PHYSICAL
SCIENCE
Submitted by:
Criestefiel Ann S. Lolo
Grade 12 -Gates
Submitted to:
Nessel D. Auditor
Subject teacher
SUMMARY
AND
ACTIVITIES
SUMMARY
Quarter 1- Module 3:
Polarity of Molecules
The polarity of molecules is determined by the two factors: the polarity
of bonds based on the electronegativity difference of the atoms
involved and the geometrical shape of the molecules which can be
predicted via valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory.
A. Polarity of Bonds and Electronegativity Type of bond based on
electronegativity difference (∆EN) of bonded atoms
Type of Bond Electronegativity Difference
(∆EN)
Ionic ≥1.7
Polar Covalent 0.5 to 1.6
Nonpolar Covalent ≤ 0.4
B. Polarity of Molecules and Molecular Geometry
You can predict the shape or molecular geometry of a substance using
the following steps:
Step 1: Determine the central atom of a molecule. The central atom is
the least electronegative element.
Step 2: Draw the appropriate Lewis dot structure for themolecule.
Step 3: Count the number of bonding pairs of electrons and non-
bonding (or lone pairs) around the central atom.
Step 4: Determine the electron pair orientation using the total number
of electron pairs.
Step 5: Name the shape of based on the location of the atoms
ACTIVITIES
What’s New
Activity1: Polarity Experiment
Guide Question:
A. Water and oil
Water and oil
B. I can infer that not all of the given materials can be mixed
Molecule EN of the first EN of the ∆ EN
atom 2nd atom
1. NaCl 0.93 3.16 = 0.92 - 3.16 = /-2.2.3/
= 2.23
2. NH3 3.04 2.20 = 3.09 - 2.20 = 0.84
3. CH4 2.55 2.20 = 2.55 - 2.20 = 0.35
4. H2 2.20 2.20 = 2.20 - 2.20 = 0
5. H2O 2.20 3.44 = 2.20 - 3.44 = / - 1.24/
= 1.24
SUMMARY
Quarter 1- Module 4:
Polarity of Molecules and Its
Properties
Solubility is defined as the ability of a solid substance to be dissolved in
a given amount of solvent while miscibility is the ability of the two
liquids to combine or mix in all proportions, creating a homogenous
mixture.
The general rule to remember about the solubility and miscibility of
molecular compounds can be summarized in a phrase, “like dissolves
like” or “like mixes with like”. This means that polar substances will only
be dissolved or mixed with polar substances while nonpolar substances
will be soluble or miscible with another nonpolar substance.
There are several types of IMFA and below they are arranged from
STRONGEST to WEAKEST. Ion-dipole → H-bonding→ dipole-
dipole→dipoleinduced dipole→London forces of attraction
Type of IMFA Interacting Substances Examples
Ion-dipole Ion (cation or anion) and a polar molecule NaCl dissolved in
NaCl dissolved in H2O; Ca2+ and PCl3 H2O;Ca2+ and
Hydrogen bonding PCl3
Hydrogen bonding Polar molecules Containing H chemically H2O,NH3,CH3O
bonded to a small and highly electronegative H
nonmetal atom such as N, O, and F
Dipole –dipole Polar molecules CH3F and
H2S;HCl;
Dipole-induced dipole Polar and nonpolar molecules HI and CH
London forces All substances and solely for nonpolar O2, N2, He gas,
molecules and noble gases Br2
ACTIVITIES
What’s New
1. What is the message of the song?
The message of the song as I define it in two person they can’t be
together even how hard they want too just like oild and water they
can’t be mixed together.
2. If you add oil to the water, what will happen?
Will it create a single homogeneous phase or will it form two layers?
Why? It will form two layers phases, because oil and water cannot be
mixed it will separately the vinegar will float.
3. Why do you think water and oil cannot be mixed even when
heated? Support your answer.
Water and oil cannot be mixed even when it heated because oil will
float in the water because oil is lighter than water.
What is It
/ 1. High boiling point
2. Low boiling point
/ 3. High melting point
4. Low melting point
5. High volatility
/ 6. Low volatility
7. High vapor pressure
/ 8. Low vapor pressure
/ 9. High surface tension
10. Low surface tension
/ 11. H-bonding & dipole-dipole present
12. London dispersion is present
