POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

CHAPTER III

METHODS AND PROCEDURE

This chapter presents the methods and procedures in the study. It includes the

research method used and the instruments that were used in the data gathering

procedures, it also provides the description of the subjects, sampling used,

procedures in data gathering and the statistical procedure in the treatment of data.

Research Design

To be able to finish this study, the research method that the researchers used

in this study is the quantitative method wherein numerical data will be collected and

to correlate two variables (Slavin 2007). We the researchers generally seeks to study

a scale patterns of behavior of the students in grade 12 HUMSS A.Y. 2017-2018 in

Polytechnic University of the Philippines [Link]. And to identify if there is a

consensus on this particular matter. The quantitative research is also used in this

study to know if there is an evidence that may describe the characteristics of the group

of people that are involved in this study. This method will also enable us researchers

to identify specified size of students affected by stress and how many of them are able

to cope with it with the help of stress relieving mechanisms.

Data Collection

The researchers have used educational sites such as blogs, articles and

journals. The researchers used books and research by students from Polytechnic
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University of the Philippines. Also, the researchers looked in different researches in

some libraries that can used as guidelines for the entire research study.

Description of the Respondents of the Study

Prior to the data gathering of this research, the researchers have conducted

the study on Polytechnic University of the Philippines Manila. The sample was

comprised of 50 boys and 50 girls.

The researchers only focused on these Humanities and Social Sciences

students, 5 sections in morning shift and 5 sections in afternoon shift with 10

representatives each section. The qualified respondents were evaluated using their

demographic profile.

Sampling Design and Technique

The researchers used the stratified sampling wherein it is a probability sampling

technique wherein the researcher divides the entire population into different

subgroups or strata, then randomly selects the final subjects proportionally from the

different strata. The researchers used this technique to divide the HUMSS students

into two sub group wherein the researcher based it on the class shifts of Grade 12

HUMSS students. The researchers will have 100 respondents (100) wherein 50 for

the morning shift and 50 for afternoon shift.

Research Instruments

The instrument used researchers is survey questionnaire to reach the

preferences of respondents entitled, “The Stress Reliever Mechanisms of HUMSS

Grade 12 in PUP Manila”. A survey is a method of gathering information from a sample

of people, traditionally with the intention of generalizing the results to a larger

population. Surveys provide a critical source of data and insights for nearly everyone

engaged in the information economy, from businesses and the media to government

and academics (Vannette, 2015).

A survey questionnaire was distributed to the HUMSS students. The

questionnaire given to the students aimed to know the most effective stress reliever

of every HUMSS students and to know the cause of their stress. In general, the

performance of the stress reliever they used was evaluated for this study in order to

determine whether its mechanisms is effective or not. The questionnaire was based

on the given objectives that should be attained. The researchers used the close-ended

questions to easily answer by the respondents. A closed-ended question generates a

limited set of responses that can be coded easily in a database with some number or

symbol that represents a response. Multiple-choice, ordinal, interval and ratio

questions generate closed-ended responses.

Construction and Validation of the Research Instrument

The reliability and validity are important characteristics of all psychological

measurement. These two processes will make the measurement in the survey

specifically the researcher-made questionnaire, to be more reliable and valid

(Zechmeister,2001). The reliability entails the extent to which a questionnaire, test,

observation or any measurement procedure produces consistent results on repeated

trials, whereas the validity of the test will be defined as the extent to which the

instrument measures what it purports to measure according to Miller.

For the validation of the test, the researchers asked the assistance of three

professional from different schools, namely from the Polytechnic University of the

Philippines-Manila (PUP-Manila), the Rizal Technological Institute (RTI); Mr. Joseph

Vincent David (PUP), Mr. Eleandro Llanes, RPM (PUP), Robin Carlo Robino

RN,RM,MAN (RTI) were the validators of the researcher-made questionnaire. After

the three validators checked the face and content validity of the test, the researchers

have administered pilot testing in 100 random students.

Scoring and Interpretation

This description of the “The Stress Reliever Mechanisms of HUMSS Grade 12”. A 4-

point Likert Scale was used by the researcher in evaluating the answers of the

students in the researcher-made questionnaire. This was evaluated and approved by

statisticians.
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Description of the 4-point Likert Scale and Corresponding numerical rating

Numerical Rating Scale Interpretation

3.25-4 4 Very High

2.50-3.24 3 High

1.75-2.45 2 Low

1-1.74 1 Very Low

Data Gathering Procedure

The survey instrument used in this study was designed to determine whether

or not the stress reliever mechanisms that the HUMSS students chose to use is really

helpful and efficient to use/do when you are experiencing stress. The researcher gave

their own suggestion to conduct a research problem which was checked by their

research adviser Mr. Richard Campos.

The researcher took the permission of their research adviser, Mr. Richard

Campos to note the letter of approval. After the researchers seek the approval of the

letter to the Senior High School Principal of Polytechnic University of the Philippines,

Mrs. Corazon Tahil to conduct this study.

The researchers prepare their things including questionnaires and letter of

approval. Their setup is to ask the students who are willing to respond to the given

survey questionnaires. After they know who shows the willingness to participate, the
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researchers would give the questionnaires to the respondents to gather the data their

needed. They wait for at least ten-minutes to collect the questionnaires. And lastly,

they give thanks to the respondents, who answered their survey honestly.

Statistical Procedures and Treatment

The researchers have used statistical tools such as Percentage Distribution

and Weighted Mean formula.

1. The Percentage Distribution was used to determine the distribution of the

participants according to their profile variables such as sex, age and morning

and afternoon shift. This will answer the statement of the problem number 1, 2

and 4. .

P= f/n x 100

Where:

P= percentage

f= frequency

n= Total number of participants

2. To get the Weighted Mean of the indicated most effective stress reliever

mechanisms of the students. This will answer the statement of the problem

numbers 3.

X=∑X/N

Where:
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X= weighted mean

N= total number of respondents