CHAPTER 3

Research Methodology
This chapter presents the methodology of this study. It includes research design,
respondents of the study, sampling procedure, materials and instruments, data gathering
procedure and statistical treatment of data.
Research Design
The research design used by the researchers will be a descriptive method of research by
using questionnaire checklists to know the problems encountered by the personnel who handles
CICL cases in selected cities and municipalities in Nueva Ecija. Descriptive method of research
defined as the data fact-finding with adequate interpretation and the true meaning of the data
collected from the point of view of the objective and assumption of the research, it can be used in
multiple ways and for various reasons. (Aquino)
Descriptive research design makes adequate and accurate interpretation with or without
the aid of statistical methods. And this type of research method is something more and beyond
just the data-gathering. Thus, descriptive method of research was used in the study considering it
is the most appropriate method in conducting the research.
The type of descriptive design method to be used is survey method, wherein it includes
recording the answers of the respondents through surveys or questionnaires. Surveys were
generally used to collect feedback from the respondents. A survey method is a process, tool, or
technique that you can use to gather information in research by asking questions to a predefined
group of people. Survey is useful in providing value of facts and focusing attention on the most
important things to be reported.
Respondents
The respondents of the study are (10) DSWD personnel and (10) WCPD personnel that
handles CICL cases of selected Cities and Municipalities in Nueva. The researchers chose
purposive sampling because they are the ones who have enough knowledge to answer the
problems posed in our study. The DSWD and WCPD personnel are selected since there are only
limited personnel that handles CICL cases in each department and they are knowledgeable
enough of their experience.
Sampling Procedure
Purposive sampling will be used in selecting samples for DSWD personnel and WCPD
personnel wherein the researchers rely in the experience and knowledge of the respondents. The
respondents are chosen based on their knowledge of the information desired. This type of
sampling technique also refers to a group of non-probability sampling in which units are selected
because they have characteristics that need’s in the sample. Researchers believed upon using this
sampling technique in the conduct of their study, the reliability and accuracy of the results were
made.
Research Instrument
The main instrument that will be utilized of the study is the questionnaire checklists
which is formulated with the help of research panelists and thesis adviser. Questionnaire
checklist refers to a set of printed or written questions with a choice of answers, devised for the
purposes of survey and statistical study. The instrument will be used is a structured or self-
constructed questionnaire developed by the researchers which consist of items that the selected
respondents must answer in a set format.
The instrument is composed of three (3) parts in the checklist wherein it involves the
profile of the respondents, sub-problem number 2 and sub-problem number 3. Part I of the
questionnaire checklists deals with the profile of the respondents in terms of age, gender, civil
status, educational attainment, and years in service. Part II was composed of five (5) item
checklists that deals on the statements that identify the problems encountered by the personnel
who handles CICL cases. Part III was composed of five (5) items checklist that deals with the
problems encountered in handling CICL cases. The response to each item in the part II and III of
the questionnaire checklists was evaluated according to the Likert's Scale or the scale that
consists of 4,3,2,1 with a provided range and verbal interpretation using very serious, serious,
moderately serious, and not serious.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers will ask permission for the approval of this research study through a
series of recommendations and healthy criticisms from the panelist during the title proposal and
research adviser to allow them to float the questionnaire checklist.
The researchers will make a draft of the questionnaire checklist to present to their
research adviser for the comments, corrections, and suggestions. Then it will be presented to the
panel for its validity, enhancing its improvement to come up with the final revision. Once the
revised questionnaire is finished the researchers will present a letter of request to the thesis
adviser for the approval to gather data and another for the respondents. An approval letter was
also sent to the dean of College of Criminal Justice and Education (CCJE) department
considering that the said department was the one who handled all criminology students as part of
the conduct of the study to get their permission.
Once the permission will be granted the researchers will visit each department to
distribute their questionnaire checklist to (10) DSWD personnel and (10) WCPD personnel and
orient them about the questionnaire they will answer and to inform them about the purpose of the
study personally. After answering and accomplishing the questionnaire by the respondents will
be immediately collected by the researchers from the respondents.

