Government of Telangana

Telangana
Socio Economic
Outlook 2023

PLANNING DEPARTMENT
Preface
he Government of Telangana publishes the Socio Economic
T Outlook (SEO) annually and tables it in the State Legislature
during the budget session. It presents the socio-economic
performance of the State across various sectors and recognises
the specific gaps and challenges to initiate appropriate action.
It also presents the information on Government policies and
flagship programmes, and analyses their performance. SEO
2023 highlights the major achievements of the State in relevant
sections. Along with ensuring accountability and transparency, it
also gives the Government an opportunity to reflect holistically
on the existing and future pathways towards achieving ‘Bangaru
Telangana’.

SEO 2023 has been prepared based on the data from the State and
Central Government departments, and has been supplemented
by data from credible and autonomous sources, such as the
Reserve Bank of India, NITI Aayog, Periodic Labour Force Survey,
National Achievement Survey, etc. Through the ‘box items’ a
consistent effort has been made to either present a case study of
a successful reform/innovation that has been implemented in the
State or elsewhere.

All this would not have been possible without the meticulous
support of various line departments of the Government in
providing the necessary information on time. The effort led by the
dedicated team from the Directorate of Economics and Statistics
(DES), Telangana State Development Planning Society (TSDPS)
and Planning Department including Kakatiya Governance Fellows
(KGF) and Centre for Effective Governance of Indian States (CEGIS)
in the preparation of SEO 2023 is deeply appreciated.

Planning Department,
Government of Telangana
 INDEX
Sl. No. Chapter Name Page#

1 Overview 2-9

2 Macroeconomic Trends 10-25

3 Public Finance 26-37

4 Agriculture and Allied Activities 38-63

5 Industries 64-81

6 Services 82-97

7 Infrastructure 98-113

8 Health 114-127

9 Maternal & Child Care 128-141

10 Education & Skill Development 142-155

11 Welfare 156-167

12 Forestry & Environment 168-183

13 Panchayat Raj & Rural Development 184-203

14 Urban Development 204-227

15 Governance 228-249

Annexures

1
 CHAPTER

1
OVERVIEW

2 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Introduction of 15.4%. Even in terms of the Per Capita Income
(PCI), which is a measure of the economic benefit
Telangana state was formed on the 2nd of June, 2014. accrued by an individual in any economy, Telangana
It is a land-locked state located in the southern Indian outperformed India (Telangana’s PCI at current
peninsula on the Deccan Plateau, with Hyderabad as prices stands at Rs. 3.17 lakh, which is Rs. 1.46 lakh
its capital. The region lies between 15°50’10” N and higher than the national PCI (Rs.1.71 lakh)).
19°55’4” N latitudes and 77°14’8” E and 81°19’16”
The Government has also ensured inclusivity in
E longitudes. It is bordered by Maharashtra on the growth. As per the NFHS 2019-21 report, the state
North and North-West, Chhattisgarh on the East ranks 1st among all states (along with Tamil Nadu
and North-East, Karnataka on the West, and Andhra and Kerala) in terms of equitable income distribution,
Pradesh on the South and South-East. with a Gini coefficient of 0.10.

Telangana is ranked 12th in the country in terms of Agriculture

population (350.04 Lakh as per the 2011 Census)
and ranked 11th in terms of area (1,12,077 Sq. Km). Since the formation of the State, the Government
The region is majorly drained by the Godavari and has prioritised the growth of the Agriculture sector
Krishna rivers with 79% and 69% catchment areas through various initiatives such as the Rythu Bandhu
respectively. The official languages of the state are scheme (investment support), the construction of
Telugu and Urdu. The state re-organised 10 districts new major and medium irrigation projects, 24x7 free
into 33 districts, 459 mandals into 612 mandals, power to Agriculture, Mission Kakatiya, promotion of
and 8,368 Gram Panchayats into 12,769 Gram livestock and fisheries, sheep distribution scheme,
Panchayats. etc. These initiatives have led to an increase in the
share of Agriculture and Allied sectors in the total
Economy current-price GSVA of the state – from 16.3% in
2014-15 to 18.2% in 2022-23.
In Telangana, the seeds for a strong foundation
for the economy were sown at the time of state Assured irrigation is the main input for the crops as
formation. Since then, the Government has been it protects the farmers in poor monsoons and leads
maintaining a balanced approach to development to an increase in the production and productivity of
by implementing supply-side, as well as demand- the crops. During the period 2014-15 to 2022-23,
side policies. On the supply side, initiatives such the Government has incurred an amount of Rs 1.61
as TS-iPASS, T-PRIDE, TS-IDEA, TS-GlobalLinker, lakh crore on irrigation projects in the State. Due to
etc., have acted as growth multipliers by improving this considerable investment by the Government, the
productivity and output. On the demand side, a wide Gross Irrigated Area (GIA) has significantly increased
range of welfare schemes, such as Dalit Bandhu, by 117% (from 62.48 lakh acres in 2014-15 to 135
Rythu Bandhu, Kalyana Lakshmi, Shadi Mubarak, lakh acres in 2021-22).
Aasara Pensions, sheep distribution, etc. have
increased the purchasing power of the households, This impressive growth in irrigated area has resulted
thereby improving the living standards of all the in an increase in paddy production by 342% between
sections of the society. 2015-16 and 2021-22 (from 45.71 lakh MTs to 202
lakh MTs) and the State has emerged as the second
Owing to the initiatives taken by the Government, largest supplier of Paddy to the Food Corporation of
the state’s economy has grown steadily since its India (FCI). The Telangana Civil Supplies Corporation
formation. Between 2014-15 and 2022-23, the Limited has purchased huge quantities of paddy in
state’s contribution to India’s nominal GDP increased the last 7 years ensuring the Minimum Support Price,
from 4.1% to 4.9%. As per the Provisional Advance benefitting lakhs of farmers.
Estimates for 2022-23, Telangana’s Gross State
Domestic Product (GSDP) at current prices is Rs. The Government is also actively supporting a
13.27 lakh crore – a growth of 15.6% over the 2021- transition to demand-driven and commercial
22 value, as against the country’s GDP growth rate agriculture which will provide a sustainable increase

Overview 3
in incomes to farmers In this regard, the State has ups has made the state a fertile ground for many
emerged as one of the high-potential states for Oil emerging startups and some of them have gone on
Palm cultivation and stands sixth in the country in to gain national prominence.
terms of the area under oil-palm cultivation (68,440
A startup named “Darwin Box’’ is the first startup from
acres), second in the production of Fresh fruit Bunch,
Telangana that joined the unicorn club and another
and 1st in the Oil Extraction Rate (OER) in India
startup, “Skyroot Aerospace’’, incubated at T-Hub
(19.32% share).
has gained the distinguished status of developing
To support Oil Palm cultivation in the State, the India’s first private rocket called “Prarambh”. T-Hub
Government is providing assistance for taking has bagged the “Best Incubator in India’’ award
up oil palm cultivation with 50% assistance on at the National Startup Awards 2022 of the DPIIT,
mechanisation tools. It is also planning to take up 20 Ministry of Commerce and Industry, for its efforts
lakh acres under Oil Palm in a mission mode as part to support the growth of the startup ecosystem in
of crop diversification. A total of 11 companies are Telangana.
now operating in the state and they have established
The second phase of T-Hub (T-Hub 2.0) was started
30 nurseries with a capacity to raise 2.67 crore Oil
on 28th June, 2022. It is one of the world’s largest
Palm seedlings.
innovation campuses with a capacity to house 4,000
Another notable outcome which would help farmers start-ups and other key elements of the innovation
boost their incomes is the famous Tandur red gram ecosystem. T-Hub Phase 2 has further improved the
bagging a Geographical Indication (GI) tag. It is the startup ecosystem of the state.
16th product from Telangana to get a GI tag and
this process was facilitated by Prof. Jayashankar
Services
Telangana State Agriculture University (PJTSAU). The Services sector in Telangana experienced a

Industry 17.5% growth in the GVA at current prices in 2022-

23. While the Services sector was the worst hit
Business-friendly policies and the proactive measures during the pandemic in 2020-21, the nominal GSVA
taken by the government to facilitate business have of the sector in 2022-23 was 41.1% higher than its
created a conducive environment that has spurred pre-pandemic GVA (2019-20). This reflects a strong
industrial growth in the state. In the year 2022-23, resurgence in the demand for services produced
the industrial sector’s contribution to the Gross State in Telangana. Based on the Provisional Advance
Value Added (GSVA) at current prices is estimated at Estimates of GSVA for Telangana, in 2022-23, the
19.0%. The sector registered a nominal GVA growth sector accounted for 62.8% of the state’s GSVA at
of 10.5% over the previous year. current prices.

The state has made continuous efforts for The ‘Real Estate, Ownership of Dwelling and
the growth of the industrial sector through its Professional Services’ is the most dominant sub-
innovative policies, which have resulted in increased sector of the services sector in the state, which
investments and employment opportunities. TS- contributed to more than one-third of the GSVA at
iPASS, the government’s flagship initiative, attracted current prices. According to JLL-City-Momentum
Rs 20,237 crore of investment in 2022-23 (up to Jan Index-2020, which identifies the world’s most
2023) through 2,518 new industries and created dynamic cities from a real estate perspective,
employment for 72,908 people. Hyderabad is the world’s most dynamic city by
occupying the first position in the city momentum
Innovation and technology are the prime drivers of
index. As per the report, the city is one of the world’s
industrial growth in Telangana. Currently, the state
best-performing cities for prime offices and its rental
has 78 incubators, accelerators, and co-working
growth is phenomenal.
spaces with a specific focus on Lifesciences, FinTech,
Agri Tech, Digital, etc. The innovation policy of the A thriving technology sector is driving this
state and the incentives provided to the start- momentum, with the city’s reputation receiving a

4 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

further boost with the opening of a large campus by its Total Expenditure (78.1%) among India GS in
Amazon, in addition to the presence of tech giants the 2018-21 period (India GS average share of
such as Apple, Microsoft, Google, and Facebook. Development Expenditure is 68.4% during the same
This enabling environment has led to a remarkable period).
growth in IT exports from the state. Between
In per capita terms, leaving out Goa which is
2014-15 and 2021-22, IT exports from the state
an outlier, Telangana stood first in terms of the
experienced a Compounded Annual Growth Rate
Development Expenditure incurred during the 2018-
(CAGR) of 15.67%. The total employment in the IT
21 period. Telangana spent Rs. 26,897 per capita
sector increased from nearly 3.7 lakh to 7.7 lakh
followed by Karnataka (Rs. 24,040), whereas India
during this period.
GS average was Rs. 20,233. In the same period,
Public Finance Telangana’s committed expenditure (salaries and
wages, pensions, interest payments) as a percentage
Strong public finances are critical to ensure effective
of revenue receipts was 48.6% in 2018-21, lower
delivery of welfare schemes and public services.
than the India GS average (55.1%). These indicators
The COVID-19 pandemic forced the Government
clearly indicate that the state has managed to
to increase expenditures and realign existing
perform well despite the challenging environment.
expenditure priorities in order to save lives. The
economic slowdown had the twin effect of a Maternal and Child Care
decrease in revenue receipts and an increase in
Initiatives of the Government such as Arogya
revenue expenditure.
Lakshmi, KCR Kit, KCR Nutrition Kit and Amma Vodi
While the state could not receive the anticipated have resulted in visible improvement in maternal and
tax revenue in 2020-21, due to prudent fiscal child care linked indicators of the state. Institutional
management by the Government, the state received births increased from 91.5% to 97% between NFHS
nearly equal tax revenues in 2020-21 (Rs. 66,650 4 and NFHS 5, and births in Government hospitals
crore) as it did in 2019-20 (Rs. 67,597 crore). increased from 30.5% in 2015-16 to 61% in 2022.
During the 2018-21 period, the state’s own revenue Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in Telangana has fallen
accounted for 73.1% of the revenue receipts, higher by 40%, from 35 in 2014 to 21 in 2020. The Maternal
than the average of India GS (General States), at Mortality Ratio (MMR) has decreased by 46.9%, from
56.5%. This indicates the state’s financial self- 81 in 2014-16 to 43 in 2018-20, which is the third
sufficiency in comparison to other states. lowest MMR among the 18 Non-Special Category
states of the country. The State has emerged as an
In per capita terms, leaving out Goa which is an
achiever in SDG Goal 3 (Good Health and Wellbeing)
outlier, Telangana’s average per capita revenue
which aims at reducing the global MMR to less than
receipts (Rs. 27,305) for 2018-21 are the highest
70 per 1,00,000 live births by 2030.
among India GS. The overall average for India GS
for 2018-21 is Rs. 23,788. The state’s Tax-to-GSDP Under the KCR Kit scheme, mothers are being
ratio is the second highest among India GS, reflecting provided with the financial assistance of Rs.12,000
that Telangana manages its economic resources (Rs.13,000 for a girl child) to compensate for the loss
markedly better than the other states in the country. of wages by the women during the pregnancy and
postnatal period. This cash incentive is released in
On the expenditure side too, the State’s capital
four installments linked to key milestones between
outlay of Rs. 25,954 crore in 2021-22 (as per revised
antenatal check-ups and vaccination. In addition, a
estimates) was 63% higher than the 2020-21 value
kit is also being provided to keep newborn babies
(Rs. 15,922 crore), thus providing the necessary
warm and hygienic.
support to the recovering economy. Telangana also
had the highest share of Development Expenditure In order to tackle anaemia and improve haemoglobin
(spending on social services (Education, Health, levels in pregnant women, the Government launched
Welfare, Housing etc.) and economic services the flagship programme “KCR Nutrition Kits” on
[Agriculture, Forestry, Industry, Transport etc.]) in December 21, 2022, in high-anaemia-prevalent

Overview 5
districts such as Adilabad, Bhadradri Kothagudem, an apex laboratory acting as the hub, and the Urban
Jayashankar Bhupalpally, Jogulamba Gadwal, Primary Health Centres (UPHCs), Community Health
Kamareddy, Komaram Bheem Asifabad, Mulugu, Centres (CHCs), Area Hospitals (AHs), etc. serving as
Nagar Kurnool, and Vikarabad. Each kit contains one the spokes. Currently, in 20 district-level diagnostic
kg of nutritional mix powder, one kg of dates, three hubs, there are 57 test parameters available, with
bottles of iron syrup, 500 grams of ghee, and a cup. an average sample load of 5,000 at the central lab
and 1,000-2,000 at district hubs. The same model
The Arogya lakshmi scheme is another initiative
has been adopted to provide quality dialysis services
of the Government in collaboration with the
free of cost in a decentralised manner in all districts.
Government of India which provides nutritious and
Every year, approximately 6 lakh dialysis sessions
healthy meals to all pregnant and lactating mothers
are conducted across the 104 dialysis centres
registered in all the Anganwadi Centres. In 2022-23
benefitting an average of 8,500 patients per year.
the scheme benefited over 19.08 lakh pregnant and
lactating women, & children in the age group of 7 The Government launched the biggest community
months to 6 years (covered under Balamrutham and eye-screen programme, Kantivelugu, in 2018 to
Supplementary Nutrition Programme). NITI Aayog, in conduct eye screening & vision tests for all citizens
its recent report, “Take Home Ration: Good Practices of the state, to provide spectacles free of cost, to
across States and UTs,” in 2022 highlighted the provide medicines for common eye ailments, and to
Arogya Lakshmi Scheme’s nutritional enrichment, educate people on the prevention of serious disabling
transparent and quality-assured procurement and eye diseases. The Second Phase of Kanti Velugu
supply chain of commodities, robust monitoring, etc. started on January 18, 2023, to build an avoidable-
as good practices. blindness-free Telangana.

Amma Vodi is an exclusive ambulance service The state also leads in the supply chain management
launched by the State Government in 2018 to of various drugs including vaccines, sutures, and
reduce the out-of-pocket expenses for families, and surgical items. The Telangana State Medical
to make way for an improvement in the number Services & Infrastructure Development Corporation
of safe deliveries and immunisation. 300 vehicles (TSMSIDC) is implementing the Drugs and Vaccines
are operating across 33 districts under the scheme Distribution System (DVDMS), a web-based drugs
through the 102 Helpline. During 2022-23, about supply chain management application covering
2.75 lakh beneficiaries availed services under this various Regional/District Drug warehouses, District
scheme till 22 December 2022. Hospitals, Community Health Centres, Primary
Health Centres, and Sub Centres. In this regard,
Health Telangana has been ranked 3rd in the country,
The Government has taken a series of steps to closely following Rajasthan and Bihar.
strengthen health infrastructure and to make
Persistent efforts by the Government to improve
healthcare services and medical education more
the health system in the state have been reflected
accessible. For the academic year 2023-24, the
in the state’s year-on-year performance on the NITI
Government has approved 9 new Government
Aayog Health Index. In terms of overall performance,
Medical Colleges at Asifabad, Jayashankar
Telangana moved from 11th rank amongst the 19
Bhupalpally, Jangaon, Kamareddy, Karimnagar,
larger states in 2015-16 to 3rd rank in 2019-20. The
Khammam, Rajanna Siricilla, Vikarabad, and Nirmal
index assessed the performance of the state along
with a cumulative capacity of 900 MBBS seats and
24 indicators in the domains of Health Outcomes,
3,897 sanctioned posts. This will facilitate access to
Governance and Information, and Key Inputs and
medical education in rural areas of the state.
Processes.
With the objective of providing low-cost pathological
Education
diagnostic and imaging services to the people, the
Government launched the ‘Telangana Diagnostic The Government has been determined to improve
Scheme’ in 2018, as a hub-and-spoke model, with and provide equitable access to quality education.

6 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

In order to equip children with critical thinking
and problem-solving skills for achieving better
Water Supply and
life outcomes, and to strengthen the capacity of Sanitation
teachers, the State launched ‘Tholi Mettu/First Step’ Gram Panchayats play an essential role in ensuring
in 2022-23. The initiative is a Foundational Literacy last-mile access to drinking water as part of the
and Numeracy (FLN) programme for Grades 1-5 state’s flagship Mission Bhagiratha scheme. GPs
in all the schools, to practise basic Language and are required to certify that there are no leftover
Math skills in a mission mode and to achieve the households to provide tap water connections to They
minimum competency at par with the Grade level. are also required to report any problems related to
The programme has been envisaged with an aim to the drinking water supply to the concerned Mission
achieve universal FLN by 2024. Bhagiratha officer and coordinate to ensure the
Access to quality education is also dependent on the timely resolution of issues
availability of teachers in schools. Ensuring teacher The efforts of the Government under the scheme
access has been a focus area of the Government. have led to recognition from the Ministry of Jal Shakti,
According to UDISE 2021-22, at the primary level, the Government of India, which declared Telangana as
state ranks third among the Non-Special category the first large state in the country to achieve 100%
states with a Pupil Teacher Ratio (PTR) of 20:1. For coverage of functional household tap connections
Upper Primary and Secondary levels, Telangana is in all rural habitations through sustainable surface
the best performer among the Non-Special category sources. All the 57.01 lakh rural households having
states with a PTR of 13:1 and 9:1 respectively. functional tap connections in the state are being
On the educational infrastructure front, the supplied 100 Litres Per Capita Per Day (LPCD) of
Government launched the “Mana Ooru-Mana Badi/ water.
Mana Basti-Mana Badi” scheme, which focuses on To accelerate the efforts to achieve universal
upgradation of infrastructure facilities across 12 sanitation coverage and to put the focus on
components in government schools in the state. The sanitation, the Prime Minister of India launched
scheme was launched in January 2022 in 3 phases the Swachh Bharat Mission on 2nd October 2014.
for a period of three years. A budget approval of Since the launch of the programme, the state
Rs.7,289.54 crore was provided for the scheme. government has been actively involved in achieving
26,065 government and local body schools and 19.84 100% coverage of rural sanitation in the State by
lakh students are covered under this programme. In taking up the construction of Individual Household
the initial phase, a budget of Rs. 3,497.62 crore has Latrines (IHHLs) under SBM(G), and school toilets
been allotted for 9,123 schools covering 14.72 lakh & Anganwadi toilets under MGNREGS. Owing to
students. the efforts of the government, the state has been
Around 62.29 lakh children were enrolled in all declared as ODF by constructing over 31.56 lakh
types of schools in the state during the academic toilets in the last five years, out of which, 19.27 lakh
year 2021-22. Out of these, 50.23% were enrolled toilets were constructed under SBM(G) as of 31st
in private schools and 49.77% were enrolled in December 2022.
Government schools. On account of the initiatives Welfare
taken by the Government to improve the quality of
education in Government schools, the total enrolment The Government is dedicated to enhance the welfare
in all Government Schools increased from 43.47% in the socially and economically underprivileged,
2020-21 to 49.77% in 2021-22. To further improve including women, children, senior citizens, people
the enrolment in Government schools, English as a with special needs, and members of Scheduled
language of instruction has been launched in Grades Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), Backward
1 to 8 from the academic year 2022-23 and would Classes (BCs), and Minority Communities. The
be subsequently scaled to one higher Grade every purpose of the welfare schemes is to ensure that
year to cover all Grades up to Grade 10 by 2024-25. these reflect the needs of the relevant communities.

Overview 7
As part of its efforts to improve the socio-economic including natural death, the insured amount of
condition of SCs by providing support for setting Rs 5.00 lakh is deposited into the account of the
up of long-term income generation activities, the designated nominee within (10) days. Since 2018-
Government launched the Telangana Dalit Bandhu 19 the government has settled claims to an extent of
scheme. Under this scheme, each beneficiary of the Rs.4,771 crore to 95,416 bereaved families.
household is provided with a grant of Rs. 10 lakh. In the
On similar lines, to cover Handloom, Powerloom,
year 2021-22, Rs. 4,150 crore was distributed to the
and ancillary workers, Nethanna Bhima (Group Life
districts to cover approximately 38,323 SC–identified
Insurance) Scheme was launched by the Government
households. For the year 2022-23, a provision of Rs.
on par with Rythu Bima on August 7,[Link] scheme
17,700 crore has been made with a target of 1,500
is being implemented since 14.08.2022 under LIC of
beneficiaries per Assembly Constituency. Further,
India Insurance Scheme. 38,951 enrolments have
Dalit Rakshana Nidhi has been established to ensure
been made online under the scheme and 36,002 of
that a Dalit Bandhu beneficiary family that faces an
them have been found to be eligible.
unfortunate event does not suffer financially. In times
of need, money can be spent from this fund so that The government is also focused on undoing the
the beneficiaries’ families can be protected. historic injustices inflicted on the SC, ST, and BC
within the state, making minorities feel empowered
‘Aasara’ Pension scheme has been launched in
by protecting their rights and entitlements; these
November 2014 as a social safety net to safeguard
concerns are being addressed by extending
several sections of society, including the elderly and
reservations to these communities. On 30 September
infirm, disabled individuals, widows, people with HIV/
2022, the government increased the reservation
AIDS, Filaria patients (Grade-II and III), incapacitated
of STs in Educational Institutions and State
weavers, toddy tappers, poor Beedi workers, single
Government Services from 6% to 10%. Currently, ST,
women, and dialysis patients. About Rs.7,565 crore
SC, BC, Minority (BC-E), and Economically Weaker
was disbursed to 44.43 lakh pensioners in 2022-23
Section (EWS) have 10%, 15%, 25%, 4%, and 10%
(up to January 2023)
reservations respectively.
With the objective of curbing child marriages to a
Self Help Groups (SHG) play an important role in
significant extent and relieving the financial burden
furthering financial inclusion as well as women
related to marriages, the Government launched the
empowerment and in this regard, the Government
‘Kalyana Lakshmi/Shaadi Mubarak’ scheme as part
has been actively promoting and providing assistance
of which a one-time grant of Rs.1,00,116 is provided
to SHGs by facilitating bank linkages. In rural areas,
to unmarried girls (above 18 years of age) from
the amount disbursed to SHGs has tripled from
SC, ST, BC and Minority families (with a combined
Rs.3,738.67 crore in 2014-15 to Rs.12,684.59 crore
income of both parents not exceeding Rs.2,00,000
by 2022-23 (until January 2023). In urban areas, an
per annum) at the time of their marriage. From mid-
amount of Rs. 1,458.97 crore was provided to 18,680
2019, the Government has also been providing
SHGs this year (until January 2023).
financial assistance of Rs.1,25,145 to unmarried
disabled girls irrespective of their caste and religion. The government has taken up the 2-BHK housing
Up to January 2023, a total of 2.4 lakh SC, 1.5 lakh programme for providing decent living and providing
ST, 5.9 lakh BC, 2.4 lakh Minority families benefited affordable and quality housing to the poor. Under
from the scheme and an amount of Rs. 10,558.79 the “2-BHK Housing Scheme”, the Government
crore had been disbursed. constructed 1.36 lakh houses with an amount of Rs.
11,635.14 crore up to December 2022. Further, the
To provide financial relief and social security to
Government has decided to take up 4 lakh houses
the family members/ dependents in case of loss
with a unit cost of Rs.3.00 lakh per each house
of farmer’s life due to any reason, the government
with 100% subsidy to plot owners belonging to
initiated a flagship group life insurance scheme-
Economically Weaker Sections (EWS).
Rythu Bima in the year 2018. In the event of the
death of the enrolled farmer due to any cause

8 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

The Government introduced the Sheep Rearing
and Development Scheme to develop the economic
Governance
standards of Yadava and Kuruma communities and To ease governance, reduce human effort, and bring
to provide them a sustainable livelihood. A total of together multiple government offices and services in
82.64 lakh sheep have been distributed to 3.93 lakh a single location, the Government has proposed to
beneficiaries during 2017-2022 and the Government construct 29 Integrated District Offices Complexes
has incurred Rs.3,751.15 crore as a 75% subsidy. (IDOCs). This is expected to improve the functioning
The Government has also enhanced the unit cost of the Government and make it more efficient and
from Rs.1,25,000 to Rs.1,75,000 due to the increase accessible to citizens. Out of the proposed 29
in sheep’s price and transportation costs. IDOCs, 17 have been successfully constructed and
inaugurated so far.
Environment
The Government recognizes the role of public
The Government launched its flagship programme
officials and considers them to be the backbone for
‘‘Telangana Ku Haritha Haram (Green Garland
providing efficient governance. The Telangana State
for Telangana)’’ (TKHH) in 2015-16. Under this
Public Service Commission (TSPSC) has issued 135
programme, extensive plantation activities are being
Direct Recruitment notifications for around 55,144
taken up inside and outside of the notified forest
vacancies in the past 8 years. During 2022, the
areas to increase forest density and to assist natural
Commission has notified the filling up of 17,134
regeneration through intensive water harvesting
posts through Direct Recruitment (up to January 1st,
structures. As of 2022-23, 14,965 nurseries have been
2023).
established and 270.65 crore saplings have been
planted with an impressive 117.68% achievement The Government has been at the forefront of
rate as against the target of 230 crore plantations leveraging technology to improve access to
with an incurred expenditure of Rs.10,417 crore. services for citizens and to ensure that services are
delivered in a timely and efficient manner. Through
To create more lung spaces for the citizens, the
e-Governance initiatives such as MeeSeva, T-App
Government has proposed to develop 109 Urban
Folio, Dharani Land Records Management Portal,
Forest Parks, of which 77 have been completed and
and Telangana State Building Permission Approval
60 made available for the general public. Out of
and Self-Certification System (TS-bPASS), process
109 Urban Forest Parkes, 59 are in the Hyderabad
flows have been streamlined, which has led to their
Metropolitan Development Authority (HMDA)
wide adoption by the citizens. The state had the
jurisdiction. A green corridor has also been developed
highest cumulative number of e-transactions per
through intensive plantation of 71.15 lakh seedlings
1,000 population among all states in India between
along 158 km of Outer Ring Road and interchanges
2015 and 2022. It has been ranked second among
of 457.23 acres.
the non-special category states in the country in
Due to these initiatives, Hyderabad has been terms of the annual number of e-transactions per
recognized as the “Tree City of the World- 2021” 1,000 population in 2022.
by the Arbor Day Foundation and the Food and
Overall, the various initiatives and schemes of the
Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations
Government reaching all sections of the society have
for the second consecutive year. In addition to
resulted in the strong performance of the economy
this, Hyderabad has also been honoured with the
and improvements in developmental indicators
“World Green City Award 2022” at the International
across the board. The efforts of the Government
Association of Horticulture Producers (AIPH) 2022,
have been recognized by national and international
organised in Jeju, South Korea. The city has also been
organisations of repute, enabling an optimistic
awarded in the category ‘Living Green for Economic
outlook for the state, and these will collectively lead
Recovery and Inclusive Growth’.
to fulfillment of the aspirations of the citizens.

Overview 9
 CHAPTER

2
MACROECONOMIC
TRENDS

10 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

 Key Highlights
This chapter discusses the trends in l The Agriculture and Allied sectors
macroeconomic indicators of Telangana in Telangana achieved a year-on-
for the year 2022-231. Broad themes year growth in Gross Value Added
include economic growth, per-capita (GVA) (current prices) of 11.9%
income, and unemployment. between 2021-22 and 2022-23.
This is a 2.2 percentage points
l In 2022-23, Telangana’s Gross increase in the growth rate over
State Domestic Product (GSDP) the 2021-22 growth rate. Since
at current prices is Rs. 13.27 lakh the sector employs 45.8% of the
crore. Telangana’s GSDP at current population of the state, its economic
prices increased by 15.6% in 2022- success is crucial to improving the
23. living standards in Telangana.

l In 2022-23, the Per Capita Income l The Industrial sector in Telangana

(PCI) at current prices in Telangana achieved a growth of 10.5% in
is Rs.3.17 lakh, which is Rs. 1.46 2022-23.
lakh higher than the national per
capita income in 2022-23 (Rs.1.71 l The Services sector – the primary
lakh). contributor to the state’s economic
growth – witnessed a remarkable
l Based on the Compound Annual growth of 17.5% in its GVA at
Growth Rate (CAGR) of PCI at current prices in 2022-23.
current prices for Telangana and
India for 2014-15 to 2022-23, the l The unemployment rate in the state
average citizen in Telangana can has been on a declining trajectory.
expect his/her income to double in There was an 8.2 percentage point
roughly 5 to 6 years, whereas the decline in the Urban unemployment
average citizen in the country as a rate as per current weekly status
whole would have to wait for about (Four quarters moving average)
8 to 9 years for their income to between the October-December
double. 2020 quarter and the July-
September 2022 quarter.

1. All GSDP and GSVA figures of Telangana reported for 2022-23 represent the Provisional Advance Estimates(PAE)
and are subject to change. All GDP and GVA figures of India reported for 2022-23 represent the First Advance
Estimates (FAE) and are subject to change. Wherever inter state comparisons are carried out, figures reflect
Provisional Estimates (PE) released in August, 2021, on account of non-availability of state-wise Advance
Estimate data.

Macroeconomic Trends 11
2.1 Introduction distribution etc., have increased the purchasing
power of the households, thereby improving the
With increased globalisation, economies of the living standards of all the sections of the society.
world are more integrated than ever before, and
The Government has also ensured inclusivity in
are consequently more sensitive to the challenges
growth, and as per the NFHS 2019-21 report4, the
posed by the external environment. While COVID-19
state ranks 1st among all states (along with Tamil
derailed the economies in 2020-21 severely, 2021-
Nadu and Kerala) in terms of equitable income
22 was a year of rapid recovery for many economies
distribution, with a Gini coefficient5 of 0.10.
around the world. The year 2022-23, however, has
been marked by a relative slowdown in growth due On account of the progressive policies of the
to disturbances in the global supply chain. Decrease Government, despite external shocks, the state
in consumer demand, increase in global inflation from displayed resilience by achieving a tremendous
6.4% in 2021 to 9.1% in 2022 , the Russia-Ukraine recovery in 2021-22, followed by remarkable growth
war, and lockdowns in some parts of the world have in the year 2022-23.
led to a contraction in growth. The World Economic
Outlook2 published by the International Monetary 2.2.1 GSDP at Current Prices
Fund (IMF) in January 2023 predicts that the global Based on the Provisional Advance Estimates (PAE),
economy is likely to grow by only 2.9% in the year in 2022-23, Telangana’s nominal GSDP was valued
2023 - a 0.5 percentage points decline from their at Rs. 13.27 lakh crore, after achieving a noteworthy
previous year estimate for 2022. growth rate of 15.6% over the previous year.

2.2 Gross State Domestic Figure 2.1 depicts Telangana’s growth journey
Product 3 from the year of state formation. Telangana’s
nominal growth rate exceeded that of India’s by 1.0
The Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) measures percentage point in 2014-15. The gap increased
the monetary value of all final goods and services to 4.6 percentage points by 2019-20, declining
produced in an economy during any given year. thereafter as the pandemic hit the entire country in
The GSDP is one of the most important economic 2020-21, and as the pan-Indian economy recovered
indicators, as it provides information about the from the pandemic in 2021-22 (The V-shaped
general economic health of the economy in terms of recovery is evident from Figure 2.1, both in the case
its size and growth. of Telangana and India). In 2022-23, Telangana’s
In Telangana, the seeds for a strong foundation to the nominal GSDP was 15.6% higher in comparison
economy were sown at the time of state formation. with the previous year, and India’s nominal GDP
Since then, the Government has maintained a had increased by 15.4%. The lower growth rate in
balanced approach to development by implementing this year can be attributed to two major factors –
supply-side, as well as demand-side policies. On the one, global factors such as higher inflation, supply
supply side, policies such as TS-iPASS, T-PRIDE, TS- bottlenecks, lower demand, etc. made the economic
IDEA, TS-GlobalLinker, etc., have acted as growth environment non-conducive to growth, especially
multipliers by improving productivity and output. On for the manufacturing sector, and second, the base
the demand side, a wide range of welfare schemes, effect, on account of which a high growth over and
such as Dalith Bandhu, Rythu Bandhu, Kalyana above the already enormous 2021-22 GSDP/GDP
Laxmi, Shadi Mubarak, Aasara Pensions, sheep values could not have been expected.

2. As per the International Monetary Fund ([Link]

3. Gross State Domestic Product measures the size of the state’s economy. It is a commonly used indicator for the performance of the state’s
economy. Generally a rapidly increasing GSDP is a sign of a healthy economy. GSDP is the value of all the final goods (e.g. cars, food, furniture)
and services (e.g. services provided by barbers, taxi drivers, waiters) produced within the state during the year. Importantly, there are two
measures of GSDP: nominal GSDP (GSDP at current prices) and real GSDP (GSDP at constant prices). While nominal GSDP is calculated by
using the prices of the current year, real GSDP is calculated by using the prices of some other year designated as the ‘base year’ (in the context
of this chapter, the base year is 2011-12). Therefore, changes in nominal GSDP between years reflect the change in both prices as well as
quantity of final goods (e.g. number of cars) and services (e.g. number of haircuts) produced. In contrast, changes in real GSDP reflects only
changes in the quantity of goods and services produced, since the same prices are used for all years.
4. National Family Health Survey, NFHS- 5, 2091-21, pg no 43.
5. The Gini index, or Gini coefficient, measures income distribution across a population. The coefficient ranges from 0 (or 0%) to 1 (or 100%),
with 0 representing perfect equality and 1 representing perfect inequality.

12 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Figure 2.1
Growth Rate of Gross Domestic Product at Current Prices for
Telangana and India (2014-15 to 2022-23)
19.4%
15.6%
14.2% 13.9% 13.9% 14.3%
12.0% 19.5%
10.8% 15.4%

11.0% 11.8% 11.0%

10.5% 10.6%

6.2% 1.2%
-1.4%

2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23

(TRE) (SRE) (FRE) (PE) (PAE/FAE)
Telangana All-India

2018- 19 2019- 20 2020- 21 2021- 22 2022- 23

Year 2014- 15 2015- 16 2016- 17 2017- 18
(TRE) (SRE) (FRE) (PE) (PAE/FAE)
Telangana’s GSDP at 5.06 5.78 6.58 7.50 8.57 9.50 9.62 11.48 13.27
current prices
(in Rs. lakh crore)
India’s GDP at current 124.68 137.72 153.92 170.90 189.00 200.75 198.01 236.65 273.08
prices (in Rs. lakh crore)
Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India.

In the year 2021-22, the state ranked third in terms of the growth rate of nominal GSDP (Provisional
Estimates) among the thirteen General states6 for which data was released by the Ministry of Statistics &
Programme Implementation (MoSPI)7 (see Figure 2.2).

Figure 2.2 GSDP (PE) Growth Rate at Current Prices for General
States (2021-22)
25.0%
20.5% 19.7% 19.4%
20.0% 18.5% 18.4% 18.1% 18.0%
15.0% 14.2% 14.1%
15.0% 13.0% 12.8%
9.7%
10.0%
5.0%
0.0%

Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), Government of India

The strong and consistent growth experienced by Telangana’s economy translated into an increase in

6. General states include 18 Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya
Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. These 18 states account for
approximately 92% of India’s population.

7. Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Maharashtra, and West Bengal are the 5 General states for which data for the year 2021-22 was not released by
MoSPI. The same applies to all other indicators where MoSPI data for the year 2021-22 has been used.

Macroeconomic Trends 13
Telangana’s contribution to the country’s GDP over time (see Figure 2.3). In the year of state formation,Telangana
contributed roughly 4.1% to the national GDP. In 2021-22, the state became the 7th largest contributor to the
national nominal GDP amongst the thirteen general states with data availability. Between 2014-15 and 2022-
23, the state’s contribution to India’s nominal GDP increased from 4.1% to 4.9%.

Figure 2.3
Contribution of Telangana’s GSDP to India’s GDP at Current Prices
(2014-15 to 2022-23)
4.5% 4.7% 4.9% 4.9% 4.9%
4.3% 4.4%
4.1% 4.2%

2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23

(TRE) (SRE) (FRE) (PE) (PAE/FAE)

Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India

2.2.2 GSDP at Constant (2011-12) Prices

Based on the Provisional Advance Estimates (PAE), in 2022-23, Telangana’s GSDP at constant (2011-12)
prices increased by 7.4% over the previous year. The state’s performance was better than that of India’s, which
experienced an increase of 7.0% in the real GDP in 2022-23.

Figure 2.4 depicts Telangana’s growth journey from the year of state formation. While the state started out
with a lower growth rate of real GSDP than the national average in the year of state formation, its growth rate
exceeded that of India’s by 3.6 percentage points the very next year. The state’s real growth rate has been
higher than the national growth rate in every year since 2015-16. In 2022-23, the gap between Telangana’s
GSDP growth rate and India’s GDP growth rate was 0.4 percentage points.

14 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Figure 2.4
Growth Rate of Gross Domestic Product at Constant (2011-12)
Prices for Telangana and India (2014-15 to 2022-23)

14.00%
11.6%
12.00% 10.9%
9.3% 9.7%
9.1%
10.00%
7.4%
8.00% 6.8%
8.0% 8.3% 5.4% 8.7%
6.00% 7.4% 7.0%
6.8% 6.5%
4.00%
2.00% 3.7%

0.00% -4.9%
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
-2.00% (TRE) (SRE) (FRE) (PE) (PAE/FAE)
-4.00%
Telangana All-India
-6.00%
-8.00% -6.6%

2014- 2015- 2016- 2017- 2018- 2019- 2020- 2021- 2022- 23

Year
15 16 17 18 19 (TRE) 20 (SRE) 21 (FRE) 22 (PE) (PAE/FAE)
Telangana’s GSDP at
constant prices (in Rs. 4.16 4.65 5.08 5.57 6.08 6.41 6.10 6.76 7.27
lakh crore)
India’s GDP at constant
105.28 113.69 123.08 131.45 139.93 145.16 135.58 147.36 157.60
prices (in Rs. lakh crore)
Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India.

In the year 2021-22, the state ranked fourth in terms of the growth rate of GSDP (Provisional Estimates) at
constant (2011-12) prices, among the thirteen General Categostates for which data was released by the
Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation (MoSPI) (see Figure 2.5).

Figure 2.5 GSDP (PE) Growth Rate at Constant (2011-12)

Prices for General States (2021-22)

12.0% 11.4% 11.0% 11.0% 10.9%

10.2% 10.1% 9.8%
10.0% 9.5%
8.2% 8.0%
8.0% 7.1% 6.9%
6.0% 4.2%
4.0%
2.0%
0.0%

Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), Government of India

Macroeconomic Trends 15
2.3 Per-Capita Income 8
While the Gross State Domestic Product reflects the total size of an economy, a better measure of economic
growth accrued by an individual is the per-capita income (PCI). In the year 2021-22, Telangana’s nominal PCI
(Rs.2,75,443 as per Provisional Estimates) was the 2nd highest among the thirteen general states for which
data had been released by MoSPI.

In the year 2022-23, Telangana’s nominal PCI had increased to Rs. 3.17 lakh. Telangana’s per capita income
has consistently been higher than the average national per capita income since the year of state formation,
and the gap has widened with each successive year (see Figure 2.6). In 2014-15, the per capita income of
Telangana was 1.43 times the national per-capita income (Telangana’s PCI was Rs. 37,457 higher than the
national PCI). As of 2022-23, the multiplier had increased to 1.86 (Telangana’s PCI was Rs. 1,46,495 higher
than the national PCI).

Figure 2.6 Per-Capita Income at Current Prices for Telangana and

India (2014-15 to 2022-23)
3,17,115
2,75,443
2,31,378 2,31,103
2,09,848
1,79,358
1,59,395
1,40,840
1,24,104
1,70,620
1,50,007
1,25,946 1,32,115 1,26,855
1,03,870 1,15,224
86,647 94,797

2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23

(TRE) (SRE) (FRE) (PE) (PAE/FAE)

Telangana All-India

Multiplier
1.43 1.49 1.53 1.56 1.67 1.75 1.82 1.84 1.86
Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India,

A comparison of the growth rates of per capita incomes for Telangana and India is presented in Figure 2.7. In
the year (2021-22), the growth rate of nominal PCI in Telangana was 0.9 percentage points higher than the
national nominal PCI growth rate, and the gap in their growth rates widened to 1.4 percentage points in the
year 2022-23.

8. Per Capita Income (PCI) measures the amount of money that would be available per person if the total value of all goods and
services produced in the economy were to be divided equally among all citizens. An important point to note is that capital
goods (e.g. machines) depreciate in value with time. To adjust for this, depreciation is first subtracted from the GSDP before
calculating the PCI.

16 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Figure 2.7 Growth Rate of Per Capita Income at Current Prices for
Telangana and India (2014-15 to 2022-23)

19.2%
17.0%
15.1%
13.5% 18.3%
13.2%
12.5%
10.6% 10.3%
13.7%

10.9%
9.5% 9.4% 9.6% 9.3%

4.9%
-0.1%

2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23

(TRE) (SRE) (FRE) (PE) (PAE/FAE)
Telangana All-India -4.0%

Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India,

Based on the Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of PCI (at current prices) for Telangana vs. India from
2014-15 to 2022-23, the average citizen in Telangana can expect their income to double in roughly 5 to 6
years, whereas the average citizen in the country as a whole would have to wait for about 8 to 9 years for
their income to double.

2.4 Sectoral Analysis

2.4.1 Sectoral Contribution 9
The GSDP of any state is measured in terms of the economic contributions made by three key sectors -
Agriculture & Allied Sectors, Industries (including mining and quarrying) and Services. Since state formation,
the Services sector has been the highest contributor to Telangana’s Gross State Value Added (GSVA), followed
by the Industries, and Agriculture and Allied sectors respectively. Based on the Provisional Advance Estimates
of GSVA for Telangana, in 2022-23, the services sector accounted for 62.8% of Telangana’s GSVA at current
prices10, followed by the industrial sector including mining and quarrying (19.0%) and the agriculture and allied
sector (18.2%).

The trend in the share of each sector towards the state’s GSVA is shown in Figure 2.8. Figure 2.9 shows the
share of GVA coming from the three sectors for India.

9. Traditionally, the three sectors discussed are the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors, where the primary sector comprises
the ‘Agriculture and Allied Sectors’, and ‘Mining & Quarrying’, the secondary sector comprises ‘Construction’, ‘Manufacturing’,
and ‘Electricity, Gas, Water Supply & other Utility Services’, and the services sector comprises ‘Trade, Repair, Hotels and
Restaurants’, ‘Transport, Storage, Communication & Services related to Broadcasting’, ‘Financial Services’, ‘Real Estate,
Ownership of Dwelling, & Professional Services’, ‘Public Administration’, and ‘Other Services’.

10. In this chapter, we divide the economy into the agriculture and allied sectors (primary sector minus the mining and quarrying
subsector), the industrial sector (secondary sector plus the mining and quarrying subsector), and the services sector (tertiary
sector). The Gross Value Added (GVA) of any unit (sector, sub-sector, firm, etc) measures the contribution of that unit to the
overall output of a country or state. It is calculated by subtracting the value of all intermediate goods and services from the
total value of units output. This is done to remove any ‘double counting’. For instance, assume that a firm buys oranges and
sells orange juice. The value of the oranges should be subtracted while calculating the firm’s gross value added, as this is
already included in the final value of the orange juice.

Macroeconomic Trends 17
Figure 2.8 Sectoral Composition As reflected in Figures 2.8 and 2.9, the Industrial
sector contributes less to Telangana’s economy
of GSVA at Current Prices for
than it does to India’s economy. However, the
Telangana (2014-15 to 2022-23) Industrial sector in the state is very vibrant. As the
2014-15 16.3% 22.4% 61.3% Government of Telangana State recognizes that
2015-16 14.3% 23.6% 62.2%
industrial development is crucial to job creation and
2016-17 14.8% 21.5% 63.6%
2017-18 14.9% 22.2% 62.9% increasing productivity in other sectors, it has taken
2018-19… 14.7% 23.5% 61.8% up several measures to ensure sustained growth of
2019-20… 18.0% 20.8% 61.2%
the industrial sector. This includes business reforms
2020-21… 20.1% 19.7% 60.1%
2021-22… 18.7% 19.7% 61.5% like TS-iPASS, schemes for entrepreneurship like
2022-23… 18.2% 19.0% 62.8% T-IDEA and T-PRIDE, and multiple initiatives for
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% the MSME sector including Industrial Health Clinics,
Agriculture & Allied Sectors Industries Services TS-Globalinker, and partnerships with private
Source: MoSPI, GoI. companies like SAP and Sapio Analytics. The
investments made by the Government towards
Figure 2.9 Sectoral Composition
strengthening of the industrial sector have started
of GVA at Current Prices for reaping results. Telangana ranks second among
India (2014-15 to 2022-23) the major states in the India Innovation Index 2021
released by National Institution for Transforming
2014-15 18.2% 30.0% 51.8% India (NITI Aayog). In addition to these T-Hub
2015-16 17.7% 30.0% 52.3%
2016-17 18.0% 29.3% 52.6%
Foundation was awarded the best incubator in the
2017-18 18.3% 29.2% 52.5% ecosystem enablers category in the National Startup
2018-19… 17.6% 29.1% 53.3%
Awards 2022 declared by StartupIndia, Ministry of
2019-20… 18.3% 26.9% 54.8%
2020-21… 20.0% 26.9% 53.1% Commerce and Industry, Government of India. These
2021-22… 18.6% 28.7% 52.7% benefits will continue to accrue for many years to
2022-23… 18.1% 28.5% 53.4%
come. Details of these schemes are discussed in the
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
chapter on Industries.
Agriculture & Allied Sectors Industries Services
The Services sector accounted for 62.8% of the state’s
Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation,
Government of India value added in 2022-23, and is therefore, one of the
most important sectors in Telangana’s economy. Its
The share of the Agriculture and Allied sectors in share in the state’s nominal GSVA (62.8%) is larger
the total GSVA of the state increased from 16.3% than the share of this sector in India’s nominal GVA
in 2014-15 to 18.2% in 2022-23, while its share in (53.4%).
the national GVA remained largely constant (around
18% in both years). The increase in the contribution 2.4.2 Sectoral Growth Rates
of this sector to Telangana’s economy was driven by
Figures 2.10 and 2.11 reflect the sector-wise growth
the significant increase in its nominal growth rate –
rates at current prices from 2014-15 to 2022-23 for
from negative 0.7% in 2014-15 to 11.9% in 2022-23
Telangana and India respectively.
(see Figure 2.10).

18 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Figure 2.10 Sector-wise Growth Rate of GVA at Current Prices for
Telangana (2014-15 to 2022-23)
40.0%
37.1%
35.0%
30.0%
25.0% 20.9% 20.5%
16.6%
20.0% 18.1% 19.8% 17.5%
12.7% 17.5%
15.0% 13.9% 17.9%
15.3% 15.9% 13.3%
10.8% 11.9%
10.0% 12.1% 12.2% 10.5%
5.0% 1.5% 9.7%
3.4%
0.0% -0.7% -0.5% -0.6% -0.4%
-5.0% 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
(TRE) (SRE) (FRE) -4.1% (PE) (PAE/FAE)
-10.0%

Agriculture & Allied Sectors Industries Services

Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India.

Figure 2.11 Sector-wise Growth Rate of GVA at Current Prices for

India (2014-15 to 2022-23)

30.0%

25.0%
26.1%
20.0% 17.2%
17.5%
15.0% 13.7% 13.1% 10.5% 10.2%
10.4% 12.4% 15.0%
8.7% 11.7% 10.8% 7.5%
10.0% 12.4% 12.5%
9.2% 9.9% 10.3%
10.9%
5.0% 8.1% 8.8%
6.4% 7.1%
0.0%
-1.1% -1.6%
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
-5.0% -4.7%
(TRE) (SRE) (FRE) (PE) (PAE/FAE)
-10.0%

Agriculture & Allied Sectors Industries Services

Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India

The sharp recovery achieved by the Industries and Services sectors in India in 2021-22 after being hit severely
by the pandemic in 2020-21, continued in the year 2022-23 as well. The Services sector recorded a higher
growth rate in 2022-23 as compared with the previous year. The Industries sector recorded a growth rate of
15.0% in 2022-23. However, this growth was 11.1 percentage points less than the previous year’s growth,
partially on account of the disturbances in the global supply chain. The Agriculture & Allied sectors grew by
12.5% in India in 2022-23 that is a 2.2 percentage points higher than the growth rate in 2021-22 (10.3%) (see
Figure 2.11).

In Telangana, the robust growth achieved by the Agriculture and Allied sectors during the pandemic and after
continued in 2022-23 as well. The sector grew by 11.9% in 2022-23 in comparison with 9.7% in 2021-22 – an
improvement of 2.2 percentage points between the two years (see Figure 2.10).

Macroeconomic Trends 19
Telangana’s Agriculture and Allied sector has, in fact,
2.4.3 Sectoral Contribution to
on an average, been on an upward growth path for
Growth Rates of Gross Value
the past eight years, with its current price growth
rate increasing by 12.6 percentage points from 2014-
Added
15 to 2022-23. This has been achieved through a Figures 2.12 and 2.13 reflect the contribution of
multitude of factors including new irrigation schemes the three sectors towards the current-price GVA
such as the Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Project and growth in Telangana and India between 2014-15
Mission Kakatiya, and innovative agricultural support to 2022-23. In Telangana, except the year 2020-
policies like the Rythu Bandhu Scheme, insurance 21, the growth of GSVA has been driven mainly by
policies (Rythu Bima), and 24*7 free power supply to service sector growth. The agriculture and allied
the agriculture and allied sector. sector, supported by the Government’s policies like
Rythu Bandhu and Rythu Bima schemes, has seen a
Policies like the Rythu Bandhu Scheme have not
resurgence as an important contributor to economic
only benefited the primary sector, but have also
growth in Telangana since 2016-17. For India too, the
had spillover effects on the secondary and tertiary
Services sector has been the key driver of economic
sectors. Direct Benefit Transfers (DBTs) into the
growth in all years except 2020-21.
accounts of the farmers under Rythu Bandhu, for
instance, have led to increased liquidity in the hands Figure 2.12 Contribution of
of the farming households. This in turn has been
Sectors to GSVA Growth at
utilised by the farmers for buying goods produced by
Current Prices for Telangana
the industrial sector, and for availing services, thus
creating knock-on effects for non-farming sectors as
(2014-15 to 2022-23)
well.
12.3%

The Industrial sector in Telangana, which experienced 7.7%

10.8%
9.4% 9.9% 7.7%
a robust recovery from the pandemic in 2021-22, 10.4%
6.7%

grew at 10.5% in 2022-23 (see Figure 2.10). The 2.4%

-0.2%
growth rate of the Industrial sector in Telangana, 0.4% 0.8%
3.6% 4.6%
5.5% -0.9% 3.5% 2.1%
4.4%
2.5%
as in the case of India, was lower in 2022-23 than -0.1% -0.1% 2.1% 1.9% -0.1% 2.0% 2.2%
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
in 2021-22. This decrease can be attributed to a (TRE) (SRE) (FRE) (PE) (PAE/FAE)

Agriculture & Allied Sectors Industries Services

host of factors such as the unstable world economic
scenario and disturbance in global supply chains Source: MoSPI, GoI.

due to the Russia-Ukraine war, China’s zero COVID

Figure 2.13 Contribution of
policy, & high inflation and interest rates. However,
Telangana experienced a much smaller decline in the
Sectors to GVA Growth at
growth rate of the sector in 2022-23 (7.4%) than the Current Prices for India
decline experienced at the national level (11.2%). (2014-15 to& Allied
Agriculture 2022-23)
Sectors Industries Services

9.1%
The Services sector in Telangana experienced a
9.2%
17.5% growth in the GVA at current prices in 2022-
6.1%
23 (see Figure 2.10). While the Services sector was 6.9%
5.4%
5.7% 6.5%

the worst hit during the pandemic in 2020-21, the 5.3% 7.0%
4.3%
2.6% 3.1%
nominal GSVA of the sector in 2022-23 was 41.1% 2.5%
1.6%
2.8%
2.3% 2.2%
3.0%
1.9% 2.1% 2.3%
1.2% 1.3% 1.4%
higher than its pre-pandemic GVA (2019-20). This 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
(TRE)
2019-20
(SRE)
2020-21
(FRE)
2021-22
(PE)
2022-23
(PAE/FAE)
-0.4%
reflects a strong resurgence in the demand for -0.3%
-2.6%
Agriculture & Allied Sectors Industries Services
services produced in Telangana (see Figure 2.10).
Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation,
Government of India 

20 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

2.5 District level indicators 2.5.2 Per Capita Income
2.5.1 Gross District Domestic Figure 2.15 reflects the per-capita incomes of all
33 districts in Telangana in the year 2020-21.
Product (GDDP)
Even though there was variation between the Per
The district-level contribution to the state’s GSDP is Capita Incomes (PCI) of the 33 districts, all districts
an important metric used to understand the relative in the state had a higher per-capita income than
economic sizes of the different districts within the the country’s PCI in 2020-21 (Rs. 1,26,855). The
state. As Figure 2.14 shows, all districts do not PCI of Rangareddy (Rs. 6,69,102), the district with
contribute equally towards Telangana’s GSDP. the highest per-capita income in the state in 2020-
Additionally, there were large differences in the 21, was more than 5 times the national per-capita
extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic affected income in that year. The PCI of Hanumakonda (Rs.
different districts. However, despite the economic 1,30,821), the district with the lowest per-capita
devastation caused by the pandemic, 15 out of the income in the state in 2020-21, was Rs 3,966 more
33 districts recorded a positive nominal growth in than the national per-capita income in that year.
their GDDP in 2020-21, and 16 districts recorded a
Even in the midst of the pandemic (in 2020-21), 22
growth rate higher than the national nominal GDP
districts (close to 70% of all districts) had a nominal
growth rate in that year (-1.4%).
PCI growth rate higher than the national nominal PCI
Figure 2.14 Gross District growth rate in that year (-3.98%).
Domestic Product at Current
Figure 2.15 Per-Capita Income
Prices for Telangana’s Districts
at Current Prices for Telangana’s
(Rs. Crore) (2020-21 FRE)
Districts (2020-21)

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of

Telangana

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of

Telangana

11. The figures reported here reflect LFPR as per usual status for the working age population between 15 and 59 years of age.
Same specifications hold for WPR and UR.

