Hawassa University

Information technology 2nd year

Section 1
Course title: operating system

Introduction to IOS system

Group name Id no

1. Biniam Zerihun 0583/13

2. Duresa Gemechu 0861/13

3. Dawit Abebaw 0762/13

4. Betelhem Tamrat 2910/13

Introduction to iOS

IPhone operating system (iOS) is a mobile operating system developed by Apple Inc.
used for apple handheld devices. It is used in devices like- iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch, and Apple
TV. It is the second most widely used mobile operating system. It supports features like direct
manipulation and can respond to various types of user gestures. It is proprietary and
closed source and derived from macOS. Software development kit (SDK) is provided
to create applications. It includes interfaces for developing, running and testing
applications. Apps can be written using system frameworks and Objective-C
programming language.

IOS, just like Android is a popular mobile operating system.. For its devices and work only for
Apple hardware. The close ecosystem works great for Apple as it ensures high stability and
portability among different Apple devices such as iPad, iPhone, and iPad touch. It ranks behind
Android concerning popularity, but have a vibrant ecosystem where app developer can make
more money compared to the Android.

IOS mobile operating system came into life in 2007 and had been growing steadily from the
point. The first Apple device that got the OS is the iPod Touch in September 2007. In Jan 2010,
it came to iPad and also made to other devices such as Apple TV, iPad Mini later in its lifespan.

The ecosystem surrounding iOS is also great. It is one of the most active and offers 1.4 million
iOS application to date. When seen from the viewpoint of downloads, the apps are downloaded
with over 100 billion times. That’s amazing!

History and evolution

IOS was first introduced with iPhone in Jan 2007 and released in June 2007. At first introduction
Steve Jobs claimed it to be running OS X and running desktop class application but during
release introduced it with the name “iPhone OS”. Initially, there was no support for third party
applications. In March 2008, Apple announced software development kit for iPhone. In July
2008, iOS app store opened with 500 applications which increased to 3000 in Sept 2008 and
after successive growth through the years increased to 2.2 million in 2017. It is also estimated to
reach 5 million by 2020. IOS has seen a lot of changes since its inception. Following are the
important milestones in iOS:

 IOS was first introduced with iPhone in Jan 2007 and released in June 2007.
 Apple’s iOS first SDK was released on March 6, 2008.
 The initial release was named iPhone OS which was later changed to iOS on June 7,
2010.
 IPhone OS 1 was released on March 6, 2008, and is the first version of the popular
operating system. The support for iPhone OS 1 ended after two years, i.e., 2010.
 IPhone OS 2, as the name suggest, is the 2nd big release for the iOS. The release was
done in conjunction with iPhone 3G and anyone with the previous version can easily
upgrade to the latest version. Also, this version introduced the App store, which becomes
the hub for installing new apps. New SDK was also released for developers with support
ending in 2011.
 The third big release was Apple iOS 3. It came into existence in June 2009 with support
ending in late 2012. New features such as copy, paste, etc. are added to the OS. 313Case
Studies The next version is iOS 4 and is released on June 21, 2010. Clearly, this is one of
the big releases for iOS as it dropped old device support instead of supporting the latest
devices with multitasking features.
 IOS 5 was released on June 6, 2001. It brought support for iPad Touch (3rd generation)
and iPad (1st generation).
 IOS 6 went live on September 19, 2012, for the 4thgenerationApple devices.
 IOS 7 was released for public on September 18, 2013. It supported two new phones by
Apple, the Apple iPhone 5S and iPhone 5C.
 Just like the old release, iOS 8 released for public on September 9, 2014, with support for
their best phone devices, the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus. They dropped support for older
devices.
 IOS 9 was made public on September 16, 2015. Apple changed how they
 Support legacy hardware and iOS 9 became the first Apple OS that supported 22 devices.
 IOS 10 was announced on June 13, 2016 at WWDC(Worldwide Developers
Conference event and was released to public in September, 2016 along with iPhone 7 and
iPhone 7 plus.
 IOS 11 was made public on September, 2017 along with iPhone 8 and iPhone 8 Plus.
 It has dropped 32-bit applications making iOS 11 as a 64-bit OS that only runs 64-bit
apps.
 IOS 12 was made public on September 2018 along with iPhone XS, iPhone XS Max,
iPhone XR.
 Apple announced iOS 13 and made public on September, 2019. The principal features
include Dark Mode and emoji support. The NFC(Near Field Communication) framework
supports reading several types of contactless smartcards and tags.
 Apple released iOS 14 and iPadOS 14 on 9th July 2020. All devices that support iOS 13
also support iOS 14. Some new features includes widgets that be now be placed directly
on the home-screen, along with the App library which automatically categorizes apps into
one page, Picture in Picture, Car- key technology to unlock and start a car with NFC. It
also allow the user to have incoming calls shown in banners rather than taking up the
whole screen. As on date (March, 2021) 14.1 is available in beta 3 version.
Major achievements

