Definition

The straight line is a curve such that every point on the line segment joining any two points on it lies on it. The simplest locus of a point in a plane is
a straight line. A line is determined uniquely by any one of the following:
(1) Two different points (because we know the axiom that one and only one straight line passes through two given points).
(2) A point and a given direction.
Slope (Gradient) of a line
The trigonometrical tangent of the angle that a line makes with the positive direction of the x-axis in anticlockwise sense is called the slope or
gradient of the line. The slope of a line is generally denoted by m. Thus, m = tan θ .
Y Y

B
B

X X X X
A O O A
Y Y o
(1) Slope of line parallel to x – axis is m=tan 0 =0 .
o
(2) Slope of line parallel to y – axis is m=tan 90 =∞ .
(3) Slope of the line equally inclined with the axes is 1 or – 1.
y2− y1
(4) Slope of the line through the points A ( x 1 , y 1) and B ( x2 , y 2 ) is x2 −x 1 taken in the same order.
a
−
(5) Slope of the line ax +by +c=0 ,b≠0 is b .
(6) Slope of two parallel lines are equal.
(7) If
m1 and
m2 be the slopes of two perpendicular lines, then
m1 .m2 =−1 .
π
θ≠
(8) m can be defined as tan θ for 0≤θ≤π and 2 .
Equations of straight line in different forms
(1) Slope form : Equation of a line through the origin and having slope m is y = mx.
(2) One point form or Point slope form : Equation of a line through the point ( x1 , y 1 ) and having slope m is
y− y 1 =m ( x−x 1 ) .
(3) Slope intercept form : Equation of a line (non-vertical) with slope m and cutting off an intercept c on the y-axis is y=mx +c .

Y
B

c
X' X
A O
The equation of a line with slope m and the x-intercept d is y=m( x−d ) .
(4) Intercept form : If a straight
Y' line cuts x-axis at A and the y-axis at B then OA and OB are known as the intercepts of the line on x-axis and y-axis
respectively.
Then, equation of a straight line Y
cutting off intercepts a and b on x–
axis and y–axis respectively is B
x y
+ =1 b
a b . A
X' X
If given line is parallel to X O a
axis, then X-intercept is undefined.
If given line is parallel to Y Y'
axis, then Y-intercept is undefined.
(5) Two point form: Equation
y 2− y1
( y− y 1 )= (x −x1 )
of the line through the points A ( x1 , y 1 ) and B ( x2 , y 2 ) is, x 2 −x1 .
In the determinant form it is gives as
 Y L
B
(x2, y2)

O X
A
(x1,y1)
x y 1
| 1 y1 1 |
x
x2 y2 1 = 0
is the equation of line.

(6) Normal or perpendicular form : The equation of the straight line upon which the length of the perpendicular from the origin is p and this
perpendicular makes an angle  with x-axis is xcos α+ y sin α= p .

B
p P

X' X
O A

(7) Symmetrical or parametric or distance form of the line : Equation of a line passing through ( x1 , y 1 ) and making an angle  with the
Y'
x−x 1 y − y 1
= =±r
positive direction of x-axis is cos θ sin θ , where r is the distance between the point P (x, y) and A ( x 1 , y 1) .

Y
(x1,y1)r
A P(x, y)

X' X
O

The co-ordinates of any point

Y ' on this line may be taken as
( x1 ±r cosθ , y 1 ±r sinθ ) , known as parametric co-ordinates. ‘r’ is called the
parameter.
Equation of parallel and perpendicular lines to a given line
(1) Equation of a line which is parallel to ax+by +c=0 is ax +by +λ=0 .
(2) Equation of a line which is perpendicular to ax +by +c=0 is bx−ay+λ=0 .
The value of λ in both cases is obtained with the help of additional information given in the problem.
(3) If the equation of line be a sin θ+b cosθ=c , then line
(i) Parallel to it, a sin θ+b cos θ=d
π π
(ii) Perpendicular to it, 2 ( )
a sin +θ +b cos +θ =d
2 .
( )
General equation of a straight line and its transformation in standard forms

General form of equation of a line is ax +by +c=0 , its

a c a c
y=− x− m= C=−
(1) Slope intercept form: b b , slope b and intercept on y-axis is, b .
x y c c
+
(2) Intercept form : −c /a −c/b
=1
, x intercept is =
−
a ( )
and y intercept is =
−
b . ( )
(3) Normal form : To change the general form of a line into normal form, first take c to right hand side and make it positive, then divide the whole

equation by √ a2+b2 like

 ax by c
− − 2 2= 2 2 ,
2 2
√a +b √ a +b √ a +b
a b c
cos α =− sin α=− 2 2
p=
where √ + b2
a 2
, √ a +b , √ a + b2
2

Point of intersection of two lines

Point of intersection of two lines
a1 x +b1 y +c1 =0 and a2 x +b 2 y+ c 2=0 is given by
b1 b2 c c2
| | 1

( )
| |
c1 c2 a1 a2
= ,
b1 c2 −b 2 c 1 c 1 a2 −c 2 a 1 a a a a2
( x' , y ' )=
( ,
a1 b2 −a 2 b1 a1 b2 −a 2 b1 ) | 1 2| | 1
b1 b2 b1 b2
|

General equation of lines through the intersection of two given lines

If equation of two lines
P=a 1 x+ b1 y +c 1=0 and
Q=a2 x+ b2 y +c 2 =0 , then the equation of the lines passing through the point of
intersection of these lines is P+λ Q=0 or
a1 x +b1 y +c1 + λ(a 2 x+ b2 y +c 2 )=0 . Value of λ is obtained with the help of the
additional information given in the problem.
Angle between two non-parallel lines
m1−m2
θ=tan−1 | |
If  be the angle between the lines
y=m 1 x +c 1 and
y=m2 x +c 2 and intersecting at A. Then, 1+m1 m2 . If θ is angle
between two lines, then π −θ is also the angle between them.
(1) Angle between two straight lines when their equations are given : The angle  between the lines
a1 x +b1 y + c1 =0 and
a2 b 1−a1 b2
tan θ=| |
a2 x +b 2 y+ c 2=0 is given by, a1 a2 +b 1 b2 .
(2) Conditions for two lines to be coincident, parallel, perpendicular and intersecting : Two lines
a1 x +b1 y + c1 =0 and
a2 x +b 2 y+ c 2=0 are,
a1 b1 c1
= =
(a) Coincident, if a2 b2 c2
a1 b1 c1
= ≠
(b) Parallel, if a2 b2 c2
a1 b1
≠
(c) Intersecting, if a2 b2

(d) Perpendicular, if
a1 a2 +b 1 b2 =0

Equation of straight line through a given point making a given angle with a given line
The equation of the straight lines which pass through a given point ( x1 , y 1 ) and make a given angle α with given straight line
m ± tan α
y− y 1 = ( x−x 1 )
y=mx +c are, 1 ∓m tan α .
Equations of the bisectors of the angles between two straight lines

The equation of the bisectors of the angles between the lines

a1 x +b1 y +c1 =0 and
a2 x +b 2 y+ c 2=0 are given by,
a1 x+b1 y +c 1 a 2 x +b 2 y +c 2
=±
√ a21+b 21 √a 22+b 22 .....(i)
Algorithm to find the bisector of the angle containing the origin : Let the equations of the two lines
a1 x +b1 y +c1 =0 and
a2 x +b 2 y+ c 2=0 . To find the bisector of the angle containing the origin, we proceed as follows:

Step I : See whether the constant terms

c 1 and c 2 in the equations of two lines positive or not. If not, then multiply both the sides of the
equation by –1 to make the constant term positive.
 a1 x+ b1 y +c 1 a2 x +b 2 y+ c 2
2 2
= 2 2
Step II : Now obtain the bisector corresponding to the positive sign i.e., a1 +b 1 √
a 2 +b2 . √
This is the required bisector of the angle containing the origin.
The bisector of the angle containing the origin means the bisector of the angle between the lines which contains the origin within it.
(1) To find the acute and obtuse angle bisectors : Let θ be the angle between one of the lines and one of the bisectors given by (i). Find
tan θ . If |tan θ|<1 , then this bisector is the bisector of acute angle and the other one is the bisector of the obtuse angle.
If |tan θ| > 1, then this bisector is the bisector of obtuse angle and other one is the bisector of the acute angle.
(2) Method to find acute angle bisector and obtuse angle bisector
(i) Make the constant term positive, if not.
(ii) Now determine the sign of the expression
a1 a2 +b 1 b2 .