Macroeconomic Trends 21
2.6 Employment Figure 2.17 Labour Force
Participation Rate in Telangana
A key manifestation of macroeconomic growth
in the life of the citizens is a steady rise in the
and India by Gender (2020-21)
employment opportunities, reflecting the needs
80.4% 81.2%
of a strong economy. This is measured using three
key indicators - the Labour Force Participation Rate
(LFPR), the Worker Population Ratio (WPR) and the
50.0%
Unemployment Rate (UR). Telangana’s performance
on all of these indicators has been considerably good. 35.2%

2.6.1 Labour Force Participation

Rate (LFPR)
Telangana All-India
LFPR measures the percentage of the adult, Male Female
working-age population (between 15 and 59
Source: Periodic labour Force Survey, 2020-21
years of age) which is either employed or looking
for employment. A high LFPR is an indicator of
confidence in the economy. According to the Periodic
2.6.2 Worker Population Ratio
Labour Force Survey (PLFS), in 2020-21, Telangana (WPR)
had an LFPR11 of 65.4%, as opposed to 58.4% at the
The WPR measures the percentage of employed
national level (see Figure 2.16). For Telangana, both
persons in the population. A high and growing
rural and urban LFPR are higher than their national
WPR implies that the economy is producing jobs
counterparts. The rural LFPR is approximately 11.8
percentage points higher in Telangana than in India, that match the skills and needs of the population.
while the urban LFPR in the state is approximately Telangana’s Worker Population Ratio (WPR) for the
2.0 percentage points higher than in India. 15-59 age category stood at 62% in 2020-21 – an
increase of 2.3 percentage points from its value in
Additionally, both genders in Telangana had an LFPR
2019-20. As in the case of LFPR, Telangana’s WPR
value either higher or almost at par with their national
level counterparts. The female LFPR for Telangana, was also higher than the national WPR (55.7%)
at 50.0% (see figure 2.17), was considerably higher in 2020-21. The rural WPR (shown in Figure 2.18)
than that at the national level (35.2%), and the male was 11.4 percentage points higher than the national
LFPR in Telangana (80.4%) was almost at par with rural WPR, and the urban WPR was 1.3 percentage
that at the national level (81.2%). points higher than the national level.

Figure 2.16 Labour Force Telangana had a female WPR of 47.7% – 13.8
Participation Rate in Telangana percentage points higher than national female
and India by Rural-Urban WPR (33.9%) (see Figure 2.19). The male LFPR in
(2020-21) Telangana was marginally lower than the national
average for males.
72.2%
65.4%
60.4% 58.4%
55.7% 53.7%

Rural LFPR Urban LFPR Overall LFPR

Telangana All-India
Source: Periodic labour Force Survey, 2020-21

22 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Figure 2.18 Worker Population Figure 2.21 Unemployment Rate
Ratio in Telangana and India by in Telangana by Gender (2019-
Rural-Urban (2020-21) 20 and 2020-21)
69.6% 8.4%
58.2% 62.0%
51.2% 55.7%
49.9% 6.1%
5.5%
4.5%

Rural WPR Urban WPR Overall WPR Male Female

Telangana India 2019-20 2020-21

Source: Periodic Labour Force Surveys, 2019-20 and 2020-21

Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey, 2020-21

The unemployment rate in the state has been on a

Figure 2.19 Worker Population declining trajectory, showing that the economy did
Ratio in Telangana and India by not just weather the shocks of the pandemic without
Gender (2020-21) any long-term damages, but is also geared for
tremendous future growth. More recent data reflects
76.0% 77.2%
that there was an 8.2 percentage point decline in
47.7% the Urban unemployment rate according to current
33.9%
weekly status (Four quarters moving average)
between the October-December 2020 quarter and
Male Female the July-September 2022 quarter (see Figure 2.22).

Figure 2.22 Urban

Telangana India
Unemployment rate according
Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey, 2020-21 to current weekly status in
Telangana (Quarterly Moving
2.6.3 Unemployment Rate (UR) Average)
15.9 15.5
Data from PLFS reflects that between 2019-20
12.4
and 2020-21, the unemployment rate in Telangana 10.9 10.2
9.2
8.0
declined from 7.5% to 5.1% among the working 7.7

age population (15-59 years) (see Figure 2.20).

Compared to 2019-20, unemployment rates have
fallen in both rural and urban areas, and for men as Oct-Dec Jan-Mar April-June July-Sept Oct-Dec Jan-Mar April-June July-Sept
2020 2021 2021 2021 2021 2022 2022 2022
well as women as shown in Figures 2.20 and 2.21.

Figure 2.20 Unemployment Rate Source: Quarterly Periodic labour Force Survey

in Telangana by Rural-Urban In the absence of PLFS data beyond July-September

(2019-20 and 2020-21) 2022, the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy
10.7% (CMIE) data has been used to gauge the recent trends
8.0% 7.5% in unemployment in the state. CMIE’s database
5.7% 5.1% suggests that the unemployment rate in Telangana
3.6%
fell from 9.9% in April 2022 to 4.1% in December
2022.
Rural Urban Overall

2019-20 2020-21

Source: Periodic Labour Force Surveys, 2019-20 and 2020-21

Macroeconomic Trends 23
 Figure 2.23 Unemployment rate Government’s continued support for the industrial
in Telangana From April 2022 to sector, improving Ease of Doing Business, offering
December 2022 subsidies to new entrepreneurs through T-IDEA
and T-PRIDE, and encouraging the IT/ITES sector,
9.9 9.4 10.0
8.6 8.8 has helped create high-quality jobs in the state.
6.9 Declining unemployment rates, alongside substantial
5.8 6.0
4.1
improvements in job quality, are indicative of the
conduciveness of the labour market of the state to
Apr May Jun Jul 2022 Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec future economic growth.
2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022
Figure 2.25 Terms of
Source: Unemployment Rate Monthly time series, CMIE Employment of Regular
and Salaried Jobs in Non-
2.6.4 Employment in the Major
Sectors of the Economy Agricultural Sector in Telangana
(2019-20 to 2020-21)
Of all sectors, agriculture is the largest employer,
50.9%
providing livelihood to 45.8% of all working adults. 45.2% 46.9%
39.9% 40.8%
This is followed by the services sector, which 36.2%
employs a third of all workers in the state. The share
of industries in total employment of the state is lower
than the share of national employment, reflecting the
Fig 2.24 Sector-wise Employment in Telangana and India (2020-21)
state’s leap-frogging
Telangana India from an agrarian to a services-
led&economy.
Agriculture Allied Sectors
45.79 46.46
Written Job Paid Leave Social Security
Industries 21.00 23.89
Contract Benefits
Figure 2.24 Sector-wise
Services 33.21 29.64

2019-20 2020-21
Employment in Telangana and
Source: PLFS 2020-21, Table (27)
[Link]

India (2020-21) Source: Periodic Labour Force Surveys, 2019-20 and 2020-21

Telangana 45.8 21.0 33.2

2.7 Way Forward
With a vision to achieve Bangaru Telangana(Golden
India 46.5 23.9 29.6 State), the initiatives taken by the Government
are now evolving into best practices in economic
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
development. The youngest state of the country has
achieved major milestones in development within
Agriculture & Allied Sectors Industries Services
no time, by following its own kind – “The Telangana

Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey, 2020-21

Model”. The seeds of the Government’s social
overhead capital investment in power and irrigation
2.6.5 Terms of Employment projects during the initial years of state formation now
The terms of employment available to the workers in bear fruits in terms of high agricultural productivity
the state have improved over time (see Figure 2.25). and vibrant economic activity. Economic vibrancy is
In 2020-21, 50.9% workers were eligible for paid further augmented through the implementation of
leave against 45.2% in 2019-20, and 46.9% workers industry-friendly policies, thereby taking the state to
enjoyed social security benefits like pensions and the top in the country in terms of the ease of doing
access to health care, against 40.8% in 2019-20. business.
There has been a 5.7 percentage point increase in
access to paid leaves among regular wage/salaried By adopting an integrated development approach
employees, and a 6.1 percentage point increase in rather than banking on piecemeal reforms, the state
individuals receiving Social Security Benefits. The has been able to achieve growth that is distributed

24 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

equitably, and has helped to improve the standard the standards of living, as reflected in the state’s Per
of living of the citizens . Right from its inception, the
12
Capita Income as well. As next steps, the Government
Government of Telangana has introduced welfare is taking initiatives for investments in the human
schemes that aim at bringing people out of the poverty capital. With Mana Uru Mana Badi, the construction
trap by providing them with avenues for increasing of Super Specialty Hospitals, and the establishment
their productivity, rather than endless benefits with of new medical colleges, the Government aims at
no addition to human capacity. Dalit Bandhu, Rythu new breakthroughs in education and health, which,
Bandhu, Sheep Distribution, Kalyana Laxmi, KCR in the long run, would lead to ripple effects and
Kit, etc. are stellar examples of the same. These higher economic growth across all major sectors of
efforts have resulted in enormous improvements in the economy.

12 As per Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) by Niti Ayog 2021,Telangana showed exceptional improvement on various
indicators between 2015-16 and 2019-21. 88% more people have access to drinking water between 2015-16 to 2019-21.
Improved cooking fuel is used by 75% more people in this period. 61% more people have bank accounts in the same period,
Sanitation has improved by 52%, Housing has improved by 23%. Niti Ayog uses Indicators : Cooking Fuel, Sanitation, Drinking
Water, Electricity, Housing, Assets, Bank Account from NFHS 2015-16 and NFHS 2019-21 surveys to determine standard of
living.

Macroeconomic Trends 25
 CHAPTER

3
PUBLIC
FINANCE

26 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

 Key Highlights
The following key highlights are based for Telangana is 78.1%, which is
on the averages of various indicators the highest among India GS. The
between 2018-19 and 2020-21. average for India GS stands at
68.4%.
l Telangana’s State own tax
revenues (SOTR) as a proportion l In per capita terms, leaving out Goa
of Gross State Domestic Product which is an outlier, Telangana’s
(GSDP) is 7.21% which is the average per capita Development
second highest among 18 General Expenditure (Rs. 26,897) is the
States in the country (India GS). highest among India GS. The
average for India GS is Rs. 20,233.
l Telangana’s SOTR accounted for
65.4 % of its Revenue Receipts on l Total outstanding liabilities to GSDP
average, higher than the average ratio of Telangana is 24.7%, which
of India GS (48%). is lower than India GS average
(29.7%).
l In per capita terms, leaving out Goa
which is an outlier, Telangana’s l Telangana’s SOTR average monthly
average per capita Revenue (Rs. receipts rose in 2022–2023 (April
27,305) is the highest among India to Dec) to Rs. 8,804 crore when
GS. The average for India GS is Rs. compared to the same period of the
23,788. previous year which is Rs. 7,226
crore.
l Telangana recorded the highest
SOTR growth rate amongst the l Telangana’s Capital Outlay
India GS, at an Average Annual recorded a robust growth of 63% in
Growth Rate (AAGR) of 4.78% 2021-22 as per revised estimates
which is more than three times that (Rs.25,954 crore) over 2020-21
of the India GS average (1.5%). (Rs. 15,922 crore), providing the
necessary support to the recovering
l The share of Development economy.
Expenditure in Total Expenditure

Public Finance 27
3.1 Introduction compared to 41.0% recommended by the FFC.

The FFC in its 2020-21 report recommended special

Management of fiscal resources by the government
grants for Telangana, Karnataka and Mizoram
(Public Finance) plays the most important role in
(amounting to Rs. 6,764 crore) to ensure that no
the development and growth of the nation. The key
state receives less tax devolution than devolution
components of public finance are revenue collection,
in 2019-20. However, the Centre did not accept this
budget preparation, public expenditure and debt
recommendation. Also, FFC in its 2021-26 report
management.
recommended Sector specific grants of Rs. 3,024
Public financial management requires appropriate crore (Rs. 624 crore for the health sector, Rs. 255
planning, resource allocation, and managing adverse crore for maintenance of PMGSY roads, Rs. 46 crore
situations through formulating policies to ensure for improving the quality of statistics, Rs. 245 crore
sustainable growth. In this chapter, the fiscal profile for judiciary, Rs. 189 crore for higher education, and
of the State is examined in comparison to other Rs. 1,665 crore for undertaking agricultural reforms)
states by analysing indicators pertaining to revenue, for Telangana.
expenditure and deficit/debt along with the relevant
In addition, State specific grants of Rs. 2,362 crore
context wherever necessary. Initiatives taken by the
(Rs. 2,350 crore for operation and maintenance of
Government have also been highlighted.
Mission Bhagiratha and Rs. 12 crore for revamping
The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the the infrastructure of the Administrative Staff
Government to increase expenditures and realign College of India) were recommended for Telangana
existing expenditure priorities in order to save lives. between 2021-26 . These recommendations were
The economic slowdown had the twin effect of a also not accepted by the Centre. This is in contrast
decrease in revenue receipts and an increase in to the norm wherein The Finance Commission’s
revenue expenditure. Since 2014, the State registered recommendations, while not legally binding, are
the lowest revenue growth rate during 2020-21. generally considered as awards by the Centre.

According to the Constitution, cess and surcharge do Further aggravating the situation, just when the
not form part of the divisible pool. Taking advantage economy has started to recover, the Centre has
of this, the Centre has been levying cesses and imposed cuts in market borrowings. Telangana
surcharges in an increasingly aggressive manner, budgeted to borrow 53,970 crore during 2021-22.
compromising the State’s interest. In 1980-81, However, the Centre has decided to treat off-budget
the Centre received 2.3% of gross tax revenue borrowings where principal and/or interest are to
as cesses and surcharges; however, by 2020-21, be serviced out of the State budget as borrowings
this percentage had increased to 20.1%, further made by the State itself from 2021-22, resulting in a
constraining the efforts of the State in mitigating the reduction of borrowing limit of the State.
impact of COVID-19 (See annexure for detailed table
Though the FFC did not make any recommendation
on cess and surcharge on different tax revenues).
to this effect, it has only recommended that the
With the assumption that there will be no further government should observe strict discipline by
change in the current structure, The Fifteenth resisting further additions to the existing off-budget
Finance Commission (FFC) estimated that cesses borrowings. It is important to note that most of the
and surcharges would amount to an average of State’s extra budgetary spending has been on large
18.4% of gross tax revenue between 2021-22 and infrastructure projects which drive growth of the
2025-26. As a result, States are being deprived of economy.
their due share in tax devolution as recommended
Similar scenario is observed in grants from the
by successive Finance Commissions. Tax devolution
Centre. As per section 94 (2) of Andhra Pradesh
to States as a percentage of gross tax revenue
Reorganisation Act, the Centre is supposed to give
of the Centre came down to 29.6% in 2022-23 as

28 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

grants for backward districts to the State. However, the State is yet to receive grants amounting to Rs 1350
crore for the years 2019-20, 2021-22 and 2022-23.

3.2 Telangana Budget 2022-23 Summary

The fiscal policy for the year 2022-23 is intended to sustain the revival of the economy and put the economy
on a higher growth trajectory. The government adopted a pragmatic approach by gradually expanding its
spending. Telangana has budgeted Rs. 2,56,859 crore for the year 2022-23 which is 22.3% higher than 2021-
22 revised estimates (RE). After securing the welfare of the most disadvantaged, the focus of government
spending switched to beneficial capital expenditure. The capital expenditure has been budgeted at a higher
level (Rs 29,728 crore) as in 2021-22 (Rs 25,955) despite making large allocations for welfare schemes.

After successfully managing to mitigate the impact of COVID-19, the State was left with a revenue deficit 1

of Rs. 22,298 crore in 2020-21. In 2021-22, the economy started to recover and the State’s revenues have
managed to bounce back. Expecting that the growth momentum will pick up further and to meet the increased
expenditure requirements, revenue receipts have been budgeted at Rs.1,93,029 crore for 2022-23 which is
23.6% higher than 2021-22 RE (Rs.1,56,127 crore) (see Table 3.1).

Additionally, the Government expects an increase in tax revenues by plugging leakages and expanding the
tax base to fully exploit the tax potential available under various heads without imposing any burden on the
common man. Non-tax revenue is also expected to increase with the proposed monetization of lands and focus
on revenue from mines and minerals. With these planned initiatives, the Government intends to continue the
path of fiscal consolidation and expects revenue surplus in both 2021-22 (Rs. 4,395 crore) and 2022-23 (Rs
3,755 crore).

Table 3.1 : Telangana Budget at a Glance 2022-23 (Rs. in Crore)

Accounts RE % change from

Items BE 2022-23 RE 2021-22 to
2020-21 2021-22 BE 2022-23
1 Revenue Receipts 1,00,914 1,56,127 1,93,029 23.6%
2 Capital Receipts 58,316 53,750 63,832 18.8%
3 Total Receipts 1,59,231 2,09,877 2,56,862 22.4%
4 Revenue Expenditure 1,23,212 1,51,732 1,89,275 24.7%
5 Capital Expenditure 15,922 25,955 29,728 14.5%
6 Loans and Advances 10,868 23,256 26,253 12.9%
7 Capital Disbursements 7,545 9,039 11,602 28.3%
8 Total Expenditure 1,57,547 2,09,983 2,56,859 22.3%
9 Revenue Surplus -22,298 4,395 3,755 -14.6%
10 Fiscal Deficit 49,038 44,766 52,167 16.5%
Source: Telangana Budget at a Glance 2022-23

3.3 Comparative Fiscal Profile of Telangana

Telangana’s fiscal performance is strong and favourably contrasts with that of the rest of India, despite being
the youngest state in India. Importantly, this makes it possible for the government to launch comprehensive
welfare programmes that benefit all eligible households.

1 Revenue deficit - revenue expenditure exceeding revenue receipts

Public Finance 29
In this section, financial data from 2018-19 to 2020- Per capita revenue receipts for a state is calculated
21 is examined and compared with equivalent figures by dividing the State’s revenue receipts by its
from other general states in India, represented by population. In per capita terms, leaving out Goa
India GS2. This nomenclature and approach of taking which is an outlier, Telangana’s average per capita
a three year average3 of the most recent years for
revenue receipts (Rs. 27,305) for 2018-21 is the
which audited accounts are available is in line with
highest among India GS. The overall average for
the methodology adopted by the FFC to compute
India GS for 2018-21 is Rs. 23,788 (Figure 3.2).
financial indicators of states as the basis for its
recommendations. Figure 3.2: Average per capita
3.3.1 Revenue Revenue Receipts
(2018-21 average) in Rupees
[Link] Composition
Revenue receipts and capital receipts are the two Goa 70,502

categories of the government’s resources. Revenue Telangana 27,305

receipts are accrued through tax and non-tax Kerala 26,636

sources, transfers and grants from the Centre. Capital Karnataka 25,189

receipts comprises borrowings, debt repayment Chhattisgarh 24,189

receipts, receipts from sale of assets etc. The State India GS avg 23,788

budgeted revenue receipts of Rs. 1,93,029 crore Haryana 23,404

(75.1% of total receipts) and capital receipts of Rs. Odisha 23,055

63,832 crore (24.9% of total receipts) in 2022-23. Tamil Nadu 23,002

Maharashtra 22,698

During 2018-21, the State’s financial self-sufficiency Gujarat 22,425

in comparison to other states is reflected by the fact Andhra Pradesh 21,884

that the State’s own revenue4 accounts for 73.1% of Punjab 21,528

revenue receipts, which is much higher than the India West Bengal 19,900

GS average of 56.5%. The State’s own tax revenue Madhya Pradesh 18,019

(SOTR) accounted for 65.4% of revenue receipts, Rajasthan 17,791

this is higher than the average of India GS, which is Jharkhand 15,216

48.0% (Figure 3.1). Uttar Pradesh 14,714

Figure 3.1: Comparison of

Bihar 10,718

Per Capita Revenue 2018-21 (in Rupees)

Revenue components: Telangana

vs India GS average (2018-21 Source: RBI State Finances: A Study of Budgets, Population
Projections for India and States 2011-2036, Ministry of Health and
average) Family Welfare 2011- 36

Within SOTR, state goods and services tax (SGST)

65.4%

48.0%

(34.5%) and sales tax (33.3%) are the largest

components. Sales tax (VAT) and excise revenue for
25.5%

2018-21 are significantly higher than the India GS

18.0%
15.4%

11.6%

average (Figure 3.3).

8.5%
7.7%

State Own Tax revenue State Own Non-tax Revenue Share in Central Taxes Grants from the Centre

Telangana India GS avg

Source: RBI State Finances: A Study of Budgets

2 General States include 18 Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Jharkhand,
Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh and
West Bengal.

3 3 year average of 2018-19, 2019-20 and 2020-21

4. State’s Own Revenue = State’s Own Tax + Non Tax Revenue

30 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Figure 3.3: Composition of Figure 3.5: Tax to GSDP ratio:
State’s Own Tax Revenue: Telangana vs India GS average
Telangana vs India GS average (2018-21 average)
(2018-21 average)

7.42%
7.21%
6.07%
42.7%

3.13%
2.53%

2.53%
2.50%

2.44%
34.5%

1.65%
1.48%
33.3%

1.33%

1.03%
0.82%

0.62%
0.58%

0.48%
0.40%
0.35%
25.9%

State Own Tax SGST Sales Tax State Excise Stamps and Motor vehicles tax
Revenue Registration Fees
18.2%
Tax revenue compositions
14.0%
11.5% Highest state Telangana India GS avg

8.5%
5.4% 5.9%
Source: RBI State Finances: A Study of Budgets

SGST Sales Tax State Excise Stamps and

Registration Fees
Motor vehicles tax [Link] Impact of COVID-19 on
Tax revenue compositions

Telangana India GS avg

Revenue in 2020-21
Source: RBI State Finances: A Study of Budgets
Total revenue receipts budgeted for 2020-21 was
Rs. 1,43,152 crore, out of which the State’s own tax
[Link] Tax Growth
revenue was Rs. 85,300 crore which was 26% more
Telangana’s average annual growth rate (AAGR) in
stamps & registration fees, excise, and SGST revenue than the previous year and the State own non-tax
streams exceeded India GS average growth rate in revenue was Rs. 30,600 crore.
the period 2018-21. It is worth noting that the State
The pandemic has led to a decrease in government
had the highest SOTR growth rate among the India
GS between 2018-21, with an AAGR of 4.78%, more revenue from taxes and other sources, which has
than three times that of the India GS average of 1.5% put pressure on the State’s public finances. The
(Figure 3.4) State could not receive the anticipated tax revenue,
but was able to achieve nearly equal tax revenues
Figure 3.4: Average annual in 2020-21 compared to 2019-20 due to prudent
growth rate of tax revenue:
Telangana vs India GS average fiscal management. The State received Rs. 66,650
crore in tax revenue in 2020-21, compared to Rs.
(2018-21 average)
18.61%
67,597 crore in 2019-20 (Figure 3.6). The State saw
15.16% an increase in tax revenue collection in 2021-22 and
13.06%
11.94%
10.20% 2022-23 (Figure 3.7), indicating a recovery from the
8.39%

4.78% loss caused by COVID-19.

1.50%

SOTR SGST State Excise Stamps and Registration

-1.92% -1.16%
Figure 3.6: Comparison of
Telangana tax revenue between
Fees
-3.30% Motor vehicles tax

-9.03%
Sales Tax 2019-20 and 2020-21 (Rs in
Crore)
Tax revenue compositions Telangana India GS avg

Source: RBI State Finances: A Study of Budgets

67,597
66,650

The Tax-to-GSDP ratio is the proportion of a state’s

tax revenue to its Gross State Domestic Product
(GSDP). This ratio is used to assess how well a
23,517
22,190

20,904
20,674

14,370

state’s government manages its economic resources.

11,992

6,671
5,243

3,935
3,338

Telangana with its SOTR to GSDP ratio of 7.21% is

the second highest among India GS, whereas India SOTR SGST Sales tax Excise Stamps and Taxes on
Registration Vehicles
GS average is 6.07% .Telangana’s Tax to GSDP ratio 2019-20 2020-21 Fees

for stamps and registration, state excise, and the Source: RBI State Finances: A Study of Budgets
motor vehicle tax is greater than India’s GS average
(Figure 3.5).

Public Finance 31
Figure 3.7: Quarterly comparisons of State’s Own Tax Revenue
compositions (Rs. incomparisons
Figure 3.7: Quarterly Crore) of State's Own Tax Revenue compositions (Rs. in
Crore)

Source:ofFinance
Source: Finance Department, Government TelanganaDepartment, Government of Telangana

11

32 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

[Link] Quarterly Revenue of total expenditure), of which capital outlay is Rs.
29,728 crore (44%).
Comparison for Telangana
(2020-21 to 2022-23) State’s capital outlay recorded a robust growth of
63% in 2021-22 as per revised estimates (Rs. 25,954
Beginning in March 2020, the State saw a decrease
crore) over 2020-21 (Rs. 15,922 crore), providing the
in revenue in key taxes due to COVID-19. Following
necessary support to the recovering economy. The
a decline in revenues in 2020-21, revenue recovery
State has budgeted for a 15% increase in capital
was observed in all of the major individual taxes that
outlay in 2022-23 over 2021-22 RE.
comprise SOTR - sales tax (VAT), states goods and
services tax (SGST), stamps and registration fees, [Link] Development and Non-
motor vehicle tax and excise in both 2021-22 and Development Expenditure
2022-23.
Total expenditure can also be divided into
• SOTR revenue increased by 48% in the first development expenditure and non-development
quarter of 2022-23 compared to the same expenditure. Development expenditure includes
period the previous year. spending on Social services (Education, Health,
Welfare, Housing, and so on) as well as Economic
• SOTR revenue increased by 14% in the second
services (Agriculture, Forestry, Industry, Transport,
quarter of 2022-23 and 11% in the third quarter
etc.). Non-development expenditure includes
of 2022-23 compared to the same period the
spending on General services (Fiscal Services,
previous year.
Administrative Services, etc.).
• SOTR average monthly receipts rose in 2022–
Telangana has the highest share of development
2023 (April to Dec) to Rs. 8,804 crore when
expenditure in total expenditure (78.1%) among
compared to the same period of the previous
India GS in the 2018-21 period (Figure 3.9). India GS
year which is Rs. 7,226 crore.
average share of development expenditure is 68.4%
3.3.2 Expenditure during the same period (Figure 3.8).

The budgeted total expenditure of Telangana for the Figure 3.8: Expenditure
FY 2022-23 is Rs. 2,56,859 crores, which includes Composition for Telangana
both revenue and capital expenditure. Revenue vs India GS average (2018-21
expenditure is defined as spending that does not
average)
result in the creation of assets and is primarily
recurring in nature. This includes salaries, wages,
21.9%
pensions, grants, and operational expenses, as well 31.6%

as spending on key schemes like Rythu Bandhu,

Aasara Pensions, and other schemes. The budgeted
revenue expenditure for FY 2022-23 is expected to
be Rs. 1,89,275 crores, accounting for 74% of total 78.1%
68.4%
expenditure.

On the other hand, capital expenditure is usually

one-time and spread out over a long period of
Telangana India GS avg
time, either resulting in the creation of assets
(capital outlay) or the reduction of liabilities (loan Development Expenditure Non-Development Expenditure
repayments). The estimated capital expenditure of
Source: RBI State Finances: A Study of Budgets
the State for FY 2022-23 is Rs. 67,584 crore (26%

Public Finance 33
During 2018-21, the State’s economic services
Figure 3.10: Comparison of Per
expenditure as a share of development expenditure
Capita Development Expenditure
was 46.3%, which was close to India’s GS share of
44.6%. During 2018-21, the State’s social service
(2018-21 average) in Rupees
expenditure as a share of development expenditure
was 53.7%, which was close to India’s GS average Goa 59,770
Telangana 26,897
share of 55.4%.
Karnataka 24,040
Figure: 3.9 Development Haryana 22,883

Expenditure as a percentage of Andhra Pradesh 21,249

Total Expenditure Chhattisgarh 20,507

(2018-21 average) Tamil Nadu 20,351

India GS avg 20,233

Telangana 78.1% Odisha 19,480

Odisha 75.6%
Kerala 18,168
Gujarat 17,511
Chhattisgarh 75.4%
Rajasthan 17,384
Karnataka 75.4%
Maharashtra 17,192
Madhya Pradesh 73.6%
West Bengal 16,395
Jharkhand 72.4%
Madhya Pradesh 16,276
Goa 71.0%
Punjab 15,009
Andhra Pradesh 71.0%
Jharkhand 12,578
Gujarat 70.7%
Uttar Pradesh 9,890
Rajasthan 70.5% Bihar 8,619
Bihar 70.3%
Source: RBI State Finances: A Study of Budgets
India GS avg 68.4%

Haryana 67.6% [Link] Revenue Expenditure and

West Bengal 65.7% Capital Outlay
Maharashtra 64.4%

Tamil Nadu 63.5%

The government’s priority is to increase public
Uttar Pradesh 62.1%
spending in order to sustain recovery and promote

Kerala
growth. During 2018-21, the State’s average revenue
51.8%
expenditure was 85.4% of the total expenditure (sum
Punjab 51.2%
of revenue expenditure and capital outlay), whereas
Source: RBI State Finances: A Study of Budgets India GS average was 87% of total expenditure.

[Link] Per Capita Development The State’s share of capital outlay in total expenditure
Expenditure was 14.6%, higher than the average share of 13%
for India GS (Figure 3.11) and has steadily increased
Per capita development expenditure for a state
since the State’s formation. This reflects the State’s
is calculated by dividing the State’s development
emphasis on infrastructure development and asset
expenditure by its population. In per capita terms,
creation for the State’s economic growth.
leaving out Goa which is an outlier, Telangana stood
first in development expenditure incurred during the
2018-21 period. Telangana spent Rs. 26,897 per
capita followed by Karnataka (Rs. 24,040), whereas
India GS average was Rs. 20,233 (Figure 3.10).

34 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Figure 3.11: Revenue 3.3.3 Deficits and Debt
Expenditure and Capital Outlay
Deficit refers to an excess of expenditure over income.
share in Total Expenditure It denotes the amount of government borrowing
(2018-21 average) required. The Government of Telangana has set
a target of 4% of GSDP as fiscal deficit (overall
expenditure exceeding overall receipts, excluding
Telangana 85.4% 14.6% debt repayment and receipt) for 2022-23 as per
FRBM Fiscal Policy Statement 2022-23.

A revenue surplus (revenue receipts exceeding

India GS avg 87.0% 13.0% revenue expenditure) of Rs. 3,755 crore and a fiscal
deficit of Rs. 52,167 crore have been projected for
% share of Revenue expenditure % share of Capital outlay 2022-23.

Source: RBI State Finances: A Study of Budgets

[Link] Decomposition of Gross
[Link] Committed Expenditure Fiscal Deficit
Committed expenditure includes expenditure on Similar to India GS, Telangana’s capital outlay
salaries and wages, pensions, and interest payments. accounted for a major share at 56.5% of the
Increased allocation to committed expenditures average fiscal deficit during 2018-21. Capital outlay
reduces fiscal space for other development accounted for 65.9% of the fiscal deficit in India GS
expenditures. Telangana’s committed expenditure as (Figure 3.13). In terms of revenue deficit, India GS had
a percentage of revenue receipts was 48.6% in 2018-
an average revenue deficit of 33.3% during 2018-21,
21, lower than the India GS average (55.1%) for the
accounting for the fiscal deficit, while Telangana had
same period. Figure 3.12 depicts a comparison with
a revenue deficit of 16.4% during the same period.
other general states.

Figure 3.12: Comparison of The remaining component of the fiscal deficit

Committed Expenditure as (27.1%) was accounted for net lending (net of
percentage of Revenue Receipts state government loans and advances). The loans
(2018-21 average) and advances have primarily been used for capital
expenditures in water supply and sanitation,
Bihar 39.6%
major and medium irrigation and sanitation, road
Madhya Pradesh 42.1%
Jharkhand
transportation, housing, animal husbandry, public
42.9%
Odisha 44.7% health and Power Projects.
Maharashtra 45.1%
Karnataka 45.7% Figure 3.13: Gross Fiscal Deficit
Uttar Pradesh 45.8%
decomposition:
Chhattisgarh
Telangana vs India GS average
46.3%
Gujarat 47.8%
Telangana 48.6% (2018-21 average)
Goa 54.6%
India GS avg 55.1%
West Bengal 56.3%
Telangana 56.5% 16.4% 27.1%
Andhra Pradesh 65.2%
Tamil Nadu 67.4%
India GS avg 65.9% 33.3% 1.4%
Rajasthan 69.2%
Haryana 72.0% Capital Outlay Revenue Deficit Net Lending
Kerala 74.4% Source: RBI State Finances: A Study of Budgets
Punjab 83.3%

Source: RBI State Finances: A Study of Budgets

Public Finance 35
[Link] Financing the Fiscal revenue. Debt sustainability is measured using two
key parameters: total outstanding liabilities to GSDP
Deficit
and interest payments to revenue receipts.
The fiscal deficit is funded through market
During 2018-21, the average outstanding liabilities
borrowings, central government loans, public
to GSDP ratio of the State was 24.7% whereas
accounts, and other sources. During 2018-21, market
for India GS it was 29.7%. In the same period, the
borrowings were the major source of financing fiscal
interest payments to revenue receipts ratio of the
deficit (85.6%) of Telangana whereas the same for
State stood at 14.4%, slightly less than the India GS
India GS stands at 68.9% (Figure 3.14).
average (14.5%) (Figure 3.15). Therefore, Telangana
Figure 3.14: Fiscal Deficit has done well compared to other states in terms of
financing composition: debt sustainability.

Telangana vs India GS average Figure 3.15: Outstanding

(2018-21 average) Liabilities to GSDP ratio and
Telangana 85.6%
Interest payments to revenue
0.6% 13.6% 0.04%
receipts ratio: Telangana vs
-3.4% India GS (2018-21 average).
India GS avg 68.9% 1.6% 32.9%

Market Borrowings Loans from Centre Public Accounts Others

Total Outstanding 24.7%
Source: RBI State Finances: A Study of Budgets Liabilities to GSDP
29.7%
Note: 1. Others include Special Securities issued to the National
Small Savings Fund (NSSF), Reserve Funds, Deposits and Advances,
Suspense and Miscellaneous, Remittances, and Overall Surplus (-)/
Deficit (+). 2 Due to rounding off, the figures may not add up to exactly 14.4%
Interest Payments to
100%.
Revenue Receipts
14.5%

[Link] Debt Sustainability

Telangana India GS avg
It is critical for debt to be sustainable, so that
interest payments do not consume a large portion of Source: RBI State Finances: A Study of Budgets

3.4 Way Forward

Telangana’s fiscal health has improved after a decline in 2020-21, and the economy has recovered, resulting
in higher revenue collections in 2021-22 and 2022-23. Due to the cut imposed on market borrowing and the
shortfall in grants from the Centre, there is severe strain on the state finances. Given the looming threat of
global recession disrupting economic growth, additional resource mobilisation might be a challenge. However,
there is room for optimism as the State is on the way to meet its budgetary own tax revenue target for 2022-23,
which enables the Government to meet its developmental commitments.

36 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Annexure 1:
Cess and Surcharge levied on different taxes
from 2011-12 to 2021-22 RE (Rs. in Crore)

Cess and
2021-22
Sl N Surcharges 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
RE
levied on

1 Corporation Tax 24,287 41,036 53,780 61,292 30,458 34,285 38,292 83,527 40,337 32,063 85,481

2 Taxes on Income 4,855 7,826 10,103 20,252 10,010 24,554 15,141 62,276 23,856 23,913 80,096

Customs
3 9,728 7,639 9,199 11,185 11,830 7,742 4,443 12,006 15,324 25,005 39,340
(Import)

Union Excise
4 51,024 60,880 63,869 70,511 1,20,388 1,44,223 1,39,009 1,59,895 1,75,189 3,26,036 3,62,625
Duties

5 Service Tax 2,642 4,025 4,319 4,721 5,264 20,259 7,077 410 102 36 0

Grand Total
(Cesses and
I 92,536 1,21,406 1,41,271 1,67,960 1,77,951 2,31,064 2,03,962 3,18,113 2,54,807 4,07,054 5,67,542
Surcharges)
(sum of 1 to 5)

Gross Tax
II 8,89,176 10,36,235 11,38,734 12,44,885 14,55,648 17,15,822 19,19,009 20,80,465 20,10,059 20,27,104 25,16,059
Revenue

Cesses and
Surcharges
10.4% 11.7% 12.4% 13.5% 12.2% 13.5% 10.6% 15.3% 12.7% 20.1% 22.6%
(I) as % to GTR
(II)

Source: Union Government Budget documents

Public Finance 37
 CHAPTER

4
AGRICULTURE AND
ALLIED ACTIVITIES

38 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

 Key Highlights
l The farm sector plays a key role in 2019 (12.8 million in 2012 to 19.1 million
strengthening the national economy, in 2019). Telangana stands at 3rd in egg
improving inclusive growth, ensuring production, 5th in meat production and 13th
sustainable development, and dealing with position in milk production during 2021-22.
climate change. Poverty reduction can take
l As part of agriculture investment support,
place with investment in agriculture, with
under the Rythu Bandhu scheme,
a focus on improved agricultural practice.
cumulatively, the government disbursed
These practices include improving the
Rs. 65,192 crores (from Vanakalam
efficacy of farmland by halting and reversing
2018-Vanakalam 2022) to 65 lakh
deteriorating soil health; encouraging crop
beneficiaries (in Vanakalam 2022). Of these,
diversification; promoting the usage of
53% belong to the BC category, around
certified seeds; practising sustainable water
13% each belong to SC and ST categories,
management with rainwater harvesting and
and ‘Others’ constitute around 21% of the
preservation of rainwater; developing local
beneficiaries.
agricultural marketing and using technology.
l Under the Rythu Bima scheme, from 2018-
l Agriculture, Forestry, Livestock and Fisheries
19 onwards, the Government has settled
sectors’ Gross Value Added (Current Prices)
claims to an extent of Rs. 4,771 Crores
to the state economy has seen a CAGR1 of
and transferred the amount to the 95,416
14.05% from Rs.76,123 crores in 2014-15
bereaved families2 .
to Rs.2,17,877 crores in 2022-23 (PAE) and
during the same period the sector CAGR at l The efforts of the Government to improve
all India level is 9.97%. irrigation facilities by commissioning
new projects and improving old irrigation
l A significant portion of this growth was
infrastructure have been successful and
driven by the livestock sub-sector, currently
begun to pay off. The gross irrigated area of
livestock accounts for 47.69% of the overall
all crops increased by 117% between 2014-
sector GSVA at Current Prices, followed by
15 (from 62.48 lakh acres) and 2021-22 (to
crops at 45.20%, fishing and aquaculture at
135 lakh acres).
3.05%, forestry and logging sector stood at
4.06% in 2022-23 (PAE). l The Government has provided a safety
net by procuring total production of major
l The paddy production in the State has
crops like Paddy and actively supporting a
increased by 342% between 2015-16
transition to demand driven and commercial
and 2021-22 (from 45.71 lakh MTs to 202
agriculture which will provide a sustainable
lakh MTs) in the State and the State has
increase in income to the farmers through
emerged as the Second largest contributor
initiatives like crop diversification and the oil
to the central procurement. Similarly, Cotton
palm mission etc.
production has been increased by 33% from
18.85 lakh MTs in 2015-16 to 25.08 lakh l The State is one of the potential states for
MTs in 2021-22. Oil Palm cultivation and stands 6th in area
with 68,440 acres (till 2021-22), 2nd in
l As per 20th livestock census-2019,
production of Fresh fruit Bunch and 1st in oil
Telangana ranks first place in the sheep
Extraction (OER) with 19.32% in India.
population. The sheep population has seen
an increase of 48.51% between 2012 to

1. Compound Annual Growth Rate 2 As on 20.01.2023

Agriculture and Allied Activities 39

4.1. Agriculture and allied Fig 4.1: Sectoral Contribution to
activities -Macro Trends the State’s GSVA from 2014-15
to 2022-23 (PAE) (at Current
Agriculture is a vital sector in the economies of Prices)
developing countries and a key issue in sustainable
development. The cluster of issues around 2014-15 16.32% 22.37% 61.31%
‘sustainable agriculture, food security, and nutrition’ 2015-16 14.28% 23.57% 62.16%
has emerged as an important focus area. Due to the 2016-17 14.83% 21.54% 63.63%

spread of harmful chemical agriculture, there is also 2017-18 14.91% 22.17% 62.92%
2018-19 (TRE) 14.71% 23.47% 61.82%
a need for a transition to ecologically sound farming
2019-20 (SRE) 17.97% 20.80% 61.24%
in many areas, otherwise, it can lead to a crisis. Lack
2020-21 (FRE) 19.94% 19.53% 60.53%
of proper systems related to access to credit, and 2021-22 (PE) 18.77% 19.76% 61.47%
insurance systems can lead to many economic crises, 2022-23 (PAE) 18.24% 18.96% 62.81%
as well. Considering all these issues, the Government 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
of Telangana focuses on several flagship programs
Agriculture Industries Services
that are aimed at not only improving farmers’
income but also the overall well-being of the farming
Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of
community in the State.
Telangana
As more than 60% of the rural population of
Telangana is employed in agriculture and its allied Fig 4.2: Agriculture and Allied
activities, investing in the agriculture sector can Activities Contribution to GSVA
address not only the hunger and malnutrition of these Between 2014-15 and 2022-23
populations but also other challenges, including (PAE) at Current Prices
poverty, water, and energy use, climate change 2014-15 54.79% 38.47% 3.24% 3.51%

and unsustainable production and consumption. It 2015-16 48.62% 44.59% 3.30%3.50%

is clear that, in Telangana, the agriculture sector is 2016-17 48.92% 44.75% 3.78% 2.56%

2017-18 46.81% 45.96% 3.63%3.60%

a major contributor to the GSDP as the Gross State 2018-19 (TRE) 42.32% 50.32% 3.83% 3.54%

value added (GSVA) of the agriculture and allied 2019-20 (SRE) 50.36% 43.96% 2.68%3.00%

sector has seen a growth of 186% from its formation. 2020-21 (FRE) 48.44% 44.98% 3.61%2.96%

2021-22 (PE) 44.89% 48.08% 4.00%3.02%

2022-23 (PAE) 45.20% 47.69% 4.06% 3.05%

Budget allocation for agriculture increased markedly
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
from Rs.6,611 crore in 2016-17 to Rs.27,228 crore in
Crops Livestock Forestry and Logging Fishing and Aquaculture
2022-233. In the current year 2022-23 budget, the
Government has allocated 14.4% of its total revenue
Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of
expenditure towards agriculture and allied activities.
Telangana

There is a sustained growth of primary sector

Between 2014-15 to 2022-23(PAE), GSVA (at
contribution to the state economy over the years.
current prices) of Agriculture, forestry, livestock
The contribution of the crops sector to the State’s
and fisheries have seen a CAGR of 14.05% in the
GSVA at Current Prices has increased by 136% from
Rs.41,706 crores in 2014-15 to Rs.98,478 crores State. The livestock sector is a major driver of this
in 2022-23(PAE). There is a marked improvement growth with a CAGR of 17.15% and its contribution
in GSVA at Current Prices between 2018-19 and to the GSVA of Agriculture & Allied activities has
2019-20 (an increase of 63.11% from Rs. 48,366 considerably improved from 38.47% to 47.69% in
crores to Rs. 78,894 crores), which in part attributed the above period. The growth in part is attributed
to increase in investment on agriculture through to the renewed efforts of the government in this
schemes such as Rythu Bandhu. Fig 4.1 below sector, which include new schemes such as the
denotes sector wise percentage shares in the state Sheep distribution scheme. Table 4.1 below shows
economy and trends between 2014-15 to 2022- a comparison between the percent growth rate of
23(PAE) at Current Prices. Telangana and India over the years in current prices.
3. Telangana Budget Analysis 2022-23, PRS Legislative Research

40 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

 Table 4.1: Growth Rate of Agriculture sector GSVA at Current Prices:
Telangana Vs India (2015-16 to 2022-23(PAE))
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
(TRE) (SRE) (FRE) (PE)
Telangana -0.5 17.5 13.9 12.7 37.1 13.3 9.7 11.9
India 6.4 13.1 12.4 7.1 10.8 7.5 10.3 12.5
Source: MOSPI, GoI, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Telangana

Table 4.2 below depicts the sub-sector’s contribution to the agriculture growth between 2015-16 and 2022-
23(PAE), in which the crop sector has seen a growth of 5.7% in 2022-23(PAE) from -6.4%(2015-16).

Table 4.2: Sub Sectoral Growth Rate Contribution to

Overall Sector Growth (at Current Prices) Between 2015-16
and 2022-23 (PAE)
2018- 2019- 2020- 2022-
Sub sector of Agriculture 2015- 2016- 2017- 2021-
19 20 21 23
and Allied Acti vities 16 17 18 22 (PE)
(TRE) (SRE) (FRE) (PAE)
Crops -6.4% 8.9% 4.4% 0.9% 26.7% 4.5% 0.8% 5.7%
Livestock 5.9% 8.0% 7.6% 10.8% 9.9% 7.0% 7.8% 5.3%
Forestry and Logging 0.0% 1.1% 0.4% 0.7% -0.2% 1.4% 0.8% 0.5%
Fishing and Aquaculture 0.0% -0.5% 1.6% 0.4% 0.6% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4%
Agriculture and Allied
-0.5% 17.5% 13.9% 12.7% 37.1% 13.3% 9.7% 11.9%
Activities Growth rate (in %)
Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Telangana

Fig 4.3 below depicts the trends in the CAGR of

GSVA (Current Prices) of Agriculture between 2014-
4.2. Land Use Pattern
15 and 2021-22 across non special category states Telangana State is the 11th largest State in the
for which data is available. Among them, Telangana country with a geographical area of over 276.95 lakh
Stands at 3rd rank with a CAGR of 11.14% next to acres (112.08 lakh hectares). Of this, 52.88 percent
Madhya Pradesh(15.59%) and Karnataka(12.06%). of the area is under Net Sown Area, around 24.70
percent is under Forest Cover, 7.46 percent is under
Fig 4.3: CAGR of Agriculture land put to Non-agriculture use, 5.26 percent area
sector GSVA (Current Prices): is under Fallow lands, 5.42 percent is under Barren
Telangana vs. other States and uncultivable land and the balance area is under
(2014-15 to 2021-224 ) permanent pastures and other grazing lands.
Madhya Pradesh 15.59%
Karnataka 12.06% 4.2.1 Land holding pattern
Telangana 11.14%
Rajasthan 10.38% The total number of operational holdings in the
Andhra Pradesh 10.15%
Bihar 10.06%
State is 59.48 lakhs covering an area of 59.72 lakh
Uttar Pradesh 9.21% hectares5 . Marginal and Small farmers hold about
Jharkhand 7.35%
Tamil Nadu
88.3% of the landholdings (less than 4.94 acres)
6.60%
Odisha 6.37% accounting for 61.7% (36.83 lakh hectares) of the
Haryana 6.25%
area operated. Semi-medium, Medium and Large
Punjab 5.62%
Kerala 2.15% farmers hold 9.5%, 2.1%, 0.2% of the land holdings
0.00% account for 24.6%, 11.5%, 2.3% of the area operated
CAGR
Source: RBI Handbook of statistics on Indian Economy 2021-22 respectively. According to the Agriculture Census,
2015-16, the average land holding size in the State
4. Analysis was done among Non-Special Category States for
which data is available

5. Agriculture Census 2015-16 41

Agriculture and Allied Activities
is 1.00 hectare, which is below the all India average
Fig 4.5(a): Annual Rainfall
of 1.08 hectares.
(Actual in mm) Between 2014-
Category wise percentage of land holdings (as per 15 to 2021-226
10th Landholding census) is given below. 1,323
1,181
Fig 4.4: Land Holding Pattern in 1,019 1,033
the State 841
717 748
Size Group (in No. of % of Area Operated Area Operated % of Area 682
Acres) Holdings (000) Holdings ('000 Hects) (000' Acres) Operated

Marginal (Below
3,840 64.60 1,706 4,216 28.60
2.47)

Small (2.48-4.94) 1,409 23.70 1,977 4,885 33.10

Semi-medium
564 9.50 1,467 3,625 24.60
(4.95-9.88)
Medium
126 2.10 688 1,700 11.50
(9.89-24.77)
Large (24.78 and 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
9 0.20 135 334 2.30
above)
Total 5,948 100 5,972 14,757 100.0
Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of
Telangana
Social No. of % of Area Operated Area Operated % of Area
Group Holdings (000) Holdings ('000 Hects) (000' Acres) Operated
The State received normal rainfall in the years of
Scheduled
700 11.80 532 1,315 8.90
Caste 2017-18, 2018-19 and 2019-20 whereas excess
Scheduled
12.00 12.40
Tribes
712 741 1,830
rainfall has been received in the years 2020-21
Institutional 1 0.00 5 13 0.10
and 2021-22. The excess rainfall received in the
Others 4,535 76.20 4,694 11,599 78.60
last two years has contributed for improvement
Total 5,948 100 5,972 14,757 100 in the groundwater recharge in the State. Paddy
production was also increased by 119% from 100.03
Source: Agriculture Census 2015-16, MoAFW, GoI
lakh MTs in 2018-19 to 218.51 lakh MTs in 2020-21.
The rainfall received in the year 2021-22 is slightly
The Scheduled Castes (SC) population own 11.8% (10.71%) lesser than the year 2020-21. This has
of landholdings, covering 8.9% of the total area. clearly reflected the decrease of paddy production
The Scheduled Tribes(ST) population own 12.0% by 7.47% i.e. from 218.51 lakh MTs in 2020-21
of agricultural landholdings, covering 12.4% of the to 202.18 lakh MTs in the year 2021-22. With the
total area. 76.2% of the landholdings belong to the receipt of good rainfall in the years from 2018-19 to
‘Others’ category, and cover 78.60% of the area 2021-22, the overall sown area has been increased
operated. and agricultural productivity has been improved in
the State.
4.2.2 Rainfall
Since the State is situated in a semi-arid region,
Fig 4.5(b): Month wise %
the distribution of rainfall is a key determinant of deviation of rainfall received in
agricultural production. Telangana received 1180.8 the year 2021-22 (June,2021 to
millimetres (mm) of rainfall in 2021-22(from June to May,2022)
May), which is 30% in excess of the normal rainfall 424

of 906.1mm. Normally around 85% of the annual

rainfall is received during the south-west monsoon
period i.e, from June to September, during this period
of 2021-22, the State has received 1009.6 mm
116
rainfall, which is 40% excess of normal rainfall of
50 45 32
721.2 mm of that period. 25

Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May
-15 -37 -57
-79 -81
-98
6. During 2021-22, State normal rainfall during South- Month
West monsoon (Jun-Sep) is 721.2 mm, during North-
Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of
East monsoon (Oct-Dec) is 124.9, during the winter
Telangana
period (Jan to Feb) is 11.4 mm and during Hot Weather
period (Mar-May) is 48.6mm.

42 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

 4.3. Agriculture and Allied of the gross area sown in 2014-15 to 32.90% of the
gross area sown in 2021-22. The area under Red
Activities: Trends in Output gram and Soybean crops did not vary significantly
4.3.1 Sown Area in this time span. Fig 4.6(a) above depicts the trends
in % area covered under the top 5 major crops out
The area brought under cultivation after the formation of the gross sown area in Vanakalam from the year
of the State has been tremendously increased. Gross 2014-15 to 2021-22.
Sown Area (GSA) has been increased from 131 lakh
acres in 2014-15 to 198 lakh acres in 2021-22 (an Fig 4.6(b):% of Gross Sown
increase of 51%). This increase in area is mainly due Area Under Top 5 Major Crops in
to the planned investments in new irrigation projects, Yasangi from the year 2014-15
revitalisation of existing irrigation systems and to 2021-22
systematic procurement mechanisms implemented
by the Government. Paddy cultivation in both 2014-15 43.42 14.87 12.49 5.201.61

seasons has made the State the rice bowl of India in 2015-16 36.91 14.70 14.18 8.66 1.22

2016-17 59.20 10.43 8.85 6.391.11

a very short span. Paddy, Cotton, Maize, Red Gram 2017-18 59.39 10.85 9.48 6.32 0.99

and Soybean are the major crops grown in the State. 2018-19 58.27 9.16 8.89 8.19 1.33

The area under these five major crops constitutes 2019-20 70.42 11.22 4.38 5.77 0.88

2020-21 75.96 6.27 4.06 5.18 0.81

85% of the total area in the State during 2021-22. 2021-22 63.46 10.01 6.25 6.97 1.43

Further, of these five major crops, paddy(50%) and 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Cotton(24%) constitute about 74% of the area. In Paddy Maize Groundnut Bengalgram Sesamum

2014-15, the area cultivated under Paddy was Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of
Telangana
about 35 lakh acres and increased by 180% to 98
lakh acres in 2021-22. Similarly, the area under the Fig 4.6(b) above shows the year-on-year percentage
Cotton crop also increased by 12% from 42 lakh gross sown area of top 5 crops in the Yasangi
acres to 47 lakh acres in 2021-22. season. While the perecentage sown area for the
top-ranking crop-paddy-increased from 43.42% in
Fig 4.6(a): % of Gross Sown Yasangi 2014-15 to 63.46% in Yasangi 2021-22,
Area under top 5 major crops the percentage sown area of Maize, Groundnut and
in Vanakalam in the years from Sesamum crops have been declined between the
2014-15 to 2021-22 years 2018-19 and 2020-21. The sown area of the
2014-15 22.04 40.55 12.50 5.26 5.81
groundnut, as a % of GSA, was drastically decreased
2015-16 18.32 43.39 11.12 6.06 5.94 i.e from 12.5% in the year 2014-15 to 6.3% in 2021-
2016-17 20.29 32.14 14.52 8.81 6.31
22. The percentage sown area of these top 5 crops
2017-18 23.18 41.99 10.25 7.31 3.37

2018-19 26.43 40.88 9.47 6.57 3.29

in Yasangi has increased significantly from 77.6% in
2019-20
12.50 5.26 5.81 31.21 40.68 7.47 5.64 3.29 2014-15 to 88.1% in 2021-22.
11.12 6.06 5.94
2020-21 37.12 41.20 1.51 7.47 2.83
14.52 8.81 6.31
2021-2210.25 7.31 3.37 43.79
Paddy
32.90 5.04 5.44 2.66 District level data also shows the increase in Gross
Cotton
40.88 9.47 6.573.29
40.68
0% 10%
7.47 5.643.29
20% 30%
Maize 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Sown Area (GSA) between 2018-19 and 2021-22,
Paddy Cotton
Redgram Maize Redgram Soyabean
41.20
32.90
1.517.47 2.83
5.04 5.442.66
Soyabean all districts except Warangal district have recorded
Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of
Telangana a positive growth in the increase of GSA. The overall
growth in GSA across Telangana stood at 39% in
After formation of the State, the area under Paddy
the above period. Fig 4.7 below depicts the district
crop has been increased significantly i.e from 22.04%
wise percentage increase in GSA between 2018-19
of the total gross area sown in 2014-15 ‘Vanakalam’
and 2021-22. The percentage of gross sown area
to 43.79% in 2021-22 ‘Vanakalam’ and there was
in Warangal district has decreased by 2.1% in the
a significant decline in the coverage of Maize from
above period due to a decrease in the area under
12.5% of total GSA to 5.04% and Cotton from 40.55%
Cotton crop.

