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Water Hardness Determination Method

This document provides instructions for determining the total, permanent, and temporary hardness of water samples using a titration method with EDTA. Hardness is due to calcium and magnesium salts and is classified as either temporary, caused by bicarbonates that can be removed by boiling, or permanent, from chlorides and sulfates. The procedure involves titrating water samples with a standardized EDTA solution using an indicator, with the endpoint recorded before and after boiling to distinguish temporary and permanent hardness. The titration volumes are then used to calculate the hardness levels in mg/L of calcium carbonate equivalent.

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Aman Yadav
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310 views2 pages

Water Hardness Determination Method

This document provides instructions for determining the total, permanent, and temporary hardness of water samples using a titration method with EDTA. Hardness is due to calcium and magnesium salts and is classified as either temporary, caused by bicarbonates that can be removed by boiling, or permanent, from chlorides and sulfates. The procedure involves titrating water samples with a standardized EDTA solution using an indicator, with the endpoint recorded before and after boiling to distinguish temporary and permanent hardness. The titration volumes are then used to calculate the hardness levels in mg/L of calcium carbonate equivalent.

Uploaded by

Aman Yadav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Aim: Determine the total hardness of given water samples.

Introduction:

Hardness in water is due to the presence of dissolved salts of calcium and Magnesium. It is unfit for drinking, bathing, washing and it also forms
scales in Boilers. Hence it is necessary to estimate the amount of hardness producing Substances present in the water sample. Once it is
estimated, the amount of chemicals Required for the treatment of water can be calculated. The estimation of hardness is Based on
complexometric titration. Hardness of water is determined by titrating with A standard solution of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA)
which is a Complexing agent. Since EDTA is insoluble in water, the disodium salt of EDTA is Taken for this experiment. EDTA can form four or six
coordination bonds with a Metal ion. Two type of hardness is present in water first is temporary hardness and Second is permanent hardness.
Temporary hardness is due to the presence of Bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium ions. It can be easily removed by boiling. Permanent
hardness is due to the presence of chlorides and sulphates of calcium and Magnesium ions. This type of hardness cannot be removed by
boiling.

Requirements:

Water sample

Burette 25-30ml

Glass funnel

Pipette 1ml

Flask

Dropper

Measuring cylinder

Reagents: EDTA, Eriochrome Black-T, NH2CL, Ammonia Buffer, Magnesium

Carbonate, 90% ethyl alcohol, Distilled water.

Reagent preparation:

1. EDTA solution: 4gm EDTA and 0.1gm magnesium bicarbonate dissolve in 800 ml distilled water.

2. Eriochrome Black-T: 0.4gm Ericrome Black T, 4.5 gm hydroxylmine Hydrochloride add in 100ml 95% ethyl alcohol.

[Link] Buffer: Stock A: 16.9gm of NH4CL in 143ml of conc. NH4OH,

Stock B: 1.25gm magnesium salt of EDTA dissolve in 50 ml distilled water.

Mix both stock solutions and dilute to 250ml with DDW. Dilute 10ml of the

Solution to 100ml with DDW.

Procedure:

 The burette is filled with standard EDTA solution to the zero level.
 Take sample water in flask. If sample having high Calcium content then Take smaller volume and dilute to 50ml.
 Add 1ml Ammonia buffer.
 Add 5 to 6 drop of Ericrome black – T indicator. The solution turns into wine Red colour.
 Note the initial reading.
 Titrate the content against EDTA solution. At the end point colour change From wine red to blue colour.
 Note the final reading and record it. Repeat the process till we get concordant Value.
 Take 50ml sample in another flask and boiled it. (Add distilled water to get Final volume of water.)
 Repeat step 3-7.

Calculations:

Total hardness of water mg/L (CaCO3 Scale) = ml of EDTA used (unboiled) *103 /ml of sample Permanent hardness of water mg/L (CaCO3
Scale) = ml of EDTA used (boiled) 103 /ml of sample Temporary hardness of water mg/L (CaCO3 Scale) = Total hardness of water –
Permanent hardness of water
Observation:

The colour of soluble distilled water and R.O water Instantly changed into blue while tap water and pond Water turned wine red when Ericrome
black T was added And therefore after turned blue when titrated against EDTA solution.

Result:

The collected water sample contains Total hardness = _____ppm

Permanent hardness = _____ppm

Temporary hardness = _____ppm

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