(iii) If
a a +b b > 0
1 2 1 2 , then the bisector corresponding to “+” sign gives the obtuse angle bisector and the bisector corresponding to “–” sign is
the bisector of acute angle between the lines.
(iv) If
a a +b b < 0
1 2 1 2 , then the bisector corresponding to “+” and “–” sign given the acute and obtuse angle bisectors respectively.
Bisectors are perpendicular to each L1
other.
If
a a +b b > 0
1 2 1 2 , then the
Acute bisector
origin lies in obtuse angle and if
a1 a2 +b 1 b2 < 0 , then the origin lies
in acute angle.
Length of perpendicular L2
Obtuse bisector
(1) Distance of a point from a line :
|ax 1 +by 1 +c|
p=
The length p of the perpendicular from the point ( x1 , y 1 ) to the line ax +by +c=0 is given by √ a2 +b2 .
c
| 2 2
|
 Length of perpendicular from origin to the line ax +by +c=0 is √ a +b .
 Length of perpendicular from the point ( x1 , y 1 ) to the line xcos α+ y sin α= p is
|x 1 cos α+ y1 sin α− p| .

(2) Distance between two parallel lines : Let the two parallel lines be
ax +by +c 1 =0 and
ax +by +c 2 =0 .
|c1 −c 2|
d=
First Method: The distance
ax +between
by + c1 =the
0 lines is √(a 2+b2 ) .

ax + by + c2 = 0
λ
d=
ax + bybetween
Second Method: The distance + c1 = 0 the lines is √(a +b2 )
2
,

ax + by + c2 = 0

where (i)
λ=|c 1−c 2| , if they
O (0, 0)
be on the same side of origin.
(ii)
λ=|c 1|+|c 2| , if the origin O lies between them.
Third method : Find the coordinates of any point on one of the given line, preferably putting x=0 or y=0 . Then the perpendicular
distance of this point from the other line is the required distance between the lines.
ax + by + c1 = 0

.O (0, 0)

ax + by + c2 = 0
 c2
|c 1 − |
k
Distance between two parallel lines
ax +by +c 1 =0 , kax +kby +c 2 =0 is √ a2+b 2 . Distance between two non parallel lines is
always zero.
Position of a point with respect to a line

Let the given line be ax +by +c=0 and observing point is ( x1 , y 1 ) , then

(i) If the same sign is found by putting in equation of line

x=x 1 , y= y 1 and x=0 , y=0 then the point ( x1 , y 1 ) is situated on the
same side of origin.
(ii) If the opposite sign is found by putting in equation of line
x=x 1 , y= y 1 and x=0 , y=0 then the point ( x1 , y 1 ) is situated
opposite side to origin.
Position of two points with respect to a line
Two points ( x1 , y 1 ) and ( x 2 , y 2) are on the same side or on the opposite side of the straight line ax +by +c=0 according as the values
of
ax 1 +by 1 +c and
ax 2 +by 2 +c are of the same sign or opposite sign.

Concurrent lines
Three or more lines are said to be concurrent lines if they meet at a point.
First method : Find the point of intersection of any two lines by solving them simultaneously. If the point satisfies the third equation also, then the
given lines are concurrent.
a1 b 1 c 1
| a 2 b 2 c 2 |= 0
Second method : The three lines
a1 x +b1 y +c1 =0 , a2 x +b 2 y+ c 2=0 and a3 x +b 3 y+ c 3 =0 are concurrent if,
a3 b3 c3 .
Third method : The condition for the lines P=0 , Q=0 and R=0 to be concurrent is that three constants a, b, c (not all zero at the
same time) can be obtained such that aP+bQ+cR=0 .
Reflection on the surface
I N R
Here, IP = Incident Ray
Normal

PN = Normal to the surface

PR = Reflected Ray
Then, ∠ IPN =∠ NPR
Tangent
Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection P
Surface
Image of a point in different cases
(1) The image of a point with respect to the line mirror The image of A ( x 1 , y 1) with respect to the line mirror ax+by +c=0 be B (h, k)
is given by, A (x1, y1)
ax+by+c = 0
h−x 1 k − y 1 −2( ax 1 +by 1 +c )
= = 2 2
a b a +b

B(h,k)
' '
(2) The image of a point with respect to x-axis : Let P( x, y) be any point and P' (x , y ) its image after reflection in the x-axis, then
x' = x Y
'
y = – y, ( ∵ O' is the mid point of P and P' )

P(x, y)

X
O O

P(x, y)
 ' ' '
(3) The image of a point with respect to y-axis : Let P(x, y ) be any point and P (x , y ) its image after reflection in the y-axis, then
'
x =−x Y
'
y =y , ( ∵ O' is the mid point of P and P' )

P (x,y) P(x, y)
O

X X
O

(4) The image of a point with respect to the origin : Let P( x, y) be any point and P' (x ' , y ' ) be its image after reflection through the origin,
'
then x =−x
'
y =− y ,( ∵ O '
is the mid point of P, P ).
Y

P(x, y)

X N
X
O M

P(x, y)

Y ' ' '

(5) The image of a point with respect to the line y = x : Let P(x, y ) be any point and P (x , y ) be its image after reflection in the line
'
y=x , then x =y
y ' =x , ( ∵ O' is the mid point of P and P' ).
Y
P(x, y)

y=x O
45º P(x, y)
X X
O

Y ' ' '

(6) The image of a point with respect to the line y = x tan  : Let P(x, y ) be any point and P (x , y ) be its image after reflection in
the line y=x tan θ , then
'
x =x cos2 θ+ y sin 2θ
'
y =x sin 2 θ− y cos 2 θ , ( ∵ O' is the mid point of P and P' )
Y
P(x, y)
O
y=x tan P(x, y)
X X
O

 If three points A, B, C are collinear, then

Slope of AB = Slope of BC = Slope of AC.

 Equation of x-axis  y = 0.
 Equation a line parallel to x-axis (or perpendicular to y-
axis) at a distance ‘b’ from it  y=b .

 Equation of y-axis  x = 0
Equation of a line parallel to y-axis (or perpendicular to
x-axis) at a distance ‘a’ from it  x=a .

 Area of the triangle formed by the lines

y=m 1 x +c 1 ,
2
1 (c 1 −c 2 )
|∑ |
y=m 2 x +c 2 , y=m3 x +c 3 is
2 m 1−m2 .

 Area of the triangle made by the line ax+by +c=0 with

2
c
the co-ordinate axes is 2|ab| .

 Area of the rhombus formed by the lines ax±by±c=0

2
2c
| |
is ab .

 Area of the parallelogram formed by the lines

a1 x +b1 y + c1 =0 ;
a2 x +b 2 y+ c 2=0 , a1 x +b1 y +d 1
(d −c ) (d −c )
| 1 1 2 2|
and
a2 x +b 2 y+ d 2=0 is a1 b 2 −a2 b 1 .

 The foot of the perpendicular (h, k ) from ( x1 , y 1 ) to the

line ax+by +c=0 is given by
h−x 1 k − y 1 −( ax 1 + by 1 +c )
= =
a b a 2 +b 2 . Hence, the coordinates of
the foot of perpendicular is
b2 x 1−aby 1 −ac a2 y 1 −abx 1 −bc
( a2 +b 2
,
a2 + b2 ) .

p1 p2
A= p1
 Area of parallelogram sinθ , where and
p2 are the distances between parallel sides and θ is the
angle between two adjacent sides.

 The equation of a line whose mid-point is ( x1 , y 1 ) in

x y
+ =2
between the axes is
x1 y1 .