Agriculture and Allied Activities 43

Fig 4.7: The % Increase in Gross Fig 4.8: District Level Cropping
Sown Area Across the Districts Intensity Index for 2020-21
in the State Between 2018-19
and 2021-22

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of

Telangana

4.3.3. Production of major crops

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of The increase in crop area led to an increase in
Telangana agriculture production in the State which increased
by 52% from 232 lakh MTs in 2014-15 to 326 lakh
4.3.2 Cropping Intensity MTs in 2021-22. Three major crops grown in the
State namely Paddy, Cotton and Maize constitute
The ratio of gross cropped area to net cropped area,
nearly 80% of the total produce(2021). As per the
is an indicator useful for assessing efficiency of the agriculture statistics 2020, Ministry of Agriculture
agriculture sector. Cropping intensity refers to the and Farmers Welfare, GOI, Telangana stands at 3rd
raising of a number of crops from the same field position in production of Cotton in the country (with
during one agricultural year. Thus, higher cropping an output of 5.80 Millions bales). Fig 4.9(a) below
intensity means that a higher proportion of the net provides trends in agriculture production over the
sown area is cropped more than once during one years.
agricultural year. Fig 4.9 (a): Trends in Total
Fig 4.8 below depicts the cropping intensity index Agriculture Production in the
across the districts, with an overall index of 143, State (in Lakh MTs)
the state has an opportunity in improving cropping 340 353 326
intensity by utilising technology and improved
232 235
agricultural practices. 189
210 234

2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22

Total Production (Lakh MTs) Exponential (Total Production (Lakh MTs)

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of

Telangana

44 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Box 4.1 was 18 lakh tonnes. By 2021-22 Paddy
Production increased by 342% to 202.18 lakh
Paddy and Cotton tonnes and Cotton production increased by
33% to 25.08 lakh tonnes.
• The effectiveness of the State’s agricultural • Procurement: The State emerged as the Second
policies and incentives can be directly seen in largest procurer after Punjab by procuring
the growth of Paddy and Cotton. According to 77.46 lakh MTs in 2018-19, 111.26 lakh MTs
the estimates for 2020-21, Telangana produces (14.33%) 2019-20, 141.09 lakh MTs (15.75%)
around 16% of India’s Cotton and around 8% in 2020-21 and 119.05 lakh MTs(13.75%) of
of the total rice produced in India. Paddy to Food Corporation of India (FCI).
• Area: In 2015-16, total area under Paddy and • Comparison with India: Between 2015-16
Cotton was 25 and 43 lakh acres respectively. to 2020-21, rice production saw a CAGR of
By 2021-22, the area stood at 97 and 46 lakh 18% highest across the country (2nd highest
acres respectively. Area under Paddy increased is Manipur state with a CAGR of 12% and all
by 279% and Cotton increased by 6% in the India at 3%) and the production of cotton saw
State. CAGR of 8.8%, 2nd highest in the country after
• Production: In 2015-16, Paddy Production was Rajasthan (16%). In the same above period all
around 45 lakh tonnes and Cotton Production India production has a CAGR of 0.25%.

Fig 4.9.1: Area Under Paddy Fig 4.9.2: Production of Paddy

and Cotton (in Lakh Acres) and Cotton (in Lakh MT)
between 2015-16 and 2021-22 between 2015-16 and 2021-22
2015-16 25.85 45.71
2015-16
43.81 18.85
2016-17 45.17 98.99
2016-17
34.82 18.73
2017-18 48.49 93.95
2017-18
46.88 27.82
2018-19 47.74 100.03
2018-19
45.46 21.53
2019-20 79.47 178.27
2019-20
52.55 37.63
2020-21 104.23 218.51
2020-21
58.28 30.42
2021-22 97.98 202.18
46.68 2021-22
25.08
Paddy Cotton
Paddy Cotton
Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Telangana and DES, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare.

Box 4.2
GI Tag to Protein’s Powerhouse - Tandur Red Gram
• Tandur Redgram is the 16th product to bag a geographical indication (GI) tag.
• The Tandur Redgram is a local variety of pigeon pea that is primarily grown in the rain-fed tract
of Tandur and nearby places in the State.
• This variety of dal contains 22-24% of protein, which is three times more than the other varieties.
• The specific quality traits of Tandur redgram have been attributed to the fertile, deep black soil
containing huge deposits of attapulgite clay mineral soils along with huge limestone deposits in
this region.
• It has a good taste, better cooking quality and long storable nature.

Agriculture and Allied Activities 45

 Fig 4.9(b): Production of major Telangana stands at 1st place at all India level in
the yield of Maize crop. The average yield of Maize
crops Between 2014-15 and
crop in the State is 112% (2020-21) and 78% (2019-
2021-22 (in Lakh MT)
20) more than the average yield in the country.
100%
90%
2.62 2.52 3.22 2.47 2.35 3.11
2.65
2.43 2.68 Telangana stands at 6th place (2020-21) in average
2.95 3.42 3.72 3.15 2.91 3.49
2.06 1.99
80% 0.81
1.09 0.50 1.32 1.48
1.64 2.66
2.38
2.24 yield of rice at all India level, this average yield is 18%
1.05 2.62 2.64 2.42
1.91
70%
3.32 (2020-21) and 36%(2019-20) more than the all India
60%
50%
average. In case of Groundnut crop average yield,
40% 23.08 17.51 36.44 the State stands at 4th place and the average yield
28.82 27.52 20.83 30.08
30% 17.55
in the State is 34% (2020-21) and 16% ( 2019-20)
20%
10%
higher than the average yield at all India level.
0%
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 4.3.5 Consumption of Fertilisers
Maize Redgram Bengalgram Groundnut Soyabean
Consumption of fertilisers and pesticides is
Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of
determined by multiple factors such as area of
Telangana
land under cultivation, type of crop raised, cropping
Telangana stands at 10th place in production of pattern and cropping intensity, soil type and its
Foodgrains at the national level. However, with condition, agro-climatic conditions, the ability of
a 14.6% growth rate in production of Foodgrains
farmers to purchase, irrigation, and others. The
between 2019-20 and 2020-21, Telangana stood at
Government has set up an integrated Fertiliser
4th position at the national level (4.4%). Production of
Groundnut has increased by 18% over the production Monitoring System(IFMS) which helps the farmers
of 2014-15 and production of Soyabean did not vary in tracking and ensuring the timely distribution of
much from the produce of 2014-15 and stood at 5th fertilisers. Consumption of major fertilisers have been
position at national level. Year wise production of top increased from 28 lakh MT in 2018-19 to 37 lakh MT
5 crops (except Paddy and Cotton) is depicted in the
in 2021-22 in the State. There is an increase of 11.70
above chart.
lakh tonnes (46% increase) supply of fertilisers during
4.3.4 Yield of major crops over the period from 2014-15 to 2021-22 in the State. Fig
the years 4.11 depicts the trends in fertiliser consumption over
the years from 2018-19 to 2021-22 in the State.
The consistent efforts of the Government in increasing
the quality of agriculture inputs like quality seeds,
irrigation facilities & inculcation of new techniques
Fig 4.11: Fertiliser Consumption
led to increase in yield of various crops. The chart from the year 2018-19 to 2021-
given below indicates the trends in the yields of 22 (in lakh tons) in the State
major crops between 2015-16 and 2021-22. 36.87 37.06
33.54
Fig 4.10: Year-Wise Yields of 28.96
Major Crops Between 2014-15
and 2021-22
3,000

2,500

2,000
Yield (Kg per acre)

1,500

1,000

500 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22

0 Source: Department of Agriculture, Government of Telangana
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
Paddy Cotton Maize Redgram Groundnut

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of

Telangana

46 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Box 4.3 government has estimated crop sown area for 7
major crops viz. Paddy, Maize, Groundnut, Jowar,
Efforts of the Government Green gram, Black gram, and Bengal gram in
in Strengthening coordination with Satsure, a well established RS

Agriculture Statistics based agency. The pilot is one of its kind in the
country where the department received area
To improve the accuracy of the area and yield estimates at the village level. The same pilot
estimations, the Government has modernised the extended to Vaanakalam 2022 where acreage
data collection process and introduced supportive estimates were done through remote sensing for
supervisory practices to ensure error-free final data. 10 crops i.e. Paddy, Cotton, Maize, Groundnut,
Jowar, Soyabean, Chilli, Turmeric Green gram
This includes 3 major aspects:
and Redgram.
(1) Activity Logger: A mobile application through
(3)
Survey CTO Application: The MPSOs
which frontline personnel in the agriculture
have entrusted with the job of verifying
department can report the activities they
area enumeration done by the agriculture
performed and quantify their effort for each
department by using a mobile-based data
activity on a daily basis. The data generated
collection platform that allows for complex skip
by this will be used to monitor and measure
patterns, geo-tracing and tagging of crops,
the performance of 2,600 AEOs working across
and ensures collection of authentic data during
the State and quickly identify misalignment
agricultural area enumeration surveys. Use of
in resource allocation and make necessary
this application for data collection will provide
adjustments.
another level of check with sophisticated real
(2)
Remote Sensing based Estimation: To time data gathering to ensure that the data
complement the Crop booking exercise recorded is accurate. The state has taken up
conducted by AEOs, the Government has surveyCTO in identifying correction factors in
initiated a pilot Remote Sensing(RS) based Area the area enumeration work across the state
estimation project for Yasangi 2021-22. The from Vanakalam, 2021 onwards.

Box 4.4 photo and GPS available for conducting further

checks
CCE Kits • 100 % supervision of CCEs by Divisional,
Crop Cutting Experiments (CCEs): CCEs are District , State level officers & Officials from
conducted to obtain the estimates of average yield NSSO
(productivity) and production of all principal crops
• To improve the qualitative assessment and
at district and state level. The Yield estimates
timely submission of yield and production
arrived are used for planning at State and Central
estimates to the Government, all the field
level, to make certain policy decisions, Market
functionaries are provided with the latest
arrivals, to make necessary arrangements for
CCE kits containing smart electronic table
procurement of crop produce etc. To enhance
top weighing machine(EWM) with bluetooth
accuracy, transparency and easy flow of data from
facility, Compass, tarpaulin sheet, measuring
field level, an App was developed in collaboration
tape, weighment bag, Driage bags, etc
with NIC to capture CCE data and developed a web
portal to get real time yield estimates. New features • This enables the field functionaries uniformity
include: in weighment, instant communication of the
data and calculation of the crop production and
• Near real-time availability of data such as
GSDP.

Agriculture and Allied Activities 47

4.3.6 Horticulture (NMEO-Oil palm), Mission for Integrated Development
of Horticulture (MIDH), National Bamboo Mission
The Horticulture sector has been a driving force in (NBM), Establishment of Poly Houses / Greenhouses,
the overall growth of the Agriculture & Allied sector Micro irrigation, Promotion of Horticulture Activities
in the State. Currently, 54.82 lakh Metric tonnes of and other programmes.
horticulture products are being produced from an
An additional area of 42,963 acres has been
extent of 12.94 lakh acres, which is 6.52% of the
brought under perennial horticulture crops. Poly
total area under cultivation (12.94 lakh acres out of
houses were established in 112.45 acres under
198.37 lakh acres) in the State. During the period
MIDH programme, an extent of 7,858 Ha has been
from 2015-16 to 2021-22, area under horticulture
brought under Mulching, 12,266 units (Vermi beds
crops has been increased by 240% (from 3.80 lakh
and vermicompost units) were given on subsidy to
acres in 2015-16 to 12.94 lakh acres in 2021-22)
farmers to encourage Organic farming, 733 number
and the production has been increased substantially
of farm ponds were sanctioned under assistance
from 29.32 lakh MTs in 2015-16 to 54.82 lakhMTs in
for life saving irrigation to horticulture crops, 6,656
2021-22, showing an increase of 86.97%.
number of horticulture equipments/implements
The Horticulture crop sector contributes 31% to were distributed to the farmers under Horticulture
Agriculture GVA in terms of value of the produce (Rs. mechanisation programme, Extended assistance for
26,673 crores value of horticulture produce out of establishment of 44 cold storage units, 10 Ripening
the total value of Rs. 85,959 crores of Agriculture & chambers, 3 refer vans, one Integrated Pack house,
Allied activities during 2020-21) in the State. Mango, 427 Pack houses, 149 Turmeric boiling units, 85
Sweet orange, Acid Lime, Guava, Pomegranate, Turmeric polishing machines with an aim to reduce
Tomato, Brinjal, Oilpalm, Cashewnut, Chillies and post harvest losses in the State.
Turmeric are the major horticulture crops cultivated
in the State. 4.3.7 Livestock sector in
Telangana
Fig 4.12: Production of Major
Horticulture Crops in 2015-16 The Livestock sector is another important sector
after Agriculture in rural and semi-urban areas in
and 2021-22 (in lakh MTs)
the State. About 25.82 lakh families are engaged
24.78
either in rearing livestock or related activities for their
livelihood. This sector has emerged as one of the most
16.44
potential and income generating to the people both
12.15 12.67
9.26 in rural and semi urban areas. Between 2012 to 2019
4.4 the livestock population in the State has increased
0.58 3.66
0.08 0.02 from 26.7 million to 32.6 million with 22% growth.
With increase in livestock population, the production
Fruits Vegetables Flowers Plantation Spices
and availability of nutritious food, supplemental
2015-16 2022-23 income to the farmers has also increased. Among

Source: Horticulture Department, Government of Telangana

the major states in India, Telangana is the second to
West Bengal in the growth of livestock population.
[Link] Major Achievements after Fig 4.13 The change in livestock population between
formation of the State the year 2012 and 2019 (between 19th and 20th
livestock census). For the year 2022-23(PAE), value
After formation of the Telangana State, the
of livestock production is estimated at Rs 1,03,895
Government has given importance to the Horticulture
crores at current prices, expecting to contribute 48%
Sector and launched various development
to the GVA of the Agriculture and Allied sector.
programmes such as Area Expansion programme

48 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Fig 4.13 % Change in Livestock government introduced new innovative schemes
with an objective to develop this sector. Fig 4.14
Population among States
shows the trends in the production of Meat, Milk and
Between 2012 and 2019 Eggs between 2014-15 to 2021-22.
23.51
22.27

Fig 4.15 Breakup of Livestock

GVO in Telangana (2020-21
15.86

FRE) (in crores)

11.81
10.94

4.73 2,016
1.83

5,898
West Bengal Telangana Andhra Madhya Bihar Karnataka Maharashtra Gujarat Uttar Rajasthan
Pradesh Pradesh Pradesh
-0.87 -1.02 -1.61

Source: 20th Livestock Census, GoI 14,122

36,362
Among livestock, Telangana ranks first place in sheep
population at 19.1 million. The sheep population has
30,743
seen an increase of 48.51% between 2012 to 2019.
Telangana stands 3rd in egg production with an
output of 1,667 crore eggs, 5th in meat production
of 10.04 lakh tonnes and 13th position in milk Milk Meat (Excluding Poultry Meat) Poultry Egg (Consumed) Others
production of 58.07 lakh tonnes during 2021-22. Milk Source: Animal Husbandry Department
Meat

and meat covers almost 75 % of GVA in the livestock

sector. The Gross Value of Added by the livestock is steadily
increasing over the years since formation of the
Fig 4.14: Production of Meat, State. The GVA of this sector has been increased
Milk and Eggs in the State from Rs.29,282 crore in 2014-15 to Rs 1,03,895
between the years 2014-15 and crore by 2022-23 (PAE) at Current prices, the trends
2021-22 are depicted in Fig 4.16.

2014-15 10,618.5
4,20,726
Fig 4.16: Trends in GVA of
Livestock Sector in the State
5,05,050
4,44,245
2015-16 11,205.8
5,42,050 between the years from 2014-15
2016-17 11,818.6
4,68,109
to 2022-23 (in crores)
5,91,040
4,96,537
2017-18 12,670.0 1,03,895
6,45,030 93,599
5,41,613
2018-19 13,686.8 79,814
7,54,060 68,865
5,59,021 57,513
2019-20 14,805.5
8,48,160 46,595
39,816
5,76,519 33,755
2020-21 15,847.0 29,282
9,20,250
5,80,778
2021-22 16,670.8
10,04,950

Milk (Hundred Tonnes) Eggs (Million Numbers) Meat (Tonnes) 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
(TRE) (SRE) (FRE) (PE) (PAE)

Source: Animal Husbandry Department

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of
Telangana
The growth in this livestock sector may be attributed
to the various schemes implemented by the
government. Since the formation of the State, the

Agriculture and Allied Activities 49

[Link] Mobile Veterinary clinics for improving the animal husbandry services in the
State.
The Government as part of its vision and objective to
Access to finance is critical for the growth of the
provide improved veterinary services to the livestock
agriculture sector. With ever increasing demand for
at the doorstep of the farmers, has launched 100
agriculture and its allied products, it is necessary
mobile veterinary clinics with latest available
to create a risk free environment for farmers to
facilities and with a toll free number 1962 to provide
get easy and quick access to funds. To reduce the
on-call animal health service facilities.
financial difficulties of the farmers, the government
4.4. Government Initiatives is providing support in two ways, One is through
the Rythu Bandhu scheme, which provides financial
Telangana has been rapidly moving out of the past
support to all farmers and second, increased lending
shadows of farmer suicides, extreme indebtedness
facilities through banks.
and lack of irrigation facilities, and aims to become a
model for farmer friendly have implemented various 4.4.1 Rythu Bandhu (Investment
new initiatives under agriculture sector. Among these Support)
two initiatives, Rythu Bandhu and Rythu Bima have
won accolades at the United Nations. Some of the Recognizing the importance of the financial support
States and even the central government has preferred to the farmers for meeting the basic input costs in
to implement these schemes in their respective States cultivation, the Government launched the Rythu
and in the country. The GSVA of primary sector has Bandhu Scheme in 2018. The scheme provides
been consistently increasing since the formation financial support of Rs. 10,000/- per acre per year to
of the State, the new initiatives of the government the landowning farmers in the State. This assistance
such as the Rythu Bandhu scheme, construction is comparatively higher than the amounts disbursed
of new (major and medium) irrigation projects and in other States. In Andhra Pradesh it is Rs 7,500 per
streamlining of the existing ones, 24x7 free power to farmer family per year, in Jharkhand it is Rs.5,000
Agriculture, Mission Kakatiya, promotion of livestock per marginal and small farmer per acre per year, and
and fisheries, sheep distribution scheme, etc., are in West Bengal, Rs.10,000 per year for one acre or
resulting in realisation of the Green, White and Blue more of cultivable land. Moreover, the Government
revolutions in the State. has extended the scheme to all land-owning farmers
irrespective of the landholding size. In a brief note
The philosophy of the Government has been that, prepared by the Indian Council for Research on
‘Everything can wait but not agriculture’ and farmers International Economic Relations (ICRIER) has
need timely access to inputs such as funds (in terms mentioned the concept and recommended this direct
of support for investment) and access to credit investment support initiated by the Government of
facilities. Further, streamlining of available farm Telangana and also stated that the Rythu Bandhu
inputs (such as seeds, fertilisers etc.) and providing scheme is a better scheme compared to other
timely extension services are critical for good yield alternatives schemes as it is simple to implement,
returns. To deal with the increased production over the more transparent and inclusive7 .
years in the State, the Government has implemented
various post-harvest management practices through Key Highlights
additional storage facilities and market linkages.
• In Vanakalam 2022, around 65 lakh farmers
Most recently, to deal with the problem of plenty, the
received investment support under the Rythu
government has initiated certain structural reforms
Bandhu scheme, of which 73.63% are marginal
such as promoting crop diversification through oil
farmers (<2.47 acre) and 17.70% are small
palm cultivation and technology enabled approach
farmers (2.48 - 4.94 acre). Large farmers

7. Gulati, A., Chatterjee, T., & Hussain, S. (2018). Supporting Indian farmers: Price support or direct
income/investment support.

50 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

 (>24.78 acres) account for only 0.1% of the total Out of the total 65 lakh beneficiaries in Vanakalam
beneficiaries. In Vanakalam 2022-23, 148 lakh 2022, 53% beneficiaries belong to BC category, 13%
acres was covered under this scheme and an each belong to SC and ST categories and ‘Others’
amount of Rs. 7,435 crores was disbursed. So category constitute around 21%.
far cumulatively, an amount of Rs. 65,192 crores
In this year 2022-23, 54%8 of the budget on the total
have been disbursed to the beneficiaries during
Agriculture and Allied activities sector have been
the last 9 seasons (from 2018-19 to 2022-23) in
earmarked for the Rythu Bandhu Scheme.
the State.

Fig 4.17(a): Landholding Fig:4.17(b) Social Category

category wise beneficiaries wise beneficiaries (in Lakhs)
under Rythu Bandhu in under Rythu Bandhu Scheme in
Vanakalam 2022-23 Vanakalam 2022

ST
8.23
Marginal (<2.47 acre) (12.67%)
47,86,111
(73.6%)
SC
8.54 BC
(13.14%) 34.81
(53.55%)

Semi-Medium
Small (2.48 – (4.95 – 9.88 Others
4.94 acre) acre) 13.41
11,50,339 4,73,387 (20.64%)
(17.7%) (7.3%)

Medium Large
(9.89 – 24.78 acre) (24.78 & above acre) Source: Department of Agriculture, Government of Telangana
84,588 5,861
(1.3%) (0.1%)
Source: Department of Agriculture, Government of Telangana

Fig 4.17(c): Status of Rythu Bandhu Scheme from Vanakalam

2018-19 to Vanakalam 2022-23
Vanakalam 2018 50.2 Vanakalam 2018 5,238

Yasangi 2018-19 49.1 Yasangi 2018-19 5,249

Vanakalam 2019 51.6 Vanakalam 2019 6,126

Yasangi 2019-20 42.4 Yasangi 2019-20 4,406

Vanakalam 2020 58.0 Vanakalam 2020 7,289

Yasangi 2020-21 59.3 Yasangi 2020-21 7,367

Vanakalam 2021 60.8 Vanakalam 2021 7,360

Yasangi 2021-22 63.0 Yasangi 2021-22 7,413

Vanakalam 2022 65.0 Vanakalam 2022 7,435

No. of Beneficiaries (in Lakhs) Amount Disbursed (in Crs.)

Source: Department of Agriculture

8. Telangana Budget Analysis 2022-23, PRS Legislative Research

Agriculture and Allied Activities 51

Box 4.5
5 years of Quick-Fix Economic Model- Rythu Bandu

Fig 4.17.1: Disbursement of Fig 4.17.2: Landholding category

agriculture investment amount wise beneficiaries under Rythu
under Rythu Bandhu scheme in Bandhu scheme in the State
the State from Vanakalam from Vanakalam 2020-2022 (in
2018-2022 (in Crores) Lakhs)
14,658 14,773 14,743
14,743 Marginal 40.63
43.71
(Less than 2.47) 47.86

10,486 10,532
Small
(2.48-4.94)
11.36
11.53
11.50

Semi-Medium 5.03
4.89
(4.95-9.88) 4.73

Medium 0.93
0.89
(9.89-24.78) 0.85

Large (24.78 and above 0.06

0.06
acres) 0.06

No. Of Farmers (In Lakhs) 2020-21 No. Of Farmers (In Lakhs) 2021-22
2022-23
No. Of Farmers (In Lakhs) 2022-23
2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23

• In order to relieve farmers from debt burden Krishi Ashirwad Yojana by the Government of
and protect from falling into the debt trap, the Jharkhand.
Government launched ‘Agriculture Investment
• Amount Disbursed: In 2018-19, an amount
Support Scheme - RythuBandhu’ for farmers in
of Rs.10,486 crore was disbursed under this
the State on 10th May 2018.
scheme. By 2022-23, the total amount disbursed
• This scheme aims at providing investment increased to 14,743 crores. The total amount
support to Agriculture and Horticulture crops disbursed has been increased by 40.60% from
by way of a grant Rs. 4,000/- per acre per the year 2018-19 to 2022-23. In the 5 years
farmer each season for purchase of inputs like since launch of the scheme, 65,192 crores have
Seeds, Fertilisers, Pesticides, Labour and other been disbursed to beneficiaries..
investments like crop insurance to the farmers
• Beneficiaries per Land Category: Since
for growing crops during the crop season. The
inception of the scheme, a total of 1,211 lakh
assistance is revised to Rs. 5,000 per acre per
acres have been covered. The coverage of
season from the year 2019-20.
Marginal farmers (Farmers with less than 2.47
• Taking a cue, the Central government and acres) has been increased substantially with
other State governments have also launched a CAGR 8.53% from Vanakalam 2020-21 to
similar schemes in their respective States and Vanakalam 2022-23. Thus, the government is
in the country. For instance, PM-KISAN by the successful in achieving the objective of helping
Government of India, Krushak Assistance for maximum number of small and marginal farmers
Livelihood and Income Augmentation (KALIA) by in the State
the Government of Odisha and Mukhya Mantri Source: Department of Agriculture, Government of Telangana

52 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

4.4.2 Agriculture Credit the first phase with an amount of Rs 408 Crores and
such amount was credited into the 2.96 lakh farmer
Credit for investment in agriculture is one of the loan accounts respectively. During the year 2021-
most important inputs for promoting sustainable 22 in the second phase, the outstanding amount of
agriculture. The government lays emphasis on the farmers up to Rs 50,000 was waived off through
timely and adequate credit support to the farmers, RBI e-Kuber payment system with an amount of
particularly on small and marginal farmers to enable Rs 799 Crores and such amount was credited into
them to adopt latest technology and improve crop the 2.46 lakh farmer loan accounts respectively and
production and income from cultivation. the Government is planning to waive off remaining
outstanding loan up to Rs. 1,00,000 to 33.84 lakh
As per the Annual Credit Plan prepared by the State
farmers with the target amount of Rs. 20,348 Crores.
Level Bankers Committee of the State, the total
annual credit plan target for the agricultural sector 4.4.3 Risk Mitigation-Rythu
during the year 2022-23 is Rs. 1,03,238 crore. Of Bima
this, an amount of Rs. 67,864 crore was allocated for
the crop loans and Rs. 19,726 crore for term loans of To provide financial relief and social security to
agriculture and other allied activities. the family members/ dependents, in case of loss
of farmer’s life due to any reason, the government
Due to the importance given by the government, the initiated a flagship group life insurance scheme-
scheduled commercial banks have increased the Rythu Bima from 2018 onwards. In the event of
credit facilities to agriculture by 112% between the the death of the enrolled farmer due to any cause
years 2015 to 2022 (from Rs. 41,300 Crore in 2015 including natural death, the insured amount of Rs
to Rs. 87,591 Crore in 2022). 5.00 Lakhs will be deposited into the account of the
designated nominee within (10) days. The farmers in
[Link] Crop loan waiver
the age group of 18 to 59 are eligible to enrol under
To reduce the debt burden, the government has the scheme. The entire premium will be borne by the
waived off the outstanding loans of the farmers State without imposing any burden on the farmer
in the State between 2014-15 to 2018-19. The and irrespective of their land holding size. This
Government has waived off the outstanding crop scheme is being implemented completely online for
loans to a tune of Rs. 16,144 Crores benefitting 35.32 enrolment, claim settlement and disbursement. The
lakh farmers in four annual instalments in the State. uniqueness of the scheme is that the nominee is not
required to approach any office for the settlement of
As per the Guidelines issued by the Government on
the claim amount. In the event of loss of life of any
the Crop Loan Waiver Scheme, it covers short term
farmer the concerned village level outreach officer
production loans and crop loans taken against gold
will collect information from the revenue department
disbursed to the farmers in the State by scheduled
and submit to the LIC on behalf of the nominee of
Commercial Banks, Cooperative Credit Institutions
the farmer. The claimed amount will be transferred
(including Urban Cooperative Banks) and Regional
to the nominee’s account.
Rural Banks collectively called as the “lending
institutions”. The amount eligible for waiver of such From the year 2018-19 to 2022-23, the Government
loans is up to Rs 1.00 lakh per family. All crop loans has settled claims to an extent of Rs. 4,771 crores
sanctioned or renewed on or after 01.04.2014 and and transferred the amount to the 95,416 bereaved
outstanding crop loans as on 11.12.2018 are eligible families.
under the scheme. The farmers who have outstanding
crop loans up to Rs. 25,000 have been waived off in

Agriculture and Allied Activities 53

Fig 4.18(a): Claims Settled Under experts in seed production of different crops. The
Government is formulating agriculture plans from
Rythu Bima Between 2018-19
time to time to enhance the self-esteem of the
and 2021-22 farmers. Seeds and Fertilisers are being supplied to
29,070 the farmers at subsidised rates at village level itself
23,093 in advance through the co-operative societies. Many
19,020 multinational companies have set up processing
17,666
units and warehouses to store the seeds produced
in the State. During the current year 2022-23, the
government has planned to distribute 1.66 lakh
quintals of green manure seed to the farmers with
a subsidy amount of Rs. 71.46 crores in the State.
2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
Given the importance of fertilisers in improving
productivity, the government is taking all steps to
Fig 4.18(b): Amount Disbursed supply them on time. Between 2014-15 to 2021-22
(in Cr) Under Rythu Bima fertiliser supplies have been increased by 46% from
25.36 lakh tonnes to 37.06 lakh tonnes.
Between 2018-19 and 2021-22
1,454 In addition to seed distribution, the State is also
involved in seed production of quality seeds and
1,155
seed certification. The Telangana State Seeds
951
883 Development Corporation (TSSDC) is the Nodal
agency for seed related activities in the State.
During the current year 2022-23, the State has
achieved a target production of 5.25 lakh quintals
of seed of different crops in the State. The seeds
produced in the State are also being supplied to the
2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
other States of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Uttar
Source: Department of Agriculture, Government of Telangana
Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Karnataka and
4.4.4 Inputs-Irrigation, Free Chattisgarh. With these initiatives, the Government
Power , Seeds and Fertilisers is ensuring food security for the people in the State
and supplying its produce to several other States in
Timely and adequate availability of inputs is vital the country. Telangana is tagged as “Seed Bowl of
for enhancing crop productivity. The government India” in the country.
maintains strict vigil and tracks the supply of seeds,
fertilisers and pesticides to the farmers in the State. Fig 4.19(a): Seed Production
To improve irrigation facilities, the government has Between 2014-15 and 2022-23
implemented multiple initiatives including supply of (in Quintals)
24x7 free power for agriculture. Telangana is the only
5,75,017
State in the country which provides uninterrupted 5,25,000
power supply for agriculture to all the farmers at no 4,44,833
4,65,284

cost. 3,94,938
3,47,124
3,18,600 3,13,956
[Link] Seeds & Fertilisers
1,56,413
Telangana is endowed with excellent climatic
conditions which are suitable for seed production of
various crops. With the available congenial climatic
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
conditions, best quality seeds are being produced
Source: Telangana State Seed Development Corporation,
in the State. The farmers in the State have become Government of Telangana

54 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Table 4.3: Crop wise Seed Production Between 2018-19 and 2022-23
(in Quintals)
Crop Name 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
Paddy 3,36,424 4,40,549 3,68,490 90,482 3,61,672
Bengal gram 53,257 78,014 80,029 50,612 30,000
Groundnut 18,351 32,553 9,927 4,212 30,000
Soybean 21,000 14,166 75 1,672 14,434
Redgram 4,886 1,708 4,029 2,350 9,885
Others 10,915 8,026 2,734 7,085 79,009
Total 4,44,833 5,75,016 4,65,284 1,56,413 5,25,000
Source: Telangana State Seeds Development Corporation, Government of Telangana

[Link] Free power for crores on irrigation projects in the State. Due to these
continuous efforts of the government, the gross
agriculture
irrigated area (GIA) has significantly increased by
Since 1st January 2018, the Government is providing 117% (from 62.48 lakh acres in 2014-15 to 135 lakh
24 hours free and quality power supply to the acres in 2021-22) and an additional new irrigation
agricultural consumers in the State. Out of the total potential of 74.32 lakh acres has been created. The
power supply in the State, about 40% is towards details of the area under irrigation from the period
agriculture. After the formation of the State, 6.6 lakh 2014-15 to 2021-22 is shown in Fig 4.20.
new agriculture connections have been released in
the State, taking the total number of agricultural
Fig 4.20: Trends in Gross Area
connections to 26.22 lakh. Since 2014-15, the Irrigated (by all sources) in the
government has incurred an amount of Rs. 49,314 State between the period from
crore towards subsidies given for the supply of 2014-15 to 2021-22 (in lakh
free power to the farmers in the State. The present acres)
power consumption has increased to 3,500 MW as 136.86 135.60
against 1,500 MW before the formation of the State.
113.27
At all India level, Telangana consumes the highest
percentage (41.25%) of electricity for agriculture 74.32 78.38 77.37

purposes (24077 GWh out of total energy sold of 62.48

50.10
58,365 GWh 9) in 2018-19.

[Link] Improving Irrigation

Facilities 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22

Assured irrigation is the main input for the crops, it will Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of
Telangana
protect the farmers in poor monsoons and thereby
increase the production and productivity of the Measures to improve Irrigation
crops. This will in turn lead to an increase in income
to the farmers. The surface irrigation particularly The Government has made enormous strides in
helps in water usage efficiency and helps maintain development and strengthening of the irrigation
groundwater levels. Since the formation of the State facilities in the State. The increase has been driven
during the period from 2014-15 to 2022-23, the by the constant efforts of the Government to create
government has incurred an amount of Rs 1,60,979 new and augment water resources on a priority

9. Agriculture Statistics at a Glance, 2021, MoAFW, GoI

Agriculture and Allied Activities 55
basis. The Government adopted a multi-pronged approach to scale up maximum irrigation coverage in the
State. The details are given in Table 4.4.

Table 4.4: Achievements and status of irrigation schemes after

formation of the State
Description of Before Formation of
Achievement after Formation of Telangana State
Initiative Telangana
Major Projects commissioned-Kaleshwaram project
(18.25 Lakh acres), Sita Rama Lift Irrigation Scheme
(3.87 Lakh acres), J. Chokka Rao Devadula Lift
Irrigation Scheme (5.58 Lakh acres), Rajeev Bhima Lift
Irrigation Scheme (2.03 Lakh acres), Mahatma Gandhi
Construction of Small LI Schemes not Kalwakurthy lift irrigation scheme (4.24 Lakh acres),
Projects functioning effectively. Jawahar Nettampadu Lift Irrigation Scheme (2.00 Lakh
acres).

Palamuru Rangareddy Lift Irrigation Scheme (PRLIS)

(12.30 Lakh acres), Devadula Lift Irrigation Scheme
(DLIS) (3.61 Lakh acres) are in progress.
Repairs were taken up 27,472 Tanks restored with an expenditure of Rs.5,349
Restoration of MI
as and when breaches Cr, stabilizing an ayacut of 15.05 Lakh acres. 8.93 TMC
Tanks
occured. of storage capacity is restored.
1,200 Checkdams sanctioned for Rs. 3,850.00 Crs. In
Construction of Check
Very few. Phase-I, 638 checkdams are in progress and remaining
dams
562 to be taken up under phase-II.
Due to unassured water Due to construction of various projects, lifts, Restoration
supply, IP utilisation was of MI tanks, Check dams, the IP utilised has increased
IP Utilization very low about 20 lakh to 97.57 Lakh acres during 2021-22 and our state
acres against 57.86 lakh became a major Paddy production state and second
acres created. largest in Paddy Procurement by FCI.
Improvement in Ground
- Ground water has increased 4.14 mt in the last 6 years.
water
No specific interest The state is ranked 3rd in inland fishery resources and
Fisheries
shown 8th in Fish production.
Source: Irrigation & CAD Department, Government of Telangana

Micro Irrigation
Micro Irrigation is encouraged by providing new drip irrigation or sprinkler systems to the farmers for more
efficient and easy use of available water. Effective utilisation of every drop of water through micro irrigation
is imperative for improving the crop productivity and production. So far (up to November, 2022) cumulatively
an extent of 20.35 lakh acres has been covered under micro irrigation. The important components of micro
irrigation systems are; Online Drip Irrigation for higher spacing crops, Inline Drip Irrigation for lower spacing
crops, Mini & Micro Sprinklers Portable and Semi Permanent & Rain Guns sprinklers.

[Link] Farm Mechanisation

Farm mechanisation in agriculture helps in increasing the crop productivity, production, reducing the cost
of cultivation and enables the farmers to complete the farming operations on time. In order to bring more
land under cultivation and to improve productivity per unit area, it is necessary to introduce mechanised
implements like powered tractors, power tillers and renewable energy. The Government is contemplating to
distribute various farm machinery and implements on subsidy basis to the farmers depending on the types

56 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

of crops grown, soil conditions, local situations and for the farmers, towards this the government has
requirements in the State. The State aims to double initiated multiple strategies in terms of pushing for
the farm mechanisation in next 3 to 4 years to tackle crop diversification (through support for Oil Palm and
the problem of shortage of farm labour. Further, other horticulture crops) and has given importance
under this scheme various other farm implements to allied sectors to diversify and gain more income
such as animal drawn implements, tractor drawn by the farmers.
implements, high cost machinery, mini tractors,
post-harvest equipment, plant protection equipment
[Link] Crop Diversification
are also being supplied to the farmers on subsidy Crop diversification is one of the best strategies
basis. Since formation of the State, an amount of Rs. recommended by the researchers for maximising the
963 crore has been spent on farm mechanisation farm income by the farmers. This will make farmer’s
(providing farm implements such as tractors, income more resilient to fluctuating prices and help
harvesters and tarpaulins, etc) covering 6.66 lakh them to gain higher farm income. The Government
farmers. So far, the government has provided 19,607 has emphasised on the importance of crop
tractors on subsidy basis to the farmers in the State. diversification, in order to avoid glut in production
and recommended crops like Groundnut, Sun flower,
4.4.5 Agriculture Extension Sesamum, Bengal gram, Black gram, Green gram,
through Rythu Vedika Jowar, Castor, Mustard, Safflower and Oil Palm.
The Government has taken an initiative to bring In 2021-22, there was a significant greater crop
farmers under one platform and help them to attain diversification (as measured by a crop diversification
higher returns by constructing Rythu Vedika (RV) in index10) in the districts of Nirmal, Vikarabad and
every Agriculture Extension Officer Cluster consisting Rangareddy (the three most diversified districts),
of 1-3 villages. So far a total of 2,601 such RV’s have compared to Peddapalli, Karimnagar and Suryapet
been constructed in the State. Each RV has been (the three least diversified).
constructed with a cost of Rs. 22 lakhs, of which Rs.
12 lakhs from the Agriculture Department and Rs. 10 Fig 4.21: District Level Crop
lakhs from MGNREGA funds. These RVs were created Diversification Index for 2021-22
to facilitate the farmers in sharing information on
crops, markets etc., to grow remunerative crops.
Further, Telangana Rythu Bhandu Samithi (TRBS)
committees have been formed at village, Mandal,
District and State level with a total membership
of 1,60,990 persons who act as a bridge between
farmers and Agriculture & Allied Departments.
Further, the Government initiated construction of
multi-purpose cement ‘Kallams’ (drying platforms)
across the State for farmers to dry their agricultural
produce.

4.4.6 Structural Reforms

As pointed out by the Committee on Doubling Farmers
Income chaired by Dr. Ashok Dalwai, one of the
weakest links in the agriculture value chain is getting
access to markets as well as to receive information
on which crops to be grown. With the increase in
production, there are chances of supply demand Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of
shocks which in turn result in less remuneration Telangana

10. The Index of Crop Diversification (CDI) value ranges between 0 and 1 and higher the value, greater the
diversification. Gibbs and Martin’s Method for Demarcating Crop Diversification has been used to compute Index of
Crop Diversification. Index of Crop Diversification = 1 - [ Σx2 / (Σx)2 ] where X is the percentage of total cropped area
under an individual crop.

Agriculture and Allied Activities 57

Fig 4.21(a): % change in the [Link] Oil palm cultivation
diversification index between Oil palm is one of the major oils traded in the global
2020-21 and 2021-22 oil markets and it is the major source of vegetable
oil in the world. So the Oil palm cultivation assumes
significance for augmenting the indigenous
availability of edible oils.

The consumption of edible oil in India is at 25 Million

MTs per annum with a per capita consumption of
19 kg/ person, whereas the production is only 12.30
million MTs. The deficit is being met through imports
from Indonesia and Malaysia spending huge foreign
exchange. At present, Oilpalm cultivation has been
taken up in 3.70 lakh Ha to produce 2.90 Lakh MTs
in the country and to attain self-sufficiency under oil
palm in the country, an additional area of 28 lakh Ha
has to be brought under cultivation of this crop.

To narrow down the gap between the demand

and supply of Vegetable Edible Oils and to reduce
dependency on imports, the Government has
Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of proposed to promote Oil palm cultivation in a big
Telangana
way in the State.
On the whole the crop diversification index has
Fig 4.23 : Oil Palm Production
been increased by 2.28% in the State between
the years 2020-21 and 2021-22. This increase in in Telangana between 2014-15
the index is even more than 10% in a few districts and 2020-21(P)11
namely Bhadradri Kothagudem, Jagtial, Mulugu and 2,50,000 16.00%
2,08,826
Wanaparthy districts. Mandal level index has also 2,00,000
1,97,632 14.00%

13.52% 12.00%
been prepared across the districts in the State. Fig 1,47,516 12.03% 1,49,488
10.00%
1,50,000
4.22 projects the mandal level crop diversification 88,119 8.99% 8.85%
8.00%
75,447
Index for the year 2021-22. 1,00,000 57,873 6.00%
6.82%
5.81% 4.00%
50,000 5.10%

Fig 4.22: Mandal Level Crop 0

2.00%

0.00%

Diversification Index for 2021-22 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

Production in Telangana (in MT)

2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 (P)

Share of Telangana in India production (Percent)

Source: Agriculture Statistics at a Glance, MoAFW, GoI.

Oil palm Area expansion in the

State:
At present, Oil palm is in an area of 68,440 acres(till
2021-22), of which, an extent of 27,376 acres was
added after formation of the State with a production
of 2.6 lakh MTs of fresh fruit bunches (FFB). Around
52,666 MT of crude Palm Oil is being produced in the
State against the requirement of 3.66 Lakh MTs. At
present there are two processing units functioning
in the State, one at Ashwaraopet and another
at Apparaopet village in Dammapet mandal of
Bhadradri Kothagudem District with a capacity of 30
tonnes per hour at each location. The details of the
Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of area covered under Oil Palm crop in the years from
Telangana
2014-15 to 2022-23 is given in Fig 4.23(a).
11 Provisional

58 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

 Box 4.6 for Oil Palm cultivation in the State, the Government
is providing assistance for taking up Oilpalm
Telangana’s Oil Palm cultivation with 50% assistance on mechanisation
Scheme tools and also planning to take up 20 lakh acres
under Oil Palm in a mission mode as part of crop
Fig 4.23 (a): Oil Palm Area in diversification. A total of 11 companies are now
the State between 2014-15 and operating in the state and they have established
2022-23 (in hectares) 30 nurseries with a capacity to raise 2.67 crore Oil
17,657 Palm seedlings.

In the State, Oilpalm Cultivation and processing is

6,124
regulated by the Telangana Oil Palm (Regulation of

1,413 2,133 1,845 Production and Processing) Act 1993 (Act No.3 of
972 471 673 870
1993). As per this act, the allotted companies shall
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
(up to
pay the FFB price as fixed by the Government to the
Nov 22) farmers on a monthly basis.
Source: Department of Horticulture, Government of Telangana.
The Government has issued orders allotting Factory
Telangana State is one of the most potential Zones for taking up oil palm expansion in newly
states for Oil Palm cultivation and stands 6th in identified locations in the State. So far an extent of
area with 68,440 acres, 2nd in production of Fresh 9.49 lakh acres potential area has been notified for
fruit Bunches and 1st in Oil Extraction (OER) with this crop cultivation in the State.
19.32% share in India. Considering the potentiality

[Link] Organic Farming it is necessary for the farmers to diversify from farm
income to non-farm income, stressed on improving
With an aim to promote sustainable agriculture, the livestock productivity and production. Animal
the government initiated the promotion of organic Husbandry activities augment the farm income
agriculture. There are two important areas where and provide additional employment to the farmers.
organic systems have higher yields compared to The State government has given importance to this
conventional cultivation. One is climate based sector and implementing various schemes to support
cultivation and small holder systems . With around12
the farmers under this sector activities.
88% of farmers in the smallholder category, the state
has high potential for performing organic cultivation Sheep Rearing and Development
and to become a model for others. Organic farming Programme (SRDP)
has an advantage in terms of producing rich
The Government has launched Sheep Rearing and
quality food, enhancing the natural resource base,
Development Programme (SRDP) with an aim
environment, increasing income (coming from the
to strengthen the rural economy and to ensure
premium price on the produce, even in the face of
sustainable livelihood to the families of the shepherd
a slight dip in the yields) and contributing to the
community in the State. Under this scheme a sheep
wellbeing of the farmers.
consisting of 21 animals(20+1) with an amount
[Link] Enhancing farmers of Rs 1.25 lakhs are being supplied with a subsidy

income through Animal component of 75% of the unit cost. An amount of

Rs 5,001 crores has been spent in the first phase
Husbandry
of implementation, a total of 82.64 lakh sheep have
On doubling the farmer’s Income, the Government of been distributed to the 3,93,552 members of Primary
India has recommended to increase farmers income, Sheep Breeder Cooperative Societies in the State.
12. Volume VI, “Strategies For Sustainability in Agriculture”,Report
of the Committee on Doubling Farmers Income.

Agriculture and Allied Activities 59

The sheep population has increased from 1.28 crore
Fodder Production and
to 1.91 crore and meat production has increased
Development
from 5.42 lakh Metric Tonnes to 10.04 lakh Metric
Tonnes between 2015-16 and 2021-22 in the State. The State has 141.31 Lakh livestock units, availability
As per 20th Livestock census, the State stood first of quality feed and fodder are the prerequisite
for improving production and productivity of the
position with a contribution of 25.72% to the total
livestock. In order to improve the accessibility of
sheep population in the country.
fodder, the Government has stressed upon supply of
With the increase in price of sheep in the open fodder seed to the needy farmers on 75% subsidy.
Accordingly 1,025 MTs of fodder seed with an
market and transportation charges, the Government
amount Rs. 8.00 Crore has been supplied to the
has enhanced the unit cost from Rs. 1,25,000 to Rs.
needy farmers so far. During the current year 2022-
1,75,000 during the second phase of implementation
23, about 51,250 acres is expected to be sown under
of the scheme (2022-23 and 2023-24) and aims to fodder crops to produce about 15.00 lakh MTs of
cover 3.50 lakh beneficiaries with a financial outlay green fodder. The government has planned to supply
of 6,085 crores in the State. the required fodder seed to the farmers during the
year 2022-23.
Fig 4.24: % Contribution of Non
Special Category States to the Poultry
Sheep Population in the Country With an annual output of 1,667 crore eggs in 2021-
(2019-20) 22, the State stood at 3rd in egg production with a
contribution of 12.98% in the country. To incentivise
Telangana 25.72% this sector, the Government has been providing free
power up to 200/unit to poultry farms since 2015.
Andhra Pradesh 23.70%

Karnataka 14.95% Fig 4.25: %Contribution of

Rajasthan 10.64% Non Special Category States
Tamil Nadu 6.06%
to National Egg Production in
Maharashtra 3.64%
2021-22
Andhra Pradesh 20.45
Gujarat 2.42% Tamil Nadu 16.49
Telangana 12.98
Odisha 1.75%
West Bengal 8.60
Uttar Pradesh 1.35% Karnataka 6.24
Haryana 5.96
Source: 20th Livestock Census
Maharashtra 5.25

Dairy sector Punjab

Uttar Pradesh
4.63
2.97
Bihar 2.47
Dairy sector is an important way for farmers to
Rajasthan 2.29
increase their earnings and access to more nutritious Madhya Pradesh 2.17
food for their families. To encourage the farmers to Odisha 1.99
take up dairying, the government has introduced a Kerala 1.81
scheme to provide Rs.4/- per litre of milk collected Chhattisgarh 1.62
as an incentive to the members of the Cooperative Gujarat 1.58

dairies by directly crediting the amount to their Jharkhand 0.64

respective bank accounts every month 29.39 lakh Goa 0.03

beneficiaries have been enrolled in the scheme and

Source: RBI Handbook of statistics on Indian Economy 2021-22
an amount of Rs. 361 crore is spent on the scheme.
The milk production has increased by 38% (from 42 Aquaculture
lakh tons in 2014-15 to 58 lakh tons in 2021-22). The
milk procurement has gone up to 5.60 lakh litres from Fisheries is one of the fast growing sectors generating
1.17 lakh litres per day. high income and employment in the State. This sector

60 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

plays an important role in the overall socio-economic has reduced their dependence on middle-men for
development of the fishermen families by providing selling of their produce. This has further enthused
good income and nutritional food to the population. the farmers in the direction of increased cultivation.
Recognizing the potential of the fisheries sector, the Below table provides the details of paddy and cotton
government has taken up various initiatives such procurement done in 2019-20 and 2020-21.
as enhancing seed production by strengthening
government seed hatcheries, stocking of advanced Table 4.5: Procurement of Paddy
fingerlings in the water bodies and promotion of new (2019-20 to 2021-22) and
technologies. Telangana is the only State where all Cotton ( 2019-20 and 2020-21)
suitable water bodies are stocked with adequate
[Link]
numbers of quality fish seed by providing 100% Quantity Purchase
Farmers
Crop Year Purchased Value
grant. To provide employment opportunities to Benefited
(LMTs) (Crores)
(lakhs)
women groups, 150 numbers of customised vehicles,
2019-20 111.26 19.74 20,384
designed for dual usage of raw fish sales and
Ready-to-Eat fish food are being provided in GHMC Paddy 2020-21 141.07 21.63 26,609

limits and in the districts with an outlay of Rs 15.00 2021-22 120.61 22.43 23,605

crores. For the welfare of the fisheries community, Total 372.94 70,598

the Government has taken up “Integrated Fisheries 2019-20 21.62 9.15 11,749
Cotton
Development Scheme” to provide assistance to 2020-21 17.89 5.49 10,167

fishers with an outlay of Rs 1,000 crores in 2017-18, Total 39.51 21,916

with the funds of National Cooperative Development Source: Department of Civil Supplies and Cotton Corporation of India

Corporation (NCDC). The incentives and the support

The Civil Supplies Department, through its
by the Government, the Fish and Prawns production
Corporation Limited has purchased huge quantities
has been increased in the State. Fish and Prawns
of paddy in the last 7 years (see below) ensuring
production has increased from 2.68 lakh tonnes (2.6
the Minimum Support Price to all the farmers. The
lakh tonnes of Fish and 0.08 lakh tonnes of Prawns)
transparent and farmer-friendly procurement system
in 2014-15 to 3.90 lakh tonnes (3.76 lakh tonnes of
has benefitted lakhs of farmers in the past few years.
Fish and 0.14 lakh tonnes of Prawns) in 2021-22.
The value of the production also increased from Rs. Fig 4.26 depicts % of procurement made by
2,637 crore to Rs. 5,860 crore in the above period. the State agencies over the years. During the
years of uncertainty, the procurement made by
4.4.7 Market Linkages the government has helped the farmers to get
While increased productivity is an essential remunerative prices in the State.
component of a vibrant agricultural sector, improved
Fig 4.26: Paddy Procured by the
marketing connectivity, post harvest handling and
processing is also essential to ensure high quality
Government Between 2015-16
products reach the market. Effective post harvest and 2021-22 (in lakh MT)
management allows not only the minimisation of
141.07
losses but also increases the value of marketed 120.61
111.26
agriculture products. The details of the initiative 77
65
57 62 60
51 54 77.46
taken by the government in this regard are given
53.69 53.99
below.
23.56

[Link] Procurement 2015–16 2016–17 2017–18

Paddy Procured (in Lakh MT)

2018–19 2019–20 2020-21 2021-22

% of Procurement done out of Total Production

Well-organised, efficient, and timely procurement Source: Department Of Civil Supplies and Directorate of Economics
and Statistics, Government of Telangana
of paddy by the government from the farmers

Agriculture and Allied Activities 61

The same mechanism of procurement is also being
[Link] Milling and warehouse
followed in case of rice procurement by the Food capacity in the state
Corporation of India (FCI). Fig 4.27 below depicts
the trends in rice procured by FCI among major Since the formation of the State, the government
contributors. The share of the State has increased has been consciously working towards building
over the years. Despite the recent vagaries from agricultural infrastructure capacity in the State.
the central government, the State has contributed There are 2,200 Rice Mills all over the State with a
around 14% in the year 2021-22. capacity of one crore tonnes of rice per year13. In the
past, these mills could not get paddy to the extent of
Fig 4.27: %Contribution of Top installed capacity in the State. Due to the progressive
5 States in Paddy Procurement agriculture focused policies of the Government, the
situation has changed and presently there is an
by the Food Corporation of India
abundant supply of paddy. However, in the face of
from 2015-16 to 2021-22 increase in paddy production there is a need to build
more new Rice Mills in the State. The government
2015-16 27.35% 4.62% 12.68% 9.86% 10.07%
is planning to provide more facilities and create a
2016-17 29.03% 9.45% 9.78% 9.53% 10.56% conducive environment for rice millers in the State.
2017-18 31.09% 9.50% 10.50% 8.63% 8.42%
Fig 4.29 : Year-wise Storage
2018-19 25.63% 11.73% 10.87% 9.91% 8.85% Capacity of Foodgrains in the
2019-20 21.06% 14.43% 10.71% 9.15% 9.71% State between 2017 to 2021 (in
2020-21 22.65% 15.75% 9.44% 8.63% 7.94%
lakh MTs)
124.25
2021-22 21.24% 13.50% 7.55% 8.06% 10.44%

Punjab Telangana A.P. Odisha Chattisgarh

Source: Food Corporation of India

33.42
Coming to the procurement of cotton, Fig 4.28 27.37 28.85
17.52 17.09
provides the details of cotton procured by the Cotton
Corporation of India in 2020-21. It is important to
note that almost 40% of total procurement belongs 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017-21

to the Telangana State out of the total procurement Source: RBI Handbook of statistics on Indian Economy 2021-22

made by the CCI in the country.

