Wired and Wireless LAN Setup Guide
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Parth GadewarWired and Wireless LAN Setup Guide
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Parth GadewarCommon questions
Powered by AISelective Repeat ARQ improves flow and error control over Go-Back-N ARQ by allowing the sender to retransmit only the erroneous or lost frames rather than all frames from the erroneous point onwards, as with Go-Back-N. This approach reduces unnecessary data transmission and bandwidth usage, leading to higher efficiency especially over unreliable networks .
Hamming code is designed primarily for error correction and can correct single-bit errors and detect two-bit errors using parity bits placed at specific positions in the data stream. CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) is used for error detection, particularly for detecting burst errors by generating a checksum that is appended to the data. While CRC can detect errors effectively, it does not inherently correct errors, unlike Hamming code .
The TCP/IP model consists of four layers: the Application layer, where network applications and their services work; the Transport layer, which is responsible for providing communication services directly to the application processes running on different hosts; the Internet layer, handling the movement of packets around the network; and the Network Access layer, which is responsible for managing the hardware addressing and the physical transmission of data .
A switch should be used to increase bandwidth per node as it can filter and forward data to a specific destination on the network, unlike hubs which send data to all devices on a network segment. This means that switches avoid collisions and efficiently manage data traffic, leading to better bandwidth usage .
CAT5 cables support network speeds up to 100 Mbps for Ethernet data transmission. The maximum length for a CAT5 cable without sacrificing signal integrity is 100 meters. This limitation is important for network planning and maintaining quality data transmission over organized distances .
Pipelining in sliding window protocols improves data transmission by allowing multiple frames to be in transit simultaneously between the sender and the receiver before the receiver must send an acknowledgment for earlier frames. This makes effective use of available bandwidth and reduces wait times, leading to increased throughput, especially beneficial in high-latency networks .
The main types of guided mediums in networking include twisted pair cables, coaxial cables, and fiber optic cables. Twisted pair cables are used for telephone and most Ethernet networks; they are susceptible to electromagnetic interference. Coaxial cables provide a shield against interference and are used in cable TV networks. Fiber optic cables offer high speed and are used for data communications over long distances due to their resistance to electromagnetic interference and high bandwidth capabilities .
The OSI model has seven layers including physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application, whereas the TCP/IP model has four layers. The OSI model provides a more detailed framework and is more theoretical, focusing on ensuring all aspects of network communications are addressed. TCP/IP is more practical and is built to avoid unnecessary complexity, implementing only as many layers as needed for efficient communications .
The Datalink layer is crucial for error detection and correction as it ensures that the data frames are error-free before they are forwarded to higher layers. It employs techniques such as CRC and Hamming code, managing errors at a fundamental level by performing error checking immediately as data is transmitted across physical links. This reduces error propagation and enhances the reliability of network communications by addressing issues like frame duplication and loss .
In a bus topology, all devices are connected to a single central cable; this simple architecture is easy to install and cost-effective, but if the main cable fails, the entire network goes down. Conversely, a mesh topology involves each device connecting to every other, allowing redundancy and high fault tolerance since data can be rerouted across alternative paths if one connection fails. However, mesh topology is more complex to configure and more costly due to the increased number of cables and ports required .