 The equation of a straight line which makes a triangle with the

x y
+ =1
axes of centroid ( x1 , y 1 ) is
3 x1 3 y1 .

Slope of line, Equation of line in different forms

1. Slope of a line which cuts intercepts of equal lengths on the axes is

(a) – 1 (b) 0
(c) 2 (d) 3 √
2. If the coordinates of the points A and B be (3, 3) and (7, 6), then the length of the portion of the line AB intercepted between the axes is
 5 √10
(a) 4 (b) 4
√13
(c) 3 (d) None of these
3. If the line 2 x+3 y=5 and y=mx +c be parallel, then
(a) m = 2/3, c = 5
(b) m = – 2/3, c = 5
(c) m = – 2/3, c = any real number
(d) None of these
4. The line (3 x− y+5)+λ (2 x−3 y −4 )=0 will be parallel to y-axis, if  =
1 −1
(a) 3 (b) 3
3 −3
(c) 2 (d) 2
5. If the transversal y = mr x; r = 1, 2, 3 cut off equal intercepts on the transversal x+ y=1, then
1+m1 , 1+m2 , 1+m3 are in
(a) A. P. (b) G. P.
(c) H. P. (d) None of these
2
6. The gradient of the line joining the points on the curve y=x +2 x whose abscissa are 1 and 3, is
(a) 6 (b) 5
(c) 4 (d) 3
7. The parallelism condition for two straight lines one of which is specified by the equation ax +by +c=0 the other being represented
x=α t +β ,
parametrically by y=γ t+δ is given by [AMU 2000]
(a) αγ−bα=0 , β=δ=c =0
(b) aα−bγ=0 , β=δ=0
(c) aα+bγ=0
(d) aγ=bα=0
8. The equation of the straight line which passes through the point (1, – 2) and cuts off equal intercepts from axes, is
(a) x+ y=1 (b) x− y=1
(c) x+ y+1=0 (d) x− y−2=0
9. The equations of the lines which cuts off an intercept – 1 from y-axis are equally inclined to the axes are
(a) x− y+1=0 , x+ y+1=0
(b) x− y−1=0 , x+ y−1=0
(c) x− y−1=0, x+ y+1=0
(d) None of these
10. A line L is perpendicular to the line 5 x− y=1 and the area of the triangle formed by the line L and coordinate axes is 5. The equation of the
line L is [IIT 1980; RPET 1997]

(a) x+5 y =5 (b) x+5 y=±5 √2

(c) x−5 y=5 (d) x−5 y=5 √ 2
11. The equation of the line whose slope is 3 and which cuts off an intercept 3 from the positive x – axis is
(a) y=3 x−9 (b) y=3 x +3
(c) y=3 x+9 (d) None of these
' ' ' '
12. If the coordinates of the points A, B, C, D, be (a, b), (a , b ), (−a, b) and (a , −b ) respectively, then the equation of the line
bisecting the line segments AB and CD is
' ' '
(a) 2 a' y −2bx =ab−a' b' (b) 2 ay−2 b x=ab−a b
(c) 2 ay−2 b' x=a' b−a b' (d) None of these
13. The equation of the straight line passing through the point (3, 2) and perpendicular to the line y = x is
(a) x− y=5 (b) x+ y=5
(c) x+ y=1 (d) x− y=1
14. If the coordinates of A and B be (1, 1) and (5, 7), then the equation of the perpendicular bisector of the line segment AB is
(a) 2x +3 y=18 (b) 2x −3 y+18=0
(c) 2x+3 y−1=0 (d) 3 x−2 y+1=0
15. If the coordinates of the points A, B, C be (– 1, 5), (0, 0) and (2, 2) respectively and D be the middle point of BC, then the equation of the
perpendicular drawn from B to the line AD is
(a) x+2 y=0 (b) 2 x+ y=0
(c) x−2 y=0 (d) 2 x− y=0
' ' ' '
16. The equation of the line passing through the point ( x , y ) and perpendicular to the line y y =2a ( x+x ) is
' ' ' '
(a) x y +2 ay+2 a y −x y =0
(b) x y ' +2 ay−2 a y ' −x ' y ' =0
(c) x y ' +2 ay+2 a y ' +x ' y ' =0
' ' ' '
(d) x y +2 ay−2 a y +x y =0
17. If the middle points of the sides BC, CA and AB of the triangle ABC be (1, 3), (5, 7) and (– 5, 7), then the equation of the side AB is
(a) x− y−2=0 (b) x− y+12=0
(c) x+ y−12=0 (d) None of these
18. If the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle ABC be (– 1, 6), (– 3, – 9), and (5, – 8) respectively, then the equation of the median through C is
(a) 13 x−14 y−47=0 (b) 13 x−14 y+47=0
(c) 13 x+14 y+47=0 (d) 13 x+14 y−47=0
x y
− =1
19. The equation of the line perpendicular to the line a b and passing through the point at which it cuts x–axis, is
x y a x y b
+ + =0 + =
(a) a b b (b) b a a
x y x y a
+ =0 + =
(c) b a (d) b a b
20. The equation of the line passing through the point (1, 2) and perpendicular to the line x+ y+1=0 is
(a) y−x+1=0 (b) y−x−1=0
(c) y−x +2=0 (d) y−x−2=0
21. A line passes through the point (3, 4) and cuts off intercepts from the coordinates axes such that their sum is 14. The equation of the line is
(a) 4 x−3 y=24 (b) 4 x+3 y=24
(c) 3 x−4 y=24 (d) 3 x+4 y=24
' '
22. The equation of the line bisecting the line segment joining the points (a, b) and (a , b ) at right angle, is
' ' 2 2 ¿ ¿
(a) 2(a−a ) x+2(b−b ) y=a +b −a −b
' ' 2 2 ¿ ¿
(b) (a−a ) x+(b−b ) y=a +b −a −b
' ' ¿ 2 2 2
(c) 2(a−a ) x+2(b−b ) y=a +b ' −a −b
(d) None of these
−1
23. The equations of the lines which pass through the origin and are inclined at an angle tan m to the line y=mx +c , are
2
(a) x=0, 2mx+(m −1) y=0
(b) y=0 , 2mx+(m2−1) y=0
2
(c) y=0 , 2mx+(1−m ) y=0
(d) None of these
24. A line meets x–axis and y-axis at the points A and B respectively. If the middle point of AB be ( x1 , y 1 ), then the equation of the line is

(a)
y 1 x+x 1 y =2 x 1 y 1 (b)
x 1 x + y 1 y =2 x 1 y 1

(c)
y 1 x+x 1 y =x1 y 1 (d)
x 1 x + y 1 y =x1 y 1
25. The equation of the line parallel to the line 2x−3 y=1 and passing through the middle point of the line segment joining the points (1, 3) and
(1, – 7), is
(a) 2 x−3 y+8=0 (b) 2x−3 y=8
(c) 2 x−3 y+4=0 (d) 2x−3 y=4
26. The equation of the lines which passes through the point (3, – 2) and are inclined at 60
o
to the line √ 3x+ y=1
(a) y+2=0, √ 3x− y−2−3 √3=0
(b) x−2=0, √ 3 x− y+2+3 √3=0
(c) √ 3x− y−2−3 √ 3=0
(d) None of these
√3
27. The equations of the lines passing through the point (1, 0) and at a distance 2 from the origin, are

(a) √ 3x+ y− √3=0, √3 x− y−√3=0

(b) √ 3x+ y+√ 3=0, √ 3 x− y+√ 3=0
(c) x+ √3 y− √3=0, x−√3 y−√3=0
(d) None of these
28. The equation of a straight line passing through x+2y=2 and cutting an intercept equal in magnitude but opposite in sign from the axes is given
by [RPET 1984; MP PET 1993]