 The iOS operating system provides Higher Security as compared to any other operating
system.
 Excellent UI and fluid responsive

 Suits best for Business and Professionals

 Generate Less Heat as compared to Android
 The iCloud service from Apple provides online data storage. iOS has a default Web
Browser as Safari.
 iOS makes it simple to include social network activities into the app by displaying an
activity stream and sharing content.
 As the default map provider for iOS devices, Apple provides online mapping
services Maps. There are several functions available, including a flyover mode.
 iOS operating system has a very powerful camera. iOS also enables a user interface that
includes multiple gestures like tap, swipe, pinch, Reverse pinch, etc.
 iOS has a feature called Notification Center that collects all of your app alerts in one
place. It displays notifications till the user performs an associated action, rather than
demanding an urgent solution.

 One of the best advantages of the Apple iOS operating system is its ability to allow
smooth multitasking. This means that users can easily switch between different apps
without any lag or delay, thus a great feature for those who need to get things done
quickly and efficiently. Additionally, you can take advantage of the par match app
store to download apps that will help you multitask between your work and studies.
There are a wide variety of apps available on this store, so you’re sure to find one that
suits your needs.

 Finally, Apple devices are well-known for their efficient battery use. This is one of the
main advantages of iOS over other mobile operating systems. With proper care and
regular use, an iPhone can last for years without needing to be replaced.

However, this is not the case with Android devices, as they have a much shorter lifespan.
This is because Android uses a lot more battery power than iOS. As a result, users have
to constantly recharge their devices, which can be a nuisance.

 In addition, iOS is much more power-efficient when it comes to running apps. This
means that users can run multiple apps at the same time without experiencing any
slowdown. On the other hand, Android devices tend to slow down when running multiple
apps simultaneously.


Current trends in IOS

1. Augmented Reality 
Every year starts and ends with the news that Apple will be launching its line of AR products in the
market. 2021 is no different. There is news floating in the market that Apple is set to release AR Glasses,
giving iOS app developers a reason to rejoice. But only time will tell if it would be the future of iOS app
development or something that the iOS app developers will have to wait for some more. 

But when we look at AR development specific iOS trends 2021, we can see that there are a number of
reasons for the community to be happy about. 

Last year, Apple introduced features like face tracking and depth capabilities to ARKit 4, making it easy
for iOS app developers to place AR experiences at geographical points inside the apple. This year, we are
anticipating that we will get to witness a greater connection between ARKit and Apple Neural Engine
making virtual experiences extremely realistic. 

2.  Machine Learning 

One of the most exciting new trends in iOS app development is how it would build upon the Core ML
updates that formed a great part of last year’s iOS app trends.

2020 updates around Machine Learning were planned in a way that reinstated that AI has now become
a norm. This year will be no different. We believe that Apple will continue to build upon the
improvements of 2020 Core ML updates – 

New layer types

Support for encrypting models

Ability to host model updates on CloudKit, etc.

Irrespective of what awaits for the iOS app development domain, there is one thing that we can say with
the utmost guarantee – we will be seeing a lot more intelligent applications entering the market. 

3.  Internet of Things 

On the IOT front, we are expecting to see Apple working on bettering the efficiency of HomeKit. We are
likely going to witness iOS app developers using the HomeKit framework to configure accessories and
creating actions for controlling them, triggering them Siri. 

Although we don’t have any concrete statistics backing it, we are positive that 2021 will see watchOS,
iOS, and tvOS apps getting integrated with the HomeKit accessories on a number that is much higher
than the years that have gone by. By the time we reach the second quarter of 2021, the efforts being
taken for HomeKit development will have made it one of the key latest trends in iOS application 2021.
4.  CloudKit 
One of the most promising iOS app development trends especially for an iOS mobile app development
company would be the consistent bettering of the Apple cloud service. With over 1PB of free storage,
developers can store their entire app data in iCloud backed by the functionalities of real-time syncing,
simple sharing, and powerful services like authentication and server-side storage and scale. 

5.  IOS 15 

Every year starts with iPhone users updating their devices and businesses partnering with an iOS
development company to migrate the existing app to the new OS version. This year too, businesses are
updating their apps to the iOS 14 version. The sign of which is The features that iOS 14 was announced
with was truly revolutionary in nature. Right from an overhauled widget experience to App Clips, an
expansive set of ARKit 4 tools, and a range of privacy tweaks, iOS 14 set a new standard for customer
experience. 

6.  Privacy updates 

IOS application development services are renowned in the industry for their security features and
the iOS 14 update reinstated the fact. 

iOS 14 privacy updates came with a series of features that established how security is the one
thing that is left uncompromised when you build iOS app – 

Changes in store-level control and IDFA

Modification in app installs attribution 

Modification in geo-location access

Privacy report highlighting ‘tracking’ companies