Before administering the tool, the researchers orient the respondents about the
questionnaire they answered for them to be informed about the purpose of the study. The
researchers personally delivered the questionnaire through visiting the respondents personally in
their designated area. After answering and accomplishing the questionnaire by the respondents, it
was immediately collected by the researchers.
Moreover, after the questionnaire checklist will be collected to the targeted respondents,
their responses will be collected, it will be undergo to computation and tabulation, then the data
will be interpret. The researchers will manage to interpret the data. The following step is the
summarization of findings, in which the researchers will make their own conclusions based on
the result of the findings. And lastly, the researchers will give some recommendations based on
the conclusion of the study.
Reliability and Validity
To test the reliability, the researchers use the pre-test method. It will be done by
presenting the questionnaire or the instrument to the other group of people not included in the
selected respondents.
The dry run or preliminary test will be administered to other respondents which is 2 CSWD
personnel in [Link] Police Station
Station and will compare to the 10 CSWD and WCPD Personnel in selected Cities and
municipalities. The result of the dry run or preliminary test will be compute and analyze with the
help of thesis professor and adviser.
To test the validity it will be measured based on the related literature and studies that support the
questionnaire consultation of the research adviser. The questionnaire was initially drafted as a
result of several reading and consultation. The draft was presented to the research adviser for
improvement.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The researchers summarize and analyze the responses of the respondents upon gathering
of the questionnaire.

1. Socio-Demographic Profile of the Respondents.

The data on the questionnaire checklist that deals with the socio-demographic profile of
the respondents used the frequency and percentage distribution of responses. The data gathered
were computed, discussed, and analyzed for the significant findings (Parreno, et al., 2006)
Frequency Distribution. This is used by categorizing and tabulating the frequency of
each occurrence. Frequency distribution is an organized tabulation/graphical representation of
the number of individual in each category on the scale of measurement. In this way, the table
summarizes the distribution of values in the sample.
Percentage. This will use to get the proportion of a part of the whole.
 Formula:
(%) = f x100
N
(%) = Percent of frequency
Where: f= Frequency
N= Total of Respondent

2. For the problems encountered by the personnel who handle CICL cases, the
following statistical formula was used:
Weighted Mean
Weighted Mean is an average computed by giving different weights to
some of the individual values. If all the weights are equal, then the weighted mean
is the same as the arithmetic mean. It represents the average of a given data. The
Weighted mean is similar to the arithmetic mean or sample mean.
Formula:
WM= TWF
N

Where:
WM= Weighted mean
TWF= Total Weight Formula
N= Total Number of Respondents

For verbal interpretation, the following scale was used:

Scale Numerical Equivalent Verbal interpretation
4 3.26-4.00 Very Serious (VS)
3 2.51-3.25 Serious (S)
2 1.76-2.50 Moderately Serious (MS)
1 1.00-1.75 Not Serious (NS)
 3. For the measures or remedies on how the respondents deals with the problems
encountered in handling CICL cases, the following statistical formula was used:
T-Test
A t-test is an inferential statistic used to determine if there is a statistically significant
difference between the means of two variables. We use the T-test Formula to statistically
determine if there is a significant difference between the means of two groups that are related in
certain aspects.

Formula:
WM= TWF
N
Where:
WM= Weighted mean
TWF= Total Weight Formula
N= Total number of respondents

For verbal interpretation, the following scale was used:

Scale Numerical Equivalent Verbal interpretation
4 3.26-4.00 Very Effective (VE)
3 2.51-3.25 Effective (E)
2 1.76-2.50 Moderately Effective (ME)
1 1.00-1.75 Not Effective (NE)

4. Ranking.
This statistical treatment is also utilized to discuss positional advantages. Ranking
is the placement of an item in a category of more or less that the same item. It simply
says that one is higher than the other.