(a) x− y +5=0 (b) x+ y−5=0

(c) x− y−5=0 (d) x+ y+5=0
29. The equation of a line passing through the point of intersection of the lines x+5 y+7=0, 3x+2 y−5=0, and perpendicular to the line
7 x+2 y−5=0, is given by
(a) 2 x−7 y−20=0 (b) 2 x+7 y−20=0
(c) −2x+7 y−20=0 (d) 2 x+7 y+20=0
30. A line passes through the point of intersection of 2 x + y=5 and x+3 y +8=0 and parallel to the line 3 x+4 y=7 is
(a) 3 x+4 y +3=0 (b) 3 x+4 y=0
(c) 4 x −3 y+3=0 (d) 4 x−3 y=3
31. The equation of the line joining the origin to the point (– 4, 5), is [MP PET 1984]

(a) 5 x+4 y=0 (b) 3 x+4 y=2

(c) 5 x−4 y=0 (d) 4 x−5 y=0
32. The equation of the line which cuts off an intercept 3 units on OX and an intercept – 2 unit on OY, is
x y x y
− =1 + =1
(a) 3 2 (b) 3 2
x y x y
+ =1 − =1
(c) 2 3 (d) 2 3
33. The equation of a line through (3, −4) and perpendicular to the line 3 x+4 y=5 is [RPET 1981, 84, 86; MP PET 1984]
(a) 4 x+3 y=24 (b) y−4=( x +3)
4
y +4= (x−3)
(c) 3 y−4 x=24 (d) 3
34. Equation of the line passing through (1, 2) and parallel to the line y=3 x−1 is [MP PET 1984]
(a) y+2=x +1 (b) y +2=3( x +1 )
(c) y−2=3( x−1) (d) y−2=x−1
35. Equation of the line passing through (–1,1) and perpendicular to the line 4 / √ 15 is [MP PET 1984]
(a) 2( y−1)=3( x+1) (b) 3( y−1)=− 2( x+1)
(c) y−1=2(x +1 ) (d) 3( y−1)=x+1
36. The equation of a line through the intersection of lines x=0 and y=0 and through the point (2, 2), is
(a) y=x−1 (b) y=−x
(c) y=x (d) y=−x+2
37. Equation of a line through the origin and perpendicular to, the line joining (a, 0) and (– a, 0), is
(a) y=0 (b) x=0
(c) x=− a (d) y=− a
38. For specifying a straight line how many geometrical parameters should be known
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 4 (d) 3
39. The points A (1, 3) and C (5, 1) are the opposite vertices of rectangle. The equation of line passing through other two vertices and of gradient 2, is
[RPET 1991]
(a) 2 x+ y−8=0 (b) 2x− y−4=0
(c) 2 x − y+4=0 (d) 2 x + y+7=0
40. The intercept cut off from y–axis is twice that from x–axis by the line and line is passes through (1, 2) then its equation is
(a) 2x+ y=4 (b) 2 x+ y +4=0
(c) 2 x− y=4 (d) 2x − y+4=0
41. The equation of line, which bisect the line joining two points (2, – 19) and (6, 1) and perpendicular to the line joining two points (– 1, 3) and (5, –
1), is [RPET 1987]
(a) 3 x−2 y=30 (b) 2x− y−3=0
(c) 2x +3 y=20 (d) None of these
42. The equation of line whose mid point is ( x1 , y 1 ) in between the axes, is [RPET 1988]
x y x y 1
+ =2 + =
(a)
x1 y1 (b)
x1 y1 2
x y
+ =1
(c)
x1 y1 (d) None of these
43. The equation of line passing through (c, d) and parallel to ax +by+c=0 , is [RPET 1987]

(a) a( x+c)+b ( y+d)=0 (b) a( x+c)−b( y+d )=0

(c) a( x−c)+b( y−d)=0 (d) None of these
44. The equation of line passing through point of intersection of lines 3 x−2 y−1=0 and x−4 y+3=0 and the point (π , 0), is
[RPET 1987]
(a) x− y=π (b) x− y=π( y+1)
(c) x− y=π(1− y) (d) x+ y=π (1− y )
45. A line perpendicular to the line ax +by+c=0 and passes through (a, b). The equation of the line is
2 2 2 2
(a) bx−ay +(a −b )=0 (b) bx−ay −(a −b )=0
(c) bx−ay =0 (d) None of these
46. The equation of line passing through the point of intersection of the lines 4 x−3 y−1=0 and 5 x−2 y−3=0 and parallel to the line
2 y−3 x+2=0 , is [RPET 1985, 86, 88]

(a) x−3 y=1 (b) 3 x−2 y=1

(c) 2x−3 y=1 (d) 2x− y=1
o
47. The equation of the line passing through (4, – 6) and makes an angle 45 with positive x–axis, is [RPET 1984]

(a) x− y−10=0 (b) x−2 y−16=0

(c) x−3 y−22=0 (d) None of these
x y
+ =1 ,
48. The equation of the line passes through (a, b) and parallel to the line a b is [RPET 1986, 95]
x y x y
+ =3 + =2
(a) a b (b) a b
x y x y
+ =0 + +2=0
(c) a b (d) a b
49. Equation of the hour hand at 4 O’ clock is

(a) x−√ 3 y=0 (b) √ 3 x−y=0

(c) x+ √3 y=0 (d) √ 3 x+ y=0
o
50. Equation of a straight line on which length of perpendicular from the origin is four units and the line makes an angle of 120 with the x–axis,
is [MNR 1986]

(a) x √ 3+ y+8=0 (b) x √ 3− y=8

(c) x √ 3− y=8 (d) x−√ 3 y+8=0
51. The straight line passes through the point of inter -section of the straight lines x+2 y−10=0 and 2 x+ y+5=0, is

(a) 5 x−4 y=0 (b) 5 x+4 y=0

(c) 4 x−5 y=0 (d) 4 x+5 y=0
3 3
52. The equation to the straight line passing through the point (acos θ , asin θ ) and perpendicular to the line xsec θ+ y cosec θ=a, is
[AMU 1975]

(a) xcosθ− y sin θ=acos 2θ

(b) xcosθ+ ysin θ=acos 2θ
(c) xsin θ+ y cosθ=acos 2θ
(d) None of these
53. Equation of the perpendicular bisector of the line segment joining the points (7, 4) and (– 1, – 2), is (a) 4 x−3 y=15 (b)
3 x+4 y=15
(c) 4 x+3 y=15 (d) None of these
o
54. Equations of the two straight lines passing through the point (3, 2) and making an angle of 45 with the line x−2 y=3, are
[AMU 1978]
(a) 3 x+ y +7=0 and x+3 y +9=0
(b) 3 x− y−7=0 and x+3 y−9=0
(c) x+3 y−7=0 and x+3 y−9=0
(d) None of these
55. Equations of lines which passes through the points of intersection of the lines 4 x−3 y−1=0 and 2 x−5 y+3=0 and are equally
inclined to the axes are [AMU 1981]

(a) y±x=0 (b) y−1=± 1( x−1)

(c) x−1=± 2( y−1) (d) None of these
56. The equations of two lines through (0, a) which are at distance ‘a’ from the point (2a, 2a) are
[Dhanbad Engg. 1972]
(a) y−a=0 and 4 x−3 y−3a=0
(b) y−a=0 and 3 x−4 y+3 a=0
(c) y−a=0 and 4 x−3 y+3 a=0
(d) None of these
57. A line is such that its segment between the straight lines 5 x− y−4=0 and 3 x+4 y−4=0 is bisected at the point (1, 5), then its
equation is [Roorkee 1988]

(a) 83 x−35 y+92=0 (b) 35 x−83 y+92=0

(c) 35 x+35 y+92=0 (d) None of these
58. Equation of the line which passes through the point (−4, 3) and the portion of the line intercepted between the axes is divided internally in the
ratio 5 : 3 by this point, is
(a) 9 x+20 y+96=0 (b) 20 x+9 y+96=0
(c) 9 x−20 y+96=0 (d) None of these
59. The equation of a straight line passing through the points (−5 , −6) and (3, 10), is [MNR 1974]