Further, Telangana State Warehousing Corporation
was set up by the Government to increase the
Fig 4.28: Details of Procurement
warehousing facilities in the State. After formation
of Cotton by the Cotton of the State, the Agricultural Marketing Department
Corporation of India in 2020-21 with the assistance of NABARD has constructed 457
(in 000 bales of 170 Kg each) Godowns at 347 locations with a storage capacity of
17.35 LMTs with an amount of Rs.1,024 crores in the
State, resulting in increase of total godowns to 1,167
3,401
and storage capacity to 24.73 lakh MTs in the State.

1,751 [Link] Agriculture exports

1,057
911
536 444 415 342
Agricultural exports are expected to play a pivotal
205 126
role in doubling the farmers income and linking
agriculture production to the export market is a
critical step, in achieving this, the government has
been striving for all possible linkages to the export
Source: Agricultural Statistics at Glance, MoAFW, GoI markets. Among the exports, cereals, spices, meat
and cotton are the top commodities in the State.
13. [Link]

62 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Fig 4.30: Agriculture and Allied markets at States across the country through a
common online platform thus streamlining marketing/
Exports in 2021-22-Telangana transaction procedure and promoting efficient
(in Crore) functioning of the markets.

3,053 Around 175 commodities such as Food grains, Oil

seeds, Fruits and Vegetables are traded on e-NAM.
1,936 Currently, e-NAM is being implemented in 57
1,480 Agricultural Market Committees (AMC) across the
State. The AMC, Nizamabad and Kesamudram have
been awarded with the Prime Minister’s Excellence
268
award for successful implementation of e-NAM. The
Cotton Cereals Spices,Coffee, Tea & Meat and Edible Meat
State is the first in the country to implement Weighing
Mate Offal Integration and Payments under e-NAM. A brief
Cotton Cereals Spices,Coffee, Tea & Mate Meat and Edible Meat Offal account of achievements under e-NAM are provided
Source: State Export Commissioner, Commerce & Export Promotion in Table 4.6.
Department, Government of Telangana

[Link] Food Processing Table 4.6: Achievements Under

e- NAM (as of 31st Oct. 2022)
Food processing sector helps in providing alternate
employment and a local market to the farmers. It also Quantity Traded (Lakh MTs) 48.82
helps in transferring market oriented best practices, Volume (Crores) 16,469
technology and other inputs to the farmers. Considering Number of traders registered 5,788
the rich agriculture raw material base, the State has Number of commission agents 4,727
come up with Telangana State Food Processing policy registered
with an objective to set up food processing units, in view Number of farmers registered 18,23,649
of the rising food production in the State. Telangana
Source: Agriculture Marketing Department
accounts for substantial agricultural produce ranging
from rice, maize, lemon, grapes, mango and soybean.
In particular, the State accounted for the highest 4.5. Way Forward
production of turmeric and sweet orange. Under the
Since the formation of the State, the GSVA by
new policy, Rice mill industries, pulses, oilseeds, fruits,
flowers, vegetables, meat, chicken, fish, milk, and dairy the agriculture and allied activities had increased
products food processing units would be set up. by 186% (from 2014-15 to 2022-23 (PAE)) and
Since 2017, the food processing sector had a fixed the State was the top contributor to the total FDI
capital investment of Rs 2,376 crores from 2,140 inflows in the Agriculture service sector of the
enterprises creating additional employment for
country with a share of 26.32% (between October
29,841 personnel. The food processing policy provides
2019 to September 2021)14 . These achievements
attractive financial incentives including rebates on
inputs such as power and water for units coming are attributed to a slew of measures taken by the
up in these zones. Further, it provides plug and play Government to boost the sector’s growth, increase
infrastructure and special support for farmer producer farmers’ incomes, and improve farmers’ welfare.
groups, self-help groups and vulnerable sections of the
Further, the Government is deploying Artificial
society.
Intelligence and other technologies through pilots
In order to explore the possibility of potential trade
& investments in several key focus sectors, involving
such as AI4AI-Artificial Intelligence for Agricultural
agro-based food processing, the Government has Innovation through the Saagu-Baagu program and
signed an MoU with the Thai Government. Further, the Area Estimation through Remote Sensing. These
government is working with GoI in “Formalisation of initiatives aim at improving productivity, efficiency
Micro Food Processing Enterprises” with an outlay of
and sustainability in the agriculture sector and help
Rs.10,000 Crore is being implemented over a period of
to bring global competitiveness to the sector in a way
five years from 2020-21 to 2024-25.
that is profitable and sustainable for farmers. Thus,
[Link] e-NATIONAL
with prudence and fine initiatives, the State persists
AGRICULTURE MARKET e-NAM):
in being the Rice Bowl of India and is continuing to
e-NAM was launched with a vision to promote
make headway towards Bangaru Telangana.
uniformity in agriculture marketing by integrating
14. Agricultural Statistics at a Glance 2021

Agriculture and Allied Activities 63

 CHAPTER

5
INDUSTRIES

64 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

 Key Highlights
l In the year 2022-23, the industries l Government of Telangana signed an
sector’s contribution to the state’s MoU with the Thailand government
Gross Value Added (GSVA) was for mutual cooperation in SMEs and
18.96%, whereas it provided startups and this is the first time
employment to 21% of the working in history that an MoU has been
population. There was a 10.51% signed between the Thai Ministry of
increase in the Nominal GVA of the Commerce and a State government
industrial sector from 2021-22 to of India.
2022-23.
l During 2021-22, merchandise goods
l Between 2014-15 and 2022-23, 2 worth Rs. 81,971 crore were exported
out of 4 sub-sectors of the state’s by the state. Pharmaceutical goods
industrial sector have recorded a and Organic Chemicals constituted
higher Compound Annual Growth 57.31% of the total goods exported.
Rate(CAGR) than the CAGR at the The USA was the largest importer
national level. The Manufacturing of goods from Telangana, importing
sector’s CAGR in Telangana was over 28.13% of all exports by value.
roughly 1.4 times that at the national
l Telangana was included in the Top
level and the Electricity and Utilities
Achievers category in the latest
sector’s CAGR was approximately 1.1
edition (2020) of Ease of Doing
times the national CAGR.
Business rankings which were
l Between 2014-15 and 2021-22, the recently announced in 2022 and since
CAGR of the state’s industrial sector 2016 it has been consistently ranked
(10.12%) is second highest among among the top 3 states in India.
the South Indian states, whereas the
CAGR of the state’s Manufacturing l In the Export Preparedness Index
sub-sector (12.21%) was the highest. 2021, Telangana has scored 100 in
the Business environment indicator.
l According to the Periodic Labour Force
Survey 2020-21, ‘Manufacturing’ l T-Hub has competed against 55
sub- sector employing 10.95% and incubators at the national level and
‘Construction’ sub-sector employing has bagged the “Best Incubator in
8.82% of the total working population India ‘’ award at the National Startup
are the two major sub-sectors that Awards 2022 of the DPIIT, Ministry of
have led to maximum employment Commerce and Industry, for its efforts
creation in the state. to support the growth of the startup
ecosystem in Telangana.
l In 2022-23 (upto January 2023),
TS-iPASS has approved 2518 units l “Skyroot Aerospace’’, a startup
bringing in new investments worth incubated in T-Hub has gained the
Rs. 20,237 crore. distinguished status of developing
India’s first private rocket called
“Prarambh”.

Industries 65
5.1 Role of Industry and its 5.1.1. Sub-sectoral Analysis
Contribution to the State [Link]. Sub-sectoral
Economy Contribution
Industrialization has played a crucial role in bringing
about economic development and in raising Major chunk of the GVA contribution of the industrial
the productivity of the economy across nations sector comes from the ‘Manufacturing’ sub-sector
worldwide. Industrialization opens numerous which accounts for 58.98% of the nominal GVA of
avenues for employing surplus labour, thereby lifting the industrial sector. The rest of it comes from the
economic stagnation. Industrialization also leads to
‘Construction’, ‘Mining and Quarrying’, and ‘Electricity
technological advancement and results in the overall
and other Utilities’ sub-sectors (see Figure 5.2).
progress of society and therefore it must be focused
upon to achieve developmental goals.
Figure 5.2 Contribution of
The Government of Telangana through its Industrial Industry Sub-sectors to GSVA
Policy Framework has envisaged achieving inclusive
at current prices (PAE) (Rs.
growth whereby all the sections of the state are
equally benefited. Since its formation in the year 2,26,492 crore) in Telangana
2014, the state has made continuous efforts for (2022-23)
the growth of the industrial sector, which has
resulted in increased investments and employment 21,859
9.65%
opportunities. 27,917
12.33%
Industrial sector GVA of Telangana at current prices
(PAE) for 2022-23 stood at Rs. 2,26,492 crore which
43,123 1,33,593
also includes ‘Mining and Quarrying’. This accounts 19.04% 58.98%

for 18.96% of Telangana’s Gross State Value Added

(GSVA).

In 2022-23, the GVA of the Industrial sector in Manufacturing ( Rs 133,593 crores ) Construction ( Rs 43,123 crores )
Mining and quarrying ( Rs 27,917 crores ) Electricity & Utilities ( Rs 21,859 crores )
Telangana grew by 10.51%, compared to 2021-22.
For the same period, the national industrial sector Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation,
GVA grew by 14.96% in nominal terms. Government of India, 2022

During the period 2014-15 to 2021-22, among [Link]. Sub-sectoral Growth

the South Indian States, the CAGR of Telangana
is highest in the Manufacturing sub-sector and is Two out of four key sub-sectors (Electricity and
second highest in the Industries sector as a whole. other Utilities and Manufacturing) within Industries
achieved a higher Compound Annual Growth Rate
Figure 5.1 Statewise nominal
(CAGR) than their national counterparts between
CAGR growth within the Industries 2014-15 and 2022-23 (see Figure 5.3). The nominal
sector, Manufacturing sub-sector, GSVA of Electricity and other utilities witnessed a
and Construction sub-sector for 14.61% Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR)
the South Indian States ( 2014-15 between 2014-15 and 2022-23, roughly 1.1 times
to 2021-22) the national CAGR for the sub-sector. This is
followed by the Manufacturing sector, with a CAGR
7.92% 7.28% 5.04%
6.66% of 11.85%, approximately 1.4 times the national

10.07% 5.12% 12.21% CAGR for the sub-sector. This mirrors the successful
11.02%
9.63%
implementation of the government-formulated
7.64%

10.38% 9.73% 10.12%

policies and the state was successful in carrying out
8.47%
5.90%
the reforms of the Business Reform Action plan,2020
Andhra Pradesh Karnataka Kerala Tamil Nadu Telangana
CAGR (2014-15 to 2021-22) Construction CAGR (2014-15 to 2021-22) Manufacturing
of the Department for Promotion of Industry
CAGR (2014-15 to 2021-22) Industries sector

Source: RBI Handbook of Statistics on Indian States, 2021-22

66 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

and Internal Trade. This is testified by the state’s Construction and Manufacturing account for 41.99%
performance in Ease of Doing Business rankings and 52.15% of the industrial workforce, whereas the
where Telangana ranked in the top three states’ since other two sub-sectors together account for 5.86%.
its inception in 2016. This was aided by the state’s
vision of creating business-friendly infrastructure like Figure 5.4 Number of people
industrial parks, Special Economic Zones, logistics working in different sub-
facilities, and other amenities that has propelled the sectors in the Industry Sector in
state to become an attractive investment destination Telangana (2020-21)2
to competent investors. For instance,TS-iPASS, since 3%
3%
its introduction in 2014 has cumulatively granted
approvals to 22,110 units which have brought in
investments worth Rs. 2,53,575 crore and created
employment for 17,26,178 individuals.
42% 52%
Figure 5.3 Sub-sector-wise
nominal CAGR growth within
Industries for Telangana and
India (2014-15 to 2022-23) Manufacturing Construction
Mining & Quarrying Electricity and other Utilities
14.61%

13.16%
Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, GoI;
11.85%
10.89% Periodic Labour Force Survey, 2020-21
9.37%
8.34% 8.37%
5.2. Major Initiatives of the
5.65%
State to Promote Industrial
Development
Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity & other utility Construction
5.2.1. Telangana State-Industrial
Telangana
services

India
Project Approval and Self-
Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation,
Certification System (TS-iPASS)
Government of India, 2022
TS-iPASS was enacted in 2014 which provides
[Link]. Employment clearances to all projects within 30 days and as
Contribution per Invest India portal, it is recognized as one of the
shortest periods across the country. The introduction
The Periodic Labour Force Survey 2020-21, reports of TS-iPASS has eased the administrative burden of
that 21% of the working population in the state setting up industries in the state to a great extent.
are employed by the industries sector. That is This system is crucial to implementing the ‘Right to
approximately 29,90,043 working persons in the Clearance’ guaranteed to industrialists by the state.
state are engaged in the industry sector1 . Within This guarantee is unique to Telangana and has
the sector, Construction and Manufacturing are sub- been instrumental in Telangana’s consistently high
sectors that provide the largest share of employment ranking in Ease of Doing Business (EoDB), compiled
to the workforce in the state, employing 8.82% and by the Department of Promotion of Industry and
10.95% of the state’s working persons, respectively. Internal Trade (DPIIT), since 2016. Figure 5.5 shows
The other two sub-sectors together employ 1.23% the number of approvals given, under TS-iPASS,
of the state’s workforce. As shown in Figure 5.4, since 2014-15.

1 All absolute figures on employment in industries are estimated figures calculated based on PLFS data, and may vary
slightly from the actual figures.

2. All figures are estimated from PLFS 2020-21, and might differ slightly from actual figures.

Industries 67
Figure 5.5 Number of Approvals [Link]. District-wise
given under TS-iPASS (2015 to Performance
January 2023)
Between 2015 and January 2023:
4,116

3,036
3,431
• Medchal-Malkajgiri (21.20%), Sangareddy
2,803 2,796
2518
(8.01%), and Rangareddy (7.54%) were the top
1,531
1,705
three districts in terms of approvals received for
setting up of business units (see Figure 5.7A).
174

2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022 2022-2023

(Upto • Rangareddy (32.15%), Nalgonda (11.17%),
January
2023)
and Bhadradri Kothagudem (9.05%) districts
Source: TS-iPASS, 2023
received the highest investments in the state

A total of 22,110 proposals were approved between (see Figure 5.7B).

2014-15 and 2022-23 (upto January 2023) with an • Rangareddy (56.66%), Warangal (11.12%), and
investment of Rs.2,53,575 crore. These investments Sangareddy (8.04%) are the top three districts
have provided employment to 17.26 lakh people in with the highest employment generation through
the state. the investments received under TS-iPASS across

Compared to 2015-16, the first full financial year the state (see Figure 5.7C).

when the TS-iPASS was in force, the number of

Figure 5.7A Number of units
approvals made through TS-iPASS has increased
approved through TS-iPASS
considerably by 2022-23 (upto January 2023), with
a CAGR of 7.4%. Though the number of approvals
across Telangana’s districts
given in 2022-23 (upto Jan 2023) is only 2518, (2015-January 2023)
investments made so far are Rs 20,237 crore, higher
than the investments of Rs. 18,916 crore made in
2021-22. Of all the units approved since 2014-15,
96% are MSME units, while 4% are large or mega
enterprises. (Figure 5.6)

Figure 5.6 Percentage of Total

Approvals under TS-iPASS by
Industry size for Manufacturing
Sector (2015-January 2023)
Share by Size of industries (%)

Share of Approvals 65.4 27.9

2.7 3.0 1.0

Share of Investment 3.2 10.4 7.3 19.9 59.3

Share of Employment 17.4 21.0 8.5 11.2 41.8

Source: TS-iPASS, 2023

Micro Enterprises Small Enterprises Medium Enterprises Large Enterprises Mega Enterprises

Source: TS-iPASS, 2023

68 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Figure 5.7B Investments(in crore) [Link]. Sector-wise Performance
by firms approved through of the industries approved
TS-iPASS across Telangana’s through TS-iPASS
districts (2015-January 2023) The sectoral distribution of the units approved under
TS-iPASS is shown in Figure 5.8A to Figure 5.8C

• There has been a steady rise in the number of

approvals given to Food Processing and Agro
industries between 2015-16 and 2022-23,
achieving a CAGR of 8.3% in this period. This
reflects the progress of Telangana’s Food Policy
instituted by the state (see Figure 5.8A).

• Cement and Cement products have attracted

an increasing share of total investment, going
from below 0.4% of total investment in 2015-
16 to 10.3% of all investments in 2022-23(up
to January 2023). Similarly, Plastic and Rubber
products have attracted an investment of 17.8%
in 2022-23(up to January 2023) a significant
increase from 1.8% in 2015-16.

• Between 2016-17 and 2020-21, the IT sector

remained the dominant sector producing new
Source: TS-iPASS,2023 employment, contributing upwards of 50% of all
new employment generated by firms approved
Figure 5.7C Employment through TS-iPASS. However, the bulk of new
generated by firms approved employment (36.9%) in 2021-22 and (15.1%)
through TS-iPASS across in 2022-23 (up to Jan 2023) came from the
Telangana’s districts Pharmaceutical sector. This reflects the success
(2015-January 2023) of the Government in attracting new investment
and employment through the development of
Medical Devices Park, Sultanpur in Sangareddy
district, and the Pharma City in Hyderabad.

Figure 5.8A Sector-Wise Number

of Units approved by TS-iPASS
(2015-January 2023)

Sector-Major 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23

Engineering 219 376 632 639 576 565 682 488

Food Processing 233 235 401 469 466 651 1,032 639

Agro Based Including Cold Storages 182 152 290 291 449 573 467 87
Cement, Cement & Concrete
95 139 236 269 284 490 298 182
Products, Fly Ash Bricks

Granite And Stone Crushing 136 165 257 198 236 235 232 172

Others 666 638 987 930 1,025 917 1,405 950

Sector-Major
Total 1,531 1,705 2,803 2,796 3,036 3,431 4,116 2,518

Source: TS-iPASS, 2023

Source: TS-iPASS, 2023

Industries 69
Figure 5.8B Sector-Wise [Link]. Telangana State
Investment (in Rs. crore) Industrial Development and
attracted through TS-iPASS Entrepreneur Advancement
(T-IDEA)
(2015-January 2023)
Sector-Major (5.8b) 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 Under T-IDEA, the state offers incentives to
entrepreneurs for setting up industries by
Industrial Parks And It Buildings 2,480 5,078 6,980 19,458 24,483 1,152 2,022 2,128

3,084 886 2,179 2,164 2,139 4,694 7,134 1,780

reimbursing stamp duty, power cost, offering interest

Pharmaceuticals And Chemicals

Solar And Other Renewable Energy 3,334 1,513 11,675 389 384 3,039 164 2,051

Plastic And Rubber 518 428 724 756 775 957 2,598 3,600
and investment subsidies, capital assistance, and
Fertlizers Organic And
Inorganic,Pesticides,Insecticides, And 3,190 60 58 60 5,288 72 24 26
other support with Quality Control and Patent
Other Related

Others 16,373 26,271 36,662 11,681 7,452 6,180 6,974 10,652 Registration. Cumulatively, since the formulation of
Sector-Major (5.8b)
Total 28,979 34,236 58,278 34,508 40,521 16,094 18,916 20,237
T-IDEA in 2014-15, the Government has sanctioned
24,470 claims amounting to Rs. 3457.91 crore under
* The Investment from Thermal Power Sector this scheme up to January 2023. For 2022-23 (up
to Nov 2022) 2,127 claims were sanctioned for an
from 2015-16 to 2022-23(upto 9th Jan 2023) is
amount of Rs.395.45 crore.
Rs.61,374.41 crore which is included in ‘OTHERS’ in
Fig. 5.8B Figure 5.9 Total Number of
Source: TS-iPASS, 2023 Claims and Amount (in Rs. crore)
Figure 5.8C Sector-Wise sanctioned under T-IDEA (2014-
Employment Generated through 15 to 2022-23(upto January
TS-iPASS (2015-January 2023) 2023))
Sector-Major1 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 4,000 600
Real Estate,Industrial
22,150 42,216 1,81,520 3,31,795 2,46,982 98,958 214 6,436 3,500
Parks And It Buildings 504.06 500
Textiles 631 1,786 2,051 1,89,594 3,634 3,963 2,418 1,217 3,000 442.44
410.98 417.35 400
2,500 395.45
Pharmaceuticals And 368.66 369.93
18,881 7,864 13,105 13,008 9,794 14,215 37,403 11,019
Chemicals
2,000 297.77 300
Food Processing 12,947 5,381 9,660 12,548 8,735 10,376 11,435 7,567 251.27
1,500
200
Engineering 4,618 5,547 12,452 11,315 12,108 8,148 12,106 8,528 1,000
100
2,180

1,561

2,784

3,135

3,512

3,455

2,706

3,010

2127
Others 35,169 35,872 56,175 41,673 34,354 27,516 37,902 38,141 500
Sector-Major1 0 0
Total 94,396 98,666 2,74,963 5,99,933 3,15,607 1,63,176 1,01,478 72,908

Source: TS-iPASS, 2023

Claims Sanctioned Amount

5.2.2. Incentives for Industrial Source: T-IDEA, 2023

Development
[Link] Telangana State Program
T-IDEA (Telangana State Industrial Development
for Rapid Incubation Dalit
and Entrepreneur Advancement) and T-PRIDE
(Telangana State Program for Rapid Incubation
Entrepreneurs (T-PRIDE)
Dalit Entrepreneurs incentive scheme) are important T-PRIDE is targeted specifically towards making
components of the state’s industrial policy. While the industrial sector more equitable by increasing
T-IDEA is aimed at using subsidies to promote the representation of entrepreneurs from the
industrial development in Telangana, T-PRIDE Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Women and
is the state’s flagship programme to encourage Specially-abled Persons (SAP). Similar to T-IDEA,
entrepreneurship among historically marginalized the scheme offers various incentives, subsidies, and
groups like the SC and ST community, women, and reimbursements such as preferential allotment of
specially-abled persons. industrial plots in industrial parks, providing direct
funding and margin money, arranging subcontracts
with large industries, additional investment
subsidies, and other subsidies, creating a pool of civil
contractors, etc.

70 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Cumulatively, since the introduction of T-PRIDE in the Government of India, Micro, Small and Medium
2014-15, the Government has sanctioned 61,258 enterprises (MSMEs) account for 95% of all industrial
claims amounting to Rs.2,759.3 crore under this units and employ over 100 million people across
scheme up to January 2023. In 2022-23 (up to the country, second to the agricultural sector. The
January 2023) the total number of claims sanctioned growth of the MSME sector is crucial to widening
was 7,596 for an amount of Rs.354.64 crore. the industrial base of the state, enhancing livelihood
opportunities, and fostering entrepreneurship and
Figure 5.10 shows the total amount released under
productivity in upstream and downstream sectors.
T-PRIDE. Between 2015-16 and 2022-23, the
As per TS-iPASS, nearly 19,139 MSME units started
disbursements increased by almost 283%.
operations between 2015 and January 2023,
Figure 5.10 Year-wise Amounts generating employment for 3.53 lakh people.
released under T-PRIDE in Data available on the UDYAM portal of the
Rs. crore (2014-15 to 2021-22) Ministry of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises
29.16
15.28
reflects that the MSMEs are majorly concentrated
10.54
in Hyderabad, Rangareddy, Medchal-Malkajgiri,
16.60 21.25 10.87
212.54 291.25
Nalgonda, Nizamabad, and Karimnagar districts,
137.8 147.71 200.12 with Hyderabad accounting for the highest share
2.54 221.27
104.08
of MSMEs among all the districts (Figure 5.11). The
0.00 0.02 majority of new units registered on the UDYAM portal
211.81 195.33 202.84
19.91 38.63 131.66
163.09 162.93
122.82 are micro-units (95 %), with less than Rs. 1 crore in
35.24 54.01
investment and less than Rs. 5 crore in turnover. To
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
tap the growth potential and employment generation
SC ST Specially-abled Persons
potential of the MSME sector, the Government has
launched several initiatives, as mentioned in the
Source: T-PRIDE, 2023 following sections, for achieving targeted growth of
this sector.
5.2.3. Telangana State Industrial
Infrastructure Corporation Figure 5.11 District-wise Number
(TSIIC)
of MSMEs, Telangana (According
TSIIC is the nodal agency for developing industrial to Registrations on UDYAM
parks in Telangana. It has been allotted over 1.5
lakh acres of government land for this purpose.
Portal as of 9th January 2023)
Between 2014 and 2022, the corporation has
identified and acquired 28,500 acres of the said
land, generating over 3.14 lakh jobs and investing
Rs. 7.57 lakh crore. Some of the flagship projects of
the TSIIC are Hyderabad Pharma city, the industrial
park at Zaheerabad, Kakatiya Mega Textile park,
Electronics manufacturing clusters, Fibreglass
composite cluster, industrial parks at Chandanvelly
and Dandumalkapur, Sultanpur’s Medical Devices
Park, Women’s park at Sultanpur, Mega food park at
Buggapadu, apparel weaving park at Sircilla. A total
of 59 industrial parks have already been developed,
while 70 are underway.

5.2.4. Micro, Small and Medium

Enterprises (MSMEs)
According to the Invest India portal maintained by Source: UDYAM, Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium enterprises,
2023

Industries 71
[Link]. Industrial Health Clinics Dial in March 2022 to increase the ease of doing
online business for MSMEs in Telangana. Just Dial
Telangana Industrial Health Clinic Limited (TIHCL) will provide registered MSMEs of the State with free
is a Non-Banking Financial Company set up by the listing facilities and other services under the MoU for
Government of Telangana in 2017 for the revival a period of 3 years.
and rehabilitation of sick MSEs, and it is one of
its kind in the entire country. The TIHCL focuses [Link]. TS Globallinker
on providing ex-post diagnostics to non-willful
In 2019, the Government launched TS Globallinker
defaulters, extending financial support to pay off the
- a digital networking platform that helps MSMEs
‘critical amount’ necessary to prevent assets from
contact global buyers and sellers, and get appraised
turning into NPAs, and providing special assistance
about opportunities in the sector. Currently, 3.5 lakh
to female-led firms and businesses in Telangana.
SMEs globally, with over 7,000 SMEs from Telangana
TIHCL’s key engagements included consulting,
have registered on the platform. An online mall, ‘Made
advising, lending, and providing bridge and margin
in Telangana’, was launched on 8th Nov 2021, and it
financing to sanctioned initiatives. From 2017 to
supports the entrepreneurs in the state by providing
2022, TIHCL had resolved 442 inquiries of which 52
them with commission-free services and increased
were provided with funding amounting to Rs. 500.28
outreach. The platform curates the finest products
lakhs. TIHCL has started a new initiative of Doorstep
and crafts of the state, including pearls, apparel,
engagement with the stressed Micro and Small
home decor, consulting, appliances, services, and
entrepreneurs at the industrial clusters. The aim of
more.
this initiative is to provide adequate help by being
more involved and it intends to resolve both financial [Link]. Telangana State Trade
and non-financial issues faced by businesses at the Promotion Corporation Limited
ground level. (TSTPC Ltd.)
[Link]. Collaborations to TSTPC was incorporated in 2014 to promote the
support MSMEs trade and industry of the state. Some of its broad
objectives include undertaking promotional activities
Department of Industries and Commerce collaborated
like participating in national and international trade
with multiple entities to support MSMEs in the state.
exhibitions and seminars, establishing logistics
In the year 2022, the Government of Telangana
and promotional infrastructure, and manufacturing
signed an MoU with the Thailand government to kick
all kinds of paper products. TSTPC has developed
start the cooperation in startups through T-Hub and
a Container Freight Station at Mamidipally,
in SMEs through“[Link]” of Thailand and
Shamshabad, and is the implementing agency for
TS GlobalLinker of Telangana state. The aim of the
the development of a Multi Modal Logistics Park at
MoU is to promote trade and investment between
Parkibanda village near Toopran, Manoharabad
both economies in key focus sectors, mainly agro-
Mandal, Medak District. To promote trade,
based food processing and wood-based industry.
TSTPC, with the help of organizations like the
The Government of Telangana also inked MoUs
Federation of Indian Exports Organisation(FIEO),
with the National Stock Exchange(NSE), and the
and the Federation of Telangana Chambers of
Small Industries Development Bank of India(SIDBI)
Commerce and Industry (FTCCI), is conducting
to aid the growth of the MSMEs in the state. As
Export Awareness Programmes for exporters,
part of the MoU, NSE will create awareness and
manufacturers, and entrepreneurs in the districts.
guide the corporates for fundraising on the NSE
TSTPC has set up Telangana State Pavilion in
Emerge platform and help them in the listing
the Indus Food Expo (January 8-10, 2023) to help
process. SIDBI as part of their agreement will set
MSMEs and Startups in the Food Processing Sectors
up a project management unit(PMU) to work with
to showcase their products. TSTPC is the State Nodal
the government. An MoU was signed with Just

72 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Agency for the Raising and Accelerating of MSME various sectors such as Lifesciences, FinTech, Agri
Performance(RAMP) scheme of the Government of Tech, Digital, etc. The Innovation policy of the state
India. and the incentives provided to the start-ups have
made the state a fertile ground for many emerging
[Link]. Prime Minister’s startups and some of them have gone on to gain
Employment Generation national prominence. A startup called “Darwin Box”
Programme (PMEGP) is the first startup from Telangana that joined the
unicorn club and another startup called “Skyroot
Funded by the Central Government and administered
Aerospace”, incubated at T-Hub has gained the
by the Telangana State Khadi Village Industries
distinguished status of developing India’s first private
Board (TSKVIB), this scheme provides margin money
rocket called “Prarambh”.
to khadi enterprises in rural Telangana. It is a credit-
linked subsidy program for newly established micro- The Government has established T-Hub in 2015
enterprises. The TSKVIB disbursed Rs.2137.13 to enable and empower the innovation ecosystem
lakh under this scheme in 2022-23 (till December in the state, and to create an impact for startups,
2022), providing support to 422 units. Rangareddy, corporations, and other stakeholders. Its flagship
Khammam, and Nizamabad accounted for over innovation program, Lab32, completed its eighth
36.7% of all units that received margin money under cohort by empowering over 240 startups from
this scheme. across the state. T-Hub has also taken the lead in
working with TSIIC and other ecosystem partners to
[Link]. Women Entrepreneurs provide incentives to start-ups in Telangana under
Hub (We-Hub) the Telangana Innovation Policy. Since its inception,
We-Hub is a state-led incubator established in 2017 T-Hub has impacted over 2500 startups, conducted
to help foster women entrepreneurship in Telangana. over 1000 events and raised over Rs 1,860 crore
It provides incubation facilities, access to the funding by the cohort Start-ups, and created over
Government, and a global network of collaborators 12,000 jobs. T-Hub got selected under the Startup
to new women entrepreneurs in the state. It India Seed Fund scheme by Department for
plays an especially important role in promoting Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade(DPIIT), GOI
entrepreneurial skills in Tier-2 and Tier-3 cities, and to disburse Rs 5 crore among eligible startups. T-Hub
running programs that increase the interest of young has bagged the “Best Incubator in India ‘’ award
women in pursuing Science, Technology, Engineering, at the National Startup Awards 2022 of the DPIIT,
and Mathematics education. Ministry of Commerce and Industry, for its efforts
to support the growth of the startup ecosystem in
From its inception in 2017 to till date (upto Jan Telangana.
2023), We-Hub has incubated over 2,194 startups,
supported 1,495 startups, raised Rs. 66.3 crores in The second phase of T-Hub (T-Hub 2.0) was started
funding, created 2,823 jobs, and engaged over 5,235 on 28th June 2022 and it is one of the world’s largest
women entrepreneurs. innovation campuses with a capacity to house 4,000
start-ups and other key elements of the innovation
[Link]. Technology-Hub (T-Hub) ecosystem. T-Hub Phase 2 has further improved the
and Technology-Hub 2.0 (T-Hub startup ecosystem of the state. Startups like Zenoti,
2.0) MyGate, WhistleDrive, Outplay, DrinkPrime, and
AdOnMo have secured more than Rs.2,269 crore in
Innovation and technology are deemed to be the funding by mid of May 2022.
prime drivers of industrial growth in Telangana.
Currently, the state has 78 incubators, accelerators,
and coworking spaces with a specific focus on

Industries 73
5.3. Sectoral Insights chemicals. The main objective of the scheme
is to provide better wages to weaver artisans
[Link], Textiles, and without compromising on manufacturing margin
Handicrafts and to be competitive in the market.

• Credit Support: The District Co-operative

[Link]. Handlooms and
Central Banks support the Primary handloom
Powerlooms
weavers with Cash Credit to help with the day-to-
Handlooms are the largest cottage industry in the day running of their looms. Since the Formation
state. The Government has launched several flagship of the state an amount of Rs.13,324.28 Lakhs
programs to help the handloom weavers of the state. covering 928 weavers cooperative Societies. In
Among them, the prominent schemes include: 2022-23, Rs.1,845.50 lakh was distributed as
loans to 88 Weavers Societies.
• Nethannaku Cheyutha - The Government
introduced “The Telangana Handloom • Pavala Vaddi Scheme: The Scheme is being
Weavers Thrift Fund Saving and Security implemented with a view to reduce the burden
Scheme (THWTFSSS) also called “Nethannaku of interest on Handloom Weavers Cooperative
Cheyutha” in 2017. The scheme intends to Societies, APEX Society, Individual Weavers
provide social security to the weavers. As part covered under Artisan Credit Cards, and
of this scheme weaver contributes 8% of his Handloom weaver Groups (HWGS). The
wage into the savings account and the state Government disbursed over Rs. 213.71 lakh
contributes double the amount. The scheme was under this scheme in 2022-23 to cover interest
extended for a period of 3 years from July 2020 payments of weaver loans. Under the scheme an
to June 2023, with a total Budget allocation of amount of Rs. 1199.87 lakh has been sanctioned
Rs.90.00 crores i.e. Rs.30.00 crores per year. and released for the Societies from 2014-15 to
2022-2023.
• The scheme has been implemented successfully
and 34,927 RD1 accounts (beneficiary’s share) • Thrift Fund Scheme to Powerloom Weavers:
and 33,560 RD2 accounts (Government share)
The State Government in order to inculcate the
have been opened. An amount of Rs. 56.71 crore
habit of savings among Powerloom Weavers
has been released to the beneficiary’s accounts
in the State has taken a policy decision to
towards the state Government share.
implement the Thrift Fund Scheme to Powerloom
• Nethanna Bima - The Government of Weavers on par with Handloom Weavers. For the
Telangana has launched Nethanna Bima year 2022-23 (up to Nov ‘2022), the number of
(Group Life Insurance) Scheme on par with beneficiaries registered is 11,815 and an amount
Rythu Bima in Telangana on 07.08.2022 and of Rs 2.72 crore is released into the RD2 accounts.
the scheme is implemented from 14.08.2022 to
cover Handloom and Power loom weavers and
[Link]. Textiles
ancillary workers under LIC of India Insurance Industrial and textile parks feature prominently in
Scheme. 38,951 enrolments have been made the state’s policies to encourage new investment
online under the Scheme and 36,002 of them are in textile manufacturing in the state. In 2017, the
found to be eligible. Government established the Kakatiya Mega Textile
Park in Warangal, the highest cotton-growing
• Chenetha Mitra (Input Subsidy Linked wage
district in the state spread over 1,190 acres. The
compensation Scheme) - The Government
investment potential is Rs.11,586 crore and the
introduced an input subsidy scheme that
employment potential is 1,13,000 persons. As many
provided 40% subsidy for yarn, dyes, and

74 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

as 22 entrepreneurs from India and abroad have Chennai for the development of 6 Mini Leather
made agreements with the Government to set up Parks in 164 acres in 6 Districts Mahabubnagar,
their units with an estimated investment of Rs. 3,400 Nalgonda, Mancherial, Nagarkurnool, Karimnagar,
crore and employment potential of around 23,800 and Khammam.
jobs.
5.3.3. Life Sciences and
In addition to these initiatives, the state has set up Pharmaceuticals
a new Apparel Park and Weaving park in Rajanna
Sircilla District with an extent of 59.26 acres and Pharmaceuticals comprise the largest commodity
88.74 acres respectively in the year 2017-18. export of the state, averaging over 30% of the total
The primary objective of the parks is to generate merchandise exports since 2015-16 (Rs. 21,562
employment on a large scale and to provide alternate crores in 2020-21). Nearly one-third of India’s
livelihood opportunities to women currently involved Pharmaceutical production is done in Telangana and
in beedi rolling work. it contributes to one-fifth of the country’s exports.

[Link]. HANDICRAFTS [Link].Hyderabad Pharma City

Telangana is home to several artisans that produce Hyderabad Pharma City is proposed to be the world’s
exquisite toys, furniture, silver filigree, brass bangles, first and largest integrated pharmaceutical cluster
etc. For example, the Adilabad district is known for spread across 14,029.36 acres with a potential
its Nirmal Furniture, which received Geographical investment of Rs. 64,000 crores and employment
Indication Rights in 2009. Similarly, Adilabad’s potential of 4.20 lakhs. The project is of National
Ushegaon village is known for Dokra metal artifacts, Significance and the Department for Promotion of
made by employing the lost-wax method. Pembarthi Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) has accorded
village in Jangaon district produces Pembarthi metal NIMZ status and Environmental clearance obtained
crafts. The craftsmen decorate individual items like from the Ministry of Environment, Forests and
perfume bottles and betel-nut cases, and even vases Climate Change (MoEF&CC), GOI.
and mementos. Hyderabad is home to artists that
[Link]. Medical Devices Park
make the Cheriyal paintings that depict narratives
and stories across long scrolls. The Government of Telangana has identified medical
devices as a strategic area for growth. Hyderabad
Telangana State Handicrafts Development
offers locational advantages to the industry, as
Corporation (TSHDC) bears the primary responsibility
the city is home to several SMEs that specialise
of marketing the state’s handicrafts and providing
in precision engineering and the manufacturing
welfare support to the artisans in the state. It has
of plastics. In addition, the park provides an
owned the ‘Golkonda’ trademark since 2015 and is
uninterrupted power supply, effluent treatment
tasked with publicizing the state’s handicrafts under
plants, rapid testing centers, facilities for testing
this trademark. It also owns ten emporia in India, two
medical devices, and warehouses. The Government
of which are located outside Telangana. In 2022-23,
established Medical Devices Park in an extent of
the sales crossed Rs.3,520 lakh by October 2022.
250 acres at Sultanpur Village, Patancheru Mandal,
5.3.2. Leather industry Sangareddy District and it is deemed to be the largest
one in the country. So far allotments were made to 50
The Telangana State Leather Industries Promotion companies for setting up their manufacturing facility
Corporation Ltd (TSLIPC Ltd) is manufacturing with a proposed investment of about Rs.839 crore
and supplying footwear to various Government and employment potential of 5465.
Departments. TSLIPC has signed an agreement
(MoU) with Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI),

Industries 75
5.3.4. Food Processing revenue collections worth Rs. 32,184.26 crores have
been achieved between 2014-15 to 2022-23(up to
Telangana State Food Processing Society is an Nov 2022. (see Figure 5.12).
autonomous agency created in May 2014 and 39,748
units are registered with a Fixed Capital of Rs.2,676 Figure 5.12 Year-wise Revenue
crores. Food Processing has been recognized as one generated from Mineral
of the 14 thrust sectors of the state in the industrial Resources for Telangana (2014-
policy framework of 2014. The food processing 15 to 2022-23 (up to Nov’22))
industry in Telangana processes 25% of the output 6569.82

from the agriculture and allied sectors and adds

12.5% in value to marketed agricultural products. 4848.85

As per Food Processing and Preservation Policy 3704.38 3609.75 3612.62

2021, the Government proposed to establish 21 3142.63

2381.55
‘Special Food Processing Zones’ which would 1968.27
2346.39

create 7,150 acres of new industrial area. As of

2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
30th Nov 2022, 1,031 provisional allotment orders (upto Nov
Revenue (in Rs. Crore) 2022)
have been issued for 3,038 acres. Further, several
mega projects with total fixed capital investment of
Source: Department of Mines and Geology, Government of
more than Rs 4,200 Crores and direct employment Telangana, 2023

of more than 10,000 personnel are under various

The Telangana State Mineral Development
stages of implementation. Core sectors represented
Corporation (TSMDC) is responsible for developing
by these investments are primarily Animal feed,
mineral resources through exploration and mining
Fisheries, Dairy, Consumer Products, Edible Oils, and
activities. TSMDC was declared a National
Beverages. 70% of these investments are focused on
Exploration Agency (NEA) by the Ministry of Mines
high-value tertiary processing.
in 2016 and has taken up the exploration of minerals
Also, Telangana State Oil Palm Mission envisages within and outside the state.
to bring 20 lakh acres under oil palm cultivation in a
period of three years from 2022-23 to 2024-25 and
[Link]. Sand Mining
this will require more than 100 oil mills across the As per the Sand Mining Policy, 2014, sand from
state with approx. fixed capital investment of more certain streams is entrusted to TSMDC for extraction
than 16,000 crores. and supply. TSMDC is also supplying sand to
prestigious State Government programmes like
5.3.5. Mining
Double Bedroom Houses, Irrigation projects, Mission
Telangana has varied geology, endowed with a rich Bhagiratha works, and other Government works.
and wide variety of minerals suitable for specific
During the year 2022-23 (up to November 2022),
mineral industries. The Government has leased
sand mining contributed revenue worth Rs. 494.31
88,821 hectares of land for mining and quarrying
crores to the state exchequer. Dependent Sand
activities. The state has over 2025 mineral industries
Mining is also contributing more than Rs.802.11 Cr
with Granite cutting & Polishing, Stone Crushing,
per annum (2021-22) towards the Telangana State
Brick Kilns, and Napaslab Units having the maximum
exchequer. The Revenue earned from the sand sales
share of units. In 2022-23 (up to November 2022)
from 2014-15 to 2022-23 (up to November 2022) is
the state earned a total revenue of Rs. 6569.82
Rs. 5,288.30 crore. It directly and indirectly employed
crores from mineral production in the state. Mineral

76 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

over 5290 people. Close to a third of the revenue million tonnes in the Godavari Valley of Telangana.
generated goes to the District Mineral Foundation, Mancherial, Peddapalli, Jayashankar, Komaram
used exclusively to benefit the local population, Bheem Asifabad, Khammam and Bhadradri
and provide funds for improving the quality of Kothagudem districts account for these reserves. In
infrastructure, schools, health facilities, and toilets. 2022-23 mineral revenue collection from coal is Rs.
5,09,523 lakh.
In order to monitor and curb illegal sand mining
in the state, the TSMDC has set up an integrated M/s Singareni Collieries Company Ltd (SCCL), a State
call center to inform the buyers of sand prices and Public Sector Undertaking, is the primary coal mining
prevent illegal transportation of sand. Additionally, corporation in Telangana. It is the second-largest
monitoring tools like CCTV cameras and weighting coal producer in India. As per their Annual Accounts
bridges have been installed. The initiatives have 2021-22, the revenue from the sale of Coal is nearly
resulted in the stoppage of indiscriminate and illegal Rs. 20,500 crores.
sand mining in the state. The state government is
In April 2022, the Singareni Thermal Power Plant
implementing a unique concept ‘Sand Taxi Service’
(STPP) of SSCL was awarded by the Mission Energy
where district administration is supplying sand
Foundation for the second time in a row for 100%
locally at the doorstep of the customers through
utilization of the fly ash. In May 2022, SCCL bagged
online booking. The Ministry of Mines, Government of
the performance excellence award given by the
India in its ‘Sand Mining Framework’ has stated that
Indian Institute of Industrial Engineering (IIIE) for the
Telangana is following the best practices across the
year 2021-22, for adopting new technologies in coal
process chain of sand mining like Demand Supply
mining for higher production and taking up welfare
Assessment, Rules and Regulations, Clearances
measures for employees.
and Approvals, Business Model, and Operations &
Monitoring. GOI has further suggested the other [Link]. Limestone
states to visit Telangana to study the monitoring
mechanism of the state in greater detail. Sand Sales Limestone mining is contributing about Rs. 18.97

Management and Monitoring system received a crores per annum (up to November 2022) to the

Silver award from SKOCH 2022 for State Owned State & Central exchequer. The dependent Cement

Enterprise for EBS-ERP Implementation. plant is contributing more than Rs. 400 Cr per
annum towards State & Central exchequer. Mining
[Link]. Coal of Limestone has engaged about 250 employees
directly. The Cement plant has engaged about
Telangana has the largest deposits of coal among all
2500 employees directly and about 10,000 families
South Indian states. It has coal reserves of 11,849.54
indirectly.

Industries 77
 The state has a strong and thriving Aerospace
ecosystem. The state has over 1000 MSMEs
Box 5.1 engaged in Precision Engineering and 25 large
companies which cater to the Aerospace and
Aerospace sector in Defence ecosystem. And with the presence of
Telangana: prominent research and training institutions,
highly skilled and industry-ready workforce are
As per United Nations’ International Standard
available in the state. In addition to this, the state
Industrial Classification (ISIC), the Aerospace
skilling agency Telangana Academy of Skill and
Industry refers to the manufacture of aircraft
Knowledge (TASK) provides training support
and spacecraft. This broad class comprises
to new industries. Also, the Government has
the manufacturing of both non-space items
partnered with global institutions like Embry Riddle
(passenger and military aeroplanes, helicopters,
Aeronautical University (US), Cranfield University
gliders, balloons, etc.) and space items (including
(UK), and Aerocampus Aquitaine (France) with an
spacecraft, spacecraft launch vehicles, satellites,
aim to make the acquisition of Aerospace related
planetary probes, orbital stations, and shuttles).
skills affordable. The state-run incubator T-Hub
This also includes the manufacturing of their parts
has partnered with leading US Original Equipment
and accessories, used in civil or military applications.
Manufacturers (OEMs) such as Boeing, Collins
Pursuing the immense potential industry provides, Aerospace, Prat and Whitney, etc. to promote and
the Indian Aerospace & Defence (A & D) industry is accelerate the startups in the Aerospace domain.
making rapid progress and is evolving as a global T-works, a prototyping center of the government,
player. Increased defence spending and commercial is expected to host and support a large number
aviation are resulting in upward demand for aircraft of hardware startups in the Aerospace and
and their supply chain. Air Passenger Traffic in Defence sector. Research and Innovation Circle of
India is projected to reach 520 Million by 2037. Hyderabad (RICH) which works to bring research
The Indian Civil Aviation MRO market, at present, ideas from top research institutions into the market
stands at around $900 mn and is anticipated to has Aerospace and Defence as one of its focus
grow to $4.33 bn by 2025 increasing at a CAGR areas. All these initiatives contribute to skilling and
of about 14-15%. The Indian drone industry will lead to the formation of highly skilled human capital
have a total turnover of up to $1.8 bn by 2026. All in the state.
these figures imply that the Indian Aerospace and
The state has dedicated industrial parks for the
Aviation industry is on a high growth path. Hence
Aerospace and Defence sector. They are Adibatla
arises the need to develop a robust ecosystem and
Aerospace SEZ, Nadergul Aerospace Park, GMR
supportive government policies.
Aerospace SEZ, Hardware park 1 and Hardware
The Government of Telangana recognised the park 2 (predominantly occupied by A&D firms), E-
Aerospace and Aviation sector as one of the City (Avionics and Defence electronics firms), and
focus areas. Manufacturing of Aero Structures, TSIIC composite park at Ibrahimpatanam. A new
manufacturing of Aero engines, MRO, the Aerospace and Defence park is being developed to
establishment of Engineering, R&D, and Training meet the increasing demand from the industry. The
institutions, Space sector, Drones and UAVs, land acquisition process is in process at Eliminedu
and A&D materials are some of the investment for the proposed Aerospace park. Land allocation
opportunities that the state offers in the Aerospace in various Aerospace parks in the state is online,
sector. transparent, and swift which makes the process

78 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

 hassle-free. All the aforementioned factors make opportunities to the state but have received
the state an ideal and preferred destination for the recognition at national and international levels.
establishment of Aerospace and Aviation related Telangana received the Best State award for the
industries. ‘State with a most dedicated outlook towards
Aerospace sector’ for the year 2022. Telangana
Some of the global Original Equipment
has received this award from the Ministry of
Manufacturers (OEMs) like SAFRAN, GE, Boeing,
Civil Aviation for the third time in a row (2018,
and Lockheed Martin formed their joint ventures
2020, 2022). Hyderabad was ranked No.1 in fDI
with Tata and have established their production
Aerospace cities of the Future for being the top
facilities in Hyderabad. French Aviation MNC
global aerospace city in cost-effectiveness.
SAFRAN has expressed its interest to establish a
Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) facility Provision of the attractive incentives and superior
for Aircraft engines in Hyderabad. It is said to be infrastructural facilities has led to unprecedented
the first engine MRO established by a global OEM growth in the sector. The government with its
in India. vision and progressive policies is making efforts to
tap into the full potential of the sector and place
Progressive policies of the government are not
Hyderabad at the forefront of the Aerospace sector
only bringing in investments and employment
of the country.

