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Research Methodology on Customer Perception

This chapter discusses the research methodology used in the study. A quantitative descriptive research method was used to determine the factors that impact customer perception of customer loyalty and corporate social responsibility. The study was conducted at SM City San Mateo using a survey questionnaire distributed to 50 customers through Google Forms. Statistical tools like frequency, percentage, weighted mean, and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data collected.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
1K views4 pages

Research Methodology on Customer Perception

This chapter discusses the research methodology used in the study. A quantitative descriptive research method was used to determine the factors that impact customer perception of customer loyalty and corporate social responsibility. The study was conducted at SM City San Mateo using a survey questionnaire distributed to 50 customers through Google Forms. Statistical tools like frequency, percentage, weighted mean, and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data collected.

Uploaded by

kyla deguzman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Research Methodology

CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the researchers will discuss the research design, area of study, population,
sample of the population, sampling technique, and instrument for data collection, validation of the
questionnaire, administration of the instrument, and method of data analysis.

Research Design

This study used a quantitative-descriptive research method to determine the factors that gives
impact of customer perception on customer loyalty and corporate social responsibility. Research design
is a general plan to answer a research question. As a systematic approach to conducting a scientific
inquiry, it brings together several components, strategies, and methods to collect data and analyze it.
(Saunders, et al. 2012)

According to Bhandari (2020), quantitative research is the process of collecting and analyzing
numerical data. It can be used to find patterns and averages, make predictions, test causal relationships
and generalize results to the wider population. The descriptive research design will be used in this study.
According to Nassaji (2015), descriptive research is the research design in which data is collected
qualitatively and analyzed using quantitative procedures. Descriptive research refers to the scientific
methodology in which observation of the sampled population is carried out in its natural surroundings.

Descriptive research methodology intends to find out ‘what’ is related to a phenomenon. In this
method, data are collected qualitatively and analyzed through a quantitative method.

Locale of the Study

The study was conducted at SM City San Mateo, located at Gen. Luna St. Brgy. Ampid 1 San
Mateo, Rizal. This institution was chosen because it was easier for the researchers to get the data on
whom more customers have a perception on customer loyalty and corporate social responsibility on the
establishment.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of this study were the customers of SM San Mateo. The researchers invited the
customers of SM San Mateo to answer the survey questionnaire on their perception of customer loyalty
and corporate social responsibility. The survey questionnaire will be conducted through social media
using Google forms.

The respondents of the study were fifty (50) customers from SM San Mateo. The researchers
will find out the factors that gives an impact of customer perception. The researchers utilized a non-
probability sampling specifically a purposive sampling technique. In this study, respondents are chosen
based on the criteria set by the researchers (Polit & Beck, 2012). This technique was used to lessen any
biases and by following the criteria set by the researchers, purposive sampling was appropriately used.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers sent a letter of invitation to the target respondents to allow the researchers to
conduct a survey to gather pertinent data for this study. The target participants were customers from
SM San Mateo. Upon securing the approval to conduct a survey from the respondent, the researchers
prepared the necessary researcher-made survey questionnaire. The use of Google Drive to distribute the
SQ to some of the respondents and to some extent the forms were personally handed over to the
respondents. The instructions and materials were readied and scheduled for the distribution of the
survey questionnaire forms. Before the actual survey, the researchers instructed the respondents to
answer each item as honestly as possible and upon completion, an immediate submission must be done.
Retrieval of the submitted SQ forms will then be kept securing the integrity and utmost confidentiality of
the responses.

Data Gathering Instrument

The researchers prepared the researchers-made survey questionnaire composed of eighteen


(18) items questions to be answered using a 5-point Likert scale: 5 as Strongly Agree (SA), 4 as Agree
(A), 3 as Undecided (U), 2 as Disagree (D), 1 as Strongly Disagree (SD).