(a) x−2 y=4 (b) 2x − y+4=0

 (c) 2x+ y=4 (d) None of these
60. The equations of the lines through the point of intersection of the lines x− y+1=0 and 2 x−3 y+5=0 and whose distance from the
7
,
point (3, 2) is 5 is [IIT 1963]

(a) 3 x−4 y−6=0 and 4 x+3 y+1=0

(b) 3 x−4 y+6=0 and 4 x−3 y−1=0
(c) 3 x−4 y+6=0 and 4 x−3 y+1=0
(d) None of these
61. The equation of the line which cuts off the intercepts 2 asecθ and 2a cosec θ on the axes is
(a) xsin θ+ y cosθ−2 a=0
(b) xcosθ+ ysin θ−2 a=0
(c) xsec θ+ y cosecθ−2a=0
(d) x cosec θ+ y secθ−2a=0
62. If the equation y=mx +c and xcos α+ y sin α= p represents the same straight line, then
2 2
(a) p=c √ 1+m (b) c= p √ 1+m
(c) cp=√ 1+m2 (d)
2 2
p +c +m =1
2

63. The equation to the straight line passing through the point of intersection of the lines 5 x−6 y−1=0 and 3 x+2 y+5=0 and
perpendicular to the line 3 x−5 y+11=0 is
[MP PET 1994]
(a) 5 x+3 y+8=0 (b) 3 x−5 y+8=0
(c) 5 x+3 y+11=0 (d) 3 x−5 y+11=0
64. Line passing through (1, 2) and (2, 5) is [RPET 1995]

(a) 3 x− y +1=0 (b) 3 x+ y+1=0

(c) y−3 x +1=0 (d) 3 x+ y−1=0
65. Equation of line passing through (1, 2) and perpendicular to 3 x+4 y+5=0 is [RPET 1995]

(a) 3 y=4 x−2 (b) 3 y=4 x+3

(c) 3 y=4 x+4 (d) 3 y=4 x+2
66. The number of lines that are parallel to 2x +6 y+7=0 and have an intercept of length 10 between the coordinate axes is
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 4 (d) Infinitely many
67. A line passes through (2, 2) and is perpendicular to the line 3 x+ y=3 . Its y–intercept is [IIT Screening 1992]
(a) 1/3 (b) 2/3
(c) 1 (d) 4 /3
o
68. A straight the makes an angle of 135 with the x–axis and cuts y–axis at a distance – 5 from the origin. The equation of the line is
[MP PET 1998]
(a) 2 x+ y +5=0 (b) x+2 y+3=0
(c) x+ y+5=0 (d) x+ y+3=0
69. A straight line through P(1, 2) is such that its intercept between the axes is bisected at P. Its equation is
[EAMCET 1994]
(a) x+2 y=5 (b) x− y+1=0
(c) x+ y−3=0 (d) 2x + y−4=0
x y x y
+ =1 + =1
70. The equation of the straight line joining the point (a, b) to the point of intersection of the lines a b and b a is
2 2 2 2
(a) a y−b x=ab (a−b) (b) a y+b y=ab (a+b)
(c)
2 2
a y+b x=ab (d) a2 x+b 2 y=ab (a−b)
71. The equations of the lines through the origin making an angle of 60
o
with the line x+ y √ 3+3 √ 3=0 are

(a) y=0, x−y √ 3=0 (b) x=0, x−y √ 3=0

(c) x=0, x+ y √3=0 (d) y=0, x+ y √3=0
72. The point P (a, b) lies on the straight line 3 x+2 y=13 and the point Q (b, a) lies on the straight line 4 x− y=5, then the equation
of line PQ is [MP PET 1999]

(a) x− y=5 (b) x+ y=5

(c) x+ y=− 5 (d) x− y=− 5
73. The equation of the line passing through (1, 1) and parallel to the line 2 x+3 y−7=0 is [RPET 1996]

(a) 2 x+3 y−5=0 (b) 3 x+2 y−5=0

(c) 3 x−2 y−7=0 (d) 2x +3 y+5=0
74. If the intercept made by the line between the axis is bisected at the point (5, 2), then its equation is [RPET 1996]

(a) 5 x+2 y=20 (b) 2x +5 y=20

(c) 5 x−2 y=20 (d) 2 x−5 y=20
75. The equation of straight line passing through the intersection of the lines x−2 y=1 and x+3 y=2 and parallel to 3 x+4 y=0 is
[MP PET 2000]

(a) 3 x+4 y+5=0 (b) 3 x+4 y−10=0

(c) 3 x+4 y−5=0 (d) 3 x+4 y +6=0
76. Equation of a line passing through the point of intersection of lines 2x −3 y+4=0, 3 x+4 y−5=0 and perpendicular to
6 x−7 y+3=0, then its equation is [RPET 2000]

(a) 119 x+102 y+125=0 (b) 119 x+102 y=125

(c) 119 x−102 y=125 (d) None of these
77. If we reduce 3 x+3 y+7=0 to the form xcos α+ y sin α= p , then the value of p is [MP PET 2001]
7 7
(a) 2 √3 (b) 3
3√7 7
(c) 2 (d) 3 √2
78. The equation of the straight line joining the origin to the point of intersection of y−x +7=0 and y +2x−2=0 is
[MP PET 2001]
(a) 3 x+4 y=0 (b) 3 x−4 y=0
(c) 4 x−3 y=0 (d) 4 x+3 y=0
79. The equation of line perpendicular to x=c is [RPET 2001]

(a) y=d (b) x=d

(c) x=0 (d) None of these
80. A line AB makes zero intercepts on x–axis and y–axis and it is perpendicular to another line CD, 3 x+4 y +6=0. The equation of line AB is
[Karnataka CET 2001]
(a) y=4 (b) 4 x−3 y+8=0
(c) 4 x−3 y=0 (d) 4 x−3 y+6=0
81. The equation of straight line passing through point of intersection of the straight lines 3 x− y +2=0 and 5 x−2 y+7=0 and having
infinite slope is [UPSEAT 2001]
(a) x=2 (b) x+ y=3
(c) x=3 (d) x=4
82. The equation of the straight line which is perpendicular to y=x and passes through (3, 2) is [MP PET 2002]

(a) x− y=5 (b) x+ y=5

(c) x+ y=1 (d) x− y=1
83. Equation to the straight line cutting off an intercept 2 from the negative direction of the axis of y and inclined at 30o to the positive direction of
axis of x, is [MP PET 2003]

(a) y+x−√ 3=0 (b) y−x +2=0

(c) y−√ 3 x−2=0 (d) √ 3 y−x+2 √ 3=0
4
√ 3 sinθ+ 2cos θ=
84. The line passing through (−1, π/2) and perpendicular to r is [EAMCET 2003]

(a) 2=√ 3 r cosθ−2 rsin θ

(b) 5=−2 √ 3 r sinθ+4 r cosθ
(c) 2=√ 3 r cosθ+2 r cosθ
(d) 5=2 √ 3 r sinθ+4 r cosθ
85. The equation of the line bisecting perpendicularly the segment joining the points (– 4, 6) and (8, 8) is
[Karnataka CET 2003]
(a) 6 x+ y−19=0 (b) y=7
(c) 6 x+2 y−19=0 (d) x+2 y−7=0
86. Equation of a line passing through (1, –2) and perpendicular to the line 3 x−5 y+7=0 is [RPET 2003]

(a) 5 x+3 y+1=0 (b) 3 x+5 y+1=0

(c) 5 x−3 y−1=0 (d) 3 x−5 y+1=0
x y
+ =1
87. If the line a b passes through the points (2, – 3) and (4, – 5), then (a, b) =
(a) (1, 1) (b) (– 1, 1)
(c) (1, – 1) (d) (– 1, – 1)
88. If the slope of a line passing through the point A (3, 2) be 3/4, then the points on the line which are 5 units away from A, are
[IIT 1965]
(a) (5, 5), (– 1, – 1) (b) (7, 5), (– 1, – 1)
(c) (5, 7), (– 1, – 1) (d) (7, 5), (1, 1)
89. For the lines 2 x+5 y=7 and 2x−5 y=9, which of the following statement is true
(a) Lines are parallel (b) Lines are coincident
(c) Lines are intersecting (d) Lines are perpendicular
90. The opposite angular points of a square are (3, 4) and (1, − 1) . Then the co-ordinates of other two points are
[Roorkee 1985]