5.3.6. Exports Sector that provide a trade guide, and one of 19 states that
provide an online information portal for exporters.
Exports of goods and services are a crucial
Telangana has shown the best performance with
source of revenue, employment, and investment
100 score in the Business environment indicator
for Telangana. In 2021-22, Telangana sold Rs.
leaving Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan behind. This
2,65,510 crore worth of goods and services to the
is primarily due to the innovation index performance
international markets, accounting for the state’s
and lower power cost. Moreover, Hyderabad is
nominal GSDP. A majority of these originated in the
emerging as a hotspot in the data center space. IT,
services sector accounting for 69.13% of all exports
ITeS, pharmaceuticals, and cloud solution companies’
by value, whereas Merchandise exports accounted
presence in the state are acting as demand drivers for
for 30.87%. Merchandise exports accounted for
significant ticket investments. Export Preparedness
7.10% of the GSDP of Telangana.
Index further stated that the state’s performance
In the Export Preparedness Index, 2021 compiled is a positive outlier and its efforts at improving the
by NITI Aayog and released on March 25, 2022, business environment are commendable.
Telangana was ranked Fifth among all landlocked
states. The report suggests that Telangana has the
[Link] Merchandise Export
7th best Business ecosystem (Business Environment, During 2021-22 Telangana exported merchandise
infrastructure, transport connectivity) among all goods worth Rs. 81,971 crore. Pharmaceutical
states, and is the 9th best in Export performance. goods and Organic Chemicals constituted around
The state is in 12th position in Export promotion 65% of the total merchandise exports. Figure 5.13.
Policy and institutional framework and Export shows the percentage of exports attributed to major
EcoSystem (Export infrastructure, Trade support, R commodities.
& D Infrastructure). Telangana is one of 16 states

Industries 79
Figure 5.13 Share of Different large section of Telangana’s export merchandise is
directed toward the USA (28.13%), China (7.30%),
Commodities in State’s Exports
and Bangladesh (3.64%).
(2021-22)
Share in state’s exports (%) Figure 5.15 Top 10 countries
Pharmaceuticals 33.9 to which Telangana exported
Organic Chemicals 23.41 goods (2021-22)
Electrical Machinery 5.47
Share in state’s exports (%)
Nuclear Machines 4.72

Cotton 3.72 United States of America 28.13

Coffee & Tea 2.36 China 7.3

Bangladesh 3.64
Salt and Minerals 2.19
Russian Federation 2.66
Pearls, precious and
semiprecious stones
2.07
United Kingdom 2.05
Cereals 1.81 Singapore 1.97
Aerospace Structures 1.7 Brazil 1.95
Germany 1.89
Others 18.65
Japan 1.86

Source: Commerce & Export Promotion Department, Government of Türkiye 1.82

Telangana, 2022
Source: Commerce & Export Promotion Department, Government of
Telangana 2022
Figure 5.14 shows the share of Top 5 commodities
in the state’s total exports since 2015-16. The exported goods are produced across Telangana,
Pharmaceuticals and Organic chemicals constitute though, between April 2021 to March 2022,
either more than or close to 60% of total exports in roughly 5 districts (Medchal-Malkajgiri, Hyderabad,
any given year. Sangareddy, Rangareddy and Medak) accounted for
over 85% of all exports from the state (Figure 5.16).
Figure 5.14 Top 5 commodities
Other major contributors include Nalgonda (2.45%),
exported from Telangana Khammam (2.25%), and Yadadri Bhuvanagiri
(2015-16 to 2021-22) (1.98%). With the launch of policies like One-District-
2015-16 36.2 33.2 4.1 3.8 2.0 One-Product, the Government has directed its focus
2016-17 32.6 34.4 3.4 3.5 2.4 on expanding the export potential of all 33 districts
2017-18 27.3 31.1 4.0 4.3 3.7 of Telangana.
2018-19 29.1 30.0 4.1 4.9 3.5

2019-20 32.0 30.5 4.5 5.3 3.2 Figure 5.16 Top 5 Districts in
2020-21 33.4 31.1 4.7 5.4 2.8 Merchandise Exports from
2021-22 33.9 23.4 5.5 4.7 2.2 Telangana ( 2021-2022)
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Pharmaceuticals Organic Chemicals Electrical Machinery
MEDCHAL MALKAJGIRI 25.43
Mechanical Applicances Salts and Minerals

Source: Commerce & Export Promotion Department, Government of HYDERABAD 19.89

Telangana 2022

SANGAREDDY 19.53
There is a global demand for the goods produced
by Telangana. According to the 2021 Export
RANGA REDDY 16.57
Preparedness Index compiled by the NITI Aayog,
Telangana’s exports command high value across 170
MEDAK 3.6
different countries. Hence, Telangana has the fourth
highest international market penetration among Source: Commerce & Export Promotion Department, Government of
all states in India. Figure 5.15 shows the major Telangana, 2022

importers of Telangana’s products. Among them, a

80 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

5.4 Way Forward improving its exports from the state. According to Niti
Aayog, Telangana is one of the top 5 states which
Telangana was included in the Top Achievers have contributed to 75% of the overall exports made
category in the latest edition of Ease of Doing Business from the country. The Government is also making
ranking for the year 2020. This was possible only efforts towards making the state an attractive
because of the simple rules and efficient governance destination for foreign funds and investments. The
systems in place. The state was also successful in state is furthering the idea of “Invest Telangana”
attracting big-ticket investments and in creating through investment seminars and delegations.
jobs because of its business-friendly policies and the The Government through its continued focus on
incentives provided to the industry sector. Telangana developing the industrial infrastructure (industrial
through its flagship initiative of TS-iPASS attracted parks), building a vibrant research and development
Rs 20,237 Crore of investment in 2022-23 (up to Jan ecosystem (RICH) and skill development (TASK) is
2023) through 2,518 new industries and created inching closer toward its aim of making the state a
employment for 72,908 people. leader in industrial production and a manufacturing
and export hub.
The state has also made impressive strides in

Industries 81
 CHAPTER

6
SERVICES

82 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

 Key Highlights
l The services sector remains the India level, this is 29.64%. Within
dominant sector in Telangana’s the services sector in the state,
economy, with a share of 62.81% in more than one-third of total workers
the Gross State Value Added (GSVA) (39.75%) are employed in the ‘Trade,
at current (2022-23) prices. Hotels and Restaurants’ sub-sector,
whereas 21.04% of the workers are
l The Compounded Annual Growth employed in the ‘Transport, Storage
Rate (CAGR) of Gross Value Added and Communication’ sub-sector,
(GVA) at current (2022-23) prices together accounting for 60.79%
by the services sector in Telangana of the employment in the services
(12.81%) between 2014-15 and sector.
2022-23 is 2.36 percentage points
higher than the All-India average l The services sector’s contribution to
(10.45%). employment is higher in Telangana’s
urban areas than in rural areas.
l The ‘Real Estate, Ownership of According to the Periodic Labour
Dwelling and Professional Services’ Force Survey 2020-21, 63.22%
is the most dominant sub-sector of of the urban workers in the state
the services sector in the state, which were working in the service sector,
contributed more than one-third whereas it was 18.28% in the rural
(33.20%) of the GVA at current areas
(2022-23) prices. It is also the largest
sub-sector (20.85%) of the state’s l Tourism Department, Government
total GVA. of Telangana won National Tourism
Awards in four categories. The
l The ‘Trade, Repair, Hotels and categories are Best State (Telangana
Restaurants’ sub-sector experienced State Tourism Development
the maximum Compound Annual Corporation), Best Tourism Friendly
Growth Rate (CAGR) between Golf Course (Hyderabad Golf
2014-15 and 2022-23 (at current Association), Best Tourist Friendly
prices), at 16.13%, followed by Railway Station (Secunderabad
‘Other Services’ at 14.24% then ‘Real Railway Station), and Best Medical
Estate, Ownership of Dwelling and Tourism Facility (Apollo Hospitals).
Professional Services’ at 12.53%. The awards were presented by
the Government of India at World
l Between 2014-15 and 2021-22, IT
Tourism Day celebrations held in
exports from Telangana experienced
New Delhi in September 2022.
a Compounded Annual Growth Rate
of 15.67%. The total employment in l In January 2023, the National startup
the IT sector increased from nearly 3.7 awards 2022 was announced by
lakhs to 7.7 lakhs during this period. Startup India & DPIIT, Government
To further accelerate such growth, of India in which the Government
the Government has introduced its of Telangana Startup incubator -
second ICT Policy (2021-26). T-Hub, won the Best Incubator in
India prize in the incubator space
l According to PLFS 2020-21, more
where incubators across 17 sectors
than one-third (33.21%) of total
have participated.
workers in Telangana are employed
in the services sector. At the all-

Services 83
6.1. Introduction 6.2.2. Sectoral Growth Rate
The growth of the Services Sector in India is a unique The gross value added by the services sector at
example of leap-frogging traditional models of current prices in Telangana grew from Rs. 2,86,011
economic growth. It is the largest sector of the global crore in 2014-15 to Rs. 7,50,408 crore in 2022-23
economy in terms of value-added, accounting for – an increase of 162.37% over a span of 8 years
53.40% of the global GDP in 2021-22.
(see Figure 6.2). In the same duration, the gross
In Telangana, the services sector was the highest value added by the services sector in India grew from
contributor (62.81%) to the state’s economy, in the Rs. 59,62,478 crore to Rs. 1,32,06,468 crore – an
year 2022-23. In the last five years (2017-18 to 2022- increase of 121.49 %. Thus, between 2014-15 and
23), the growth of the services sector is at 75.33% 2022-23, Telangana’s service sector grew by 40.88
owing to the successful investments in knowledge, percentage points more than the country’s.
infrastructure, data, and technology-related policies
in the state. Figure 6.2. GVA by services
Telangana ranked 2nd in the overall ranking sector at current prices
category of the NITI Aayog India Innovation Index (2014-15 to 2022-23) in
2022 which was measured on key parameters like Telangana vs. India
Human capital, Investment, knowledge workers, GVA-Services (Rs. in Crore) - Telananga
Business environment, Safety, Legal environment, 7,50,408

Knowledge output, and Knowledge diffusion in the 6,38,671

state. In addition, as per the PLFS 2020-21 report the 4,80,280

5,32,011 5,30,145

sector provided employment to more than one-third 4,27,998

3,81,912
3,29,641
of the total workforce. The services sector has been 2,86,011

a vital source of output, growth, and jobs in the state.

6.2. Sectoral Insights

6.2.1. Sectoral Contribution 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
(TRE) (SRE) (FRE) (PE) (PAE)

In the year 2022-23, the services sector accounted

for 62.81% (Rs. 7,50,408 crore) of Telangana’s Gross GVA-Services (Rs. in Crore) - India
1,32,06,468
State Value Added at current prices, making it the
most dominant sector in the state’s economy (see 91,53,406 95,90,940
73,49,430 1,12,43,165
Figure 6.1). 59,62,478 1,00,59,042
81,46,976

Figure 6.1. Contribution of 65,80,718

economic sectors to the GSVA

2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
at current prices of Telangana (TRE) (SRE) (FRE) (PE) (PAE)

(2022-23) Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation,

Government of India.
Total GSVA (at current Prices)=Rs 11,94,777 crore

Telangana services sector GVA at current prices

2,17,877 experienced a Year on Year (YoY) growth rate of
18%
20.47% and 17.50% in the year 2021-22 and 2022-
23 whereas the national level YoY growth rate was
2,26,492 17.23% and 17.46% in the same years. During
19%
7,50,408
63% this span, the growth rate of the services sector in
Telangana was higher than that of India for every
year (see Figure 6.3)
Agriculture & Allied Industries (Including Mining and Quarrying) Services

Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation,

Government of India.

84 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Figure 6.3. Year-on-Year Growth Rate of GVA at current prices by the
services sector (2015-16 to 2022-23): Telangana vs. India

20.47%

17.50%

17.46%
17.23%
15.86%
15.25%

12.35%
12.22%
12.07%
11.68%

10.85%

10.77%
10.37%

9.89%
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 (TRE) 2019-20 (SRE) 2020-21 (FRE) 2021-22 (PE) 2022-23 (PAE)

-0.35%
Telangana India

-4.65%
Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India.

Between 2014-15 and 2021-22, Telangana service

sector GVA at current prices experienced the second
6.3. Employment Trends in
highest Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR)
the Services Sector
of 12.16% among all Non-Special Category States According to PLFS 2020-21, more than one-third
and Southern States over the span of 7 years (see (33.21%) of all workers in Telangana are employed
Figure 6.4). in the services sector. At the all-India level, this is
29.64%.
Figure 6.4. Services Sector
Performance of GVA at current In urban areas, the share of service sector workers
prices (2014-15 to 2021-22): in Telangana (63.22%) has been higher than in
Non-Special Category States India (60.52%) since 2017-18. On the other hand,
in rural areas, Telangana’s share (18.28 %) is lower
Services - CAGR (2014-15 to 2021-22) than the national average (18.59%) (see Figure 6.5).
Karnataka 12.83%
Complementing employment in the services sector is
Telangana 12.16% the key skilling initiative taken by the state through
Andhra Pradesh 11.70%
ITIs’, TASK, and other educational institutions in the
Madhya Pradesh 11.39%
state.
West Bengal* 11.29%

Figure 6.5. Share of services

Rajasthan 10.52%

Haryana 10.36%

Bihar 10.25% sector workers in the total

Tamil Nadu 10.02%
workers: Telangana vs India
(2017-18 to 2020-21)
Gujarat* 9.34%

Delhi 9.12%

Jharkhand 9.02%
Rural
Kerala 8.99%

Maharashtra* 8.73%
19.87 20.71
18.42 18.28 18.59
Uttar Pradesh 8.17%
15.52 16.1 15.66
Odisha 8.01%

Goa* 8.00%

Punjab 6.43%

Source: RBI handbook of Statistics on Indian States, 2021-22, * 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
Indicates data not available for 2021-22, ** Indicates data not Telangana India
available for 2021-22 and 2020-21

Services 85
 Urban (24.95%), together employing 56.62% of all service
68.07 sector workers. The trend is similar in urban areas
65.95 65.4 too, where the former sector employs 33.63% of
63.22 all workers, while the latter employs 22.56% of all
61.48
60.43 60.52 workers, together accounting for 56.62 % of the
59.08
service sector employment in urban areas (see
Figure 6.7).

2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 Figure 6.7. Sub-sector-wise

Telangana India
employment in Telangana: Rural
Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey, 2017-18 to 2020-21 Vs Urban Areas1 (2020-21)
43.38 43.82
Out of 33.21% share of the service sector, the share 39.75 39.21
of Male workers in Telangana (60.69%) is higher 33.63
31.67
than all-India (59.22%) whereas the share of Female
24.95
workers in Telangana (39.31%) is lower than all- 22.56
21.04

India (40.78%).In addition, Male workers are 21.38%

higher than Female workers in Telangana (see Figure
6.6).
Trade, Hotels & Restaurants Transport, Storage & Other Services
Figure 6.6. Gender wise Communications

Employment in Services sector in

Rural Urban Total

Telangana & India : Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey, 2020-21

Male Vs Female (2020-21) 6.4. Sub-sectoral Insights

60.69%
What constitutes the services
59.22%
sector?
1) Trade, repair, hotels, and restaurants
39.31% 40.78%
a) Trade & repair services
b) Hotels & restaurants
2) Transport, storage, communication & services
related to broadcasting
a) Railways
b) Road transport
Telangana All-India
c) Water transport
Male Female
d) Air transport
Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey, 2020-21 e) Services incidental to transport
f) Storage
Within the services sector, more than one-third of all
g)
Communication & services related to
workers 39.75% are employed in the ‘Trade, Hotels
broadcasting
and Restaurants’ sub-sector, whereas 21.04% of the
3) Financial services
workers are employed in the ‘Transport, Storage and
4) Real estate, ownership of dwelling & professional
Communication’ sub-sector, together accounting for
services
60.79% of the employment in the services sector. In
5) Public administration
rural areas, the former employs a greater percentage
6) Other services
of the persons (31.67%) in comparison to the latter

1. Other Services include (i) Financial and insurance activities, (ii) Real estate activities, (iii) Professional, scientific and technical
activities, (iv) Administrative and support service activities, (v) Public administration and defence; compulsory social security,
Section (vi) Education, (vii) Human health and social work activities, (viii) Arts, entertainment and recreation, (ix) Other service
activities (x) Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods and services producing activities of households for
own use, (xi) Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies

86 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

6.4.1. Contribution of Figure 6.9. Compound Annual
sub-sectors Growth Rate (CAGR) of sub-
sectors under services between
The ‘Real Estate, Ownership of Dwelling, and Other
Professional Services’ sub-sector was the largest
2014-15 and 2022-23 at current
contributor to the service sector GVA at current prices in Telangana
prices, with a share of 33.20% in 2022-23, followed Trade, Repair, Hotels and Restaurants 16.13%
by the ‘Trade, Repair, Hotels, and Restaurants’, with
a share of 28.34% (see Figure 6.8). Other Services 14.24%

Between 2014-15 and 2022-23, there was a net Real Estate, Ownership of Dwelling and
12.53%
Professional Services
increase of 26% in the share of the ‘Trade, Repair
Hotels and Restaurants’. Approvals and clearances Public Administration 12.01%

were made easy, for setting up industries in the state,

Financial Services
through single window systems like Telangana State 9.45%

Industrial Project Approval and Self-Certification Transport, Storage, Communication &

7.37%
System (TS-iPASS) and Telangana State Building Services related to Broadcasting

Permission Approval and Self Certification System

Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation,
(TS-bPASS). Initiatives such as these, have Government of India.
contributed to the overall growth of the IT/ITeS
industries and thereby the growth of the services The sub-sectors ‘Public Administration’ and ‘Financial
sector in the state. Services’ experienced a CAGR of 12.01% and 9.45%
between 2014-15 and 2022-23 (at current prices)
Figure 6.8. Sub-sector wise respectively.
shares in the services Sector Between 2014-15 and 2022-23, the GVA of all sub-
GSVA (at current prices in sectors - ’Trade, Hotels, Transport, Communication
Telangana (2014-15 to 2022-23) and Services related to broadcasting’, ‘Financial,
Public Administration’, ‘Defence and other services’ at
2014-15 22.47% 12.54% 10.58% 33.88% 6.00% 14.52%
current prices in the state experienced a Compounded
2015-16 22.67% 12.03% 10.05% 34.03% 6.65% 14.57%
Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 13.51%, 11.85%, and
2016-17 22.70% 11.21% 9.52% 34.52% 6.70% 15.36%
13.62% which are higher than the all-India CAGR
2017-18 24.27% 10.60% 9.53% 33.76% 6.55% 15.29%
value of 9.60%, 10.35%, and 11.72%. This indicates
2018-19 (TRE) 26.81% 10.43% 9.13% 33.65% 5.86% 14.12%
Telangana’s growth rate in each sub-sector of the
2019-20 (SRE) 27.87% 10.21% 8.81% 33.97% 4.92% 14.22%
service sector is also higher than all-India over the
2020-21 (FRE) 23.46% 8.89% 9.25% 36.57% 5.70% 16.14%

2021-22 (PE) 27.46% 8.47% 8.56% 34.24% 5.42% 15.85%

years (see Figure 6.10).
2022-23 (PAE) 28.34% 8.44% 8.30% 33.20% 5.67% 16.05%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Figure 6.10. Sub-sectoral Contribution
Trade, Repair, Hotels Transport, Storage, Communication &
to the growth in GVA by the Services
and Restaurants
Financial Services
Services related to Broadcasting
Real Estate, Ownership of Dwelling sector: Telangana Vs India (at current
Source: Ministry
Public
and Professional Services
of Statistics and Programme
Administration Implementation,
Other Services prices)
Government of India.
13.51% 13.62%

6.4.2. Growth of sub-sectors 9.60%

11.85%
10.35%
11.72%

The ‘Trade, Repair, Hotels and Restaurants’ sub-

sector experienced the maximum Compound Annual
Growth Rate (CAGR) between 2014-15 and 2022-
23 (at current prices), at 16.13%, followed by ‘Other Trade, Hotels, Transport, Financial, Real Estate & Other Public Administration, Defence
Services’ at 14.24% then ‘Real Estate, Ownership of Communication and services
related to broadcasting
Professional Services and other services

Dwelling and Professional Services’ at 12.53%(see Telangana India

Figure 6.9). Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation,

Government of India.

Services 87
Between 2014-15 and 2021-22, Telangana
Figure 6.12. Sub-sectoral
‘Trade, Repair, Hotels and Restaurants’ sub-sector
Contribution to the growth in
experienced the highest Compound Annual Growth
Rate (CAGR) of 15.42% whereas ‘Real estate,
GVA by the Services sector:
ownership of dwelling & professional services’
Telangana (at current prices)
experienced the second highest CAGR of 12.33% Telangana

indicates the state’s better performance in these

3.79%

4.26%
5.75%
sectors compared to other southern states (see 3.93% 4.33% 0.58%

2.43% 5.96%
1.22%
4.72%
Figure 6.11). 6.34% 6.94%
4.48% 4.60%
10.94%
2.61% 7.28%
6.92%
4.99% 4.58% 5.16% 4.94%

Figure 6.11. Sub-sectoral

2.88%

2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 (TRE) 2019-20 (SRE) 2020-21 (FRE) 2021-22 (PE) 2022-23 (PAE)

Contribution to the growth in Public Administration and Other Services -5.84%

GVA by the Services sector: Financial ,Real Estate, Ownership of Dwelling and Professional Services,
Trade, Repair, Hotels and Restaurants, Transport, Storage, Communication & Services related to Broadcasting

Telangana Vs Southern states India

(at current prices) 5.13%

4.00%

3.63% 3.44% 5.82%

2.83% 3.29% 5.19%
3.06%
CAGR -Service subsectors 4.41% 4.34% 2.94% 4.94%
3.82%
6.91% 7.64%
3.13% 3.72% 4.62% 3.97% 3.01% 1.65%
13.57% 12.39% 13.88% 8.99%
14.30% 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 (PE) 2022-23
11.43% (TRE) (SRE) (FRE) (PAE)
10.52% 7.65%
14.66% -0.22%
8.13%
-6.09%
13.19% 9.66% Contribution to the growth rate of the tertiary sector (%),India
12.33% 10.00% 10.90%

9.36% Public Administration, Defence and other services

8.81% 9.32%
8.98% 15.03%
6.04% 11.13% Financial, Real Estate & Other Professional Services
5.89% 3.83%
9.51% Trade, Hotels, Transport, Communication and services related to broadcasting
15.42% 10.25% 14.64% 10.59%
9.33%

Telangana Tamil Nadu Karnataka Andhra Pradesh Kerala Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation,
Government of India.
Trade, repair, hotels and restaurants Transport, storage, communication
& services related to broadcasting
Financial services Real estate, ownership of dwelling &
professional services
6.4.4. Trade, Repair, Hotels, and
Public administration Other services
Restaurants
Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, This sub-sector is further split into 2 component sub-
Government of India.
sectors: Trade and Repair Services – which accounted
6.4.3. Sub-sectoral Contribution for 96.03% of this sub-sector in 2022-23, and Hotels
to the Sectoral Growth Rate and Restaurants – which accounted for 3.97% of this
sub-sector in 2022-23. The share of trade and repair
The biggest drivers of the YoY services sector growth services to the GVA by the services sector (at current
at current prices in the state were the ‘Financial, Real prices) in 2022-23 is 27.21%, whereas for ‘hotels
Estate, and other Professional Services’ sub-sector in and restaurants’ it is 1.12%.
2015-16 and 2016-17, and the ‘Trade, Repair, Hotels
& Restaurants, Transport, Storage, Communication, The gross value added by the ‘Trade and Repair
and Services related to Broadcasting’ sub-sector Services’ at current prices in Telangana grew from
in 2017-18 and 2018-19 as well as 2022-23 (see Rs. 56,974 crore in 2014-15 to Rs. 2,04,187 crore
Figure 6.12). in 2022-23 – an increase of 258.39% over a span
of 8 years. On the other hand, during this span, the
During 2022-23, the state’s sub-sector ‘Financial, gross value added by the ‘Hotels and Restaurants
Real Estate, and other Professional Services’ (5.96%) Sub-sector at current prices in Telangana grew from
and ‘Public Administration and Other Services’ Rs.7,295 crore in 2014-15 to Rs. 8,447 crore in 2022-
(4.26%) experienced a high growth rate in GVA 23 – an increase of 15.79% (see Figure 6.13).
compared to India’s figures in the same period.

88 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

The GVA at current prices by the ‘Trade and Repair’ • Services incidental to transport accounted for
sub-sector experienced a rise of 21.50% between 8.28% of this sub-sector
2021-22 to 2022-23 from Rs.1,68,055 crore to
• Storage – which accounted for 1.29% of this
Rs.2,04,187 crore. During this period, the GVA at
sub-sector
current prices by the ‘Hotels and Restaurants’ grew
by 15% between 2021-22 to 2022-23 from Rs.7,345 • Communication and services related to
crore to Rs.8,447 crore. broadcasting is the second largest contributor to
the sub-sector which accounted for 24.27% of
Figure 6.13. GVA (contribution
this sector.
and growth rate) of Trade,
Repair, Hotels and Restaurants The gross value added by the transport sub-sector
(2014-15 to 2022-23): at current prices in Telangana grew from Rs. 35,866
crore in 2014-15 to Rs. 63,341 crore in 2022-23 – an
A. Telangana GVA (Rs. crore) increase of 76.60% over a span of 8 years
GVA (Rs. in Crore) 2,04,187

Air, Railways and Road transport are the contact-

1,68,055

intensive components of this sub-sector. Between

1,36,749

1,17,600 1,18,730
2021-22 and 2022-23, the air transport sub-sector
94,286 experienced an increase of Rs. 522 crore in GVA, an
increase of 48.65%. During this period, the absolute
77,708
66,418
56,974
-

increase in the GVA of railways was Rs. 589 crore, an

7,295 8,318 8,985 9,581 11,145 11,504
5,653 7,345 8,447 increase of 17.00% and road transport experienced
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 (TRE) 2019-20 (SRE) 2020-21 (FRE) 2021-22 (PE) 2022-23 (PAE) an increase of Rs. 5,268 crore in the GVA, an increase
Trade and Repair Services Hotels and Restaurants of 17.00% (see Figure 6.14).

B. Year-on-year Growth Rate Figure 6.14. GVA (contribution

and growth rate) of
Trade and Repair Services Hotels and Restaurants

16.58%
2015-16
14.02%

2016-17
8.02%
17.00%
Transportation Sector (2015-16
2017-18
6.63%
21.33%
to 2022-23): Telangana
24.73%
2018-19 (TRE)
16.32%

2019-20 (SRE)
3.22%
16.28% A. GVA([Link])
-13.18%
2020-21 (FRE)
-50.86%
2014-15 2,004 20,540 623 4,937
41.54%
2021-22 (PE)
29.93%

2022-23 (PAE)
21.50% 2015-16 2,010 22,633 1,126 5,048
15.00%

-60.00% -40.00% -20.00% 0.00% 20.00% 40.00% 60.00%

Growth Rate of GVA (YoY)
2016-17 2,216 24,536 1,267 5,578

Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation,

Government of India. 2017-18 2,546 27,341 1,329 5,834

6.4.5. Transportation, 2018-19 (TRE) 2,640 32,354 791 5,213

Storage, Broadcasting, and 2019-20 (SRE) 3,361 33,798 1,429 5,307

Communication 2020-21 (FRE) 3,139 27,105 721 4,942

-49.55%
• This sub-sector is further split into 7 component 2021-22 (PE) 3,463 30,987 1,073 5,088

sub-sectors, whose contributions to this sector

2022-23 (PAE) 4,052 36,255 1,595 5,246
at current prices in the year 2022-23 were as
follows: 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 50,000

-60.00%

Railways Road Transport Air Transport Incidental Services

• Railways, Road Transport and Air Transport
accounted for 6.40%, 57.24% and 2.52% of this
sub-sector respectively

Services 89
 [Link] growth (%) bank branches are available per 1 Lakh population
Railways Road Transport Air Transport
in Telangana, as of 2021-22. Out of the total 5,958
0.30%
2015-16 10.19%
80.74% bank branches across the state, 3,083 are public
2016-17
10.25%
8.41%
12.52%
sector banks, 1,507 are private sector banks, 418 are
2017-18
14.89%
11.43%
co-operative banks, 920 are regional rural banks,
4.89%

2018-19 (TRE)
3.69%
18.34%
and 18 are small finance banks.
-40.48%

Nearly 30.51% of the total bank branches in the state

27.31%
2019-20 (SRE) 4.46%
80.66%

-49.55%
-19.80%
-6.61%
2020-21 (FRE) are in rural areas, 45.85% are urban and 23.63% are
2021-22 (PE)
10.32%
14.32%
in semi-urban areas (see figure 6.16).
48.82%

Figure 6.16. Region-Wise

17.01%
2022-23 (PAE) 17.00%
50,000 48.65%

-60.00% -40.00% -20.00% 0.00% 20.00%

Growth Rate of GVA (YoY)
40.00% 60.00% 80.00% 100.00%
distribution of bank branches in
Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Telangana (As of 30.09.2022)
Government of India.
Total number of Bank Branches=5958

6.4.6. Financial Services

1,818
The gross value added (at current prices) by the 30%
2,732
financial services sector in Telangana grew from 46%
Rs.30,261 crore in 2014-15 to Rs. 62,311 crore in
2022-23 - an increase of 106% over a span of 8
1,408
years (see figure 6.15). 24%

Figure 6.15 GVA by ‘Financial Rural areas Semi-urban areas Urban areas

Services’ at current prices in Source: State Level Bankers Committee, Telangana

Telangana(2014-15 to 2022-23)
GVA of Financial Services ([Link])
Contribution of banking and insurance to the

54,659
62311
economy: In 2020-21, Telangana had the 7th-
40,783
43,841
46,866
49,022
highest share of Banking and Insurance in GSVA
36,356
30,261
33,123
(at current prices) at 4.47% whereas in 2021-22 it’s
GSVA (at current prices) is at 4.99% among the non-
Special Category States 2 (see Figure 6.17).

Figure 6.17. Share of Banking

and Insurance in GSVA at current
Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation,
prices: Non-Special Category
Government of India.
States
[Link]. Banking and Insurance
Share in GSVA
States
Banking and Insurance form a major part of the 2020-21 2021-22
financial services along with professional advisory, Maharashtra 23.49% NA
insurance, wealth management, mutual funds, stock Tamil Nadu 8.65% 9.53%
markets, treasuries and debt instruments, tax and Gujarat 7.75% NA
Karnataka 6.35% 7.16%
audit consultancy, capital restructuring, and portfolio
Uttar Pradesh 5.43% 6.14%
management. West Bengal 5.42% NA
Telangana 4.47% 4.99%
There is a strong, bi-directional relationship between
Andhra Pradesh 3.81% 4.63%
banking and insurance, and economic growth. 17.02 Rajasthan 3.54% 3.95%

2. Non-Special Category States with no data available for 2021-22 are Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Maharashtra, and West
Bengal. However, in 2020-21, the share of Banking and Insurance in the GSVA (at current prices) in Telangana was higher
the 2 states i.e. Chhattisgarh, Goa,

90 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

 States
Share in GSVA 6.4.7. Real Estate, Ownership
2020-21 2021-22
Madhya Pradesh 3.04% 3.55% of Dwelling and Professional
Haryana 2.97% 3.22% Services
Bihar 2.39% 2.64%
Punjab 2.26% 2.44% The gross value added by the real estate, ownership
Odisha 1.67% 1.84% of dwelling and professional services sector at
Chhattisgarh 1.05% NA current prices in Telangana grew from Rs. 96,912
Jharkhand 0.84% 0.87%
crores in 2014-15 to Rs. 2,49,105 crores in 2022-
Goa 0.32% NA
23 – an increase of 157.04% over a span of 8 years
Source: RBI Handbook of Statistics on Indian States 2021-22
(see Figure 6.19). The sub-sector grew 2.57 times
Growth Rate of Banking and between 2014-15 and 2022-23 at a CAGR of
Insurance: 12.53% (at current prices)

The Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of GVA According to JLL-City-Momentum Index-2020, which
by the banking and insurance sector (at current identifies the world’s most dynamic cities from a real
prices) in Telangana between 2014-15 and 2021-22 estate perspective, Hyderabad is the world’s most
was 8.81%. dynamic city by occupying the first position in the
city momentum index. As per the report, Hyderabad
Between 2020-21 and 2021-22, the GVA by banking is one of the world’s best-performing cities for prime
and insurance (at current prices) grew from Rs office rental growth.
49,02,161 to Rs 54,65,910 an increase of 11.50%.
In this sub-sector, Telangana had the tenth-highest Figure 6.19. GVA by the Real
CAGR of GVA by banking and insurance at current Estate and Professional Services
prices) between 2014-15 and 2021-22 among 13 at current prices in Telangana
Non-Special category states with data availability (2014-15 to 2022-23)
Real Estate, Ownership of Dwelling and Professional Services
([Link])
(see Figure 6.18)3 .
249105
2,18,705

Figure 6.18. Compound Annual

1,93,875
1,80,720
1,61,635
1,44,498
1,31,824
Growth rate of GVA (at current 96,912
1,12,172

prices) by Banking and Insurance

(CAGR between 2014-15 and
2021-22): Non-Special Category
States
Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation,
Government of India.

[Link]. Information Technology

and IT Enabled Services
Information Technology (IT) is one of the fastest-
growing sectors in Telangana. In particular,
Hyderabad city has played a crucial role in putting
the Indian IT sector on the global map.

During 2021-22, Telangana added 1,49,506 new

jobs taking the total IT/ ITeS employment to 7,78,121,
a YoY increase of 23.89%. Between 2014-15 to
2021-22, IT/ITeS-based employment in Telangana
registered a Compound Annual Growth Rate of
11.13% over 7 years.
Source: RBI Handbook of Statistics on Indian States 2021-22

3. The data for Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Maharashtra, and West Bengal was not available for 2021-22.

Services 91
During 2014-15, the IT exports from Telangana Through the Growth in Dispersion (GRID) policy,
were worth Rs. 66,276 crores which almost tripled the Government provides special incentives to the
to Rs. 1,83,569 crore by 2021-22. The Compound companies that expand or set up their units beyond
Annual Growth Rate in IT exports during this period the western part of Hyderabad. IT parks in Uppal,
was 15.67%. The IT exports have a growth rate of
Pocharam, Kompally, Kollapur, and Shamshabad are
26.14% between 2020-21 and 2021-22 and 12.98%
under development and two electronic manufacturing
between 2019-20 and 2020-21 (see Figure 6.20).
clusters are under development at Maheshwaram
Figure 6.20. Exports and and Raviryal.
Employment in IT/ITeS in The Government has also focused on expanding IT
Telangana (2014-15 to 2021-22) in Tier-II towns including Warangal, Karimnagar,
2,50,000 9,00,000 Khammam, Nizamabad, Mahabubnagar, Siddipet,
7,78,121
8,00,000
2,00,000
and Nalgonda. The IT Tower (Phase-I) in Warangal
6,28,615 7,00,000
5,82,126
6,00,000 is operational and Phase-II is ready for operations.
1,83,569

5,43,033
1,50,000 4,75,308
5,00,000
4,31,891
The IT Tower at Karimnagar is operational. The IT
1,45,522

4,07,385
3,71,774
1,28,807

4,00,000
1,00,000
Tower in Khammam is operational and Phase II is
1,09,219

3,00,000
93,442
85,470
75,070

2,00,000
50,000
under construction. This shows that our Government
66,276

1,00,000

0 0 is keen on developing IT and creating employment

2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22

IT Exports (Rs. crores) IT Employment (number)

opportunities for the rural youth of Telangana.
Sources: DGCI&S, GoI Kolkata, and IT, E&C Dept GoTS and compiled
by State (Export Commissioner)Commerce & Export Promotion, Dept As of July 2022, Telangana had 35 operational SEZs,
GoTS, Hyd. 57 notified SEZs and 64 formally approved SEZs.

[Link]. Initiatives to promote IT/ [Link].3. Electronic Service

ITeS Delivery (ESD)
[Link].[Link] policies Electronic Service Delivery is the platform consisting
of eSeva and MeeSeva for the delivery of government
The Government of Telangana has released its first
services to citizens and businesses with a key
ICT Policy in April 2016 and its second ICT Policy in
focus on improving efficiency, transparency and
November 2021. Through ICT Policies Government of
accountability. Under this platform, The Government
Telangana provides various sets of Incentives to the
of Telangana launched the e-Office project in
IT/ITES Industry like Incentives on Industrial Power
December 2015 aiming to have a paperless office,
Category Tariff, reimbursement of Stamp Duty,
with increased transparency, efficiency, and
Transfer Duty, and Registration Fee, Patent Filing
accountability of the government organization. As of
Costs, Recruitment Assistance, Quality Certification,
October 2022, it is being successfully implemented in
Subsidy on Lease Rentals, Exhibition Rental Refund
40 Departments, Over 113 Head of the Department
etc which led to the overall growth of 157.04% in
& 33 Districts.
gross value added of the real estate, ownership of
dwelling and professional services sector at current The Government of Telangana is one of the first
prices in Telangana over a span of 8 years. States in India to adopt digital technologies for
e-Governance. The State has been ranked number
[Link].2. Distributed Growth- one among the other States in terms of the number
GRID Policy and Special IT-SEZ of e-Transactions and second among other states in
The Government of Telangana recognizes the need terms of e-Transactions per 1000 population as per
to distribute growth across Hyderabad in order to the Electronic Transaction Aggregation and Analysis
spread the gains from growth to the semi-urban Layer (eTaal), Ministry of Electronics and Information
areas around Hyderabad as well. Technology, Government of India. The rankings are
based on the e-Transactions recorded from June 2nd,
2014 to 26th May 2022.

92 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

[Link].4. Emerging Telangana State Building Permission Approval and
Self Certification System (TS-bPASS) in November
Technologies 2020, a single-window system that expedites the
A first-of-its-kind dedicated vertical established approval of building [Link] the inception,
in 2018 under the department of industries and 1,65,073 applications were received of which
commerce, to nurture the ecosystem of emerging 1,17,893 were approved whereas from 1st April
technologies in the State and enable their potential 2022 to 17th January 2023, 66,537 applications
socio-economic impact. The Emerging Technologies were received of which 44,312 were approved.
wing focuses on an expanding portfolio of
emerging technologies that include Artificial
[Link]. Initiatives to promote
Intelligence, Blockchain, Drones & Robotics, Additive
Skill and Innovation
Manufacturing, Internet of Things and Space Tech
[Link].1. Telangana Academy
supported by different institutions like Telangana AI
for Skill and Knowledge (TASK)
Mission, National Centre for Additive Manufacturing
(NCAM), Cyber Security Centre of Excellence, CoE on The Telangana Academy for Skill and Knowledge
E-waste Management. (TASK) envisages enhancing skilling synergy among
the institutions of the Government, industry and
Emerging Technologies wing started AI for All training
academia which was set up in 2014. The services
program for one lakh high school students in basic
offered by TASK belong to three major categories-
artificial intelligence courses, a pilot initiative that
skill development, entrepreneurship, and capacity
was undertaken in 2022. In addition Government of
building for government machinery.
Telangana is engaged with GIZ(German Corporation
for International Cooperation GmbH)and has Between April 2021 to October 2022, under the skill
initiated the acceleration for the adoption of AI in the development program, 718 colleges (Engineering/
state which aims to strive more open, inclusive and Degree/MCA/MBA/Polytechnic) and close to 40,000
sustainable approach to AI. students registered with TASK. Since its inception,
over 7,09,530 students have registered and around
[Link]. Initiatives to promote 14,683 faculty were skilled through [Link] addition,
Real Estate Services for entrepreneurship and capacity building, it has
collaborated with different partners like Google
[Link].1. Dharani
Cloud, Oracle, Internshala, and Smartbridge in 2021-
Dharani web portal is a service sector innovation 22.
launched on 29th October 2020 for agricultural
land transactions in the state that offers a one-
[Link].2. Telangana State
stop solution for agricultural land transactions. Innovation Cell
The portal offers 100% advance slot bookings and
The Telangana State Innovation Cell (TSIC) was
instantaneous mutation and registration and brings
set up in 2017 under the State Innovation Policy
registrations to the doorsteps of the citizens. The
with the vision— to promote a culture of innovation
stamp duty fee is calculated by the system without
across Telangana and become a go-to destination
human intervention, which ensures that there is no
of the State Ecosystem. TSIC works in the areas of
discretion to any official. 23,20,233 transactions
innovation in schools, social innovation, innovation
were completed through the portal till 27th January
diffusion, startup support, and grassroots innovation.
2023.
To build a culture of innovation over 60,000 School
[Link].2. TS-bPASS Students from Social Welfare, Tribal Welfare,
Engineering Colleges, Government Degree Colleges,
To ease the administrative burdens in developing
Polytechnic, and ITI Colleges have been trained
new buildings, the Government introduced the

Services 93
in Design Thinking & [Link] 2019 over
[Link].4. Women Entrepreneurs
500 rural innovators from 33 districts of Telangana
Hub (WE-Hub)
have been scouted for their innovative ideas/
solutions through the Intinta innovator [Link] WE Hub is a first-of-its-kind State-led platform
November 2022, to foster innovation in Government launched in March 2018 with the primary goal to
and Administration, various State Government promote and foster women’s entrepreneurship
Departments have been facilitated to interact and through incubation, access to government, and
learn about emerging solutions of over 100 startups building a collaborative ecosystem. WE-Hub has
as a part of the Government Startup Connect conducted various programs, primarily focused
initiative. on three segments (students, rural/tribal women
entrepreneurs, and high potential urban women
[Link].3. Technology Hub entrepreneurs) of the beneficiaries. Since its inception,
(T-Hub) WE-Hub has incubated 2194 startups and small/
medium entrepreneurs and engaged 5,235 women
T-Hub is an innovation intermediary and business
entrepreneurs, and created 2823 direct and indirect
incubator based in Hyderabad set up to promote
employment.
entrepreneurship in Telangana, with the first phase
launched in 2015. Since its inception, T-Hub has
[Link].5. T-Works
contributed to innovation, entrepreneurship and
ecosystem development that has been recognised T-Works is India’s largest prototyping center started
at the national level over 55 other participating in 2017 with a vision to create and celebrate a
incubators. T-Hub has impacted over 2500 startups, culture of hobbyists, makers, and innovators in India.
conducted over 1000 events and created 12000+ T-Works provides services such as IP facilitation,
jobs. T-Hub Phase 2 was launched in June 2022 and Product Design, Rapid Prototyping, and Component
has further improved the state’s startup ecosystem. Sourcing. It is India’s first prototyping center
Due to its innovation, it has emerged as the winner established by a state government.
in the category for its efforts to support the growth
Since its Inception, T-Works has facilitated over 250
of the startup ecosystem in Telangana and won
startups and 15 MSMEs to build prototypes and
the ‘Best Incubator in India’ award at the National
products through various programs and support
Startup Awards 2022 on National Startup Day. In
services. In addition, T-Work’s innovative machine-
addition, the Government of Telangana has launched
on-cloud platform ‘[Link]’ has shipped over
Y-Hub to encourage and support children and youth
700 products and prototypes. It also conducted 16
towards entrepreneurship.
Mentoring Sessions on the Solution Seeker Platform.

Box 6.1 freelancers, independent contractors, project-

based workers, and temporary or part-time hires.
Boom of Gig Economy Gig apps and digital technology are often used to
connect customers and gig workers.
As per the oxford dictionary, A gig economy is a
free market system in which temporary positions The key drivers of the Gig Sector are flexibility to
are common and organizations hire independent work from anywhere, changing work approaches,
workers for short-term commitments. The term business models, the emergence of a Start-up
“gig” is a word for a job that lasts a specified culture, rising demand of contractual employees,
period of time. Examples of gig workers include etc. While there is a wide variety of advantages

94 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

 that the gig economy produces, there are also some the demand and supply of gig work across India.
downsides impacting the labour and the growth According to the Index, quick commerce, health tech,
of the sub-sectors prompting the gig economy. fintech, and e-commerce are the top sectors in the
Impacting the labour and the growth of the sub- Indian gig space. City-specific data indicates that
sectors promoting the gig economy. For example- the demand for gig work across tier-1 cities saw
the gig economy may perpetuate the problems with an overall 33% growth month-on-month. While
such as the gender pay gap, biased algorithms cities such as Hyderabad(45%), Mumbai(45.45%),
affecting communities, gender stereotypes, digital Delhi(32%), Bengaluru(25%), and Chennai(23.4%)
divide, wage disparities, and no fixed tenure-led saw maximum growth for gig workers.
growth etc.
India is a developing country, endowed with a
A report on India’s Booming Gig and Platform demographic dividend but as many economists
Economy released by Niti Aayog in June 2022 say, it yields benefits only when we provide
estimates that in 2020- 21, 77 lakhs (7.7 million) opportunities to the people. Therefore Gig &
workers were engaged in the gig economy and the platform sectors may provide that opportunity.
gig workforce is expected to expand to 2.35 crore In addition, it may also increase the labour force
(23.5 million) workers by 2029-30. At present, participation rate (all ages) which is around 41.6%
about 47% of the gig work is in medium-skilled in India and 48.4 % in Telangana as per the PLFS
jobs, about 22% in high skilled, and about 31% in report 2020-21. As a way forward with the boom
low-skilled jobs. in the Gig Economy, the State can continue working
towards addressing some of the challenges stated
In July 2022, Taskmo, an on-demand task fulfilment
above to provide a platform and opportunities for
platform, recently revealed the first edition of
the growth of the sector.
the Taskmo Gig Index(TGI), a tool to measure

6.4.8. Tourism domestic tourist arrivals between 2021-22 to 2022-

23. In this span, the number of foreign tourists also
Telangana’s history and topography have endowed increased by 62,484 (see Figure 6.21)
the state with a variety of tourist destinations, from
waterfalls and hills to temples and forts. The region
Figure 6.21. Total Tourist
has a rich cultural heritage and possesses all the Arrivals in Telangana (2014-15
qualities required to emerge as a potent tourist to 2022-23 )
destination in India. 9.452 9.516 9.288 8.304
8.527

[Link]. Tourist Footfall 7.240

6.075

The state witnessed an increase in domestic tourists

4.006
3.233
3.182

from 3,20,00,620 in 2021-22 to 6,07,48,425 in

2.518

3.200
1.666

2022-23, an increase of 89.84%. During this period,

1.267
0.752

0.684
0.467

foreign tourists increased from 5,917 to 68,401 an

0.059

increase of 1056.01%. 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23

Domestic Tourist Arrivals (Crore) Foreign Tourist Arrivals (Lakhs)

In addition, after lifting travel restrictions due to
COVID-19, there is a steep increase of 2,87,47,805 in Source: Department of Tourism, Government of Telangana

Services 95
[Link].Awards • Heritage Circuit: Qutub Shahi Heritage Park
- Paigah tombs - Hayath Bakshi Mosque -
The Government of Telangana won the National Raymond’s tomb
Tourism Awards in four categories. The categories are
Best State (Comprehensive Development of Tourism), • Eco-Tourism Circuit: Somasila Reservoir -
Best Golf Course (Hyderabad Gold Club), Best Singotam Reservoir - Akka Mahadevi Caves
Railway Station (Secunderabad Railway Station) - Srisailam - Mannanur - Malleelatheertham -
and Best Medical Tourism Facility (Apollo Hospitals). Uma Maheshwaram Temple.
The awards were presented by the Government of
[Link].2. Festivals, Pilgrimages
India at World Tourism Day celebrations held in New
and Heritage Walks
Delhi in September 2022.
The biennial Medaram Jathara, or Sammakka
In November 2022, UNECO’s Asia-Pacific Awards for
Saralamma Jathara, honoring the twin goddesses
Cultural Heritage Conservation 2022 Awards was
of Sammakka and Saralamma, is the biggest tribal
declared in which step-wells of the Golconda fort
festival in Asia, attracting nearly 1 crore devotees.
won the award of distinction where conservation
During every jathara, the Government makes
works of the Qutb Shahi dynasty construction were
elaborate arrangements for providing logistics,
undertaken and completed and Domakonda fort in
drinking water, sanitation, and emergency healthcare
Kamareddy won the award of merit. A total of 13
facilities.
projects from 6 countries – Afghanistan, China, India,
Iran, Nepal and Thailand – have been acknowledged Bathukamma is a colourful floral festival of
for the award. Telangana that is celebrated by women with exotic
flowers of the region. The Government distributes
[Link]. Government Initiatives to Bathukamma Sarees to all adult women enrolled
promote tourism under the Food Security Scheme during the festival
The Government is promoting tourism in the state season every year since 2017.
through supporting festivals and pilgrimages,
[Link].3. TS-iPASS for tourism
building safe and hygienic hospitality infrastructure,
and creating livelihood opportunities through reach- To facilitate the speedy approvals and clearances
out activities in India and abroad. for tourism-related services, the Government has
developed an application in the Telangana State
[Link].1. Tourism Circuits Industrial Project Approval and Self-Certification
Tourism circuits help highlight the inter-relationships System (TS-iPASS) portal for the registration of
and common tourism opportunities among the cities hotels, resorts, service apartments, lodges, wayside
and villages that are part of the same destination. amenities, convention centers, and travel agencies
The major tourism circuits in the state are:- as well as performance licenses for tourism events.

• Tribal Circuit: Mulugu - Laknavaram - Medaram

- Tadvai - Damaravai - Mallur - Bogatha
Waterfalls.

96 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

6.5. Way Forward In addition, the Government is also keen on
integrating the innovations in the service sector with
The service sector has the highest employment other sectors like agriculture, which are dominant
generation among all sectors. Recognizing the in rural areas, and to benefit from the innovations
central role of technology in service-sector growth, in IT/ITeS currently focused in urban areas. Most
the Government is trying to supplement the existing prominently, the Government has shown initiative
potential through institutional support to the to increase the rural penetration of the IT sector
firms, especially start-ups, via initiatives such as through initiatives like the Dharani portal and the
T-Hub, Y-Hub, WE-Hub, TSIC, and T-works. The use of technology to prevent leakages in the Public
Government is also actively promoting the use of Distribution System. To foster greater cross-sectoral
Artificial Intelligence (AI), Blockchain technology, integration, the Government is providing enabling
and drone technologies. These programs were infrastructures such as T-Fiber and a high-quality
conducted through TASK with industry and road network. Taken together, these initiatives would
corporate partnerships including IBM, ExcelR, help foster economic growth, enhance productivity
Microsoft, Smartbridge, NASSCOM Future Skills, across sectors, and generate robust employment.
and others which will gear up the workforce to
adapt to technological changes.

Services 97
 CHAPTER

7
INFRASTRUCTURE

98 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

 Key Highlights
l Telangana has a total road network are agricultural, and 21.51 lakh
of 1,09,260 km of which 51% are (12.36%) are industrial and other
Black top roads (53,445 km), 30% connections.
are Unmetalled roads (31,209 km),
10% are Cement concrete roads l Telangana has 4.08 crore telephone
(10,794 km), and 9% are Metalled subscribers, of which 98% are
roads (8,828 km), excluding wireless subscribers. Among the
National highways. 2.37 crore urban subscribers, 96%
use wireless telephones. In rural
l The total vehicle strength in areas, there are 1.70 crore (99.8%)
the state is 1.51 crore. Of this, wireless subscribers and nearly
Motorcycles and cars together 50,000 wireline subscribers.
account for around 85%. Nearly, 5%
are Tractors and trailers, and the l Telangana has the 2nd lowest
remaining 10% are other vehicles. transmission loss among South
Indian states and the 4th lowest
l The Installed capacity of power in transmission loss in the country.
Telangana is 18,069 MW. Of this, The Electricity transmission and
Thermal energy constitutes more distribution loss of the state in
than half of the share (10,481 2019-20 was 15.28% compared to
MW). Around 41% is sourced from the all-India value of 20.46%.
renewable energy (7,439 MW), and
Nuclear energy accounts for about l Through Mission Bhagiratha,
1% (149 MW). access to treated surface water is
ensured for
l The total Contracted capacity of
power in Telangana is 17,667 MW. 23,975 rural habitations (outside
Of this, around 50% is generated by Outer Ring Road), 649 rural
the state sector ( 8,786 MW), 36.1% habitations that are merged
of electricity is from the private with Urban Local Bodies (ULBs),
sector (6,385 MW), and 14.1% of and 121 ULBs
electricity is from the central sector
( 2,496 MW).
23,517 schools, 27,257
Anganwadi Centers and other
l The total electrical connections government institutions
in the state are 174.03 lakh. Of
these, 125.56 lakh (72.15%) are
domestic, 26.96 lakh (15.49%)

Infrastructure 99
7.1 Introduction 1. National Highways (NHs)
2. Roads managed by the Roads and Buildings
Infrastructure refers to the basic physical systems Department (R&B)
of a region or nation, such as transportation,
3. Rural roads managed by the Panchayat Raj
water, sanitation, energy, and communication, that
Engineering Department (PRED)
are required for the overall growth of the region.
4. Roads managed by the Greater Hyderabad
Infrastructure is the foundation on which the
Municipal Corporation (GHMC).
structure of any economy is built. Since its formation,
the Government of Telangana has been making The total road length in Telangana is 1,09,260 km.
consistent efforts to promote essential infrastructural Of which, 61.80% are rural roads, 25.39% are state
development. For instance, Telangana achieved highways and district roads (R&B). 8.25% are GHMC
100% saturation in household electrification by roads, and 4.56% are National Highways (see table
2018. In addition, Telangana is the only state in the 7.1)
country that has been supplying 24-hour free power Table 7.1 Road Transportation
to farmers since 2018
network in Telangana (2021-22)
The progress made on the five key components
Length
of infrastructure - Transportation, Energy, Sl. No. Type of Road
(km)
Communication, Water supply, and Sanitation – has
been detailed in this chapter. The other aspects of 1 PRED Roads (Rural Roads) 67,527
infrastructure such as public services, industries, 2 Roads and Buildings Roads 27,737
health, and education were detailed in chapters 4,5,8 3 GHMC Roads 9,013
and 10.
4 National Highways 4,983

7.2 Transportation 5 Total Road Network 1,09,260

(1+2+3+4)
The three modes of transport - Roads, Railways, and
Source : (1) Roads & Buildings Department, (2) Panchayat Raj
Airways – play a key role in the movement of goods Engineering Department, (3) GHMC
and people in the state. Along with being a key
The total road network in the state other than NHs
infrastructural requirement, transportation is also a
is 1,04,277 km of which, 51% are Black top roads
significant contributor to the state’s total economic
(53,445 km), 30% are Unmetalled roads (31,209
product.
km), 10% are Cement concrete roads (10,794 km),
7.2.1 Road transportation and 9% are Metalled roads (8,828 km), excluding
network National highways. (see figure 7.1)

The Road Transportation network in Telangana

consists of the following:

Figure 7.1. Road Network (Length in Km) in Telangana by

Construction material (2021-22)
53,445 R&B PR&ED GHMC Total

30,306 31,209
25,635 24,964

10,794
8,511 8,828
6,167
2,846 3,745
903 0 882 317 0

Black top Unmetalled Cement concrete Metalled

Type of Road

Source: (1) Roads & Buildings Department, (2) Panchayat Raj Engineering Department, (3) GHMC

100 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Among the districts in Telangana, Rangareddy has 1332.7 km per 100 sq km. Medchal Malkajgiri and
the longest road network with a length of 7,714 Km. Rangareddy are the districts with the second and
Nalgonda with a total road network of 7,529 km is third highest road densities at 386 km per 100
the district with the second-longest road network. square km and 157.6 per 100 square km respectively
(see figure 7.2)
The Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation
(GHMC)1 has a total road network of 9,013 km. Of Figure 7.2. District-wise Road
which, 6,167 km (68.42%) are cement concrete roads Density (2021-22)
and 2,846 km (31.58%) are blacktop roads.

The share of all-weather roads2 in the total

road transportation network (excluding National
highways), is 70%, with a total length of 73,063 km.
All GHMC roads, around 97% of state highways
and district roads (R&B roads), and nearly 55% of
the rural roads are all-weather roads (see table 7.2)

Table 7.2. Percentage of all-

weather roads in Telangana
(2021-22)

All- Percentage
Total
Type of weather of all-
length
Road roads weather
(km)
(km) roads

PRED Roads 37,220 67,527 55.12%

Source : (1) Roads & Buildings Department, (2) Panchayat Raj
Engineering Department, (3) GHMC
R&B Roads 26,834 27,737 96.74%
7.2.2 Vehicle strength in the
GHMC Roads 9,013 9,013 100% state
Total 73,067 1,04,274 70.07% As of November 2022, the total number of registered
vehicles in Telangana is 1,51,13,129. Nearly, 73%
Source : (1) Roads & Buildings Department, (2) Panchayat Raj
Engineering Department, (3) GHMC of the total vehicles in Telangana are motorcycles.
Motor cars and motor cabs together account for
Road Density 13.6% of the total vehicle strength and the remaining
13% are other vehicles (see table 7.3)
As of 2021-22, Telangana has a total road density3
of 97.49 km for 100 sq km. Among the districts,
Hyderabad has the highest with a road density of

1. GHMC Roads are spread across Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Rangareddy and Medchal Malkajgiri districts

2. All-weather roads are the roads that are trafficable in every weather condition such as Cement-concrete roads, Black-top
roads, and Metalled roads. All roads, barring unmetalled roads, are classified as all-weather roads.