The survey questionnaire has only one part and six criteria to be assessed. These are the
questions regarding the factors that gives impact of customer perception on customer loyalty in terms
of perceived value, perceived quality, and customer retention; and the level of customer perception on
the corporate social responsibility in terms of economic responsibility, ethical responsibility, and
commitment. The respondents will decide what each item means to them, each response will be very
pertinent without any biased opinion to gather needed data for this study.

Scale, Range, and Verbal Interpretation

Scale Range Verbal Interpretation

5 4.21 – 5.0 Strongly Agree

4 3.41 – 4.20 Agree

3 2.61 – 3.40 Undecided

2 1.81 - 2.60 Disagree

1 1.00 - 1.80 Strongly Disagree


Statistical Tool

The following statistical procedures were used by the researchers to interpret the statistical problems
individually:

Frequency - refers to the number of occurrences

Percentage – the number derived to determine the statistical rate, relations, and proportions.

The basic formula was used:

P = f/N (100)

Where:

P = represents the percentage rate

f = refers to the number of occurrences

N = refers to the total number of respondents

100 = constant value to obtain percentage rate

Weighted Mean was used in the statistical treatment of data which was applied to all statements in the
questionnaire to derive ratios and proportions:

WM = ∑ (fx/N)

Where:

∑ = summation

f = number of responses in a given indicator

x = assigned weight, points, or number

N = total number of respondents

Pearson Coefficient of Correlation (Pearson r). This tool was used to be able to answer the questions on
the significant relationship between the impact of customer perception on customer loyalty and
corporate social responsibility.

Where:

N = total number of respondents

∑xy = sum of the products’ paired scores

∑x = sum of x scores
∑y = sum of y scores

∑x2 = sum of squared x scores

∑y2 = sum of squared y scores

Common questions

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Collecting both qualitative and quantitative data is essential to offer a comprehensive understanding of customer perceptions. Qualitative data provides context and deeper insights into customer motivations and attitudes, while quantitative data offers measurable evidence and the ability to generalize findings, thus creating a well-rounded view of customer perceptions regarding corporate social responsibility .

The Pearson Coefficient of Correlation helps in quantifying the degree and direction of the relationship between customer perception and loyalty. By calculating the correlation coefficient, the study determines whether changes in customer perception are significantly associated with changes in customer loyalty .

Maintaining confidentiality ensures the integrity of the study and protects respondent privacy, which can increase participant honesty and response accuracy due to the assurance that their information will not be misused or disclosed improperly .

Descriptive research design facilitates understanding by allowing researchers to observe and quantify variables associated with customer perceptions in a real-world setting like SM City San Mateo. It provides structured data collection and analysis, which aids in identifying patterns and making inferences about customer behavior and expectations .

A 5-point Likert scale allows for a nuanced measurement of customer perceptions, providing a range of responses from strongly disagree to strongly agree. This helps in capturing the intensity of customer sentiments and facilitates a more detailed statistical analysis of the data .

Using Google Forms in distributing surveys enhances data collection efficiency by allowing for quick and broad distribution to the target respondents with minimal cost and effort. It enables easy collection and organization of responses, thereby speeding up data analysis and potentially increasing response rates due to convenience for respondents .

Purposive sampling enhances research integrity by selecting respondents based on criteria relevant to the research objectives, which reduces biases. By choosing participants who are directly related to the research topic, such as customers of SM City San Mateo, the findings are more likely to be specific and relevant .

The quantitative-descriptive research method allows for the identification of patterns and relationships through the analysis of numerical data, which can lead to findings that are generalizable to a larger population . However, its limitations include a lack of depth in understanding the underlying reasons for customer perceptions and behaviors, as it does not involve qualitative data that could provide more context and insight .

Choosing SM City San Mateo as the research locale is crucial because it provides direct access to the target population, namely the customers of this specific commercial establishment. This accessibility improves the accuracy of data collection concerning customer perceptions of loyalty and corporate social responsibility, making the findings more applicable to the study's primary focus .

Selecting a non-probability purposive sampling technique minimizes bias by involving participants who meet specific criteria set by the researchers, ensuring that the sample is relevant to the research questions and thus reducing the potential for irrelevant or skewed data .

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