(a)
D ( 12 , 92 ) , B (− 12 , 52 ) (b)
D ( 12 , 92 ) , B ( 12 , 52 )
9 1 1 5
D ( , ) , B (− , )
(c) 2 2 2 2 (d) None of these
91. Two consecutive sides of a parallelogram are 4 x+5 y=0 and 7 x+2 y=0. If the equation to one diagonal is 11 x+7 y=9 , then the
equation of the other diagonal is
[IIT 1970]
(a) x+2 y=0 (b) 2 x + y=0
(c) x− y=0 (d) None of these
92. One diagonal of a square is along the line 8 x−15 y=0 and one of its vertex is (1, 2). Then the equation of the sides of the square passing
through this vertex, are [IIT 1962]

(a) 23 x+7 y=9, 7 x+23 y=53

(b) 23 x−7 y+9=0, 7 x+23 y +53=0
(c) 23 x−7 y−9=0, 7 x+23 y−53=0
(d) None of these
93. The opposite vertices of a square are (1, 2) and (3, 8), then the equation of a diagonal of the square passing through the point (1, 2), is
[Roorkee 1981]
(a) 3 x− y−1=0 (b) 3 y−x−1=0
(c) 3 x+ y+1=0 (d) None of these
94. The ends of the base of an isosceles triangle are at (2a, 0) and (0, a). The equation of one side is (lx+my)(a+b)=(l+ m)ab The equation of the other side
is
(a) x+2 y−a=0 (b) x+2 y=2 a
(c) 3 x+4 y−4 a=0 (d) 3 x−4 y+4 a=0
50
o
95. The equation of the lines on which the perpendiculars from the origin make 30 angle with x–axis and which form a triangle of area √ 3
with axes, are

(a) x+ √3 y±10=0 (b) √ 3x+ y±10=0

(c) x±√ 3 y−10=0 (d) None of these
96. The base BC of a triangle ABC is bisected at the point (p, q) and the equations to the sides AB and AC are respectively x+ y+3=0 and
qx + py=1. Then the equation to the median through A is
(a) 2 x − y =9
2 2
(b) ( p +q −1)( px+qy−1)=(2 p−1)(qx+ py−1 )
2 2
(c) ( pq−1 )( px +qy−1 )=( p +q −1 )(qx+ py −1)
(d) None of these
97. The equation of the line which makes right angled triangle with axes whose area is 6 sq. units and whose hypotenuse is of 5 units, is
x y x y
+ =± 1 − =± 3
(a) 4 3 (b) 4 3
x y x y
+ =± 1 − =± 1
(c) 6 1 (d) 1 6
98. A(–1, 1), B(5, 3) are opposite vertices of a square in xy-plane. The equation of the other diagonal (not passing through (A, B) of the square is given
by [EAMCET 1993]
(a) x−3 y+4=0 (b) 2x − y+3=0
(c) y+3 x−8=0 (d) x+2 y−1=0
99. In an isosceles triangle ABC, the coordinates of the points B and C on the base BC are respectively (1, 2) and (2, 1). If the equation of the line AB
is y=2 x , then the equation of the line AC is [Roorkee 2000]
1 x
y= ( x−1 ) y=
(a) 2 (b) 2
(c) y=x−1 (d) 2 y=x+3
100. Equations of diagonals of square formed by lines x=0, y=0, x=1 and y=1 are [MP PET 1984]

(a) y=x , y+ x=1 (b) y=x , x+ y=2

1
2 y=x , y + x=
(c) 3 (d) y=2 x, y+2 x=1
101. The diagonal passing through origin of a quadrilateral formed by x=0 , y=0, x+ y=1 and 6 x+ y=3, is
[IIT 1973]
(a) 3 x−2 y=0 (b) 2x−3 y=0
(c) 3 x+2 y=0 (d) None of these
1
102. The vertices of a triangle OBC are (0, 0), (−3, −1) and (−1, −3) respectively. Then the equation of line parallel to BC which is at 2
unit distant from origin and cuts OB and OC, is [IIT 1976]

(a) 2x+2 y+√ 2=0 (b) 2x+2 y−√ 2=0

(c) 2x−2 y+ √ 2=0 (d) None of these
103. A vertex of square is (3, 4) and diagonal x+2 y=1, then the second diagonal which passes through given vertex will be
(a) 2x − y+2=0 (b) x+2 y=11
(c) 2x − y=2 (d) None of these
104. A vertex of equilateral triangle is (2, 3) and equation of opposite side is x+ y=2 , then the equation of one side from rest two, is
[IIT 1975]
 (a) y−3=2( x−2) (b) y−3=(2−√3)( x−2)
(c) y−3=( 3−1)( x−2) (d) None of these
√
105. A straight line moves so that the sum of the reciprocals of its intercepts on two perpendicular lines is constant, then the line passes through
[IIT 1977]
(a) A fixed point (b) A variable point
(c) Origin (d) None of these
x y 1
+ + =0
106. If a, b, c are in harmonic progression, then straight line a b c always passes through a fixed point, that point is [MP PET
1999; AIEEE 2005]

(a) (−1, −2) (b) (−1, 2)

(c) (1, −2) (d) (1, −1/2)
107. If the straight line ax +by +c=0 always passes through (1, – 2), then a, b, c are [AMU 2000]
(a) In A.P. (b) In H.P.
(c) In G.P. (d) None of these
a1 b1 c1
= = ,
108. If
u=a1 x+b1 y +c 1 =0 , v =a2 x +b2 y + c2 =0 and a2 b2 c2 then the curve u+kv =0 is [MNR 1987]
(a) The same straight line u (b) Different straight line
(c) It is not a straight line (d) None of these
109. For what values of a and b the intercepts cut off on the coordinate axes by the line ax +by +8=0 are equal in length but opposite in signs to
those cut off by the line 2 x−3 y+6=0 on the axes [MP PET 1983]
8 8
a= , b=− 4 a=− , b=− 4
(a) 3 (b) 3
8 8
a= , b=4 a=− , b=4
(c) 3 (d) 3
110. If a and b are two arbitrary constants, then the straight line (a−2b ) x+(a+3 b ) y+3 a+4 b=0 will pass through
[RPET 1990]

(a) (−1, −2) (b) (1, 2)

(c) (−2, −3) (d) (2, 3)
111. If a+b +c=0 and p≠0, the lines ax +(b+c ) y= p , bx +(c+a ) y= p and cx+( a+b ) y =p
(a) Do not intersect (b) Intersect
(c) Are concurrent (d) None of these
3 3
112. The symmetry in curve x + y =3 axy along
(a) x–axis (b) y–axis
(c) Line y = x (d) Opposite quadrants
x y x y
+ =1 + =1
113. The point of intersection of the lines a b and b a lies on the line
(a) x− y=0 (b) ( x+ y)(a+b )=2 ab
(c) (lx+my )(a+b)=(l+m) ab (d) All of these
3 3 3 3 3 3
114. The equations (b−c) x+(c−a) y+(a−b)=0 and (b −c )x +(c −a ) y +a −b =0 will represent the same line, if
(a) b = c (b) c = a
(c) a = b (d) a + b + c = 0
(e) All the above
o
115. A straight line makes an angle of 135 with x–axis and cuts y-axis at a distance of – 5 from the origin. The equation of the line is
[Pb. CET 2001]
(a) 2 x + y +5=0 (b) x+2 y+3=0
(c) x+ y+5=0 (d) x+ y+3=0
116. Equation of the straight line making equal intercepts on the axes and passing through the point (2, 4) is
[Karnataka CET 2004]
(a) 4 x− y−4=0 (b) 2x + y −8=0
(c) x+ y−6=0 (d) x+2 y−10=0
117. The equation of the straight line passing through the point (4, 3) and making intercepts on the co-ordinate axes whose sum is – 1 is
[AIEEE 2004]
x y x y
− =1 + =1
(a) 2 3 and −2 1
x y x y
− =−1 + =−1
(b) 2 3 and −2 1
x y x y
− =1 + =1
(c) 2 3 and 2 1
π x y
+ =−1
(d) 3 and −2 1