3. Road density is the length of road per 100 sq. km of land area

Infrastructure 101
Table 7.3. Vehicles registered in 7.2.3 Telangana State Road
the state as of 14th November Transport Corporation (TSRTC)
2022 The Telangana State Road Transport Corporation
(TSRTC) provides timely, affordable, and efficient
Sl.
Type Number bus services to the public. It operates 9,097 buses,
No
including 6,479 owned and 2,618 hired buses.
1 Motor Cycles 1,11,62,221 TSRTC has 3,500 routes connecting intra-state and
2 Motor Cars 19,45,307 inter-state destinations

3 Tractor and trailers 6,82,932 Nearly 68% of the TSRTC buses serve rural areas and
around 32% of the buses serve the urban population.
4 Goods Carriage Vehicles 5,95,659
TSRTC has an employee strength of 44,648 in various
5 Auto-Rickshaws 4,48,250 cadres. There are 99 bus depots across 21 divisions.
6 Motor cabs 1,14,564
Nearly 45 lakh passengers travel in TSRTC buses
7 Others 86,508 every day with an occupancy ratio of 67.72% The

8 Maxi Cabs 30,899 average daily earning of TSRTC (up to October

2022) was Rs. 13.18 crore. To augment commercial
9 Educational Institution 28,672
revenues, TSRTC also introduced parcel and cargo
vehicles
services that move consignments of Government
10 Stage Carriage vehicles 9,400 departments, private establishments, and
individuals. The corporation earned a revenue of Rs.
11 Contract Carriage vehicles 5,432
161.81 crore by delivering 1.00 crore parcels up to
12 Private service vehicles 3,051 November 2022.
13 e-Rickshaw/e-Cart 234
7.2.4 Urban Transport
Total 1,51,13,129 Infrastructure in Hyderabad
Source: Transport Department, Government of Telangana
Road Development

[Link] Anywhere - Anytime Hyderabad city accounts for nearly 29% of the total
Online service urban population of the state, and the population
is growing at a rapid pace. With the growing
The Government of Telangana launched a Mobile-
population, there has been significant growth in the
Governance program called Anywhere-Anytime
use of four-wheelers, leading to traffic congestion
to improve transparency in service delivery. This
and frequent traffic jams. The growing human and
program enables citizens to access the Regional
vehicle population requires the government to devise
Transport Authorities (RTA) services through the
a focused strategy for easy mobility across the city
T-App folio mobile app. Anywhere-Anytime is
through the development of advanced infrastructure
equipped with a deep learning-based comparison
facilities.
and liveness detection to assess the veracity of
smartphone-received photos. A machine learning- The Government of Telangana introduced the
based entrance resolution is added to this to check Strategic Road Development Programme (SRDP) to
the applicant’s demographic characteristics. Due to improve traffic and transport infrastructure, minimise
these features, citizens now can avail of RTA services travel time, and increase average journey speed
without visiting a center. in Hyderabad city. The construction of 33 transit
infrastructures including flyovers, underpasses, and

102 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

overbridges has been completed under SRDP till complete, it will connect the Information Technology
November 2022 at a cost of Rs.2,909.6 crore, and 15 (IT) Hub at Mindspace junction in Madhapur with
projects costing Rs. 3,854.26 crore are in progress. the Rajiv Gandhi International Airport located in
Shamshabad. It will cater to the growing needs of
The Government also introduced the Comprehensive
the city population, reducing their travel time to the
Road Maintenance Programme(CRMP) to ensure the
airport by more than one hour.
upkeep and maintenance of nearly 812 km of main
roads (3 lanes and above width) in the high-traffic Air Traffic patterns in
areas of GHMC. As of 2022, around 88% of the total Hyderabad Airport
roads maintained by CRMP have been re-carpeted,
The Rajiv Gandhi International Airport (RGIA),
with around 28% of the roads re-carpeted in 2021-
Hyderabad is the main airport in Telangana state.
22 itself.
The route connectivity of the airport increased in
The Government also decided to identify and develop 2021-22 in comparison with the previous year. As of
the ‘Missing Link Corridors’ and ‘Slip Roads’ that October 2022, the airport is connected to 65 domestic
would address the growing traffic congestion. They destinations and 17 international destinations.
are intended to provide the missing connections Additionally, it contains a specified pharma zone and
in the effective distribution of traffic over the road an integrated freight facility with a handling capacity
network in Hyderabad. of 1,50,000 MT annually.

Hyderabad city is surrounded by the proposed RGIA received passenger traffic of 116.30 lakh
Regional Ring Road (RRR), which has an average between April 2022 and October 2022 – an increase
radial distance of 50–60 km. In 2016, two road of 106.9% (56.2 Lakh) over the same period last year.
segments linking Sangareddy and Choutuppal were International passenger traffic in particular increased
formally authorised by the Indian government as phenomenally – from 5.6 lakh in the April-October,
new national highways. 2021 period to 18.7 lakh in the April-October, 2022
period – an increase of 233% (see figure 7.3).
Hyderabad Metro rail
The overall number of Air Traffic Movement (ATM)
Hyderabad has a well-functioning elevated increased by 56.4% during this period – from 58,676
metro rail corridor supplementing city roads.. The to 91,767. Cargo traffic at the airport increased from
Hyderabad Metro Rail (HMR) is a sustainable mode 80,200 MT to 83,892 MT between the two periods. (
of transportation spanning over 69 km, with its see figure 7.4)
three corridors criss-crossing Hyderabad city. The
HMR was designed to address the increasing traffic Figure 7.3. Passenger Traffic in
congestion and pollution levels in Hyderabad city and Hyderabad Airport (In million)
has now become a prime mode of transport for the (2021-22)
11.63
people. It offers a convenient, affordable, and timely
alternative to road transportation to local travellers, 9.76

and is the world’s largest Public-Private Partnership

(PPP) project in the Metro rail sector.
5.62
5.06
Given that Hyderabad is a major hub for medical
tourism, and also receives a huge footfall of domestic
1.87
and international travellers, the Government 0.56
initiated the construction of the Hyderabad Airport
Domestic International Total
Express Metro (Phase-II) – a 31-km long metro rail Passenger Traffic (In Millions)
corridor, which is currently under progress. Once
Source: Rajiv Gandhi International Airport Authority, Hyderabad

Infrastructure 103
 Figure 7.4. Cargo and Air Traffic Movement in Hyderabad Airport
(2021-22)
April 2021 - October 2021 April 2022 - October 2022 April 2021 - October 2021 April 2022 - October 2022

36,826 52,776
Domestic Domestic

Air Traffic Movement (Number)

40,831 78,829
Cargo (MT)

43,375 5,900
International International
43,061 12,938

80,200 58,676
Total Total
83,892 91,767

Source: Rajiv Gandhi International Airport Authority, Hyderabad

Awards and Recognition energy efficiency measures. This also led to a

significant decrease in the GHG (GreenHouse
• Rajiv Gandhi International Airport (RGIA) Gas) emissions at the HYD airport. It is worth
clinched the prestigious “National Energy noting that Hyderabad International Airport is
Leader” and “Excellent Energy Efficient Unit” also a Carbon Neutral Airport having Level 3 +
awards at the 23rd National Award Ceremony ‘Neutrality’ accreditation from Airports Council
for ‘Excellence in Energy Management’ International (ACI) under its Airport Carbon
organized by the Confederation of Indian Accreditation (ACA) program.
Industry (CII) – Godrej Green Business Centre
• Rajiv Gandhi International Airport (RGIA) has
(GBC) during the 21st edition of ‘Energy
been adjudged as having the ‘Best Airport
Efficiency Summit
Staff in India and South Asia’ in Skytrax World
• Over the last three years, RGIA operations led to Airport Awards 2022. The airport has also
a substantial energy saving of around 5.41 MU progressed in its overall ranking, moving from
(~ 4426 tonnes of carbon emissions reduction) 64th position in 2021 to 63rd position in the
owing to its sustainable initiatives towards 2022 World’s Top 100 Airport league.

7.2.5 Logistics special focus on logistical infrastructure development

to become a major destination for international
Logistics is a vital component of physical infrastructure investors. The Government of Telangana, in 2014,
for the overall growth of a region. It facilitates recognized Logistics as one of the 14 thrust sectors
favorable ecosystems for the transportation of under the Industrial Policy Framework4 , in which
goods and services from one region to the other. A investments are accorded a higher priority over other
well-established logistical infrastructure could bring sectors.
in investments thereby contributing to the state’s
The Mangalpally logistics park in Ibrahimpatnam,
growth.
Rangareddy district which is spread over 22 acres
Being a landlocked state, Telangana has been laying was the first integrated logistics park in India to

4. Read more about the Industrial policy framework for the state of Telangana Telangana here: [Link]
in/writereaddata/files/INDUSTRIAL%20POLICY%20Framework%[Link]

104 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

be developed in Public-Private-Partnership (PPP)
mode. The Government is also developing a first-
7.4 Energy
of-its-kind logistics park with warehousing, parking, Energy is critical to the economic development of
and retail facilities at Batasingaram in Hyderabad any region, given its utility in every sector of the
across 40 acres at an investment of Rs 50 crore. economy. The Government of Telangana, since its
formation, has been promoting energy infrastructure.
Owing to the Government’s focus on improving this
The major sources of power in Telangana include
sector, the Logistics Ease Across Different States
thermal power, hydel power, and renewable energy
(LEADS) Report 20225 released by the Government
sources. The Government constantly endeavors
of India classified Telangana as an “Achiever” for
to provide 24x7 uninterrupted power supply to all
its exemplary logistics ecosystems with exceptional
domestic, agricultural, and industrial consumers.
infrastructure and transparent regulatory processes.
7.4.1 Access to Power and
7.3 Buildings Patterns of Supply
Besides serving several functional and societal
Telangana used to have a peak demand deficit
needs, buildings also serve as symbols of the state’s
of 2,700 MW and a load relief of 4–8 hours to
identity and growth. The Government of Telangana
households and other categories at the time of its
has been focusing on the construction of prominent
formation in June 2014. Additionally, the state’s
buildings since its formation. Major public building
industries had to experience two weekly power
works include the new Secretariat, the Police
holidays. Crop failures and subsequent farmer
Command Control centre, Kumram Bheemu Adivasi
suicides were caused by the agricultural sector’s
Bhavan, and the Sevalal Banjara building among
irregular 4-6 hour electricity supply. Furthermore,
others.
since the electricity supply to the agriculture sector
The new Secretariat building, the tallest structure was limited to night hours, they often suffered from
in the country, has been named after Dr. B.R. accidents and snake bites.
Ambedkar.
With the persistent and systematic interventions
Further, the Kumuram Bheemu Adivasi Bhavan and from the Government, the power sector in the state
the Sevalal Banjara building were constructed for the experienced an overhaul in the eight years. All
purpose of upliftment of tribal communities. These consumers in all sectors (domestic, agriculture, and
buildings act as a platform to discuss issues and industries) now receive a 24x7 reliable quality power
seek solutions in an effective manner. Additionally, supply. Interestingly, Telangana is the only state to
the Government of Telangana established Komaram supply 24x7 free power to 26.96 lakh agricultural
Bheem’s memorial at Jodeghat and also built the consumers. The government allocated Rs. 49,314
Sammakka-Saralamma museum in Medaram to crore as a subsidy towards free power supply to the
showcase the culture and traditions of Telangana’s agriculture sector between 2014-15 and 2021-22.
indigenous tribes.
7.4.2 Installed capacity of Power
Telangana has recently completed the construction
As of 2021-22, the Installed capacity of power6 in
of the Police Command Control Centre (CCC). The
Telangana is 18,069 MW. Of this, Thermal energy
CCC serves as the Hyderabad police’s third eye
constitutes more than half of the share (10,481
by giving it access to a majority of the locations
MW). Nearly, 41% of this is sourced from renewable
throughout the state and thus helps in emergency
energy (7,439 MW), and Nuclear energy accounts
management as well.
for about 1% (149 MW)

5. The LEADS Report is an indigenous data-driven index to assess logistics infrastructure, services, and human resources
across all 36 States and UTs. All the states and UTs are categorized as Achievers(90%-100%), Fast-movers(80%-90%), and
Aspirers(<80%) based on the logistical infrastructure improvement.

6. Installed Capacity means the summation of the guaranteed rated capacity of the generating units at the rated head, or the
capacity as decided in consultation with the Central Electricity Authority from time to time considering the uprating, de-rating
etc.

Infrastructure 105
Figure 7.5. Installed capacity of To meet the growing energy demand in the state,
the Government of Telangana has undertaken the
power of Telangana (MW)
capacity addition program through the establishment
(2014-15 to 2021-22) of three thermal power projects such as Kothagudem
17,218 18,069
16,024
15,139 15,826 TPS stage-VII, Bhadradri TPS, and Yadadri TPS with
10,892 11,501 the capacity of 800 MW, 1080 MW, and 4000 MW
9,470
respectively.

7.4.3 Per Capita Availability of

Power
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22

Source: Central Electricity Authority, Ministry of Power, Government Telangana experienced an increase in the per capita
of India availability of power by 1.7 times between 2014-
15 and 2021-22. The state has the fifth-highest per
Between 2014-15 and 2021-22, it experienced an
capita availability of power in the country amongst
increase of 91% with a Compound annual growth
the 18 non-special category states, at 2,005 kWh
rate (CAGR) of 9.67%. The CAGR of Telangana was
as of 2021-22 . This is nearly 1.8 times the all-India
nearly double the national average (5.66%). (See
value of 1,115.3 kWh.
figure 7.6)
In 2014-15, the per capita availability of power in
Between 2020-21 and 2021-22, Telangana stands
Telangana was 1,152 kWh whereas the national
fifth among the 18 non-special category states
average was 852 kWh. The per capita availability
and first among south Indian states in terms of
of power in the state increased by nearly 1.74 times
the growth rate in installed capacity. The installed
by 2021-22 to 2,005 kWh, whereas the per capita
capacity of power in the state grew by 4.94% during
availability of power in the country only increased to
this period, higher than the national average growth
1.31 times its 2014-15 value (see Figure 7.7)
rate of 4.54%. (see figure 7.6)

Figure 7.6. Installed capacity of Figure 7.7. CAGR in the Per

power: Growth rate and CAGR Capita Availability Power in the
in Non-special category states Non-Special Category States
Growth Rate from 2020-21 to 2021-22 CAGR from 2014-15 to 2021-22 (2014-15 to 2021-22)
Rajasthan 28.79% 10.93%
Bihar 9.66%
Bihar 15.85% 14.96%
Chhattisgarh 9.00%
Gujarat 11.39% 5.53%
Telangana 8.24%
Jharkhand 7.34% 0.58%
Madhya Pradesh 7.14%
Telangana 4.94% 9.67%
Uttar Pradesh 5.70%
Uttar Pradesh 4.78% 9.91% Odisha 5.51%
ALL INDIA 4.54% 5.66% Jharkhand 5.21%
Tamil Nadu 4.29% 6.32% Rajasthan 4.58%
Haryana 4.08% 5.80% All India 3.93%

Chhattisgarh 2.26% 0.31%

Maharashtra 3.80%

Kerala
Punjab 3.77%
2.04% 5.45%
Gujarat 3.68%
Goa 2.01% 6.16%
Andhra Pradesh 2.75%
Karnataka 1.62% 10.55%
Karnataka 2.74%
Andhra Pradesh 0.95% 12.51%
Kerala 2.66%
Punjab 0.85%
4.70% Haryana 2.50%
-0.41% Madhya Pradesh 6.96% Tamil Nadu 2.43%
-1.63% Maharashtra 1.80% West Bengal 2.27%
-3.05% West Bengal 1.60% Goa 1.75%
-9.15% Odisha -2.07%

Source : (1)Energy Department, Government of Telangana, (2) Central

Source: Central Electricity Authority, Ministry of Power, Government of
electricity authority of India
India

106 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

 Telangana has the highest growth in the per capita
Figure 7.10. Contracted Capacity
availability of power from 2014-15 to 2021-22
in Telangana by sector as of
among the south Indian states and third highest
among the non-special category states with the
September 2022
CAGR of 8.24% against the all-India value at 3.93% Total Contracted Capacity = 17,667 MW
(see Figure 7.8)
2,496
Figure 7.8. Year-on-year 14%
Per Capita Availability of
Power (kWh) : Telangana vs. 8,786
50%
India-(2014-15 to 2021-22) 6,385
Telangana All India 36%
2,005
1,942 1,905
1,888
1,707
Per capita availability of power (kWh)

1,503
1,416

1,152 1,115
1,029 1,043 1,031
852 901 938 978
Central sector Private sector State sector
Source: Energy Department, Government of Telangana

7.4.5 Energy Transmission and

2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
Distribution
Source: Central Electricity Authority, Ministry of Power, Government of
‘Electricity Transmission’ in the state is managed
India
by the Transmission Corporation of Telangana
7.4.4 Energy Sources Limited (TRANSCO). On the other hand, the energy
distribution is taken care of by the Telangana State
The total contracted capacity of Telangana more
Southern Power Distribution Company Limited
than doubled during the period from 2014-15 to
(TSSPDCL) and the Telangana State Northern Power
2021-22 – from 7,872 MW to 17,667 MW (see figure
Distribution Company Limited (TSNPDCL).
7.9)
As of 2019-20, Telangana has the 2nd lowest
Figure 7.9. Year-on-year transmission loss among south Indian states and the
contracted capacity of power 4th lowest transmission loss among the 28 states
(2014-15 to 2021-22) in the country. According to the Central Electricity
16,203 16,614
17,667
Authority, the electricity transmission and distribution
15,864
15,321
loss of the state in 2019-20 was 15.28% compared
Contracted capacity (MW)

12,006
to the all-India value of 20.46%. The only states with
8,854 lower transmission losses than Telangana are Goa
7,872
(10.92%), Himachal Pradesh (14.31%), and Kerala
(14.75%).

7.4.6 Electricity Consumption

Patterns
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22

Source: Energy Department, Government of Telangana

The total electricity consumption in Telangana was

Around half of the total contracted capacity in 2021-
39,519 Million Units (MU) in 2014-15. By 2021-22,
22 is from the state sector (8,786 MW) whereas
this increased to 61,267 MU (an increase of 21,748
the central sector contributed 14.1% (2,496 MW).
Million units during the period) (see figure 7.11)
More than one-third (36.1%) of the total contracted
capacity in the state is held by the private sector
(6,385 MW) (see Figure 7.10).

Infrastructure 107
Figure 7.11. Electricity Mancherial has only 1.59 lakh connections, the
lowest among all districts.
Consumption (in MU) in
The maximum share of domestic consumers is
Telangana (2014-15 to 2021-22) in Medchal where 86.29% of the total 15.83 lakh
57,454 58,515 57,006 61,267 connections are held by domestic consumers.
50,442 Hyderabad, with 17.72 lakh domestic connections, is
44,783 the district with the maximum number of domestic
39,519 41,045 connections in the state.
The percentage of agricultural connections is the
highest in Yadadri Bhuvanagiri where 31.34% of the
total 3.29 lakh connections are held by agricultural
consumers. Wanaparthy, with 2.19 lakh agricultural
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 connections, is the district with the maximum number
Source: Energy department, Government of Telangana of agricultural connections in the state.
Hyderabad district has the highest number as well as
The year-on-year trend in the per capita consumption
the percentage of industrial and other connections in
of electricity in Telangana is similar to the trend in the state. 19.03 % of the total 21.89 lakh connections
the per capita availability of power. Both parameters in Hyderabad are Industrial and other consumers,
increased consistently between 2014-15 to 2019- accounting for 4.17 lakh connections.
20 and then decreased slightly (0.78%) in 2020-21
during the pandemic. Between 2019-20 and 2020-
Figure 7.13. Distribution of
21. The per capita consumption of electricity in electrical connections across the
Telangana in 2014-15 was 1,356 kWh. By 2021-22, state (2021-22)
it grew by 1.57 times to 2,126 kWh. Between 2020- Domestic connections (%) Agricultural connections (%) Industries and other connections (%)

21 and 2021-22, it grew by 0.94 times (see figure Hyderabad 80.96 0 19.03

Vikarabad 80.09 11.5 13.91

7.12) Medchal 86.29 11.26 12.38

Figure 7.12. Per capita

Nizamabad 65.18 19.92 12.2

Wanaparthy 60.63 18.57 10.93

consumption of electricity (in Medak 74.34 18.54 11.93

Kwh) in Telangana (2014-15 to

Khammam 72.4 17.58 10.94

Hanmakonda 77.88 20.13 12.99

2021-22) Mahabubnagar(Incl. Narayanpet) 67.24 20.19 11.85

Karimnagar 69.36 20.13 12.11

2,071 2,012 2,126
1,896 Nalgonda 60.82 19.36 9.89
1,727
1,551 Nagarkurnool 61.71 20.24 10.16
1,439
1,356 Peddapalli 63.99 20.07 9.65

Bhadaradri Kothagudem 77.67 23.59 11.17

Siddipet 62.21 23.87 11.1

District

Kamareddy 64.34 21.42 10.42

Jagtial 69.53 24.25 9.94

Jogulamba Gadwal 68.16 23.91 11.6

2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 Jangaon 65.2 22 8.51

Rangareddy 58.39 21.89 10.96

Source: Energy Department, The Government of Telangana
Kumuram bheem 75.11 20.54 11.42

Yadadri Bhuvanagiri 58.58 20.17 10.08

Domestic, agricultural, and industrial and other Nirmal 68.9 20.59 10.4

consumers constitute the consumer base of electrical Warangal 63.94 18.25 9.68

connections in Telangana. As of 2021-22, there are Rajanna Sircilla (RESCO) 65.35 17.87 9.23

Mahabubabad 67.65 17.55 8.71

174.03 lakh electrical connections in the state of Jayashankar Bhupalapally(Incl. Mulugu) 60.08 17.01 9.1
which 125.56 lakh (72.15%) are domestic, 26.96 lakh Adilabad 76.75 17.22 11.97

(15.49%) are agricultural, and 21.51 lakh (12.36%) Suryapet 64.36 13.05 10.82

are industrial connections. Sangareddy 67.23 9.81 9.93

Mancherial 82.08 7.25 10.67

Hyderabad, with 21.89 lakh connections has the
highest consumer base in the state, whereas Source: Energy Department, The Government of Telangana

108 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

7.4.7 Renewable Energy Telangana State Solar Power
Policy
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
finds that around 80% of global energy and about Telangana has vast solar potential with average
66% of electrical generation are from fossil fuels, solar insolation of nearly 5.5 kWh/m2 for more than
contributing approximately 60% of the Greenhouse 300 sunshine days. The Telangana state solar power
Gas (GHG) emissions responsible for climate change.7 policy was introduced in 2015 with the objective
of harnessing the vast solar power potential of the
In 2021-22, Telangana produced 7,439.12 MW
of renewable energy, making up 41.17% of the state. This policy provided various incentives to
total installed capacity of electricity in the state. In prospective solar power developers. The success
comparison, the installed capacity of renewable of the policy is evident from a rise in the installed
energy in the state in 2020-21 was 3,806 MW capacity of solar power from 74 MW in 2014-15
(22.10% of the total installed capacity). Thus, to 4,432 MW in 2021-22, an increase of around
between 2020-21 and 2021-22, the installed 59 times. The state successfully implemented
capacity of renewable energy in Telangana grew by a distributed generation model for adding solar
1.95 times. capacity. This model helped the Government to save
Rs.533 crore at Extra High Tension (EHT)-level in the
The total installed capacity of renewable energy in
transmission network. As the generation is close to
the country in 2021-22 was 1,56,607 MW (see Table
the demand, the Government saved about 122 MU
7.4). Thus, Telangana accounted for 4.8% of the total
energy and an amount of Rs. 49 crores in the public
installed capacity of renewable energy in the country.
exchequer.
While the share of renewable energy sources in the
total installed capacity was lower for Telangana
Telangana Electric Vehicle Policy
than the other Southern states, it was higher than (2020-2030)
India’s value of 39.2%.
The Government recognizes that Electric Vehicles
Table 7.4. Share of Renewable (EVs) are a promising alternative to ICE (Internal
Combustion Engine) vehicles. The Telangana
Energy (RE) in the total Installed
Electric Vehicle & Energy Storage Policy 2020-20308
Capacity (2021-22)
(TEVP 2020-2030) builds upon the extant FAME-II

Total scheme9. The policy envisions making Telangana a

Installed hub for Electric Vehicles & Energy Storage Systems
Installed Share of
State Capacity of
Capacity RE (EV&ESS) by attracting private investment, and
RE (MW)
(MW) promoting Research & Development (R&D) and
Karnataka 19,536.19 30,577.59 63.89% manufacturing. The broader objective of the policy
Tamil Nadu 18,326.81 35,138.98 52.16% also includes a substantial reduction in the total cost
of personal and commercial transportation.
Andhra
10,885.16 25,726.89 42.31%
Pradesh TEVP 2020-30 has devised a strategy with robust
Telangana 7,439.12 18,069.04 41.17% incentive structures on both the supply and demand
Kerala 2,527.2 5,955.86 42.43% sides. On the supply side, EV & ESS sectors would
be incentivized through the subsidies and incentives
All India 1,56,607 3,99,497 39.2%
available under the Electronics Policy 2016. Moreover,
Source: (1) Central Electricity Authority (2) Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy, Government of India the Government would extend tailor-made benefits

7. Source: 1) The role of Fossil fuels in a sustainable energy system, United Nations Chronicle 2) International Energy Agency
8. For more details, please see: [Link]
9. Faster Adoption of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (FAME)- II scheme is being implemented since April 2019 by Department of
Heavy Industries, Government of India. The scheme suggested states to offer fiscal and non-fiscal incentives to improve the
use case for adoption of Electric Vehicles.

Infrastructure 109
to mega 10
and strategic projects on a case-to-case of Telangana, in line with Digital India, has launched
basis. It has identified Electronics Manufacturing Digital Telangana with the objective of facilitating
Clusters (EMC) and Industrial Parks are identified to the provisioning of digital infrastructure to every
promote EV & ESS manufacturing companies. citizen of the state.

On the demand side, the policy prescribes an attractive Digital Telangana stands on two pivots - one on
incentive structure for electric two-wheelers, the supply side and the other on the demand side.
three-seater auto-rickshaws, electric 4-wheelers, On the supply side, the Government aims to ensure
buses, and tractors. Recognizing the availability the universal availability of digital facilities by laying
and accessibility of EV-charging infrastructure as Optic Fiber Cable (OFC) to each household, providing
a prerequisite for the penetration of EVs, the policy 4G services in the entire state and Wi-Fi access in
ensures support for charging infrastructure. major cities and towns, and, installing a one-stop
kiosk in each Panchayat under the e-Panchayat
The Government would constitute a steering
scheme. On the demand side, a household-level
committee of senior officials for the time-bound
digital literacy program, school computer literacy
demand creation of EVs, the development of a
program, expansion of Mee-Seva services, and
charging network in Hyderabad followed by other
identifying technological solutions for citizen services
urban areas, and the periodic review of the policy.
at government offices were implemented.
7.5 Communication T-Fiber Grid
Communication is an important catalyst for economic
The T-Fiber Grid project aims to connect all
development as it connects every part of the state
households, public institutions, and private
with other parts of the country, as well as the world.
enterprises across the rural areas of the state
Communication infrastructure is the backbone of the
through OFC, and provide them with high-speed
communications system upon which several digital,
internet connectivity. It involves laying a carrier-grade
broadcasting, print, and telecommunication services
telecom OFC network from the state headquarters
are operated. This includes a range of modes of
(SHQ), as cascades, to the district headquarters
communication such as the internet, telephones,
(DHQ), Mandal headquarters (MHQ), and the Gram
television, cable televisions, radio, newspapers, and
Panchayats (GP). The network would be capable
other periodicals.
of delivering 4-100 Mbps to households and on-
7.5.1 Digital Infrastructure demand 20-100 Mbps to institutions and enterprises.
T-Fiber will leverage the existing trenches and ducts
Digital infrastructure refers to the physical assets created under Mission Bhagiratha.
required to operate technologies such as digital
communication, computing, and data storage. A 7.5.2 Telephone services
sustainable and inclusive digital infrastructure
As of November 2022, Telangana has around
system is essential for the overall growth and
4.08 crore telephone subscribers, of which 98%
development of the state.
are wireless subscribers. Of the total 2.28 crore
Digital Telangana urban subscribers, 96% use wireless telephones In
rural areas, there are 1.70 crore (99.8%) wireless
Since its formation, Telangana has been promoting subscribers and nearly 50,000 wireline subscribers.
digital infrastructure development. The Government (see Figure 7.14).

10. TEVP 2020-2030 considers an investment of more than Rs.200 crores in plant and machinery or providing employment
to more than 1000 persons as a ‘mega project’.

110 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

 Figure 7.14. Total Telephone 7.5.3 Posts
Subscriptions (in Lakhs) in
Posts are a convenient mode of communication
Telangana (2022) that touch the lives of people in many ways. Postal
Wireless Wireline Total
services deliver mail to the remotest corners of the
39.87 state, accept deposits, and provide life insurance
Total 0.98 coverage. The Telangana Postal Circle under India
Telephone Subscriptions (In Lakhs)

40.85 posts has 36 Head Post Offices, 789 sub-post offices,

5,388 branch post offices, and 27,031 letterboxes as
17.03 of 31st August 2021. Each circle also offers Savings
Rural 0.05 schemes, Passport services, Aadhar services, and
17.08 Philately services.

22.85
7.5.4 Radio Stations
Urban 0.93
There are 15 All India Radio (AIR) stations in
23.78
Telangana- 12 FM, 2 MW, and 1 SW. There are 11
Source: The Indian Telecom Services Performance Indicator April- operational private FM Radio stations in Telangana,
June 2022, Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
8 based in Hyderabad, and 3 in Warangal.
As of November 2022, Telangana, has the second-
highest Mobile teledensity at 105 among the southern 7.5.5 Periodicals and
states and the 9th highest teledensity among all Newspapers
states in the country. The All-India teledensity stands
Telangana has a total of 1,350 registered periodicals
at 83.
including daily newspapers, weekly and monthly

Figure 7.15. Mobile Teledensity magazines, and other periodicals. These also include
newspapers with multiple editions across the
across the Indian States (2022)
country. Over 60% of the total registered publications
Sikkim 139 are in Telugu, while Urdu and English hold a share of
Goa 132
Himachal Pradesh 131 18.4% and 13.6% respectively.
Kerala 120
Punjab 113 7.6 Water supply and
sanitation
Uttarakhand 111
Mizoram 111
Haryana 110
Telangana
Tamil Nadu
105
102
Water supply
Maharashtra 99
Karnataka 97 The Government focuses on ensuring timely access to
Gujarat 94 water for agriculture, potable water for households,
Arunachal Pradesh 84
All India 83 and adequate water supply to the industrial
Andhra Pradesh 82 sector. Augmenting water resources has been a
West Bengal 80
Rajasthan 78 policy priority of the state right from its formation.
Odisha 74 Multiple initiatives such as the construction of the
Tripura 74
Meghalaya 73 Kaleshwaram dam and the Mallanna Sagar reservoir
Manipur 72 for the provisioning of water to the agriculture sector,
Nagaland 70
Uttar Pradesh 69 and Mission Bhagiratha, for provisioning of drinking
Assam 68 water to the people, have been taken up by GoTS
Chhattisgarh 67
Madhya Pradesh 66 to ensure uninterrupted access to uncontaminated
Jharkhand 58 water for one and all.
Bihar 53

Source: Department of Telecommunications, Government of India

Infrastructure 111
7.6.1 Mission Bhagiratha 7.6.2 Swachh Telangana
Mission Bhagiratha is the flagship program of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6
Government of Telangana to provide safe, adequate, (SDG6) aims to achieve access to adequate and
sustainable, and treated drinking water to the entire equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open
state (except Hyderabad urban agglomeration defecation, paying special attention to the needs of
where a separate water supply system is already women and girls and those in vulnerable situations.
functional).
In line with SDG 6, the Government of India launched
Through its 26 segments, Mission Bhagiratha the Swachh Bharat Mission - Gramin in 2014 with
supplies surface-treated water to all rural habitations the objective of bringing about an improvement in
through functional tap connections. On the other cleanliness, hygiene, and sanitation in rural areas. In
hand, the Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) receive bulk line with this Mission, Telangana launched Swachh
water supply. The project provides treated drinking Telangana Mission in June 2015. In 2014-15, the
water at the rate of 100 Liters Per Capita Per Day sanitation coverage in Telangana was only 27.32%.
(LPCD) in rural areas, 135 LPCD in municipalities, Within the 5 years thereafter, the State constructed
and 150 LPCD in municipal corporations. 10% of the over 30 lakh toilets, out of which more than 19 lakh
total water is earmarked to meet industrial needs. toilets were constructed under Swachh Bharat
Mission-Gramin (SBM-G). Resultantly, Telangana
Mission Bhagiratha covers all 23,975 rural habitations
was declared Open Defecation Free (ODF) in 2019.
(outside Outer Ring Road), 649 rural habitations that
are merged with ULBs, and 121 ULBs. It targets SBM-G in the state now focuses on sustaining the
nearly 272.36 lakh population of which 75.52% is outcomes achieved through the mission and climbing
rural and the rest is urban. Moreover, 23,517 schools the sanitation ladder by managing solid and liquid
and 27,257 Anganwadi Centers along with other wastes in line with Palle Pragathi, the state’s flagship
government institutions are provided functional tap program for the overall progress and prosperity
connections under this project. of rural areas. The Government of Telangana has
developed a robust and inclusive ODF Plus strategy
A total expenditure of around Rs. 38,298.49 crore
involving District Administrations and Panchayat Raj
was incurred on drinking water schemes under
Institutions under SBM Phase II.
Mission Bhagiratha up to November 2022.
Figure 7.16. Performance of
According to the Ministry of Jalshakthi, GoI, Telangana
achieved 100% coverage of Functional Household
Telangana under Swachh
Tap Connections (FHTC) in all rural habitaions along30.00 Bharat- Gramin 120.00%
100%
with Goa, Gujarat and Haryana. 87.69%
25.00 100.00%

Sanitation 20.00 72.45% 80.00%

Sanitation services are as important as water supply,

15.00 24.31 60.00%
47.19%
given their implications on health, environment and 18.14
34.66%
safety. The Government of Telangana considers10.00 28.83% 8.11 40.00%

sanitation as a priority area and has started 4.89

programs such as Palle Pragathi and Pattana 5.00 3.13 20.00%
0.82
Pragathi to promote cleanliness. The Government
0.00 0.00%
also implements Swachh Telangana in line with the 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20

Swachh Bharat Mission. Household toilets constructed (in lakhs) Coverage (%)

Source: Swachh Bharat- Gramin Dashboard, Government of India

112 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

ODF Plus Strategy including Transportation, Energy, Communications,
Water supply, and Sanitation. The Government also
ODF Sustainability (ODF-S), Solid and Liquid Waste aims for the further improvement of infrastructure
Management (SLWM) and Visible Cleanliness (VC) capabilities in the state. Pursuing this endeavor, policy
are the key components of ODF Plus. The Government initiatives such as the Strategic Road Development
of Telangana recognizes the vital role of Information, Plan, Crucial Road Maintenance Project, Renewable
Education, and Communications (IEC) interventions Energy Plan 2030, Telangana Electric Vehicle Policy
for ODF-S and SLWM to create a felt need for these (2020-2030), and the ODF Plus Strategy under
activities among rural communities. SBM-G ensure a sustainable and inclusive physical
infrastructure system in the state.
7.7 Way Forward
The Government of Telangana has been promoting
infrastructure development in all critical sectors

Infrastructure 113
 CHAPTER

8
HEALTH

114 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

 Key Highlights
l The Government sanctioned 9 new Category II to Category I from 2015
Government Medical Colleges with to 2021.
a cumulative intake capacity of
900 MBBS students at Asifabad, l Under Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan
Jayashankar Bhupalpally, Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB PM-
Jangaon, Kamareddy, Karimnagar, JAY) - Aarogyasri an additional 646
Khammam, Rajanna Siricilla, treatments were made available
Vikarabad and Nirmal. and applicable through the
government hospitals in the State.
l The Government relaunched
the Kanti Velugu programme l Telangana has implemented a
on 18 January 2023, in the number of upgrading programmes
Khammam district with an aim to for AYUSH dispensaries and
build “Avoidable Blindness-free hospitals, making it the only State
Telangana.” with pharmacies in all three AYUSH
systems (Ayurveda, Unani, and
l The TSMSIDC is ranked third in the Homeopathy).
Country in the Drugs and Vaccine
Distribution System (DVDS) portal. l Government has launched Rs. 5/-
per meal programme for attendants
l Telangana was the only State of patients in 18 major hospitals in
among the 19 larger States in the Hyderabad / Greater Hyderabad
country to have demonstrated Municipal Corporation (GHMC).
a strong overall performance on
NITI Aayog’s Annual Health Index l Telangana has the highest coverage
2019-20, ranking third. of the precautionary(booster) dose
vaccination in the 18+ age group
l Telangana has received the best among larger States.
performance award in malaria
elimination and progressed from

Health 115
8.1 Introduction so in the case of public health systems. These
infrastructures are the formal and enduring structures
One of the most important indicators of human that support public health and enable experts to
development in a community is improvement in respond and prepare for emergency health concerns
health outcomes. Acknowledging the need for a like disease outbreaks and natural catastrophes.
focused and dynamic policy health sector in the Deadly disease outbreaks can only be handled by a
State, the Government of Telangana has formulated robust public health system as was evidenced in the
various initiatives and schemes to address key health case of COVID -19 response management.
issues in the community like the Telangana Kanti
The Government runs a network of primary,
Velugu to address avoidable blindness in the State,
secondary, and tertiary healthcare facilities in order
Dialysis scheme for chronic kidney patients etc. A
to provide universal health coverage and guarantee
special focus has also been given to develop health
the best service delivery to patients throughout
infrastructure in the State. An amount of Rs.10,954
the State. The patients in the State are catered to
Crore has been allocated for the 2022-23 budget
through 4 Civil Dispensaries, 2 Eye Hospitals, 4
for Medical and Public Health out of which, Rs.
Maternity Hospitals, 1 Child Hospital, 1 ENT Hospital,
822 crores allocated for National Health Mission in
1 Fever Hospital, 2 Chest Disease Hospitals, 33
order to enhance the delivery of healthcare services,
District Hospitals, 44 Sub District Hospitals, 31
including upgradation of existing or construction of
General & Speciality Hospitals, 17 Medical colleges,
new infrastructure.
119 Community Health Centres, 20 Area Hospitals,
The State Government’s persistent efforts to improve 636 Rural Primary Health Centres, 232 Urban
the health system in the State has been reflected Primary Health Centres, 4,745 Health Sub Centres,
in the State’s year on year performance on the NITI 2,250 Health and Wellness Centres, and 342 Basti
Aayog Health Index. In terms of overall performance, Dawakhanas.
Telangana moved from 11th rank amongst the 19
larger States in 2015-16 to 3rd rank in 2019-20. The
8.2.2 Major Health Institutions
index assessed the performance of the State along and Destinations in Telangana
24 indicators in the domains of Health Outcomes,
At the time of State formation, there was only one
Governance and Information and Key Inputs and
multi-disciplinary super speciality hospital (NIMS)
Processes. Indeed, Telangana’s Health sector has
in the State. The Government has made large
served as a role model for other Indian States on
expenditures in the establishment of new medical
how to deal with public health exigencies.
facilities in order to increase the State’s capacity to

8.2 Health Infrastructure serve patients from both within and outside the State
and to position Telangana as the “go-to healthcare
Robust Health Infrastructure is necessary to ensure destination.” While some of these institutions are
improved standards of care and well-being for slated to begin operating within the next few years,
all patients. It includes a capable and qualified others have already started operating. They were
workforce, up-to-date data and information systems, all built with modern amenities that are on par with
and agencies that can assess and respond to public some of the top health institutions in the world. The
health needs. The Government has been making following section details information about these
significant investments towards strengthening the institutions.
health infrastructure in the State since 2014-15.
[Link] All India Institute of
8.2.1 Physical Health Medical Sciences (AIIMS),
Infrastructure in Telangana Telangana
Health infrastructure plays an important and integral The Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana
role in the development of any society, particularly (PMSSY), which was introduced in 2003, aims to

116 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

improve facilities for high-quality medical education infrastructure with additional facilities, specialities,
in the nation as well as address regional disparities and departments.
in the accessibility of affordable and reliable tertiary
healthcare services. [Link] Mehdi Nawaj Jung (MNJ)
Institute of Oncology
One of the premier medical facilities built under
Phase VII of PMSSY is AIIMS, Bibinagar in the Yadadri MNJ Institute of Oncology is the sole referral hospital
Bhuvanagiri district. The institute started operating in in Telangana offering free comprehensive cancer care
2019 and has since been offering patients outpatient, to poor patients from the State. It is a 450-bedded
inpatient, telemedicine, surgical, intensive care unit apex cancer hospital and teaching hospital with
(ICU), and investigative treatments. Additionally, new patient registrations of around 10,000 per year.
AIIMS is a premier institute for health education in About 2,500 major & minor surgeries are performed
the State, with its first batch of 50 students from the every year at the hospital. Every day, 400 patients
MBBS course due to pass out in the year 2024. receive radiotherapy, and 350 receive chemotherapy.
More than 1.5 lakh cancer-related diagnostic tests
[Link] Telangana Institute of are done at the hospital each year. Further, at any
Medical Sciences & Research given point in time, there are 500 to 550 in-patients
(TIMS) at the institute. The Institute also acts as a major
medical tourism center providing cancer care to
Telangana Institute of Medical Sciences & Research patients from the neighboring States of Andhra
(TIMS), Gachibowli, Hyderabad is a State-of-the-art Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka,
multi-speciality hospital, with a total bed strength of and Orissa.
1,261 beds, including 137 Intensive Care Units (ICU)/
ventilator beds, and 843 oxygen beds. [Link] Warangal City -The
Health City of Telangana
In 2021, the Government of Telangana announced
plans to establish four more TIMS hospitals for areas In 2021, the Government laid the foundation stone
under GHMC and the peripheral regions, which and sanctioned Rs 1,100 crore for the construction
would match the medical infrastructure standards of a super specialty hospital in Warangal as part
set by corporate hospitals and the All India Institute of its plan to develop Warangal into a health city
of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi. The four and a medical tourism destination. The 24-storeyed
super-speciality hospitals for the urban population hospital will be constructed across a 15-acre area
in GHMC, dubbed as Telangana Institute of Medical and will have 2,000 beds including 800 beds for
Sciences (TIMS) will come up at Gachibowli, Sanath super speciality services. The hospital will have 36
Nagar, Alwal, and Dilsukhnagar. super speciality divisions, around 500 doctors, more
than 1,000 nurses, paramedics and other staff. The
[Link] Nizam’s Institute of hospital will also have facilities for organ transplants,
Medical Sciences (NIMS) chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and a helipad
Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences has been for emergency airlifting of patients using helicopters,
established with the primary objectives of creating and would be fully equipped with specialized medical
a center of excellence for providing medical care, units, a Medical and a Dental College.
educational and research facilities of high quality,
[Link] Telangana Vaidya
and to start Post Graduate and Paramedical
Vidhana Parishad (TVVP)
Courses. There are 34 departments under the
institute including Super Specialties and Broad The Telangana Vaidya Vidhana Parishad (TVVP)
Specialties. The Government intends to increase the was set up in 2014-15 to manage the secondary
bed capacity from 1,489 to 3,489 and to expand the level hospitals (comprising select District Hospitals,
Area Hospitals, Community Health Centres, Maternal

Health 117
and Child Health Hospitals, Urban Community in District/Area Hospitals under TVVP. Further,
Health Centres, and Civil Dispensaries) in the State. 33 blood banks and 17 Blood Storage Centres are
There are 179 TVVP hospitals at present, with a currently functioning under TVVP. Since the State’s
bed strength of 10,470. These hospitals mostly formation, the Government has created 6,377 posts
provide maternity & child health services, besides in TVVP hospitals. Between 2014-15 and 2020-21,
general medicine, general surgery, ophthalmology, the number of beds in hospitals under TVVP has
pediatrics, orthopedics, dermatology, ENT, etc. Being gone up by 10,470.
the intermediary between PHCs and tertiary care
The performance of the hospitals covered by TVVP
hospitals (mostly Teaching Hospitals), the majority
in the last 2 years is given in Table 8.1. In 2020-21,
share of the patient burden in the State is handled by
the institutions had more than exceeded their targets
the Telangana Vaidya Vidhana Parishad Hospitals.
in most of the categories by significant quantities. In
Since the formation of the State, 13 Intensive Care 2021-22 too, the institutions are well on their way to
Units and 71 Dialysis Centres have been established achieving their targets.

Table 8.1: Performance of TVVP hospitals

Name of the 2020-21 2021 - 22
Development Percentage Percentage
Target Achievement Target Achievement
Indicator Achievement Achievement
Out Patients 1,30,40,950 77,46,963 59 1,31,41,750 1,01,02,632 77
In Patients 11,46,600 8,18,985 71 11,44,440 10,13,560 89
Major Surgeries 62,280 78,101 125 64,620 91,105 141
Sterilisations 60,520 35,964 59 62,720 49,932 80
Deliveries 97,920 1,39,346 142 1,05,120 1,52,197 145
X-Rays 2,59,200 2,17,131 84 2,46,600 3,07,430 125
U.S.G 1,00,290 1,72,136 172 99,570 2,54,615 256
E.C.G 75,810 1,04,033 137 71,500 1,35,729 190
Lab tests 44,34,120 52,00,299 117 44,86,320 70,70,392 158
BOR 80 40 50 80 72 90
Source: Department of Health, Medical and Family Welfare, Government of Telangana

[Link] Medical Institutions cath lab services, new CT and MRI scans, and other
infrastructure.
under the Directorate of Medical
Education, Telangana Cadaver donor transplants and live donor
transplants are the two types of organ transplants
17 Teaching Hospitals and 15 Speciality Hospitals
being done in the State. The Government is planning
are currently functioning under the Directorate of
a State-of-the-art transplant unit in Gandhi Hospital
Medical Education, Telangana. The 17 teaching
as transplant surgeries are expensive in the private
hospitals at their respective Government Medical
sector.
Colleges have a bed strength of 13,975 beds. These
teaching hospitals offer out-patient and in-patient Furthermore, the government intends to establish
treatments, laboratory investigations, forensic fertility centers in three teaching hospitals, namely
medicine (Autopsy) services, organ transplantation, Gandhi Hospital, Modern Government Maternity
Hospital, Petlaburz, and MGM Hospital, Warangal.

118 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

[Link] Emergency Health formation, 2065 MBBS seats, 693 postgraduate
seats and 76 super speciality seats have been added
Transportation Services
in the State. Most recently, classes have commenced
(Emergency (108), MCH (102), in 8 Colleges i.e. Sangareddy, Mahabubabad,
Fixed Day Health Services (104) Mancherial, Jagtial, Wanaparthy, Bhadradri
and Free Hearse Services Kothagudem, Nagarkurnool and Ramagundam.

The Government of Telangana provides the following

Table 8.2:
free transportation services for health-related needs
Number of Seats in Government
to different categories of beneficiaries:
Medical Colleges
• 108 Service: 24-hour free transportation, 365
days a year through 424 ambulances to aid Post- Super
MBBS
patients during emergencies. During 2022- Year Graduate Speciality
Seats
23 (Till December) emergency services were Seats Seats
provided to 4,19,599 beneficiaries. 2014 850 515 76
2022 (till
• 102 Service: Free transportation to pregnant 2,915 1,208 152
November)
women for ANC check-ups and delivery through
Source: Department of Health, Medical and Family
the 300 Amma Vodi vehicles. About 2,75,357
Welfare, Government of Telangana
lakh beneficiaries availed the service.

• 104 Service: Once-a-month fixed day service [Link] New Medical Colleges
at rural habitations located beyond 3 km from For the academic year 2023-24, the Government
a PHC or CHC according to a predetermined has approved 9 new Government Medical Colleges
calendar, to provide pregnancy monitoring, at Asifabad, Jayashankar Bhupalpally, Jangaon,
treatment for infants and children, and for Kamareddy, Karimnagar, Khammam, Rajanna
patients suffering from chronic ailments. This is Siricilla, Vikarabad and Nirmal with a cumulative
done through the 198 mobile vehicles equipped capacity of 900 MBBS seats and sanctioned 3,897
with medical and laboratory equipment to posts.
perform basic diagnostic tests, as well as a cold
chain unit to store vaccines and blood samples. [Link] Dental Colleges
During 2021-22 (Till November) Services were
In addition to the medical colleges, the Government
provided to 17,05,313 beneficiaries.
operates a Government Dental College and Hospital
• Free Hearse Service: The 33 vehicles operated in Hyderabad with an annual intake of 100 graduates
under this service transport dead bodies and 27 postgraduate students.
from hospitals to the choice of location of the
deceased family.
[Link] Nursing Colleges and
Schools
8.2.3 Status of Medical
To maintain the quality of medical services in the
Education
State, the Government runs 6 nursing colleges
Qualified and trained health professionals are with 380 graduate and 30 post-graduate seats.
imperative to ensure quality health care. Recognising Additionally, 6 nursing schools with an intake
this important linkage, the Government of Telangana capacity of 287 General Nursing and Midwifery
has turned its focus toward increasing State (GNM) students are operational in Telangana.
capacity to train more health professionals. Pursuing
To extend the quality of medical services, the
this objective, the State established 12 new medical
Government has sanctioned 14 new Government
colleges since the State formation. Since the State’s

Health 119
Nursing Colleges with an additional intake capacity
of 730 students, and recently inaugurated a new
8.3 Key Initiatives of the
Government Nursing College at Rajanna Siricilla. The
Government
government has also recruited 1,108 staff nurses 8.3.1 Basti Dawakhanas
in Teaching Hospitals through the Telangana State
Public Service Commission. ‘Basti Dawakhanas’ are an innovative initiative of
the Government of Telangana to bring healthcare
8.2.4 The Telangana State services close to the urban poor. 342 Basti
Medical Services & Infrastructure Dawakhanas have been established by the State
Development Corporation in urban areas so far, with one Basti Dawakhana
(TSMSIDC) serving 5,000 to 10,000 [Link] centers
provide 53 different kinds of free health services
The Telangana State Medical Services & Infrastructure including outpatient consultation, medicines,
Development Corporation is an enterprise of the basic lab diagnosis, antenatal/postnatal care, and
Government. The corporation is entrusted with the screening for non-communicable diseases. Specialist
responsibility of procurement and supply of drugs, consultation is also provided at Basti Dawakhanas
medicines, surgical consumables, clothing, tentage through Telemedicine. Basti Dawakhanas reduce
& stores, diagnostic reagents, medical equipment, travel and waiting time for patients, reduce out-of-
and furniture for all Government Hospitals in the pocket-expenditure for patients by serving as an
State. It also undertakes civil works such as the efficient platform for convergence with other NHM
construction of hospitals, medical colleges and other programmes, and reduce the burden on secondary
establishments functioning under the control of the and tertiary health care facilities.
Health Medical & Family Welfare Department.
8.3.2. Palle Dawakhanas
[Link] Drug Procurement
To ensure that people residing in rural areas have
Drugs Supply Chain Management is the core access to the same quality healthcare services as their
responsibility of the TSMSIDC and the corporation is urban counterparts, including round-the-clock access
consistently working towards improving efficiencies. to doctors, the Government has started the process
TSMSIDC is implementing Drugs and Vaccines of converting sub-centres to “Palle Dawakhanas”.
Distribution System (DVDS), a web-based supply The Palle Dawakhanas will deliver comprehensive
chain management application which deals with the primary healthcare services to the local population,
purchase, inventory management, and distribution will stock medicines for common ailments, and
of various drugs including vaccines, sutures, and have a fully-equipped laboratory to conduct basic
surgical items to various Regional/District drug diagnostic tests. Specialist consultations would be
warehouses (DWH) of States, District Hospitals available through telemedicine facilities.
(DH), Community Health Centre (CHC), Primary
Health Centre (PHC) and Sub centres. Telangana 8.3.3 Telangana Diagnostics
has ranked 3rd in the country with an average score Scheme
of 58.81 as of December 2022, closely following
Even though the costs associated with getting
Rajasthan (77.55) and Bihar (64.25).
diagnostic tests done for medical examinations are
[Link] Civil Works very high, most government hospitals do not have
facilities for inexpensive diagnostic testing. To bridge
The TSMSIDC is entrusted with civil works such
this gap, the Government of Telangana launched the
as construction of medical colleges, hospitals and
‘Telangana Diagnostic Scheme’ in 2018, as a hub-
allied buildings. During 2022-23 the TSMSIDC
and-spoke model, to provide low-cost pathological
recorded a turnover of Rs.989.06 (till 3rd quarter)
diagnostic services and imaging services to the

120 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

people, with an apex laboratory acting as the hub, under Public-Private Partnership, with the aim of
and the Urban Primary Health Centres (UPHCs), providing dialysis services in a decentralized manner
Community Health Centres (CHCs), Area Hospitals in all districts in the State. Every year, approximately
(AHs), etc. serving as the spokes. This model 6 lakh dialysis sessions are conducted across these
was developed in Hyderabad district, and was centers benefitting an average of 8,500 patients per
subsequently expanded to the entire State. Currently, year.
in 20 district-level diagnostic hubs the total test
parameters available are 57 with average sample 8.3.5 Aarogyasri Scheme (now
load of 5,000 at central lab and 1,000-2,000 at district Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan
hubs are operational in the State. The district hubs Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB
conduct 60+ types of tests with high-end diagnostic PM-JAY) - Aarogyasri)
equipment, including auto-analyzers, digital X-rays,
The Aarogyasri Health Care Trust in Telangana
ultrasound scan machines, mammograms etc.
is implementing the Arogyasri Scheme (AS), a
Imaging services are provided through 8 mini-hubs.
distinctive State Government-sponsored health
Going forward, 13 new district hubs are proposed to
insurance programme. The goal of this programme
be established in the coming months, and imaging
is to assist the Below Poverty Line (BPL) households
services are proposed to be established at 19 district
in the State by lowering catastrophic medical
hubs. Further, it is planned that in the future, RT-PCR
expenditure through equitable and cashless access
labs will be co-located with these diagnostic hubs in
to high-quality healthcare. The programme offers
all districts. Figure 8.1 provides details of the annual
financial protection for recipients up to Rs. 5 lakh per
number of beneficiaries of the scheme since 2018.
household each year and an extra Rs. 10 lakh for
Figure 8.1: Telangana expensive operations.
Diagnostics Scheme The Telangana government integrated this
beneficiaries and total tests over
Year wise number of patient tested and total tests conducted

programme with the Government of India’s

the years Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya
1,00,39,068 Yojana (AB PM-JAY) in May 2021. All existing
Aarogyasri beneficiaries and benefits were
brought under the converged scheme. Additionally,
Government hospitals in the State are providing
access to the 646 treatments that are covered
Patient Tested
under PMJAY. The Civil Supplies Department’s Food
Tests Conducted
28,15,111 Security Card database maintained by the Civil
25,95,958 Supplies Department will be based on eligibility
9,19,037 7,73,864
6,65,622
2,40,342 8,82,101
criteria for the converged “ABPMJAY-Aarogyasri’’
2,42,240 3,53,152
scheme from December 2022. 7 private hospitals
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Source: Department of Health, Medical and Family Welfare,

were empanelled to ABPMJAY- Aarogyasri in 2022.
Government of Telangana The number of beneficiaries under the scheme is
1,61,922 in 2022 and the total expenditure incurred
8.3.4 Telangana Dialysis Scheme from 2014-15 to 2022-23 (till December) is 4,925.90
Telangana is one of the few States in the country crore (see Figure 8.2).
to provide quality dialysis services free of cost to
its citizens through non-reusable equipment. 104
dialysis centers have been established at district
and sub-district hospitals in a hub and spoke model

Health 121
Figure 8.2: Expenditure and medical systems since its inception. Telangana has
implemented a number of programmes to upgrade
Beneficiaries for Aarogyasri
AYUSH dispensaries and hospitals, making it the
Scheme (2014-15 to 2022-23)
only State with pharmacies in all three AYUSH

3,74,047
2,80,692

2,61,688
2,51,538

2,47,471
2,11,740
systems (Ayurveda, Unani, and Homoeopathy).
1,74,568

AYUSH Wellness Centers are currently operating

1,61,922
1,56,815

in the districts of Warangal and Hyderabad, and

78,335
68,130
60,917

59,630

55,758
52,415
44,439
38,773

AYUSH wings are being expanded in other district

34,193
hospitals.
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
(16.12.2022)

Number of beneficiaries Expenditure (in Lakhs) The Government has taken up proposals for
Source: Department of Health, Medical and Family Welfare, upgrading 421 AYUSH dispensaries into Health and
Government of Telangana
Wellness Centers in order to give its AYUSH projects
8.3.6 Rs. 5/- Meal Programme more momentum. The Kayakalpa programme for
cleanliness, hygiene, and infection control is one
The Government has launched a Rs 5/- per meal
of the State’s major AYUSH programmes, and it is
programme for attendants of patients, jointly with
promoted throughout all faculties. Additionally, the
Hare Rama Hare Krishna Mission, which will provide
three-time meals every day to the attendants of Ayurveda and Yoga Mother and Child Programme

patients for Rs 5 per meal in 18 major hospitals are being used to promote regular births in an effort
in Hyderabad / Greater Hyderabad Municipal to reduce morbidity and death in relation to mother
Corporation (GHMC). and child health. Additionally, the government is
establishing mobile medical facilities in the districts of
8.3.7 AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga & Mahabubnagar and Karimnagar. Under E-Aushadhi,
Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and (3) pharmacies are functioning in Ayurveda, Unani
Homeopathy) medicine, and Homeopathy.

