 200°C is heated as it flows at a velocity of [8]

5
 10 m/s through a tube with diameter of 3 cm with constant heat flux
maintained at the wall with wall temperature 20°C above air temperature
along all length of tube. Calculate: i. Heat transfer per unit length of tube,
ii. increase in bulk temperature of air over 4 m length of tube.
Properties of air at 200°C are Pr=0.681, μ =2.57 x 10-5 kg/ms,
k= 0.0386 W/mK, Cp=1.025 kJ/kg K. Use: Nu=0.023 (Re)0.8
(Pr) 0.8
UNIT-VI
Q11 a) Explain phenomenon of nucleate boiling. List the factors that affect [8]
nucleate boiling.
b) Write a note on Forced Convection Boiling [6]
c) Write a note on Heat Transfer Augmentation Techniques [4]
OR
Q12 a) Establish expression for LMTD for counter flow heat exchanger with [8]
usual notations.
b) In a tube type parallel flow heat exchanger hot water at 80°C is [10]
cooled to 65°C by cold water entering at 20°C and leaving at 35°C. what
would be the exit temperature if the flow rate of water is doubled?