118. The line which is parallel to x–axis and crosses the curve y=√ x at an angle of 45
o
is equal to [Pb. CET 2002]
1 1
x= y=
(a) 4 (b) 4
1
y=
(c) 2 (d) y=1
119. The equation of the line perpendicular to line ax+by +c=0 and passing through (a, b) is equal to
[Pb. CET 2002]
(a) bx−ay=0 (b) bx+ay−2ab=0
(c) bx +ay=0 (d) None of these
120. The points (1, 3) and (5, 1) are the opposite vertices of a rectangle. The other two vertices lie on the line y=2 x+c , then the value of c will
be [Pb. CET 2003; IIT 1981]
(a) 4 (b) – 4
(c) 2 (d) – 2
2 2
121. The triangle PQR is inscribed in the circle x + y =25 . If Q and R have co-ordinates (3,4) and (– 4, 3) respectively, then ∠QPR is equal
to [IIT Screening 2000]
π π
(a) 2 (b) 3
π π
(c) 4 (d) 6
2 2
122. The point (t +2t +5 , 2t +t−2) lies on the line x+ y=2 for
(a) All real values of t (b) Some real values of t
−3±√ 3
t=
(c) 6 (d) None of these
123. The line joining the points (–1, 3) and (4, –2) will pass through the point (p, q) if
(a) p−q=1 (b) p+q=1
(c) p−q=2 (d) p+q=2
124. The line parallel to the x-axis and passing through the intersection of the lines ax +2 by+3 b=0 and bx−2ay−3 a=0 , where
(a, b)≠( 0, 0) is [AIEEE 2005]
(a) Above the x-axis at a distance of 3/2 from it
(b) Above the x-axis at a distance of 2/3 from it
(c) Below the x-axis at a distance of 3/2 from it
(d) Below the x-axis at a distance of 2/3 from it
125. Two points (a, 0) and (0, b) are joined by a straight line, Another point on this line is [Orissa JEE 2005]
2
(a) (3a,−2b) (b) (a ,ab)
(c) (−3 a, 2b) (d) (a, b)
126. The equation to the line bisecting the join of (3, –4) and (5, 2) and having its intercepts on the x-axis and the y-axis in the ratio 2 : 1 is
[Karnataka CET 2005]
(a) x+ y−3=0 (b) 2 x− y=9
(c) x+2 y=2 (d) 2 x+ y=7
127. If the co-ordinates of the points A and B be (1, 0) and (2, √ 3) , then the angle made by the line AB with x-axis is
(a) 30° (b) 45°
(c) 60° (d) 75°
128. The line lx+my+n=0 will be parallel to x-axis, if
(a) l=m=0 (b) m=n=0
(c) l=n=0 (d) l=0
129. A line passing through origin and is perpendicular to two given lines 2 x + y +6=0 and 4 x+2 y−9=0 , then the ratio in which the
origin divides this line is [DCE 2005]
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1
(c) 4 : 3 (d) 3 : 4

Angle between two straight lines, Bisector of angle between two lines

1. The acute angle between the lines y=3 and y=√ 3 x+9 is
[RPET 1984, 87, 88]
o o
(a) 30 (b) 60
o o
(c) 45 (d) 90
2. The angle between the lines y=(2−√ 3) x+5 and y=(2+ √3)x−7 is [MP PET 1997]
o o
(a) 30 (b) 60
o o
(c) 45 (d) 90
3. The angle between the lines whose intercepts on the axes are a, – b and b, – a respectively, is
a 2−b2 b 2−a2
tan −1 tan −1
(a) ab (b) 2
b −a2
2
tan −1
(c) 2 ab (d) None of these
4. If the coordinates of the vertices A, B, C of the triangle ABC be (− 4 , 2), (12, −2) and (8, 6) respectively, then ∠B =
6 6
(a)
tan −1
( )
−
7 (b)
tan −1
() 7

(c)
tan−1 (− 76 ) (d)
tan −1 ( 76 )
x y x y
+ =1 − =1
5. Angle between the lines a b and a b is
[MP PET 1995]
−1 b −1 2 ab
2 tan tan
(a) a (b) a 2 +b 2
a 2−b2
tan −1
(c) a2 +b 2 (d) None of these
6. If the lines y=3 x+1 and 2 y=x+3 are equally inclined to the line y=mx +4 , then m = [ISM Dhanbad 1976]
1+3 √ 2 1−3 √2
(a) 7 (b) 7
1±3 √ 2 1±5 √2
(c) 7 (d) 7
7. The angle between the lines
x cos α 1 + y sin α 1= p 1 and
x cos α 2 + y sin α 2 =p 2 is

(a) (α1 +α 2 ) (b) (α 1 ~ α 2 )

(c)
2 α1 (d)
2 α2
o o o
8. The angle between the lines x cos30 + y sin 30 °=3 and x cos 60 + y sin 60 =5 is
o o
(a) 90 (b) 30
o
(c) 60 (d) None of these
9. The angle between the two lines y−2 x=9 and x+2 y=− 7, is [RPET 1981, 85, 86; MP PET 1984]
o o
(a) 60 (b) 30
o o
(c) 90 (d) 45
1 1 x y x y
'
+ ' =0 , + =1 '
+ ' =1
10. If a b b a then lines a b and b a are
[MP PET 1984]
(a) Parallel
o
(b) Inclined at 60 to each other
(c) Perpendicular to each other
o
(d) Inclined at 30 to each other
11. To which of the following types the straight lines represented by 2 x+3 y−7=0 and 2 x+3 y−5=0 belong
[MP PET 1982]
(a) Parallel to each other
(b) Perpendicular to each other
o
(c) Inclined at 45 to each other
(d) Coincident pair of straight lines
12. The obtuse angle between the lines y=− 2 and y=x+2 is [RPET 1984]
o o
(a) 120 (b) 135
o o
(c) 150 (d) 160

13. The line passes through (1, 0) and (− 2, √3) makes an angle of ...... with x–axis [RPET 1985]
o o
(a) 60 (b) 120
o o
(c) 150 (d) 135
14. Angle between x=2 and x−3 y=6 is [MNR 1988]
−1
(a) ∞ (b) tan (3)
1
(c)
tan−1 ()
3 (d) None of these

15. If the lines y=(2+ √3 )x+4 and y=kx+6 are inclined at an angle 60
o
to each other, then the value of k will be
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) – 1 (d) – 2

16. A straight line ( √3−1) x=( √3+1) y makes an angle 75o with another straight line which passes through origin. Then the equation of the
line is
(a) x=0 (b) y=0
(c) x+ y=0 (d) x− y=0
17. The angle between the lines
a1 x +b1 y + c1 =0 and
a2 x +b 2 y+c 2=0 , is [MP PET 1994]
−1
a1 b2 + a2 b 1 −1
a1 a2 +b 1 b2
tan cot
(a) a 1 a2 −b1 b 2 (b) a1 b 2−a2 b1
a1 b 1−a2 b2 a 1 b1 −a2 b 2
cot −1 tan −1
(c) a1 a2 +b 1 b2 (d) a1 a2 + b1 b 2
18. The inclination of the straight line passing through the point (–3, 6) and the midpoint of the line joining the point (4, –5) and (–2, 9) is
[Kerala (Engg.) 2002]
(a) π /4 (b) π /6
(c) π /3 (d) 3 π /4
19. The angle between the lines 2 x − y+3=0 and x+2 y +3=0 is [Kerala (Engg.) 2002]
o o
(a) 90 (b) 60
o o
(c) 45 (d) 30
20. The angle between the straight lines x−y √3=5 and √ 3x+ y=7 is [MP PET 2003]
o o
(a) 90 (b) 60
 (c) 75o (d) 30
o