The Telangana Government along with the National

AYUSH Mission (NAM) has supported AYUSH

Table 8.3. Institutions functioning under AYUSH

Sl. Item Ayurveda Unani Homeopathy Naturopathy Total
No. & Yoga
1 Hospitals 4 3 3 1 11
2 Colleges 2 1 1 1 5
3 Common Beds 313 190 110 184 797
4 Intake (UG) in Colleges 126 94 125 60 405
5 Intake (PG) in Colleges 48 45 38 0 131
6 Research Department 1 1 1 2 5
7 Pharmacies 1 1 1 0 3
8 Herbarium 1 1 0 0 2
9 AYUSH Health & Wellness Centres 211 119 91 0 421
10 NRHM Dispensaries 199 62 105 28 394
Source: Department of AYUSH - 2022-23

122 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

8.3.8 Employee And Journalist 2014-15 to 2022-23 for 3.57 lakh beneficiaries for
various treatments undergone by Journalists and
Health Scheme
their families. Further, financial assistance of Rs.6.88
The “Employees and Journalist Health Scheme” lakh is given to those journalists who died due to
has been put into place by the government to COVID-19.
give cashless treatment to all State Government
The Government has also introduced and
employees, pensioners, journalists, and their
implemented the Social Security Scheme for working
dependents. The Government has issued 15,959
journalists in the State with coverage of Rs 5.00 lakh
Health Cards to Journalists and 47,723 Health Cards
Accidental Insurance. 20,000 journalists are covered
are issued to their dependents and an amount of Rs.
under this scheme for the year 2022-23.
1,447.66 crore expenditure has been incurred from

Box 8.1
Kanti Velugu: World’s largest community program
Telangana is known for its unique kind of Having understood these issues, the government
welfare schemes in the nation. The State is is aiming under this programme to deliver
setting standards in the development process. comprehensive, hassle-free services directly to
The schemes implemented by Telangana have the public, including free eye screening and vision
proved to be good examples of a welfare State checks for all State residents, free eyewear, and
that aspires to progress toward sustainable and medications for common eye conditions, to raise
inclusive development. Each scheme is not just a public awareness about the need to prevent
random innovative idea, but one formulated with serious, disabling eye diseases. The programme
deep understanding on the ground and with the lasted six and a half months and ended on January
objective of building a progressive Telangana. One 31, 2019.
of the many flagship schemes implemented by the
Achievements of the First Phase of Kanti Velugu
government is “Kanti Velugu.”
1. More than 1.54 crore people were tested, of
Kanti Velugu is the biggest eye screening
whom 55% are female and 45% are male.
programme launched in 2018 to address a
large percentage of avoidable vision impairment 2. Of the persons tested, 16.6% were SCs, and
among the population of the State, with an aim 11.02% were STs.
to build “Avoidable Blindness-free Telangana.” A
major public health problem in India is avoidable 3. 25 lakh people received reading glasses, and
blindness. The results of the National Blindness and another 20 lakh received prescription glasses.
Visual Impairment Survey India 2015–19 suggest
The programme served its purpose by reaching
that cataracts are the leading cause of blindness
out to the State’s most vulnerable citizens and
and visual impairment among the population
helping them overcome preventable blindness.
aged 50 or over, accounting for blindness in 2 out
Considering the success of the first phase in 2018,
of 3 persons and vision impairment in 7 out of 10
the government relaunched the programme on
persons. Simple spectacles or cataract surgery
January 18, 2023, in the Khammam district. This
can cure most avoidable vision problems. People,
time, it is proposed to complete the programme
especially the elderly and women, tend to ignore
in 100 working days by deploying 1500 teams in
or postpone eye problems until it is too late, which
Gram Panchayats and urban local bodies ward-
is also an issue. Moreover, accessing medical and
wise.
optometric care is challenging for those living in
rural and tribal areas.

Health 123
8.4 Non-communicable and 90 TrueNat sites and 30 CBNAAT facilities for fast
TB detection.
Communicable Diseases
[Link] National Vector Borne
8.4.1 Status of diseases
Disease Control Programme
Telangana Health Dossier 2021, National Health
National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme
Systems Resource Centre(NHSRC) indicates that the
(NVBDCP) is being implemented in all 33 districts
proportion of communicable, maternal, neonatal, and
with the objective of monitoring vector-borne
nutritional diseases [CMNND] contribute to 24.87%
diseases such as Malaria, Dengue, Chikungunya,
of the total disease burden. Neonatal preterm birth,
SES/JE and Micro-filaria. Malaria cases reduced from
diarrheal diseases, and dietary iron deficiency are the
5,222 in 2014 to 532 in 2022. Telangana has received
leading causes of death due to CMNND in the State.
the best performance award in malaria elimination
Non Communicable Diseases(NCDs) contribute to
and progressed from Category II to Category I from
62.68% of Disability-adjusted life years ( DALYs);
2015 to 2021.
whereas, injuries contribute to 12.45% of DALYs in
the State. About 61.6% of the total disease burden is [Link] HIV/AIDS and Telangana
from premature deaths and 38.4% is from disability
State AIDS Control Society
or morbidity. Among the non-communicable
(TSACS)
diseases, cardiovascular disease, neonatal disorders,
diarrhea, and lower respiratory infections account In order to provide treatment services to the 1.55
for a majority of fatalities. Among communicable lakh persons affected with AIDS in the State,
diseases, AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), mosquito-borne and to prevent further spread of the disease, the
diseases (malaria, dengue and chikungunya). The Government, through the Telangana State AIDS
Government is committed to reducing the disease Control Society (TSACS), has established 1,172
burden in the State. Integrated Counseling and Testing Centres, and
99 treatment centers in the State, which provide
The Government has been implementing both Central
Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), other related
schemes and flagship State schemes to reduce the
treatments, and counseling services. Further, 50
burden of communicable and non-communicable
Suraksha Clinics have been established to provide
diseases in the State.
information and create awareness about Sexually
8.4.2 Key programmes to reduce Transmitted Infections (STI)/ Reproductive Tract
Infections (RTI) in order to support prevention efforts.
Communicable Diseases
[Link]. National [Link] National Leprosy
Tuberculosis(TB) Elimination Elimination Programme
Programme The Government is implementing Active Case
Detection and Regular Surveillance (ACD&RS) and
With the goal of making Telangana TB-free by 2025,
Leprosy Post Exposure Prophylaxis(LPEP) to detect
the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme
cases and conducting various IEC and IPC activities
(NTEP) is being undertaken in all 33 districts. The
to create awareness among the public living in both
programme offers high-quality services for diagnosis
rural and urban areas through various modes for the
and treatment. For the course of their treatment, DBT
early case detection of leprosy and provide complete
(Direct Benefit Transfer) gives notified TB and MDR-
treatment in order to prevent the occurrence of Grade
TB patients Rs 500 each month as part of the Nikshay
II Disability (G2D) in affected persons.
Poshana Yojana. 550 DMCs (Designated Microscopy
Centers) are currently available throughout the State
to diagnose tuberculosis. Additionally, the State has

124 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

8.4.3 Key programmes to reduce The National Mental Health Survey of India found
that 1 in every 20 people suffer from depression and
Non Communicable Diseases
the productive age groups are affected the most.
[Link] National Programme A large number of adults (53%) coming to general
for Prevention and Control of OPD are diagnosed as mentally ill. However, these

Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular patients are usually missed as inadequate details are
recorded. The point prevalence of mental disorders
Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS)
above18 years is 10.6% and lifetime prevalence is
NPCDCS works towards early diagnosis and 13.7% as per the survey.
treatment of hypertension, diabetes, and oral,
At present, 26 districts in the State are implementing
cervical, and breast cancers. Data from the NFHS-
the program. 25,547 patients are diagnosed for
5 survey (2019-20) shows that the prevalence of
mental health disorders and are put on treatment
diabetes and hypertension has been increasing in
(April- November 2022). The Telemedicine service
the State. To ensure early diagnosis of diseases, the
has been initiated in 19 districts.
Government of Telangana has been running a State-
wide screening programme for the adult population [Link].1 School Mental Health
in 33 district NCD clinics and 101 CHC NCD clinics.
Program
A total of 2.5 crore were screened in the State from
To help students overcome exam related stress,
2017 to 2022. 1.4 crore individuals were screened
the local PHC Medical Officers conduct school
for hypertension and diabetes. 17 lakh hypertensives
based awareness and counseling camps. In these
and 8 lakh diabetics are diagnosed and put on
camps, teams from District Hospital (Psychiatrist/
treatment.
Psychologist) participate as resource persons and

[Link] National Tobacco Control provide treatment, one-to-one counseling.

Programme [Link] National Programme for

The National Tobacco Control Programme (NTCP) Palliative Care
is being implemented in all 33 districts with the
Patients with end stage diseases like cancer, organ
objective of monitoring of tobacco control laws
failure, paralysis, cardio-vascular diseases, etc. need
and setting-up and strengthening of cessation
proper end-of-life care. In view of this, the State
facilities including provisioning of pharmacological
has rolled out a comprehensive palliative health
treatment facilities at the district level. District Level
care programme under the National Programme for
Coordination Committees (DLCC) have been formed
Palliative Care (NPPC). The programme has a three
in each district for its implementation. Enforcement
pronged strategy, viz., (i) in-patient care, (ii) home-
Squads have been identified at the district level
based care, and (iii) out-patient care. 33 palliative
to conduct raids in coordination with the Police
health care centers have been established for in-
department. Since 2014 till date, a total of 90,000
patient care, palliative home care is planned to be
challans have been issued.
taken up in 110 Sub Centres-Health and Wellness

[Link] National Mental Health Centres (SC-HWCs), and 32 mobile home care
service units are being established for out-patient
Program
care.
Government launched the National Mental Health
Program (NMHP) in 24 districts in 2017, keeping
[Link].1 Geriatric Care
in view the heavy burden of mental illness in the With increasing life expectancy, the population of
community and inadequacy of mental health services elderly in the State has been growing. Withdrawn
and infrastructure in the State. from the decision-making role in their families, the

Health 125
elderly feel left out and alone. They often also suffer and vitamins C and D. In house to house survey each
from depression due to loneliness. A two-pronged team consists of an ASHA, an ANM, and a supervisor.
strategy has been adopted by the State to treat the
elderly and address their problems – weekly special From 21st January 2022 to 24-12-2022 (2nd phase
elderly clinics are organized every Tuesday at the of the fever survey), 27,212 teams visited house-to-
sub-centre and the PHC levels, and counseling is house, 10,20,695 symptomatic cases were identified
provided to the elderly on lifestyle modifications. and 9,75,793 medical kits were distributed.

[Link] National Programme for 8.5.2 Covid vaccination

Control of Blindness & Visual The Government adopted a mission mode approach
Impairment towards achieving maximum vaccination coverage
in the State. Based on the data available from the
National Programme For Control of Blindness & Department of Health, Medical and Family Welfare,
Visual Impairment (NPCB&VI) is being implemented the key achievements of the State in the area of
to provide high quality of eye care to the affected COVID vaccination are mentioned below:
population, free school children screening and
distribution of free spectacles and reduce the backlog • Telangana became the first larger State in the
of blindness and develop institutional capacity for country to achieve 100% coverage of first dose
Eye care services. 69,109 school children screening vaccination against COVID-19 in December
was conducted and 1,67,445 cataract operations 2021 for the age group of 18+ years.
were done from April to November 2022.
• Telangana has the highest coverage of the
8.5 COVID-19 precautionary(booster) dose vaccination in the
18+ age group among larger States.
The State Government has effectively tackled three
waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Telangana was • Sangareddy district has achieved 100%,
the first State to conduct a fever survey during followed by Jaya shanker Bhupalapally(98%)
the pandemic and was emulated by many other of the precautionary dose of COVID-19 vaccine
States. The fever survey has been instrumental in among the age group of 18+ years.
controlling the pandemic both during the 2nd and the
3rd wave. The Government has also conducted COVID • All districts have achieved 100% second dose
outpatient services in all government health facilities. vaccination for 18+ years except Hyderabad and
Kumaram bheem Asifabad.
8.5.1 COVID-19 related
initiative- Fever Surveys • The districts of Sangareddy, Hanumakonda,
Nalgonda, Mahabubnagar, Khammam,
The Government had implemented a fever survey to Narayanpet, Suryapet, Bhadradri Kothagudem,
detect symptomatic COVID-19 cases. The primary Adilabad, Wanaparthy, Jangaon and
goal of this fever survey is to identify symptomatic Nagarkurnool have achieved 100% of the
cases at the community level by house- to-house second dose of COVID-19 vaccine among the
survey and in the OPD at health facility level in order age group of 15-18 years.
to reduce virus spread and ensure that people receive
treatment by distributing COVID medication Kits.
COVID kits contain medications such as azithromycin,
paracetamol, levocetirizine, ranitidine, a multivitamin,

126 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Figure 8.3: District Wise Figure 8.5: District Wise second
precautionary dose of dose of vaccination coverage for
vaccination coverage for 18+ 15-18 category
years category

Source: Department of Health, Medical and Family Welfare,

Government of Telangana
Source: Department of Health, Medical and Family Welfare,
Government of Telangana

8.6 Way Forward

Figure 8.4 : District Wise second
“Ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being
dose of vaccination coverage for
for all at all ages” is one of the crucial Sustainable
18+ years category Development Goals which is of intrinsic importance. It
can allow society to contribute more significantly and
effectively to economic development. Telangana’s
strength lies in its strong public healthcare system.
Investments in the State’s health infrastructure have
increased significantly during the past two years,
both in terms of size and quality. The Government
will continue to work toward delivering high-quality
healthcare to all individuals with a specific focus on
availability, accessibility, and affordability

Source: Department of Health, Medical and Family Welfare,

Government of Telangana

Health 127
 CHAPTER

9
MATERNAL
& CHILD CARE

128 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

 Key Highlights
l Over the last decade, the Maternal adolescent girls to improve their
Mortality Ratio (MMR) in Telangana health and nutrition status.
has decreased by 61%, from 110 in
2010-12 to 43 in 2018-20. l Telangana has been adjudged
as the best-performing State in
l Telangana has the third lowest Midwifery by the Ministry of Health
MMR among the 18 Non-Special and Family Welfare in 2022.
Category States of the country.
l Telangana ranked second among
l Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in the best-performing States in
Telangana has fallen by 40%, from High-Risk Pregnancy Identification
35 in 2014 to 21 in 2020 awards in the National Maternal
Health workshop, organised by
l Institutional births improved from the Maternal Health division of
91.5% to 97% between NFHS 4 and the Ministry of Health and Family
NFHS 5, and births in Government Welfare in 2022.
hospitals improved from 30.5% in
2015-16 to 61% in 2022. l The State ranked third in the country
both in terms of overall performance
l The KCR Kit and Amma Odi as well as incremental performance
programmes have helped increase according to NITI Ayog’s report
institutional deliveries and reduce ‘Healthy States-Progressive India-
the maternal mortality ratio in the Health Index 2019-20.
State.
l NITI Aayog, in its report, “Take
l The Government launched the Home Ration: Good Practices
flagship programme “KCR Nutrition across States and UTs,” in 2022
Kits” on December 21, 2022, in highlighted the Arogya Lakshmi
high anaemia prevalent districts Scheme’s nutritional enrichment,
to reduce anaemia in pregnant transparent and quality-assured
women. procurement and supply chain
of commodities, comprehensive
l The Government has supplied
monitoring, etc. as best practices.
health and nutrition kits to

Maternal & Child Care 129

9.1. Introduction women benefited from the Amma Vodi scheme and
around 1.9 lakh pregnant women benefited from KCR
Along with commendable economic growth, Kits, two flagship schemes targeting maternal health
Telangana is also a front-runner in the health sector. and wellbeing by offering institutional support.
NITI Ayog in its report ‘Healthy States-Progressive
Apart from these, there are other programmes
India-Health Index 2019-20’, ranked Telangana third
targeting various aspects of health and nutrition
in the country both in terms of overall performance as
among the different beneficiary groups and are
well as incremental performance. Most of the critical
discussed in this chapter. This chapter also reviews
health indicators of Telangana are among the best in
the outcomes of various health and nutrition
the country. At 43 maternal deaths per one lakh live
indicators and corresponds the achievements to
births, the State’s Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) is
initiatives and programmes implemented by the
the third lowest in the country and has shown the
State Government.
sharpest decline in maternal mortality in the country.
The State’s Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) of 21 infant 9.2. Maternal Health and
deaths per 1000 live births is also one of the lowest
Nutrition
in the country. The State has already achieved one
of the crucial targets of Sustainable Development Maternal health refers to the health of women during
Goals - Goal#3 i.e., ‘Good Health and Well-being’, pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period.
which aims at reducing the global Maternal Mortality At each stage, adequate care needs to be given
Ratio (MMR) to less than 70 per 1,00,000 live births to ensure women and their babies reach their full
by 2030. potential for health and well-being. Recognising
the importance of maternal health and nutrition, the
Major health problems related to mothers include
Government of Telangana strives towards providing
young age at marriage, early age at first childbirth,
comprehensive, promotive, preventive, curative and
inadequate spacing between births, nutrition-related
rehabilitative services for mothers and children all led
problems, and high-risk pregnancies. Similarly, health
to improved maternal outcomes. The interventions
and nutritional deficiencies during early childhood
cater to the needs of adolescent girls, pregnant
can have adverse impacts on a child’s health.
women and lactating mothers through the supply
Children need the right food at the right time to grow
and distribution of food and micronutrients, early
and develop to their full potential. The most critical
childhood development, and counselling services.
time for good nutrition is during the 1,000-day period
from pregnancy until a child’s first three years. The 9.2.1 Maternal Health Outcomes
Government is successfully addressing these issues
The State has witnessed considerable improvement
by implementing several interventions and schemes
across major determinants of maternal health such
and also by improving the health infrastructure in the
as access to antenatal, and postnatal services,
State.
nutritional services, immunisation and transportation
There are 35,700 Anganwadi Centers (AWCs) services, etc. Key outcomes that have improved as a
across all districts in the State under 149 ICDS result of improvement in these major determinants
projects. Presently, the Angnawadi services in the are discussed below.
State covers over 19.07 lakh beneficiaries. The
services cater to the needs of children from the time [Link]. Maternal Mortality Ratio
of birth to six years of age, adolescent girls and (MMR)
pregnant women and lactating mothers through
The Maternal Mortality Ratio measures the number
supply and distribution of food and micronutrients,
of maternal deaths that happen during childbirth
early childhood development and education and
or within 42 days of the same, for every 1,00,000
counselling services. Similarly on the health front,
live births in the population. Over the last decade,
during 2022-23 upto December 2022, over 2.75 lakh
the MMR has fallen by 61%, from 110 in 2010-12

130 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

to 43 in 2018-20 as per the Sample Registration
[Link]. Institutional Delivery
System1 (Fig 9.1.). Telangana has already achieved
the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target of Improving access to institutional care is vital in
reaching an MMR below 70 by 2030. Telangana has reducing infant and maternal mortality, and in
the third lowest MMR among the 18 Non-Special treating complications that may arise during delivery.
Category States of the country and it has the second As per National Family Health Survey-52 (NFHS-5),
lowest MMR among the States (highlighted in green about 97% of deliveries in the State were institutional
colour in Fig. 9.2) whose Per Capita Income(PCI) is deliveries, a six percentage point increase from
comparable to that of Telangana. NFHS 4. KCR Kit and Ammavodi programmes led to
an increase in institutional deliveries from 30.5% in
Figure 9.1. 2015-16 to 61% in 2022.

Maternal Mortality Ratio of [Link]. Anaemia Levels

India and Telangana (2010-12 to Anaemia in pregnancy can lead to haemorrhage,
neural tube defects, low birth weight, premature
2018-20)
births, stillbirths, and maternal deaths. As per NFHS-
178
167 5 over 57% of Indian women are anaemic. Telangana
130 stands at the national average where 57.6% of
122
113
110
97
women between 15-49 years were anaemic at
92
81 76 the time of survey for NFHS-5. Among pregnant
63
43 women, 53.2% women were anaemic in the State.
There are many causes of anaemia, out of which
iron deficiency accounts for about 50 percent cases
2010-12 2011-13 2014-16 2015-17 2016-18 2018-20
of anaemia in school children and among women of
India Telangana
reproductive age-group. Thus, the Government has
introduced measures and schemes to address the
Source: Sample Registration System
issue of anaemia among women that are caused by
Figure 9.2. iron deficiency by supplying Iron Folic Acid tablets

Maternal Mortality Ratio of and running various awareness campaigns under

Anaemia Mukt Bharat and POSHAN Abhiyan. Over
Telangana and Other Non-
63% of women in Telangana consumed IFA tablets
Special Category States- for more than 100 days during their pregnancy
(2018-19 to 2019-20) according to NFHS-5 (2019-20). This is a significant
Kerala 19 improvement from 2015-16 (NFHS-4) when only
Maharashtra 33
52.7% women consumed these tablets.
Telangana 43

9.2.2. Initiatives influencing

Andhra Pradesh 45
Tamil Nadu 54
Jharkhand 56
Maternal Health and Nutritional
Outcomes
Gujarat 57
Karnataka 69
West Bengal 103
As maternal health is a multi-faceted concern, various
Uttarakhand 103
Punjab 105 schemes and programs are being implemented in
Haryana 110
the State to improve maternal health and nutritional
Rajasthan 113
Bihar 118 outcomes. Telangana has been adjudged as the
Odisha 119
best-performing state in Midwifery and emerged
Chhattisgarh 137
Uttar Pradesh 167 second in the best-performing states in the High-
Madhya Pradesh 173
Risk Pregnancy Identification awards in the National
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Maternal Health Workshop.
Source: Sample Registration System
2 The National Family Health Survey (NFHS) provides data
1 Sample Registration Survey is a large-scale demographic
on the status and improvement of key maternal and child
survey conducted by the Government of India
health and nutrition indicators in the country.

Maternal & Child Care 131

[Link]. Amma Vodi Figure 9.3. Beneficiaries of KCR
Kits status (in Lakh)(2017-22)
Amma Vodi is an exclusive ambulance service
Number of pregnant Public Insitutional Number of kits
launched by the State Government in 2018. It provides Year
women deliveries distributed

free to-and-fro transport facilities to pregnant 2017-18 4.6 2.3 2.0

women for regular checkups, for delivery, and post 2018-19 5.8 2.8 2.4
delivery for immunisation and other healthcare needs
2019-20 6.4 2.9 2.2
of the newborn and lactating mothers. 300 vehicles
2020-21 6.2 2.8 2.1
are operating across 33 districts under the scheme
through the 102-Helpline. During 2022-23, about 2021-22 6.1 2.9 2.3

2.75 lakh beneficiaries have availed the service till 2022-23

5.2 2.4 1.9
(upto Dec 22)
22 December 2022. This initiative has reduced Out
of Pocket expenditure for families and made way for Source: Department of Health, Medical and Family Welfare,
Government of Telangana
safe deliveries and increased immunisation.
Since the launch of the scheme in 2017, the
[Link]. KCR Kit percentage of institutional deliveries in public
KCR Kit is one of the most successful flagship hospitals has increased. The State also witnessed
programme launched by the State Government a reduction in IMR and MMR post-launch of the
in 2017 to ensure maternal and child health by scheme.
promoting institutional deliveries. Under the scheme
the mother is provided with the financial assistance
[Link]. KCR Nutrition Kit
of ₹12,000 (₹13,000 for a girl child) to compensate The Government launched the flagship programme
for the loss of wages by the women during the “KCR Nutrition Kits” on December 21, 2022, in
pregnancy and postnatal period. This cash incentive high anaemia prevalent districts such as Adilabad,
is released in four instalments linked to key milestones Bhadradri Kothagudem, Jayashankar Bhupalpally,
between antenatal check-ups and vaccination.
Jogulamba Gadwal, Kamareddy, Kumuram Bheem
After delivery, the mother is provided with a kit
Asifabad, Mulugu, Nagar Kurnool, and Vikarabad,
consisting of 15 items (clothes, quality baby soaps,
aimed at reducing anaemia and improving
baby oil, baby powder, mosquito nets, toys, napkins,
haemoglobin levels in pregnant women. Nutrition
and diapers) necessary to keep newborn babies
kits will be given twice to every pregnant woman:
(neonates) warm and hygienic. KCR KIT software is
once on their 2nd ANC visit and the second time
developed for the better implementation of the KCR
during the 3rd ANC visit. Each kit contains one kg of
Kit Programmes, registration of the beneficiary and
nutritional mix powder, one kg of dates, three bottles
approval, and transfer of compensation amount
of iron syrup, 500 grams of ghee, and a cup.
through Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT). An anaemia
tracker is incorporated in the KCR kit – an IT-based [Link]. Anaemia Mukt Bharat
tool for e-governance to track the improvement of Hb
levels among pregnant women after each antenatal Government of India launched a programme to tackle
visit. About 1.9 lakh KCR kits were distributed to anaemia called Anaemia Mukt Bharat (AMB) which
beneficiaries in 2022(till December). targets to reduce anaemia in women, children and
adolescents through a lifecycle approach. In terms
of maternal health, the number of ante-natal visits
play an important role in anaemia detection and
treatment. As per the quarterly report in Anaemia
Mukt Bharat’s dashboard for Quarter I, 2022, 94.2%
of pregnant women received 180 Iron and Folic Acid
(IFA) tablets.

132 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

[Link]. Aarogya Lakshmi Figure 9.4.
Number of beneficiaries
The programme provides pregnant women and
(mothers and children) under
breastfeeding mothers with supplementary nutrition
Arogya Lakshmi Scheme (2016-
and support through spot feeding, administration of
17 to 2022-23)
micronutrients, growth monitoring and counselling
20,78,952
20,11,789
services. The programme is currently implemented in 19,07,912
18,23,340
19,07,692
17,13,813 17,01,445
all the ICDS projects, covering 35,700 AWCs in the
State. The funding for this scheme as per Government
of India norms is a 50:50 split between the Central
and State Government. However, in the interest of
women’s health and welfare, the Government of
Telangana has enhanced the rates by providing an
additional allocation of Rs. 14 per beneficiary per 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
day. In addition, the State Government has increased
Source: Women Development & Child Welfare Department,
the number of days the beneficiaries receive milk and
Government of Telangana
eggs from 25 to 30, dal, green leafy vegetables for 25
days and 200 ml milk and one egg for 30 days each Telangana Government was commended by NITI
month. Along with this, they are also administered Aayog for the provision of Supplementary Nutrition
Iron and Folic Acid tablets for 100 days during through Anganwadis in its report, “Take Home
pregnancy. In addition to the meal, the pregnant Ration: Good Practices across States/UTs”, in 2022. In
mothers are also administered IFA supplementation its report, NITI Aayog highlights the Arogya Lakshmi
every day. The IFA tablets are offered on-site, so that Scheme’s nutritional enrichment, transparent
the mothers do not forget to take them alongside quality-assured tech-enabled procurement and
their meals. supply chain of commodities, robust monitoring, etc.
as good practices.
In 2022-23 the scheme benefited over 19,07,692
pregnant, lactating women and children in the [Link] Home Visits and
age group of 7 months to 6 years (covered under Counseling (Intintiki Anganwadi)
Balamrutham and Supplementary Nutrition
Programme)(Fig. 9.4). Home visits for counselling beneficiaries are a part
of the ICDS services. The Intintiki Anganwadi Book
serves as a guide and an educational resource for
nutritional counselling on topics such as dietary
practices, household practices, health precautions
and actions, and hygiene and sanitation.

Box 9.1
Odisha Millet Mission: an initiative towards improved
nutrition
The Government of India (GoI) has prioritised promotion of millets could help attain Sustainable
Millets with a vision to make International Year of Development Goals (SDGs) such as “Zero Hunger”
Millets (IYM), 2023 a ‘People’s Movement’ alongside and “Good Health & Well being”.
positioning India as the ‘Global Hub for Millets. The

Maternal & Child Care 133

 Odisha, recognising the importance of millets in Sundergarh district stunting and underweight
launched Odisha Millet Mission(OMM) in 2017 in decreased by 4.3 and 9.1 respectively from NFHS
partnership with Cambridge University. OMM was 4 to NFHS 5. The percentage of stunting and
launched to improve nutrition at the household underweight reduction rates in these 2 districts
level through the revival of millets in farms and are higher than the State average stunting and
on the plates of tribal communities in Odisha. underweight 3.1 and 4.7 respectively. A similar
The Government of Odisha included millets in intervention also exists in Telangana, where the
Anganwadi Menu and PDS distribution system AWCs in tribal areas provide multigrain meals,
under the Odisha Millet Mission. sorghum meals, multigrain sweet meals, peanut-
sesame chikki, peanut-fried chikki, and sorghum
The core objective of the mission was to improve
bytes.
the nutritional status of preschool children. Ragi
laddu is being implemented as an additional OMM is expanded to 177 blocks in 30 districts of
nutritious supplement in the morning snacks Odisha in the current year. OMM has received
of pre-school children in the Odisha districts of recognition from National and International
Keonjhar and Sundargarh, affecting around 1.5 organisations, including the United Nations. In
lakh children and 6,077 Anganwadi centres. Along 2021, the Union Government’s think tank, NITI
with other interventions, the inclusion of millets in Aayog, stated that it will enable OMM’s learning in
the Anganwadi menu, has helped in reducing the other States.
stunting and underweight in children by 8.4%, and
7.2% respectively in Kendujhar district, whereas

9.3. Child Health and improvement in determinants of Child health such as

neonatal services, nutritional and immunisation, etc.
Nutrition As a result, child health outcomes in the areas of Infant
Nutrition is one of the important factors that Mortality Rate (IMR), Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR),
influence a child’s development. To ensure that every Under Five Mortality Rate (U5MR) and Immunisation
child is born healthy, and grows and thrives to realise coverage have all shown improvements.
their full potential, the Government of Telangana has
strategically focused on child-centric investments in
[Link]. Child Mortality Rates
health, nutrition, and early childhood education. Telangana has witnessed substantial reductions in
all indicators of child mortality The Under-5 Mortality
The State has witnessed considerable improvement
Rate (U5MR) - defined as the number of deaths of
across major determinants of child health and
children aged 5 or below per 1000 children - has
nutritional services such as immunisation and
improved from 27.7 in 2015-16 to 26.4 in 2019-20.
supplementary nutrition, etc. Key outcomes that
The Neonatal Mortality Rate for the State has also
have improved as a result of improvement in these
declined from 20 in 2015-16 to 16.8 in 2019–20
major determinants are discussed below.
(see Figure 9.5). Telangana’s Infant Mortality Rate
9.3.1 Child Health Outcomes (IMR) has declined significantly from 35 (2014) to
21 in 2020 as per Sample Registration System and
The Government is also making efforts towards remains below the national IMR of 28 (Fig. 9.6)
institutionalising convergence and digital governance
to improve outcomes as the State witnessed an

134 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Figure 9.5. Status of Child Mortality Rates
Indicator 2015-16 2019-20

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) 27.70 26.40

Neonatal Mortality Rate

20.00 16.80
(NMR)
Under 5 Mortality Rate
31.70 29.40
(U5MR)
Source: National Family Health Survey-Round 4 and 5

Figure 9.6. Infant Mortality Rate- India and Telangana

(2014 to 2020)
39
37
34 33 32
30
35 34 28
31
29
27
23
21

India Telangana

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Source: Sample Registration System

Telangana has witnessed a strong correlation Figure 9.7. Institutional Births

between Institutional Births and Neonatal Mortality vs Neonatal Mortality Rate in
Rate (Fig. 9.7). As the percentage of Institutional Telangana (2015-16 to 2019-20)
Births improved from 91.5% in 2015-16 to 97% in
97
2019-20, the Neonatal Mortality Rate saw a decline 91.5

from 20% in 2015-16 to 16.8% in 2019-20. Better

care at public hospitals and the provision of KCR kits Institutional births (%)
NNMR
are associated with declines in NMR. It remains way
below the national NMR of 24.9.

20 16.8

NFHS-4 NFHS-5
Source: National Family Health Survey-Round 4 and 5

Maternal & Child Care 135

[Link]. Immunisation 21.7% of children under five years of age in the State
were wasted, 33.1% were stunted and 31.8% were
The State has seen a large increase in immunisation underweight in 2019-20 (Fig 9.9) as per NFHS 5 in
rates (Fig 9.8.). In 2015-16, 79.1% of children under the State.
the age of 2 years were fully immunised, by 2019-
20, it has been increased to 87.4%. This has been Figure 9.9 Key Nutritional
enabled by counselling and campaigning by ASHA Outcomes of Children
and Anganwadi workers to encourage parents to get (Under 5 years):
their children vaccinated. About 4,94,385 children India vs Telangana
were fully immunised during 2022-23.
35.5%
Figure 9.8. Status of Stunting (< 5 years)
33.10%
Immunisation (%) - India and
Telangana
India 19.3%
77.9 Wasting (<5 years) India
Telangana
NFHS-4 21.70%
Telangana
79.1

32.1%
Underweight (<5 years)
31.80%
83.8
NFHS-5 Source: National Family Health Survey-Round 5
87.4
Figure 9.10 Underweight
Source: National Family Health Survey-Round 4 and 5 percentages across districts in
Telangana
From the above figure, it is clear that the State is
faring well in child immunisation as compared to the
national performance.

9.3.2. Child Nutritional Outcomes

Undernutrition affects physical and cognitive
development of children, their quality of schooling
and productivity as young adults. Telangana faces
a problem called the ‘triple burden’ of nutrition -
which is under nutrition, over nutrition (obesity) and
anaemia. Government interventions have focused
largely on addressing problems of under-nutrition.
Globally, there are four outcome indicators to
measure undernutrition: underweight(low weight-
for-age), stunting(low height-for-age), wasting(low
weight-for-height) and anaemia(low red blood cell
or hemoglobin levels).

The State has performed better than the national Source: National Family Health Survey-Round 5
average in Stunting and Underweight. Around

136 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Figure 9.11 Stunting Care (CEMONC) units, 29 special newborn care
units, 46 special newborn stabilisation units, and
percentages across districts in
562 newborn care corners in various Government
Telangana hospitals in the State to reduce infant mortality and
improve neonatal care. These units provide care at
birth, help in managing sick newborns, resuscitate
asphyxiated newborns, follow up on high risk
newborns and offer immunisation services.

[Link] Nutrition Rehabilitation

Centres (NRC’s)
Undernutrition is an invisible problem. It can
jeopardise a child’s survival, health, growth and
development. To prevent deaths among severely
malnourished children under five years of age (0-
5), the Government has established the NRC under
the National Rural Health Mission. They provide
nutritional and clinical management services to
children with Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM). There
are 12 NRCs functioning in the State, out of which
10 are 20-bedded and 2 are 10-bedded focussing
Source: National Family Health Survey-Round 5
primarily on the tribal areas of the State.
Inadequate dietary intake, exclusive breastfeeding,
and early breastfeeding start are the direct factors
[Link]. Kangaroo Mother Care
of child nutrition that can be addressed by ICDS Centres
interventions. As per NFHS 5, 9.2% of children aged
There are 22 Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) Centres
6-23 months receive an adequate diet, 68.2% are
in the State which offer simple, cost-effective and
exclusively breastfed, and 37.1% are breastfed
preventive care to mothers and newborns. This
within one hour of birth in the State.
care includes services such as breastfeeding and
Simultaneously, the Government is dedicated to continuous skin-to-skin contact between mother
tackling underlying determinants like access to safe and newborn, for low birth weight infants. The care
drinking water and sanitation; 100% of families improves the overall duration of breastfeeding, and
in the State have access to clean drinking water. reduces the risk of infections in newborns. It promotes
The Government is increasing awareness of best growth and development of the child, increases
practices, including water, sanitation and hygiene mother-child bonding, and reduces stress in both
(WASH) practices. mother and child. 28,889 newborns were provided
care in KMCs between 2015 and December 2022.
9.3.3. Initiatives influencing Child
Health Outcomes [Link]. Rashtriya Bal Swasthya
Karyakram (RBSK)
[Link] Child Healthcare Services
The National Rural Health Mission launched a new
There are 314 PHCs in the State that are notified initiative of Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram
as round the clock Mother and Child Health Care (RBSK), a child health screening and early
Centres to promote institutional deliveries to reduce intervention services programme to provide quality
child mortality. In addition to this, there are 66 of life to the children through early detection of
Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric and Neo-natal birth defects, diseases, deficiencies, developmental

Maternal & Child Care 137

delays, and disability, etc. RBSK services envisages
[Link] Balamrutham
covering 30 identified health conditions for early
detection, treatment and management through 300 For children under the age of three and over 7
mobile health teams placed in each block in the months, calorie-dense weaning food is provided by
State. 5,78,269 children were screened by RBSK the Government called Balamrutham, containing
teams in 2022 wheat, chana dal, milk powder, oil and sugar with
the fortification of iron, calcium, vitamins and other
9.3.4. Initiatives influencing Child recommended dietary allowance that children
Nutrition Outcomes require per day. The recommended quantity is 100

The Government has taken up several initiatives to gms which is to be given to children 3-5 times every

positively impact the Child Nutrition Outcomes which day. Balamrutham is distributed in packets of 2.5 Kg

are reflective in the reduction of the Child Nutrition per child per month. It is distributed on the first day

Outcome as measured by NFHS-5. of every month on Nutrition Health Day-1 along with
the Balamrutham packet, 16 eggs are provided to
[Link] Supplementary Nutrition children in the age group of 7 months to 3 years, and
Program(SNP) 30 eggs for children in the age group of 3 years to 6
years of age, per month.
The Supplementary Nutrition Program is an
important component of the ICDS to tackle The Government has also introduced Balamrutham
malnutrition. This program provides supplementary Plus in the State, which is an enhanced nutrition food
nutrition to children who visit the Anganwadi Centres fortified with additional carbohydrates, proteins and
between the ages of 3-6 years by providing them micronutrients for SAM (Severe Acute Malnutrition)
hot cooked meals and a snack. Over and above its and MAM (Moderate Acute Malnutrition) infants.
50% share in the programmatic budget allocation,
the Government for children between 7 months to 3 [Link] Supervised
years there is an additional allocation of Rs. 1.79 per Supplementary Feeding
child per day; for children between 3 years to 6 years Program.
there is an additional allocation of Rs. 1.96 per child
Supervised Supplementary Feeding Program is a
per day; and for malnourished children an additional
result-oriented community-based program for the
amount of Rs. 5.75 per child.
management of acute malnutrition. As per NFHS-

In Telangana the kilocalories (kCal) of the food 5, 21.7% of children are wasted in the State, out

provided, marginally exceeds the minimum of which 8.4% of children are severely wasted.

requirement of kCal to be provided to children under The Government, with technical and knowledge

the SNP program between the ages of 3-6 years as support from ICMR- National Institute of Nutrition

per Government of India’s National Food Security and UNICEF jointly, launched the SSFP program in

Bill, 2013 guidelines. For children who are severely December 2020. It has been piloted in two districts:

underweight or malnourished (SUW,SAM,MAM Komaram Bheem Asifabad and Jogulamba Gadwal

categories), the food supplied to children is and acts as a cost-effective alternative to facility-

supplemented by an additional serving, doubling the based care. As per the SSFP report, the overall cure

kCal intake at the centre level. Under this, one hot rates for both SAM & MAM cases were more than

cooked meal & snack food for 25 days and eggs for 75 percent in both districts and the programme

30 days is provided to children between 3-6 years. was extended to another 7 districts i.e. Mulugu,
Bhadradri Kothagudem, Jayashankar Bhupalapally,
Kamareddy, Adilabad, Nagarkurnool and Vikarabad
districts during the financial year 2021-22 and
expanded to all districts during the financial year
2022-23 .

138 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Other services under Supervised Supplementary • Providing growth-measurement devices: All
Feeding Program include the following: 35,700 AWCs were provided with a set of
anthropometric assessment, medical assessment, growth monitoring devices (infantometers,
appetite test, nutritional treatment, medicines stadiometers, infant weighing scales and mother
for SAM children, nutrition and health education, and child weighing scales). A growth monitoring
fortnightly SSFP visits AWC, providing Balamrutham drive was conducted in the month of September
Plus based on the weight of the child, and follow up 2022.
after discharge from SSFP till the end of six months.
• Training Videos – Training sessions were
9.4. POSHAN Abhiyaan organised in coordination with the Department of
AYUSH through TSAT Programs for Anganwadi
Launched in March, 2018 POSHAN Abhiyaan is
Teachers, Anganwadi Helpers and Supervisors
a flagship program of the Government of India to
on Antenatal and Post-natal care for Pregnant
improve nutritional outcomes for children, pregnant
women and Lactating mothers.
women and lactating mothers. It directs the attention
to address the issue of malnutrition, specially to 9.5. Scheme for Adolescent
reduce the level of stunting, under-nutrition, anaemia
Girls(SAG)
and low birth weight in a mission mode. The program
is implemented through inter-sectoral convergence Launched in 2010, Scheme for Adolescent Girls is a
for better service delivery, use of technology (ICT) special intervention for adolescent girls of the age
for real time growth monitoring and tracking of group 11-14 years to provide nutrition, and health
children and women respectively, intensified health services and enhance their social and economic
and nutrition services for the first 1000 days of the status. In March 2021, this scheme was included
program and mobilisation of people. under Mission POSHAN 2.0. Telangana focussed
on addressing the health and nutritional issues of
Major activities implemented in adolescent girls. In this regard, the State has supplied
2022 under POSHAN Abhiyaan health and nutrition kits to 5397 out of school
include: adolescent girls for every 100 days. The Health and
Nutrition kit consists of Wheat, Ghee, Dates, Protein
• World Breastfeeding Week celebrations:
biscuits, Iron with Zinc Syrup and Calcium with
Breastfeeding Week was celebrated during the
multivitamin tablets.
first week of August 2022 to build awareness on
the importance of breast milk and right feeding 9.6. Giriposhana – an
practices. This was broadcasted on the Society innovative approach
for Telangana State Network (SoFTNET/T-SAT)
towards improved nutrition
channel. Myth buster videos were produced
and disseminated to demystify myths around Giri poshana is an innovative approach to address
breastfeeding. The content was contextualised issues such as underweight, stunting and anaemia
for urban and rural/tribal audiences. among children and adolescent girls, and low
haemoglobin count in pregnant and lactating
• Poshan Pakhwada and Poshan Maah: Poshan
mothers among the tribal communities through
Pakhwada and Poshan Maah were celebrated in
nutritional intervention, is being implemented through
AWCs. These celebrations were used to create
the convergence of Tribal Welfare and Women
awareness on nutrition improvement, growth
Development and Child Welfare departments, with
monitoring, and plantation at Anganwadi
technological, operational and scientific support
centres
from ICRISAT.

Maternal & Child Care 139

The target beneficiaries are being provided with MSME units. The food products are provided in a
nutritional food products: (1) Three Ready-to-Cook combination of two products (breakfast and snack)
(RTC) food products - Multigrain meal, Jowar Meal, per day for 6 days a week at the Anganwadi Centers.
Multigrain sweet meal; (2) Three Ready-to-Eat (RTE)
A total of 29,473 beneficiaries were covered till
food products - Peanut- Sesame Chikki, Peanut-Fried
2022 resulting in a reduction in cases of anaemia
gram Chikki, and Jowar Bytes. The products have
and malnutrition in beneficiaries due to enhanced
been developed and validated by ICRISAT and are
bioavailability of micronutrients.
being produced in Tribal women run FSSAI licensed

Box: 9.2
Nutrition and Health interventions for Adolescent girls

The State Government has focused on nutrition Government schools and colleges.
and health interventions for adolescents along
Similarly, on the nutrition front, interventions were
with children, pregnant, and lactating women
made for adolescent girls through the supply
to meet the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
and distribution of food and micronutrients,
Development and its Global Strategy for
education, and counselling services. The
Women’s, Children’s, and Adolescent’s Health.
Government is supplying health and nutrition kits
Adolescence(10-19 years) is a time of rapid
to out-of-school adolescent girls which contain
growth and development; also leading to
food and micronutrients such as Iron with Zinc
changes in the body’s physiology and behaviour.
Syrup and Calcium with multivitamin tablets.
In Telangana, adolescents make up 19% of the
population. As per NFHS-V, the percentage of Along with the Tata Institute of Social Sciences
women aged 15-24 years who use a hygienic and UNICEF, the State Government is working on
method of protection during menstruation has holistic interventions focusing on the psychosocial
increased significantly from 76.6% to 92.1% and physical well-being of adolescent girls. The
from 2014-15 to 2019-20. To further improve the proposed intervention focuses on psychological
hygiene and healthcare of girl students across the and mental health services, awareness about
State, the Government is making arrangements nutrition and health, educating parents to prevent
for the free distribution of adolescent health kits early marriage and teenage pregnancy.

comprising sanitary health and hygiene kits in

140 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

9.7. Way Forward • The Government is also planning to improve
e-governance with the revamped m-Anganwadi
The Government is committed to improving the application to make it more outcome-based.
nutrition and health outcomes of women, children,
• The Government is also planning to adopt
and adolescent girls through policy reforms and
more effective and economical technologies to
initiatives and has identified additional areas of
improve the process of growth monitoring.
improvement for 2023. A few of these measures
include: • The Government intends to implement measures
that improve supervision at every stage of
• The Government plans to integrate registers in
service delivery.
the existing application, replacing the manual
registers currently in use. This initiative will help
collect accurate data and improve evidence-
based decision-making and data usage.

Maternal & Child Care 141

 CHAPTER

10
EDUCATION &
SKILL
DEVELOPMENT

142 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

 Key Highlights
l The total number of the schools in l The Government launched its
the State increased from 40,821 in flagship initiative “Mana Ooru-
2015 -16 to 41,369 in 2021-22. Mana Badi/Mana Basti-Mana
Badi” in January 2022 to upgrade
l The transition rates in Telangana the infrastructure facilities in
in 2021-22 for Primary to Upper 26,065 Government schools with
Primary (97.01%) and Elementary an approved budget of Rs.7,289.54
to Secondary (96.29%) are crore.
significantly higher than the
national average by 3.83 and 7.48 l The number of residential
percentage points. educational institutions catering
to students from the marginalised
l The State has announced English communities increased from 293 in
as a medium of instruction in all 2014 to 1002 in 2022-23, including
Government Schools from the upgradation of 86 existing (BC
academic year 2022-23. Welfare-4, SC Welfare-75, and ST
Welfare-7) residential schools to
l The Government has launched
Junior Colleges .
a new program “Tholi Mettu’’
to strengthen the Foundational l 7,21,526 students and 14,683
Literacy and Numeracy Skills faculty members have been covered
across all Primary Grades (Grades under various skill initiatives
1 to 5 ) in the State. through TASK between April 2021
to October 2022.

Education & Skill Development 143

10.1. Education for Holistic Table 10.1. Snapshot of
Development Educational Institutions and
Student Enrolment in Telangana
Education is not only a right, it is key to human
(2022-23)
development. It is a powerful driver of development
and one of the strongest instruments for reducing Type of Educational Number of Number of
poverty, and improving health, gender equality, Institution Institutions Enrolments
peace, ecological stability, and political stability. Anganwadi Centres 35,700 1
6,09,922
Attainment of 100% literacy among youth by 2030 (AWC)
is one of the key Sustainable Development Goals.
Schools - All 41,369 62,28,665
According to the National Family Health Survey
Management 2
(NFHS-5) 2019-21, the literacy rate of Telangana
Junior Colleges 2,963 9,48,321
is 73.4. The male and female literacy rates are 82%
and 64.80% respectively. Degree Colleges 1,073 3,84,021
Professional Colleges 1,327 2,23,4273
For children in the age group of 6-14 years, the Right
Source: Department of Women Development & Child Welfare,
of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Department of School Education, and Department of Higher
Act, 2009 represents the consequential legislation Education, Government of Telangana

envisaged under Article 21-A and ensures that

every child has the right to access a formal school
10.1.1. Pre- School and School
up to elementary level of satisfactory and equitable Education
quality.
[Link].Early Childhood Care
Since the inception of the Telangana State, the and Education
Government has been determined to improve and
Research indicates that 85% of a child’s total brain
provide equitable access to quality education.
development takes place before the age of 6 (The
As part of this commitment, the Government has
lancet, 2017), highlighting how crucial it is to nurture
focused on strengthening the Anganwadi Centers,
and stimulate the brain during these formative years.
Schools, and Colleges with an emphasis on fostering
As a strong start keeps children ahead of the learning
students’ physical, social, emotional, and cognitive
curve, pre-schools stimulate children’s educational
development.
journeys.
Along with the industry-education collaborations,
The Pre-School curriculum of Telangana State was
initiatives like Telangana Academy for Skill and
revised in the year 2018-19 in alignment with the
Knowledge (TASK), Telangana Skill and Knowledge
core parameters as envisaged under the National
Centers (TSKC), and Digital Employment Exchange
Curriculum Framework of Early Childhood Care
of Telangana (DEET) are enabling collaboration
and Education(NCF-ECCE). ECCE makes a positive
between the Government, academia, and industry
contribution to children’s long term development and
to improve skilling, research, and entrepreneurship
learning, by facilitating an enabling and stimulating
while also notably enhancing the State’s employment
environment at the foundational stages.
ecosystem. (See table 10.1) for the brief education
profile of the State. The Government runs 31,711 main and 3,989 mini
Anganwadi Centres (AWCs). 15,167 AWCs operate
in Government school premises in the State. In an
era of rapid change and the emergence of new

1. Includes 3,989 Mini AWCs

2. For the year 2021-22
3. Indicates the overall intake of all Professional Colleges

144 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

ideas and practices, these centres work to develop
Table 10.2. Classification
children’s cognitive and creative abilities from an
of number of Schools by
early age, along with making the children school
ready. Anganwadi Centres develop pre-reading, pre-
Management (2021-22)
writing and pre-arithmetic skills in the children with
Management Schools Enrolment
focus on introduction of language (English & Telugu)
in a play way method. Central Government 51 40,189

State 5,115 98,9316

[Link]. School Education
Government(including
School Education is of great significance as it aims Residential Welfare)
to impart minimum and essential general education
Local body 24,323 20,62,406
to all the children in the age groups of 6-14 years
and beyond, covering Elementary, Secondary and Aided 670 81,171
Higher Secondary Grades. It is also a key stage to Private 10,967 3,047,361
equip students with necessary competencies to
facilitate the critical connection with undergraduate Other Schools 243 8,222
studies and shape them as responsible citizens of (unrecognised/Madarsas/
the country. NCLP4 etc.)

Total 41,369 62,28,665

The Government has adopted the 10+2+3 pattern
of education. The first eight years (Grades 1 to 8) Source: Department of School Education, Government of Telangana

constitute the Elementary stage, the next years

(Grades 9 to 10) constitute the Secondary stage and
Figure 10.2. District-wise
the final stage of school education (Grades 11 to 12) availability of State Government
constitute the Higher Secondary stage. & Local Body Schools (2021-22)
As of 2021-22, there are 41,369 schools in the State Mulugu 353
432
out of which around 71% of the schools are run by Jogulamba Gadwal 461
489
the Government and local bodies, 26.5% schools Hanumakonda 492
500
are run by private management, 1.6% of the total Medchal-Malkajgiri 505
schools are aided, and 0.12% schools are run by the 508
Wanaparthy 518
Central Government (Fig. 10.2). Brief classification of 549
Warangal 645
schools by Grade and management (Table 10.2.). 651
Adilabad 678

Figure 10.1. Classification of

691
Yadadri Bhuvanagiri 712

Schools by Management
714
Kumuram Bheem Asifabad 720

(2021-22)
735
Jagtial 783
825
Mahabubnagar 835
State Government (includig 898
243 Medak
5115 Residential Welfare) 898
1%
12% 950
10,967 Siddipet 976
Local body
26%
1011
Vikarabad 1054
Aided 1065
Nizamabad 1156
670
1216
2%
Sangareddy 1262
Private
1309
Nalgonda 1483
24323
59% Other Schools -100 100 300 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500
(unrecognized /
Madarsas/NCLP etc.)

Source: Department of School Education, Government of Telangana

Source: Department of School Education, Government of Telangana

4. National Child Labour Project Scheme

Education & Skill Development 145

Figure 10.3. District-wise To improve the enrolment in Government schools, the
State has taken up several initiatives, which include
availability of Private Schools the improvement of infrastructure, making English as
(Aided & Unaided) (2021-22) a medium of instruction in all schools, introduction of
Mulugu 47
Jayashankar Bhupalpally 70
socio-emotional learning, introduction of soft-skills
Jangaon 94 etc. English as a language of instruction has been
Medak 113
Rajanna Sircilla 124 launched in Grades 1 to 8 from academic year 2022-
Kumuram Bheem Asifabad 128
Narayanapet 131 23, and would be subsequently scaled to one higher
Jogulamba Gadwal
Mahabubabad
132
135
Grade every year to cover all Grades up to Grade 10
Adilabad 157 by 2024-25.
Wanaparthy 159
Yadadri Bhuvanagiri 167
Kamareddy 169 Out of the total enrolment across all the levels of
Nagarkurnool 178
Peddapalli 183 school education, the enrolment of boys is higher
Vikarabad
Nirmal
202
209
than that of girls by 2,04,983. However, the share of
Siddipet 215 girl enrollment has marginally improved from 48.11%
Mancherial 228
Bhadradri Kothagudem 230 in 2020-21 to 48.4% in 2021-22.
Suryapet 263
Mahabubnagar 267
Jagtial 288 In the academic year 2021-22, out of the total
Karimnagar
Khammam
300
321
enrolled boys in Grade 1-10 across all types of
Warangal 324 schools, 49.5% were from Backward Classes (BC),
Hanumakonda 353
Sangareddy 419 22.7% from General Category, 16.6% from Scheduled
Nalgonda 451
Nizamabad 508
Castes and 11.2% from Scheduled Tribes.
Rangareddy 1421
Medchal-Malkajgiri
Hyderabad
1495
2156
For the same year, out of the total girls enrolled, girls
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 from Backward Classes (BC) constituted 49.4%, from
General Category constituted 22.4%, from Schedule
Source: Department of School Education, Government of Telangana
Caste constituted 17.5%, and from Schedule Tribe
[Link]. School Enrolment constituted 10.7% (Figure 10.5).