21. Angle between the lines 2 x− y−15=0 and 3 x+ y +4=0 is [RPET 2003]
o o
(a) 90 (b) 45
o o
(c) 180 (d) 60
22. The angle between the lines xy=0 is equal to
[Pb. CET 2003]
o o
(a) 45 (b) 60
o o
(c) 90 (d) 180
23. The line passing through the points (3, – 4) and (–2, 6) and a line passing through (–3,6) and (9, –18) are [AMU 1974]
(a) Perpendicular
(b) Parallel
o
(c) Makes an angle 60 with each other
(d) None of these
24. If the line 2 x+3 ay−1=0 and 3 x+4 y +1=0 are mutually perpendicular, then the value of a will be [MNR 1975]
1
(a) 2 (b) 2
1
−
(c) 2 (d) None of these
25. A straight line through origin bisect the line passing through the given points (acosα ,asin α) and (a cos β , a sin β ) , then the lines are
(a) Perpendicular (b) Parallel
π
(c) Angle between them is 4 (d) None of these
26. The lines
a1 x +b1 y +c1 =0 and a2 x +b 2 y+ c 2=0 are perpendicular to each other, if [MP PET 1996]

(a)
a1 b 2−b1 a2 =0 (b)
a1 a2 +b 1 b2 =0

(c) a21 b 2 +b 21 a2 =0 (d)

a1 b 1 +a 2 b2 =0

27. The lines y=2 x and x=−2 y are [MP PET 1993]
(a) Parallel (b) Perpendicular
(c) Equally inclined to axes (d) Coincident
28. If the line passing through (4, 3) and (2, k) is perpendicular to y=2 x+3 , then k =
(a) –1 (b) 1
(c) – 4 (d) 4
29. The number of straight lines which is equally inclined to both the axes is [RPET 2002]
(a) 4 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 1
30. The equation of the bisector of the acute angle between the lines 3 x−4 y+7=0 and 12 x+5 y−2=0 is
[IIT 1975, 1983; RPET 2003; UPSEAT 2004]
(a) 21 x+77 y−101=0 (b) 11 x−3 y +9=0
(c) 31 x +77 y+101=0 (d) 11 x−3 y−9=0
31. The equation of the line which bisects the obtuse angle between the lines x−2 y+4=0 and 4 x −3 y+2=0 , is
[IIT 1979]

(a) (4−√ 5) x−(3−2 √5) y+(2−4 √ 5)=0

(b) (4+ √5) x−(3+2 √ 5) y+(2+4 √ 5)=0
(c) (4+ √5) x+(3+2 √5) y+(2+4 √5)=0
(d) None of these
32. Equation of angle bisectors between x and y -axes are
[MP PET 1984]
(a) y=±x (b) y=±2 x
1
y=± x
(c) √2 (d) y=±3 x
33. The equation of the bisector of that angle between the lines x+2 y −11=0 , 3 x−6 y−5=0 which contains the point (1, –3) is
 (a) 3 x=19 (b) 3 y=7
(c) 3 x=19 and 3 y=7 (d) None of these
34. Equation of angle bisector between the lines 3 x+4 y−7=0 and 12 x +5 y+17=0 are [RPET 1995]
3 x +4 y−7 12 x +5 y+17
=±
(a) √25 √169
3 x +4 y+7 12 x +5 y +17
=
(b) √ 25 √ 169
3 x +4 y+ 7 12 x+5 y +17
=±
(c) √ 25 √ 169
(d) None of these
35. The bisector of the acute angle formed between the lines 4 x−3 y+7=0 and 3 x−4 y+14=0 has the equation
[Pb. CET 2004]
(a) x+ y+3=0 (b) x− y−3=0
(c) x− y +3=0 (d) 3 x+ y −7=0
36. If vertices of a parallelogram are respectively (0, 0), (1, 0), (2, 2) and (1, 2), then angle between diagonals is
[RPET 1996]
(a) π /3 (b) π /2
(c) 3 π /2 (d) π /4

37. Let P(−1, 0), Q(0, 0) and R (3, 3 √ 3) be three points. Then the equation of the bisector of the angle PQR is
[IIT Screening 2002]
√3 x+ y =0
(a) 2 (b) x+ √3 y=0
√3
x+ y =0
(c) √ 3x+ y=0 (d) 2

Distance between two lines, Perpendicular distance of the line from a point, Position of point w.r.t. line

x y
+ =1
1. The points on the x-axis whose perpendicular distance from the line a b is a, are [RPET 2001; MP PET 2003]
a b
(a)
[ b
(b±√ a2 +b2 ), 0
] (b)
[ a
(b±√ a2 +b2 ), 0
]
a
(c)
[ b
(a±√ a2 +b2 ), 0
] (d) None of these
x y
− =1
2. The length of the perpendicular from the point (b,a) to the line a b , is
2 2 2 2
a −ab+b b −ab−a
| | | |
(a) √ a2+b2 (b) √ a2+b2
2 2
a +ab−b
| |
(c) √ a2+b2 (d) None of these
3. The distance between the lines 3 x+4 y=9 and 6 x+8 y=15 is
[MNR 1982; RPET 1995; MP PET 2002]
(a) 3/2 (b) 3/10
(c) 6 (d) None of these
4. The distance of the point of intersection of the lines 2x −3 y+5=0 and 3 x+4 y=0 from the line 5 x−2 y=0 is
130 13
(a) 17 √ 29 (b) 7 √29
 130
(c) 17 (d) None of these
5. The point on the line x+ y=4 which lie at a unit distance from the line 4 x+3 y=10 , are [IIT 1976]

(a) (3, 1),(−7 , 11) (b) (3, 1),(7, 11)

(c) (−3 , 1),(−7, 11) (d) (1, 3),(−7 , 11)
6. If the length of the perpendicular drawn from the origin to the line whose intercepts on the axes are a and b be p, then
[Karnataka CET 2003]
1
2 2 2 a2 + b2 = 2
(a) a +b = p (b) p
1 1 2 1 1 1
+ = + =
(c) a2 b2 p2 (d) a2 b2 p2
7. The length of perpendicular drawn from origin on the line joining ( x' , y ' ) and ( x' ' , y ' ' ) , is
x' y+x y' x' y - xy'
(a) √(x - x' \) rSup { size 8{2} } + \( y−y')2 (b) √(x - x' \) rSup { size 8{2} } + \( y−y')2
x'x+y'y x'x+y'y
(c) √(x+x' \) rSup { size 8{2} } + \( y+y')2 (d) √(x - x' \) rSup { size 8{2} } + \( y−y')2
2
8. If p and p' be the distances of origin from the lines xsec α+ y cosec α=k and xcos α− ysin α=k cos2 α , then 4 p +p
¿
=
(a) k (b) 2k
2 2
(c) k (d) 2k
9. The perpendicular distance of the straight line 12 x+5 y=7 from the origin is given by
7 12
(a) 13 (b) 13
5 1
(c) 13 (d) 13
10. The length of perpendicular from (3, 1) on line 4 x +3 y +20=0 , is [RPET 1989; MP PET 1984]
(a) 6 (b) 7
(c) 5 (d) 8
11. The distance between two parallel lines 3 x+4 y−8=0 and 3 x+4 y−3=0 , is given by (a) 4 (b)
5
(c) 3 (d) 1
12. The distance between 4 x+3 y=11 and 8 x+6 y=15 , is
[AMU 1979; MNR 1987; UPSEAT 2000]
7
(a) 2 (b) 4
7
(c) 10 (d) None of these
13. The vertex of an equilateral triangle is (2,–1) and the equation of its base in x+2 y=1 . The length of its sides is
[UPSEAT 2003]

(a) 4/ √15 (b) 2/ √15

(c) 4/3 √ 3 (d) 1/ √5
x y
cos θ+ sin θ=1
14. The product of the perpendiculars drawn from the points (± √a 2−b2 ,0) on the line a b , is
2 2
(a) a (b) b
2 2 2 2
(c) a +b (d) a −b