Around 62.29 lakh children were enrolled in all Figure 10.5. Community-wise
types of schools in the State during the academic Enrolment of Boys and Girls
year 2021-22. Out of these, 50.23% were enrolled for Grade 1-10 in all schools in
in private schools and 49.77% were enrolled in Telangana (2021-22)
Government schools5 . In the year 2021-22, the total
Enrolment of Boys in Grades 1-10 Enrolment of Girls in Grades 1-10
enrolment in all Government Schools has increased
from 43.47% in 2020-21 to 49.77% in 2021-22
7,31,080 6,73,477

(Figure 10.4). 23% 22%

15,93,810 14,87,917

Figure 10.4. Year-wise

49% 49%
5,32,524
5,26,872
17%
18%

Percentage Enrolment in 3,59,410

11% 3,23,575
11%

Government and Private Schools General SC ST BC

General SC ST BC
2014-15 47.88 52.12
Enrolment
Source: Department of Girls
of School in Grades
Education, 1
Government of Telangana
2015-16 46.95 53.05

2016-17 46.20 53.80

[Link]. Gross Enrolment Ratio
(GER)
2017-18 45.09 54.91

Government
2018-19 44.30 55.70
Private
2019-20 42.91 57.09
During the academic year 2021-22, the GER for
2020-21 43.47 56.53
Primary Schools is 112.1 for Boys and 113 for Girls.
2021-22 49.77 50.23
Similarly, for Upper Primary Schools, it is 107.5 for
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Source: Department of School Education, Government of Telangana

Boys and 105.5 for Girls. As per UDISE+ 2021-22
the GER for Primary Schools in Telangana (112.5) is
5. Includes Central Government, State Government, Local Body, Residential and other schools

146 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

significantly higher than the national average (103.4). For the same year, among the non-special category
States in the country, the State’s GER for Primary Schools stood second after West Bengal (115.3). Among
Southern States, Telangana has the highest GER for Primary Schools (Figure 10.6).

Figure 10.6. GER in Primary Schools across Non-Special Category

States (2021-22)
111.4 112.5 115.3
101.6 101.9 102.1 102.3 102.5 103.4 104 105.1 106.9 108.1
96.6 97.9 99
92.8 93.1
86.9
Goa

Jharkhand

Haryana
Gujarat

Rajasthan
Odisha

Maharashtra

Punjab

West Bengal
Tamil Nadu

Kerala

Bihar

Karnataka

Telangana
Chhattisgarh
Madhya Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh

ALL INDIA
Andhra Pradesh

Source: UDISE+ 2021-22

The GER for Upper-Primary schools in Telangana at 106.5 is higher than that of the national average at 94.7.
Among the Non-Special category States in the country, Telangana ranks second after Punjab (106.8), and is
best performing State among the Southern States (Figure 10.7)

Figure 10.7. GER in Upper-Primary Schools across Non-Special

Category States (2021-22)
102 105.5 106.5 106.8
96 97.6 98 98.3 99.3 100.4
91 91.1 91.3 92 94.6 94.7
86 88.4 88.9
Jharkhand

Madhya Pradesh

Tamil Nadu

Haryana
Gujarat

ALL INDIA

Andhra Pradesh

Kerala

Punjab
Telangana
Goa

Odisha

Maharashtra

Karnataka
Bihar

Chhattisgarh

Rajasthan

West Bengal
Uttar Pradesh

Source: UDISE+ 2021-22

[Link]. Infrastructure in 2022 to upgrade the infrastructure facilities across

12 components in 26,065 Government schools in 3
schools
phases, over a period of 3 years, with an approved
School infrastructure is an essential component of a budget of Rs.7,289.54 crore. In the initial phase for
student’s learning environment. There is compelling the year 2021- 22, a budget of Rs. 3,497.62 crore
evidence that good infrastructure promotes better has been allotted for 9,123 (35%) schools covering
learning, enhances student achievements, and 14,71,684 students.
lowers dropout rates, among other positive effects.
As per UDISE+ (2021-22), Telangana is performing
The Government launched its flagship initiative ‘Mana better than the all India average on indicators such
Ooru-Mana Badi/Mana Basti-Mana Badi’ in January as schools with functional electricity connection,

Education & Skill Development 147

libraries, and ramps for Children with Special Needs, For the same year, the transition rates for girls from
Library / Reading Corner or Book Bank and Medical Primary to Upper Primary (97.31%) and Elementary
check ups for the year 2021-22 (Figure 10.8.). to Secondary (96.63%) are significantly higher than
the average national transition rates of 93.37% and
Figure 10.8. Percentage 87.84% respectively. Whereas, the State’s transition
of Schools with Available rate for girls from Secondary to Higher Secondary
Infrastructure in India and stands at 74.12% as compared to the national
Telangana (2021-22) average of 79.29% (Figure 10.10.).

Figure 10.10. Transition Rate

86.6
Functional Electricity
90.0

96.5

among girls across levels in

Functional Toilet Facility
82.2

95.9

Telangana and India (2021-22)

Functional Drinking Water
86.4

93.6
Handwash
88.6

71.8
Ramps
74.8 97.31 96.63
93.37
54.6 87.84
Medical Checkup
68.0 79.29
33.9
74.12
Internet India
21.3
Telangana
39.7
Computer Availability
33.4
Library or Reading Corner 87.3
or Book Bank 91.9

0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0

Source: UDISE+ 2021-22

Primary to Upper Elementary To Secondary to Higher

[Link]. Transition Rate Secondary (10 to 11) Primary (5 to 6) Secondary (8 to 9) Secondary (10 to 11)

During 2021-22, the State’s transition6 rates across India Telangana

all transition levels were significantly higher than Source: UDISE +2021-22
the national average. The State’s transition rate
from Primary to Upper Primary is 3.83 percentage 10.1.2. Foundational Literacy
points higher than the national average, and the
and Numeracy (FLN)
transition rate from Elementary to Secondary is 7.48
percentage points higher than the national average. In 2022-23, the State has launched ‘Tholi Mettu/
The Secondary to Higher Secondary transition rate First Step’ a Foundational Literacy and Numeracy
of the State stands at 72.61%. (Figure 10.9.). (FLN) programme for Grades 1-5 in all the schools to
practise basic Language and Math skills in a mission
Figure 10.9. Transition Rates in
mode and achieve the minimum competency at
schools across Grade levels in par with the Grade level. The programme has been
Telangana and India (2021-22) envisaged with an aim to achieve universal FLN by
2024.
97.01 96.29
93.18
88.81
78.41 The successful acquisition of FLN helps children
72.61
learn more meaningfully as they progress to higher
Grades. FLN acquisition also equips them with
critical thinking and problem solving skills which
are imperative to achieve better life outcomes.
The programme adopts a contextual pedagogy
centred around teaching-learning materials (TLM)
Primary to Upper Elementary To Secondary to Higher and activity-based learning, with an emphasis on
Primary (5 to 6) Secondary (8 to 9) Secondary (10 to 11)
engaging children with empathy. The Government
India Telangana has also focused on strengthening the capacity
building for Primary Teachers on FLN at the State
Source: UDISE+ Data 2021-22 and District level.
6. Transition Rate is the proportion of students out of the total enrolled advancing from one Grade to the next [Link]
rate is an important indicator of the effectiveness of the education system, as high transition rates suggest that students
are able to progress through the education system successfully, while low transition rates suggest that students are facing
barriers to progress.

148 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

 10.1.3. Pupil-Teacher Ratio (PTR)
The State has 2,98,983 teachers in all the schools, out of which 1,33,788 are working in Government schools,
3,058 in Government aided, 1,61,662 in private unaided recognised and 475 in other schools (Table 10.3.).

Table 10.3. Number of Teachers by Gender across School

Management (2021-22)
Management Male Female Total
Central Government 497 615 1,112
State Government
14,441 23,560 38,001
(including Residential Welfare)
Local body 5,55,05 39,170 94,675
Aided 793 2,265 3,058
Private 40,381 1,21,281 1,61,662
Other Schools (unrecognised / Madarsas/
175 300 475
NCLP etc.)
Total 1,11,792 1,87,191 2,98,983
Source: Department of School Education, Government of Telangana

As per RTE 2009, the PTR7 for Grades 1 to 5 (Primary) should be 30:1 and for Grades 6 to 8 (Upper Primary)
should be 35:1. In Telangana, during 2021-22 the PTR for Primary was 20:1, for Upper Primary, it was 13:1 and
for Secondary, it was 9:1.

According to UDISE+ 2021-22 at Primary level, the State ranks third with a PTR of 20:1 among the Non-Special
category States (Figure.10.11.). For Upper Primary and Secondary levels, Telangana with a PTR of 13:1 and 9:1
respectively, is the best performer among the Non-Special category States. (Figure. 10.12. and Figure.10.13. ).

Figure 10.11. PTR in Primary Level in Telangana Vs.

Non-Special Category States (2021-22)
60 53
50
40 27 28 29 30
22 24 25 25 25 25 25 26 26 26
30 17 19 20 20
20
10
0
Madhya Pradesh
Chhattisgarh

Karnataka
Odisha

Andhra Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh
Tamilnadu

Rajasthan

India

Goa

Gujarat

Bihar
Maharashtra

Kerala
Telangana

Punjab
Haryana

Jharkhand
West Bengal

Source : UDISE+ 2021-22

7. Pupil Teacher Ratio reflects the workload of the teacher and how available they are to provide care and other services to
their students. PTR is critical for equitable learning access at the Grade level.

Education & Skill Development 149

 Figure 10.12 . PTR in Upper-Primary Level in Telangana v.s. Non-
Special Category States (2021-22)
30 23 24 25 25 26 28
25 21
17 17 18 19 19 19
20 13 13 14 15 15 15
15
10
5
0
Madhya…

Chhattisgarh
Odisha
Telangana

India

Bihar

West Bengal
Maharashtra
Tamilnadu

Goa

Karnataka

Jharkhand
Kerala

Uttar Pradesh
Gujarat
Punjab
Haryana
Andhra Pradesh
Rajasthan

Source: UDISE+ 2021-22

Figure 10.13. PTR in Secondary Level in Telangana v.s. Non - Special

Category States (2021-22)
60 54
50
40 34
22 26 29
30 20
16 17 17 18
20 9 9 10 10 10 12 12 14 14
10
0
Madhya Pradesh
Karnataka
Telangana

Goa

Tamilnadu

Uttar Pradesh

Bihar
India

Odisha
Punjab

Rajasthan

Haryana

Maharashtra

Jharkhand
Kerala

West Bengal

Gujarat
Chhattisgarh
Andhra Pradesh

Source: UDISE+2021-22

10.1.4. Initiatives for Students from the Marginalised Communities

The Government, keeping social justice at the centre of its approach in Education, has taken several initiatives
to make education equitable, inclusive and accessible for all the students belonging to the SCs, STs, BCs and
Minorities.

150 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

 Box 10.1 across the country, and 1,519 have secured
admissions in other premier institutions in the
Transforming Life country.
Outcomes for Students Holistic development of the students is at the core
from Marginalised functioning of these institutions. Since 2016-17,
Communities through students from these residential institutions have
Residential Institutions clinched around 1,200 Gold, 800 Silver and 700
Bronze medals at International, National and State
The Government runs 1,002 residential educational
level sports competitions setting an example for
institutions operated by 5 different autonomous
identifying and nurturing grassroots sports talent.
grant-in-aid Societies that cater to around
5,58,923 students from the marginalised SC, ST, The institutions have been successful in building
BC and Minority Communities. Most students are strong dignity and confidence among the children
first-generation school goers. These institutions and their parents, and is also indicative of a very
follow a unique ‘Plate to Slate approach’, catering high return on investment by the State.
to all fundamental needs of the students enabling
them to live in a healthy, happy, and community Figure 10.14. Society-wise
oriented school ecosystem. The first residential number of Institutions
institution was set up in the early 1970s and established between the period
was the first of its kind initiative in education for 2014-15 to 2022-23
students from socially and economically weaker
Residential Institutions under School 37
communities. In the past 8 years, the number of Education 37
institutions have grown exponentially from 293 to
134
Social Welfare Institutions
1,002 and the performance of these institutions 268

has been exemplary with pass percentage in Tribal Welfare Residential Institutions
91
163
SSC and Intermediate being 96.98% and 83.45%
12
respectively for the academic year 2021-22, and Minority Welfare Residential Institutions
204
93.05% for Degree Colleges during the academic
BC Welfare (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule 19
year 2020-21. Residential Educational Institutions) 310

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Along with this, through specialised institutional 2014-15 2022-23

support, since 2017-18, nearly 1500 students Source: Departments concerned

achieved seats into IITs, NITs and Medical colleges

[Link]. Types of Residential [Link].1. Telangana Residential

Educational Institutions Educational Institutions Society
(TREIS)
The residential educational institutions conduct
entrance tests for admission into Grade 5 and TREIS was established to provide quality education
Intermediate 1st year. The admissions to degree based on Gurukul method to socially and economically
colleges are done through Degree Online Services backward rural talented children. As of 2022-23,
Telangana (DOST), a unified online degree system. the Society is running 37 educational institutions
Each society reserves a large proportion of seats for catering to 23,504 students.
the respective communities as per Government of
Telangana rules.

Education & Skill Development 151

[Link].2. Telangana Social [Link].6. Kasturba Gandhi
Welfare Residential Educational Balika Vidyalayas (KGBV)
Institutions Society (TSWREIS) The Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas were
initiated in 2004 in those Educationally Backward
The TSWREI Society runs 268 residential educational
Blocks (EBB)/Mandals of the country where the
institutions (of which 173 are only for girls) with
female literacy level is below the national average
1,55,863 students. Out of this 238 institutions offer
and the gender gap in literacy is above national
education from Grade 5 to 12, and 30 institutions
average. Since 2014-15 the number of Kasturba
offer Undergraduate and Postgraduate education
Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas (KGBVs) have increased
exclusively for women. Society also runs special
from 391 to 475 offering education from Grade 6 to
institutions such as the School of Fine Arts &
12 to around 1,19,596 girl students.
Film Technology, Sainik Schools, Armed Forces
Preparatory Degree College for Women, and Sports [Link].7. Telangana Model
Academies (29).
Schools Secondary Education
[Link].3. Telangana Tribal Society
Welfare Residential Educational The Government of India had launched the scheme
Institutions Society (TTWREIS) of setting up of 6,000 Model Schools in Educationally
Backward Blocks (EBBs) in the country with an
The society currently runs 1838 residential institutions objective to provide free quality education in the
from Grade l to Postgraduate level. There are 29 country based on the Navodaya School template.
Mini Gurukulams exclusively for girls in Grades 1 These schools offer education from Grade 6 to 12
to 5. There are 109 residential Schools and Junior based on State curriculum.
Colleges offering education from Grades 5 to 12,
and 22 Degree Colleges offering Undergraduate and Model schools started functioning from 2013-14. At
Postgraduate programmes. The Society caters to present, 194 model schools have been set-up in 29
nearly 72,898 students. districts across the State.

[Link].4. Telangana Minority [Link]. Financial Assistance to

Residential Educational Students from the Marginalised
Institutions Society (TMREIS) Communities
Minority Residential institutions were set up to impart The Government has been providing financial aid
quality education to economically weak students to meritorious students from the SC, ST, BC, and
from the Minority communities. Currently, the society Minority communities to remove financial roadblocks
runs 204 schools in the State (107 for boys and 97 from their path of growth.
for Girls) offering education from Grades 5 to 12 to
[Link].1. Pre - Matric &
around 1,25,218 students.
Post-Matric Scholarships
[Link].5. Mahatma Jyotiba In order to reduce student dropout rate, the
Phule Telangana Backward Government has been providing pre-matric, post-
Classes Welfare Residential matric scholarships and fee reimbursement to
Educational Institutions Society students from marginalised communities. Between
2014-15 to 2022-23, the Government spent Rs.
(MJPTBCWREIS) 335.87 crore for SC, Rs. 275.56 crore for ST on
The society currently operates 294 Schools, 142 providing pre-matric scholarships, and Rs.3,647.51
Junior Colleges and 16 Degree Colleges with a crore for SC, Rs.1,815.78 crore for ST on providing
strength of 1,81,440 students. 33 new schools and post-matric scholarships. For BC students, a total of
15 new Degree Colleges, including 02 Agriculture 9,233.62 crore has been spent between 2014-15 to
Degree Colleges for women have been established 2022-23. Since 2014-15, the Government spent Rs.
in the year 2022-23 under the Society. 434 crore on post-matric scholarships and Rs. 1,575
crore on fee reimbursement for Minority students.

8. Includes 23 schools of Telangana State Eklavya Model Residential Schools society

152 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

[Link].2. Assistance for Figure 10.15. Percentage
Overseas Education (Mahatma distribution of persons of age
Jyotiba Phule Overseas Vidya 15 years and above by general
Nidhi for BCs, Dr. Ambedkar educational level
Overseas Vidya Nidhi Scheme 18.34

for SC and STs and Chief 14

12.1
13.5

Minister Overseas Scholarship

11.3
9

for Minorities)
The Government is providing scholarships for
overseas education of SC, ST, BC and Minority
Secondary education Higher Secondary Graduation
students whose annual family income is up to Rs.5 Education
Lakh.
All India Telangana

The scheme was launched for BC students in 2016,

Source: Periodic Labour Force Survey 2020-21
SC and ST students in 2014 and for Minority students
in 2015. Under this scheme over 2,976 BC students,
10.2.1 Intermediate Education
953 SC students, 249 ST students and 2,174 Minority
students have been benefited. The Government has Telangana State Board of Intermediate Education
incurred an expenditure of more than Rs. 863.49 regulates and supervises the system of Intermediate
crore since the inception of the scheme. education (10+2). In 2022-23, the total number of
Junior Colleges being run in the State are 2,963,
10.2. Higher Education
catering to 9,48,321 students.
Higher educational institutions are a key lever in
promoting the exchange of knowledge, research
[Link] Enrolment at the
and innovation for engaging students deeply with Intermediate Level
social, economic, and political problems faced by As per the RBI Handbook of Indian States 2021-22,
the Country, and equipping them with necessary the Gross enrolment for intermediate education in the
knowledge, mindset and skills to find solutions to
State is 63.1% for boys and 66.7% for girls (Figure
these problems. The State, through higher education,
10.16.). This is higher than the national average of
also aims to enable students to develop as a highly
knowledgeable skilled workforce for the industry and 57.0% for boys and 58.2% for girls by 6.1 and 8.5
innovative entrepreneurs. percentage points respectively.

As per UDISE+2021-22, the Pupil Teacher Ratio at

In the State, Higher education is subdivided into
Board of Intermediate Education, Department of the intermediate level in Telangana is 28:1.
Collegiate Education and Department of Technical Figure 10.16. Gross Enrolment
Education. For the year 2022-23, there were 1,073
Ratio (by gender) for Intermediate
Degree colleges with 3,84,021 student strength and
for the year 2022-23 there are over 2,963 Junior Education (2021-22)
Colleges catering to 9,48,321 students. 66.70
64.80
As per Periodic Labour Force Survey 2020-21, out of 63.10

the total productive age group (15 yrs and above),

18.4% have completed Secondary education, 13.5% 58.2 57.6
57.00
completed Higher Secondary, 11.3% have completed
Undergraduate studies. All of these figures are higher
than the corresponding national average values of
14%, 12.1%, and 9% respectively(See Figure. 10.15.). Boys Girls Total

Telangana India
Source: RBI Handbook of Indian States 2021-22

Education & Skill Development 153

As per RBI handbook of Indian States 2021-22, businesses to introduce technologies and more
among the Southern States Telangana ranks 3rd in efficient working methods. Skilling is a key lever that
overall GER (Figure 10.17). directly and indirectly supports economic growth
through increased productivity, innovation and
Figure 10.17. GER for competition.
Intermediate Education, The Government’s ICT policy (2021-26) with a 5
Telangana vs. Southern States year road map, targets to increase the total direct
employment to 10 lakh IT sector jobs by 2026 from
(2021-22) regions around tier-2 and tier-3 cities in the State.
85.0 81.5 The policy seeks to train 5,00,000+ students every
64.8 year, to fulfil at least 80% of the IT sector workforce
56.7 56.6 requirement by local talent.
10.4.1. Vocational Education
Vocational learning opportunities play a critical role
in skill development and employability. It allows
students to gain practical experience in their chosen
career path before they graduate. Students who
Kerala Tamil Nadu Telangana Andhra Karnataka
Pradesh finish these rigorous programs have the credentials
and training they need to get started right away in
Source: RBI Handbook of Indian States 2021-22
their chosen career path.
As per UDISE+ 2021-22, the Gender Parity Index9 Under Samagra Shiksha it is operated in Grades 9 to
(GPI) for the year 2021-22 is 1.06 which is higher 12. The program is being implemented through the
than the national GPI of 1.02. 17 Vocational Training Partners (VTP) empanelled
under National Skill Development Council (NSDC).
10.3. Collegiate Education
Since 2015-16, Vocational Education has been
The Commissionerate of Collegiate Education is
implemented in 287 Schools (Model Schools and
created to promote and regulate Undergraduate
Government Zilla Parishad Schools) in a phased
and Postgraduate courses, giving special attention
manner from Grade 9 to 12 across the State. Around
to people in the backward rural areas and women.
1,04,529 students have enrolled in 10 Vocational
They aim to introduce industry driven vocational
Education trades across all 287 schools. The 10
courses replacing the conventional courses in a
vocational trades that are at offer are Agriculture,
phased manner.
Apparel Made-Ups and Home Furnishing, Beauty
1,073 degree colleges were functioning in the and Wellness, Electronics and Hardware, Information
State, catering to around 3,84,021 as per 2022- Technology and IT Enabled Services, Media and
23 academic year data. Four new Government Entertainment, Retail, Tourism and Hospitality,
Degree Colleges (GDCs) have been established in HealthCare and Physical Education.
the State during the academic year 2022-23. NAAC
accreditation has been achieved by 88 Government
[Link]. Telangana Academy for
Degree Colleges including 11 Autonomous Colleges
Skill and Knowledge (TASK)
and 10 more Government Degree Colleges are in To nurture the local skill supply and to meet the
pipeline for NAAC Accreditation, as of Jan 2023. global skill standards, TASK was set up in 2014 to

10.4. Skill Development cater to students from diverse academic and socio-
cultural backgrounds.
India has been in a unique position with a strong
TASK partners with industry giants like IBM, CISCO,
demographic dividend, as around 62 per cent of
Microsoft, Smartbridge, NASSCOM and Future Skills.
the Indian population is in the working age group.
Through such partnerships, TASK trains students
At a macro level, a country’s economic performance
on emerging and cutting edge technologies. TASK
is heavily influenced by the skills its workforce
has commenced its regional centres at Hyderabad,
possesses. Highly skilled workers are typically
Warangal, Karimnagar, Khammam, Sircilla and
more productive, and they also make it simpler for
soon to be inaugurated in Nizamabad, Siddipet and

9. GPI measures access to higher education among genders and GPI score greater than 1 implies a disparity in favour of
females.

154 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Mahabubnagar. It has also bagged the prestigious
10.4.3. Industrial Training
SKOCH Platinum award 2016 for revamping skilling
initiatives for the youth in Telangana. Through the Department of Employment and
Around 7,21,526 students and 14,683 faculty have Training, the Government offers both long-term and
been skilled through TASK initiatives between April, short-term training to youth in the State to assist in
2021 to October, 2022. developing industry oriented skills.
10.4 .1.2. Telangana Skills and There are 299 Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs),
Knowledge Centre(TSKC) providing training across 36 different trades in the
The Department of Collegiate Education has State. Of these, 235 are run by private management
established Knowledge Centers with a view to and 64 are run by the Government. Since 2014, a
enhance the employment potential of young total of 2,07,974 students have been trained, out of
graduates by imparting Communication Skills, Soft which 62,316 have been placed successfully.
Skills and Computer Oriented Skills.
As part of Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium
10.4.2. Technical Education
Enterprises, Government of India funded Livelihood
Technical Education has been instrumental in the
Business Incubator Scheme, 6 Govt I.T.I’s at Sircilla,
State’s economic growth. The Government not only
Wanaparthy, Khammam, Nizamabad, Medchal and
aims to make technical education accessible and
affordable to the masses, but also aims to ensure Karimnagar have been identified for establishing
relevant employment opportunities. As of 2022-23, incubation centres to promote entrepreneurship.
the State has a total of 1,327 technical education Additionally to improve the quality of training and
institutions across all management types catering
placements, 55 ITIs have entered into an MOU with
to around 2,23,427 students. (See table 10.4) for a
55 industries.
brief of various types of professional colleges and the
student enrollment. 10.5. Way Forward
Table 10.4. Number of Professional The COVID-19 crisis brought education systems
Colleges and their Intake (2022-23) across the world to a halt for the first time in the
immediate history. “This generation of students now
Type of College No. of Colleges Intake risks losing $17 trillion in lifetime earnings in present
Poly-Technic 10 120 30,032 value, or about 14 percent of today’s global GDP,
Engineering 178 99,979
as a result of COVID-19 pandemic-related school
Government Medical
26 3,690 closures”, according to a new report published by
Colleges 11
[Link] 121 10,420 the World Bank, UNESCO and UNICEF, 2021.
Pharm – D 65 1,870
With Schools open again after the national lockdown,
ICET MBA 265 32,724
ICET MCA 52 4,290 the State has started on a strong foot with initiatives
[Link] 85 6,316 such as ‘Mana Ooru-Mana Badi/Mana Basti-Mana
[Link] 107 4,396 Badi’ to strengthen infrastructure in the schools and
LAWCET-5 Y 18 1,980 ‘Tholi Mettu’ to strengthen Foundational Literacy
LAWCET–3 Y 23 4,610
and Numeracy in Primary grades. The Government
LL.M 20 930
EdCET 210 18,950 intends to build further on these initiatives aiming
[Link] 17 1,760 at strengthening the fundamentals of the education
[Link] 4 350 system in the State keeping long term impact on
[Link] 10 930 students’ life outcomes into perspective.
[Link] 6 200
Total 1,327 2,23,427
Source: Department of Technical Education, Government of
Telangana

10. As of 2021-22

11. As of Jan 2023

Education & Skill Development 155

 CHAPTER

11
WELFARE

156 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

 Key Highlights
l The Government introduced “Dalit total disbursement of Rs. 54,989
Bandhu” in 2021 to assist SC Crore (till January 2023).
households with a grant of Rs.10
Lakh per household without any l The Government has taken a new
bank loan linkage, to establish a initiative called “KCR Nutrition
suitable income-generating source. Kit” for the prevention of Anaemia
For the year 2022-23, a provision among pregnant women, It was
of Rs. 17,700 crore is made with launched on 21.12.2022 in high
a target of 1,500 beneficiaries per anaemia prevalent districts.
Assembly Constituency.
l Under the “Kalyana Lakshmi/
l The Government from 30th Shaadi Mubarak scheme”
September, 2022 enhanced 12,14,704 marriages have been
reservations in the State for STs performed from its inception since
from 6% to 10%, for admissions 2014. A total of 2.4 lakh SC, 1.5
in educational institutions lakh ST, 5.9 lakh BC and 2.4 lakh
and services under the State Minority brides have benefited from
Government. the scheme as of 30.01.2023.

l Under the “2-BHK Housing l “SC/ST Special Development Fund

Scheme”, the Government Act” was enacted in 2017 for the
constructed 1,36,039 houses with proportionate allocation of funding
an amount of Rs. 11,635.14 Crore to SCs and STs in the budget.
up to December, 2022. Further, the Around Rs. 11,430.75 and Rs.
Government has decided to take up 2,623.39 crore earmarked funds
4 Lakh houses with a unit cost of have been utilised for the exclusive
Rs.3.00 Lakh per each house with benefit of SCs and STs during the
100% subsidy to Plot owners under year 2022-23 (until January 2023).
Economically Weaker Sections
l To empower women financially, a
(EWS).
total number of 46.08 lakh women
l Since 2014-15, the Government have been organized into 4.30 lakh
has covered an average of 39 lakh “Self Help Groups (SHGs)” in the
beneficiaries annually under the State, amount disbursed through
“Aasara Pension scheme” with a bank linkage to the SHGs every
year.

Welfare 157
11.1 Introduction Constituency
district.
(AC) of the Yadadri-Bhuvanagiri

In the State of Telangana, many welfare initiatives

A provision of Rs. 4,441 crore has been prepared for
have been launched with the goal of elevating the
the year 2021-22, of which Rs. 4150 crore has been
state’s underprivileged and marginalized population
distributed to the districts to cover approximately
to help and align the economic success of Telangana
38,323 SC–identified households. The execution of
with specific social goals such as creating a level
this project will cost Rs. 17,700 crore for the year
playing field for the marginalized communities.
2022–23, with a target of 1500 beneficiaries per AC.
The Government is dedicated to enhance the
welfare of those who are socially and economically
[Link] Dalit Rakshana Nidhi
underprivileged, including women, children, senior The Dalit Rakshana Nidhi is established to ensure
citizens, people with special needs, and members that a Dalit Bandhu beneficiary family who faces an
of Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), unfortunate event does not suffer financially. In times
Backward Classes (BCs), and Minority Communities. of need, money can be spent from this Fund so that
The agenda of the welfare schemes is to ensure that the beneficiaries’ families can be protected.
these reflect the needs of the relevant communities
and are meticulously implemented, where the 11.2.2 Scheduled Castes/
deliverables are aligned with the proposed social Scheduled Tribes Special
goals of the Government. Development Funds (SC/ST
11.2 Welfare of Scheduled SDFs)
Castes, Scheduled Tribes, The Government enacted the “Scheduled Castes
Backward Classes and and Scheduled Tribes Special Development Fund
Minorities (Planning, Allocation and Utilization of Financial
Resources) Act in 2017” to secure funds for the
The Government has been implementing an implementation of programmes that ensure
advanced framework of welfare programs that accelerated development of SCs and STs with
will cover every oppressed caste or tribal group, an focus on economic, educational, and human
backward community and religious minority to development along with ensuring their security and
achieve the goal of social justice and creation of an social dignity, and promoting equity among them.
equitable society. This framework aims to achieve
social, educational and economic parity between There is provision for non-lapsing of these funds on
targeted groups of individuals with other developed a year-by-year basis. Telangana is the first State to
communities in society. have such a provision. Since the creation of the fund
(until January 2023), specific funds of approximately
11.2.1 Dalit Bandhu Rs.70,307 crore and Rs.37,777 crore have been used
exclusively for the benefit of SC and ST.
The Government launched a scheme called “Dalit
Bandhu” in 2021-22 a major initiative for the SC/ST Special Development funds are utilised for
economic upliftment of the Scheduled Caste people. implementing many welfare programs like Kalyana
A complete grant without any bank dependencies Lakshmi, Aasara Pensions, Drinking water to
to establish a suitable income-generating source is households, Sanna Biyyam to the students in the
provided with financial assistance of Rs. 10 lakh for SC & ST hostels, Etc. Figures 11.1 & 11.2 shows the
each beneficiary. expenditure incurred by SC/ST Special Development
funds from its inception in 2017 to 2022-23 (till
The scheme was launched on August 4, 2021, in
December, 2022). A total of Rs.1,08,084 crore has
the village of Vasalamarri, in the Alair Assembly

158 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

been issued under the SC/ST Special Development being addressed by extending reservations to these
Fund since came into force from 2017-18 to 2022-23 communities. Recently the government has increased
(till January 2023). the Reservation of ST in Educational Institutions and
State Government Services from 6% to 10% on 30
Figure 11.1: Expenditure under September 2022. Currently, ST, SC, BC, Minority (BC-
SC Development Funds E), and Economically Weak Section (EWS) have 10%,
(Rs. Crore) (2017-18 to 2022-23) 15%, 25%, 4%, and 10% reservation respectively.

15,677.68
[Link] Giri Vikasam
“GIRI VIKASAM” scheme is aimed at providing
10,989.18
11,474.80 11,430.75 irrigation facilities to the fallow and uncultivable
10,744.79
9,990.22
agricultural lands of small and marginal ST farmers
to convert them into cultivable lands for sustainable
agriculture development. As of December 2022, an
area of 56,613 acres of land belonging to 19,698 ST
farmers has been converted to cultivable land with
the cost of Rs 98.23 crore.
2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
(31.12.2022) 11.2.4 Educational Support to
Source: Scheduled Caste Development Department, Government of the SC, ST, BC, and Minorities
Telangana

The Government has a particular focus on programs

Figure 11.2: Expenditure under that make it easier for underprivileged groups to
ST Development Funds access and benefit from educational opportunities at
(Rs. Crore) (2017-18 to 2022-23) both the State and Global levels.
8,961.40

[Link] Residential Schools and

6,619.72 6,526.56
7,185.40
Colleges
5,860.87

Since the formation of Telangana in 2014, the

government has intended to increase the number of
2,623.39
residential schools to focus on the quality of teaching
and the physical environment in these schools, and
some of the students have graduated from IITs, NITs
2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 (upto 30-
and other reputable institutions in the country.
12-2022)

Source: Scheduled Tribes Development Department, Government of Till Januray 2023, the number of residential
Telangana
educational institutions under Social Welfare, Tribal
Welfare, BC Welfare and Minority Welfare increased
11.2.3 Reservation for Scheduled
from 298 to 1002.
Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes
(STs), Backward Classes (BCs), [Link] Scholarships
Minorities, Economically Weaker
The education of SC, ST, BC, and minority
Sections (EWS) in the State communities in the state are assisted by financial
The government is focused on undoing the historic support from the Government through scholarships
injustices inflicted on the SC, ST, and BC within the and reimbursement of tuition fees.
state, making minorities feel empowered by protecting
For the year 2022-23 (till January 2023) a total of
their rights and entitlements; these concerns are
5.42 lakh BC and EBC student,1.21 lakh SC students

Welfare 159
and 96,185 ST students have been provided with
Table 11.1 Number of Pre and
Pre and Post matric scholarships and nearly 52,898
Post-Matric Hostels
Minority students have been provided with Post
matric scholarships. Pre-Matric Post-Matric
Community Total
Hostel Hostel
In order to reduce student’s dropout rates, the Scheduled Caste (SC) 648 206 854
Government has been providing pre-matric, post- Scheduled Tribe (ST) 138 163 301
matric scholarships and fee reimbursement to Backward Classes (BC) 413 287 700
students. Between 2014-15 and 2022-23 (till January Total 1,199 656 1,855
2023) the government has spent Rs.9233.62 crore
Source : SC, ST & BC welfare Department
for BC students, Rs. 3983.38 crore for SC students
and Rs.2091.34 crore for ST students for both Pre 11.3 Housing
and Post matric scholarships.
To have a decent livelihood for the family the most
[Link].1 Scholarships for important aspect is drinking water, adequate
Overseas Education housing facilities, sufficient sanitary facilities, and
The Government has introduced Overseas clean surroundings to enable a dignified living by
Scholarship to help children from disadvantaged providing protection against human and natural
communities in pursuing higher education abroad, physical hazards.
which provides Rs. 20 lakh to one child in a family
(whose annual income is less than Rs. 5 lakh) who
11.3.1 Two-BHK Housing
secured admission to a foreign university from an Programme
eligible country. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Overseas Vidya
The Government announced a 2-BHK housing
Nidhi is for SC and ST students, Mahatma Jyotiba
program in October 2015, with the aim of providing
Phule Overseas Vidya Nidhi is for BC and EBC
cheap and quality housing to those in need. A total of
students, and Chief Minister’s Overseas Scholarship
2,92,057 homes were approved under this initiative
Scheme is for Minority students. Since the launch till
between 2016 and 2022. Of these, the construction of
January 2023, a total of 953 SC, 260 ST, 2976 BC,
1,36,039 houses was completed by December 2022
and 2174 Minority students have received these
(Fig. 11.3), while the construction of the remaining
overseas scholarships.
houses is in various stages of completion. Around Rs.
From 2014-15 to 2022-23 (till January 2023), the 11,635.14 crore has been spent on the scheme since
expenditure incurred on Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Overseas its inception to December 2022.
Vidya Nidhi for ST students is Rs.35.19 crore and
Rs.168.68 crore for SC students and for Mahatma Figure 11.3: Number of Houses
Jyotiba Phule Overseas Vidya Nidhi it is Rs.263.75 built under 2-BHK Housing
crore for BC and EBC students. between 2016-17 to 2022-23
11.2.5 Hostels for Marginalised 57,851

Communities
The Government is providing free boarding and
lodging of students for enabling them to pursue Pre- 24,487

Matric and Post-Matric Studies to all the marginalised 17,420

14,513
11,759
communities. There are the details of all the Pre and 8,495

Post Matric Hostels in the State, since 2014-15 to till 1,514

2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23(upto

January 2023. (Table 11.1). 31.12.2022)

Source: Department of Housing, Government of Telangana

The Government has earmarked a share of these

2BHK houses for specific social groups based on

160 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

their population and social justice in mind i.e., 50%
11.4.1 Kalyana Lakshmi / Shadi
are reserved for SCs and STs, 7% for Minorities and
Mubarak (Marriage Assistance)/
43% for other communities in Rural areas whereas
17% for SCs, 6% for STs, 12% for Minorities and 65%
Aid for Inter-caste marriages
for other communities in Urban areas. Additionally, The Government has launched a scheme called
2% reservation for ex-Service Personnel and widows ’Kalyana Lakshmi/Shaadi Mubarak’ to curtail the
of ex-Servicemen, and 5% is earmarked for Persons burden of girl marriage by providing one-time grant
with Disabilities. of Rs.1,00,116 to unmarried girls (above 18 years
of age) from SC, ST, BC and Minority families (with
The cost of building each house is Rs. 5.04 lakh in rural
combined income of both parents not exceeding
areas, Rs. 5.30 lakh in urban areas and between Rs.
Rs.2,00,000 per annum) at the time of their marriage.
7.00 lakh and Rs. 7.90 lakh in the Greater Hyderabad
From mid-2019, The Government is also providing
Municipal Corporation (GHMC).
financial assistance of Rs.1,25,145 to unmarried
11.3.2 Financial Assistance to disabled girls irrespective of their caste and religion.
Plot owner under EWS Up to January 2023, a total of 2.4 lakh SC, 1.5 lakh
Government has decided to take up 4 Lakh houses ST, 5.9 lakh BC, 2.4 lakh Minority families (Fig. 11.4)
with a unit cost of Rs.3.00 Lakh per each house with benefited from the scheme and an amount of Rs.
100% subsidy. 3,000 houses per each Assembly 10,558.79 crore has been disbursed. This initiative
Constituency will be taken up. A total of 3,57,000 not only curbed child marriages to a significant
houses will be taken up in the MLA Assembly extent but also greatly relieved the financial burden
segments. related to marriages.

11.4 Women Welfare Figure 11.4: Beneficiaries under

Category wise Kalyana Lakshmi
The Government implements a number of initiatives
/ Shadi Mubarak (Marriage
specifically focused on the well-being and
Assistance)/Aid
empowerment of women with a focus on reducing
the gender gap in employment, improving income
and increasing women’s bargaining power in a
household.

Along with many state level initiatives the

Government also implements Centrally sponsored
schemes such as the ICDS, Supplementary Nutrition
Programme, Poshan Abhiyaan, construction and
renovation of Anganwadi Centres, Integrated Child Source : SC, ST, BC and Minority Welfare Department

Protection Services, State Resource Centres for

The Government to curtail the evil of casteism
Women, Beti Padhao Beti Bachao, and Ujjwala
in society and to achieve the objective of social
for victims of trafficking and commercial sexual
integration encourages inter-caste marriages
exploitation, among others.
between SC individuals and individuals from other
The State Government also provides 33.3% castes by providing a cash incentive of up to Rs. 2.5
reservation for women under direct recruitment and lakh to each inter-caste married couple. During the
enrolment of educational institutions in Government year 2022-23, an amount of Rs.0.93 crore has been
jobs. disbursed to 37 SC and Rs 6.60 crore to 901 ST
inter caste married couples. Since 2014, an amount
Major State level initiatives for the welfare of the
of Rs.51.08 crore has been disbursed to 5,926 inter-
women are mentioned below.
caste married couples.

Welfare 161
11.4.2 Land distribution to Dalits kit containing 15 utility items and financial assistance
of ₹12,000 (₹13,000 for a girl child) to compensate
The Government provides 3 acres of agricultural land for the loss of wages by the women during the
to landless SC women, along with the provision for pregnancy and postnatal period. Since the scheme’s
creation of irrigation facilities, land development and inception, 13.91 lakh beneficiaries have received a
other agricultural inputs for their sustained livelihood. Direct Benefit Transfer of Rs. 1,261.67 crore, along
Under this scheme an extent of 17,096.31 acres of with KCR Kits. The impact of the scheme can be seen
land have been purchased and distributed to 6,995 in improved institutional deliveries in the state from
beneficiaries at a cost of Rs.768.94 crore from 2014- 30.5% to 61.0%. Telangana’s MMR (no. of maternal
15 to 2022-23 (till January 2023). deaths per 1,00,000 live births) dropped from 92 in
2014 to 43 in 2020, i.e., a 53% decline, and the state
11.4.3 Arogya Lakshmi, KCR now ranks third in the country.
Kits & KCR Nutrition Kit
[Link] KCR Nutrition Kit
The core objectives of these schemes are to enhance
the quality and acceptability of supplementary The state is committed to further decreasing
nutrition by Pregnant and Lactating women, by anaemia by introducing another flagship program
ensuring that Pregnant and Lactating women called “KCR Nutrition Kit’’ in high anaemia prevalence
consume 90+ IFA tablets, eliminate or decrease districts viz., Adilabad, Bhadradri Kothagudem,
the number of women with anaemia/ who are Jayashankar Bhupalpally, Jogulamba Gadwal,
undernourished, improve the enrollment of mothers Kamareddy, Kumurambheem Asifabad, Mulugu,
at Anganwadi Centers (AWCs) and by providing Nagarkurnool and Vikarabad. The programme was
nutritious and healthy meals to all pregnant and launched on 21.12.2022. Nutrition kits are given two
lactating mothers registered in all the Anganwadi times to every pregnant woman, once in their 2nd
Centres. Antenatal Care (ANC) (13-27 weeks) and second
time during 3rd ANC (28-34 weeks). The contents
[Link] Aarogya Lakshmi of the kit are highly nutritious with proteins, micro

To alleviate women’s health and welfare, the and macronutrients and the supplements intended

Government has enhanced the rates by providing to address anaemia and improve body mass index.

an additional allocation of Rs. 14 per beneficiary

11.4.4 Self-Help Groups (SHGs)
per day over and above the norms mandated by the
Government of India. Additionally, the Government The SHG movement is widely recognized as
has also increased the number of days the a grassroots movement that brought about
beneficiaries receive milk and eggs from 25 to 30. transformative change in the lives of women from
marginalized and economically disadvantaged
In 2022-23 the scheme benefited over 19.07
families by empowering them financially. The
lakh pregnant, lactating women and children in
government further encourages this movement
the age group of 7 months to 6 years (covered
through the SERP (Society for Elimination of Rural
under Balamrutham and Supplementary Nutrition
Poverty) by building and promoting women’s SHGs
Programme), the expenditure incurred under Arogya
and their associations. Nearly 46.08 lakh women
Lakshmi Scheme is Rs.131.35 crore (Till December
were organized into 4.30 lakh SHGs across the
2022).
state. In 2022-23 newly 269 SHGs were formed until

[Link] KCR Kit December 2022.

The “KCR Kit” initiative, which aims to lower Telangana has facilitated the bank linkages to all

maternal and infant mortality rates by encouraging the SHGs in the State. The amount disbursed to

institutional births, was introduced in June 2017. the SHGs has been tripled from Rs.3,738.67 crore

Under the scheme, post-delivery mothers receive a in 2014-15 to Rs.12,684.59 crore by 2022-23 (until
January 2023) from the State formation.

162 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

“MEPMA (Mission for Elimination of Poverty for the Elimination of Rural Poverty (SERP) and the
in Municipal Areas)” is the Nodal Agency for Mission for the Elimination of Poverty in Municipal
implementing Poverty Alleviation Programs in all Areas (MEPMA) support the development of women-
urban areas of the State. Till date, 15,544 micro- led Self Help Groups (SHGs) implements poverty
enterprises have been established through urban alleviation programs.
SHG women with a total cost of Rs.138.96 Crore
Many interventions have been made in Agriculture
under the Self Employment Program (SEP). In 2022-
(Rythu Bandhu, Rythu Bima, Power Subsidy, Milk
23 (tilll January 2023) an amount of Rs.114.35 Crore
Incentives, Etc), Health (Kanti Velugu, KCR Nutrition
to 1,134 beneficiaries under the Self Employment
Kit, KCR Kits, Telangana Diagonostics, Arogyasree,
Program (SEP). Since 2008 an amount of Rs.
Aarogya Lakshmi, Giri Poshana, improving the
15,144.43 crore is provided to 1.59 lakh beneficiaries,
Public Health Infrastructure, Basthi Dawakhanas
in 2022-23 (tilll January 2023) an amount of Rs.
etc.,), Education (Mid-day-Meals, Scholarships,
1,458.97 crore is provided to 18,680 SHGs under Self
Overseas Scholarships, revamping school
Help Group - Bank Linkage (SHG-BL).
infrastructure through Mana Ooru Mana Badi), and
11.4.5 Mobile retail Fish Outlets Living Standards (housing, skill development, asset
creation, free electricity, etc.) covering specific
A new welfare scheme for unemployed women marginalized groups by the Government since its
has been launched in GHMC limits in 2020 called inception.
“Mobile retail Fish Outlets” which provides fresh fish
and fish curries at the door step through which 150 11.5.1 Aasara Pension
unemployed women have been benefited.
“Aasara“ Pension scheme has been launched as a
11.4.6 Security, Health and net strategy for the welfare and social safety of the
Environment (SHE) Teams Government in November 2014 to safeguard several
sections of society, including the elderly and infirm,
SHE Teams is a division of Telangana Police disabled individuals, widows, people with HIV/AIDS,
established in 2014 which aims to deal with offences Filaria patients (Grade-II and III), incapacitated
against women like eve-teasing, stalking, and weavers, toddy tappers, poor Beedi workers, and
harassment in public or at workplaces, educational single women and also Dialysis patients are being
institutions, residential areas or social media. At provided pension. About Rs. 7,565 crore was
present, there are 331 SHE teams working in the disbursed to 44.43 lakh pensioners in 2022-23 (up
state. Between October 2014-22, a total of 42,788 to Januray 2023).
complaints were received under the initiative, leading
to the arrest of over 26,106 perpetrators. As of 2014, a total of 29,21,828 people were
given pensions of Rs.861 crore annually and after
11.5 Poverty Alleviation the formation of Telangana, a total of 44.43 lakh
people were given pensions of Rs.11,628 crore
The Government’s main focus area is addressing
annually. Out of these, 28.58 lakh new pensioners
poverty and its determinants. In this process, the
got pensions after Telangana came into existence.
government has revamped existing poverty-relief
Since its inception, the state has provided Rs.54,989
programs, particularly the Public Distribution System
crore as Aasara pensions to the beneficiaries (up to
(PDS) and the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
January 2023) (Fig. 11.5). Since 2014, this scheme
Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS), as
has covered an average of 39.0 lakh people per year.
well as the 100% subsidized 2-BHK Housing Scheme
Further, the minimum age limit for old-age pensioners
since its inception.
has been revised from 65 years to 57 years, by this
To reduce poverty in both urban and rural areas newly 8.96 lakh pensions have been sanctioned in
various state-level organizations like the Society the year 2022-23 (till January 2023).

Welfare 163
Since June 2019, the pension amount has been
11.5.2 Public Distribution System
increased from Rs. 1,500/- to Rs. 3,016/- per month
(PDS)
for disabled persons and for all other categories
of pensioners from Rs. 1,000/- to Rs. 2,016/- per To the priority households the essential commodities
month. Telangana is the only state in the country and food grains have been distributed by the
that is giving pensions to dialysis patients and filaria Government at subsidised prices as per their eligibility.
patients. The Public Distribution system with a network of
17,216 Fair Price Shops has been proactively been
Figure 11.5: Number of implemented by Government
Beneficiaries and Amount
Disbursed (Rs. Crore) under The Government has included 92 lakh people
under the PDS thus effectively covering 2.83 crore
Aasara Pension Scheme
beneficiaries in the state as on January 2023 over
(2014-15 to 2022-23)
50.00 12000.0 the prescribed coverage of 1.91 crore (persons/units)
45.00 by Government of India and also enhanced the scale
44.43

10000.0
40.00 of rice distribution from 5 Kgs per person at Rs. 3 per
9390.7
40.35
39.90

39.78

38.80

9716.7

Kg as prescribed by the Government of India, to 6

37.96

35.00
37.36
37.27

4975.2

7565.0
8710.5

8000.0
33.88

30.00
Kgs per person at Rs.1 per Kg for all the members in
4843.4
4540.7

25.00 6000.0
a family.
4496.5

20.00
1520.5

4000.0
15.00 Along with Food Security, the State has also
10.00
2000.0 facilitated Gas Connections to 18,83,734 poor
5.00
and marginalised households under the DEEPAM
0.00 0.0
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 Scheme. Table 11.2 shows the rice distribution
(upto
Jan. 23) schemes being implemented in the state.
Beneficiaries Amount in Crore
The total outlay on this program has doubled from
Source: Society for Elimination of Rural Poverty, Government of Rs. 1140 crore in 2014 to Rs.2638.6 crore in 2022.
Telangana
In the year 2022-23 (Till Januray 2023), the Public
Distribution System has served around 2.85 crore
beneficiaries in the State.

Table 11.2 Rice Distribution Schemes being implemented in the State

Name of the Beneficiary End consumer The scale of distribution
Eligibility
Scheme details price per month
91.64 lakh 6 kg per member of
households the family without any
Food Security Cards BPL families Rs. 1 per Kg
268.19 lakh ceiling on the number of
beneficiaries members in the family.
5.62 lakh Poorest of the poor,
Antyodaya Anna households Primitive tribal,
Rs. 1 per Kg 35 kg per card
Yojana (AFSC) cards 15.15 lakh destitute/widows,
beneficiaries etc.
Antyodaya 5,211 households Indigent old/ senior
Free of cost 10 kg per beneficiary
Annapurna (AAP) 5,423 beneficiaries citizens
SC/ST/ BC
Welfare hostels & 9.70 lakh inmates students residing 15 kg per pre-matric
Institutions (SC/ST/ in 4,237 hostels & in Government Free of cost inmate / 18 kgs per post-
BC Hostels) Institutions Welfare Hostels & matric inmates per month.
Institutions

164 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

 Name of the Beneficiary End consumer The scale of distribution
Eligibility
Scheme details price per month
At the primary level - 100
grams (per head per day)
25.26 lakh Students studying in
Mid-Day-Meals Free of cost Upper primary & High
beneficiaries Government schools
school level - 150 grams
(per head per day)
For children, 3 years to
6 years - 75 grams (per
Children from 3 to head per day)
10.82 lakh 6 years of age and
Anganwadi centres Free of cost Pregnant Women &
beneficiaries pregnant /lactating
women Lactating Mothers -
150grams
(per head per day)

Source: Civil Supplies department, Government of Telangana

A total of 82.64 lakh sheep have been distributed to
11.6 Economic Support 3.93 lakh beneficiaries during 2017-2022 and the
Schemes (ESS) Government has incurred Rs.3,751.15 crore as 75%
subsidy and beneficiary has contributed Rs.1,250.38
The Government has instituted many schemes for the crore as 25% share. A total of Rs.5,001.53 crore has
upliftment of the SC, ST and other weaker sections been incurred in implementation of the scheme.
financially by, i) providing financial assistance for the
creation of income-generating assets, ii) imparting The Government has enhanced the unit cost from
training programming for the up-gradation leading Rs.1,25,000 to Rs.1,75,000 keeping in view the
to Self / Wage employment and iii) To plug critical increase in price of sheep and their transportation.
gaps of finance in economic support schemes. Meat production has increased from 5.05 lakh Metric
Under ESS, 1,62,444 SC beneficiaries were provided Tonnes to 10.85 lakh Metric Tonnes from 2015-16 to
with different assets under Industries Service 2021-22. Telangana ranks 5th in meat production in
Business and Transport Sector with a total subsidy the Country.
of Rs.2,029.78 crore from 2014-15 to 2022-23 (as
on 18.01.2023).
11.6.2 Free Electricity supply to
SC, ST, and BC Communities
In 2022-23, over 20,888 ST beneficiaries are
covered under the livelihoods sector through The Government is providing free electricity supply
Economic Support Schemes, CM’s Girivikasam, Rural to SC & ST for domestic purposes up to 101 units
Transportation, Tribal artist MSMEs, ST skill trainings, benefitting around 19.30 lakh SC Households
etc. with an investment of Rs.135.87 Crore. with a cost of Rs.253.23 crore and one lakh ST
Households with a cost of Rs.192.00 crore since
Under B.C Corporation, Most Backward Classes and the inception . The Government has also initiated a
11 BC Federations (Free Electricity of Washer men scheme of free electricity supply to laundries /dhobi
& Nayee Brahmin also included) a total of 1,75,647 ghats and salons upto 250 units benefiting 71,388
beneficiaries were provided with subsidy of Rs. beneficiaries for Laundry units and 143 Dhobighats
460.39 crore from 2014-15 to 2022-23 (till Januray from Washerman community have registered their
2023) names as on 17.01.2023 and 34,983 beneficiaries
from Nayee Brahmins community have registered
11.6.1 Sheep Rearing and their names as on 17.01.2023
Development Scheme(SRDS)
The Government of Telangana has introduced 11.7 Development and
the scheme to develop the economic standards Protection of Culture
of Yadava and Kurma communities to make it
sustainable livelihood for them by supporting the Telangana has turned out to be a place of diverse
traditional shepherd families. languages and cultures which acts as the best

Welfare 165
example of the composite culture, and inclusiveness
of India. The state is referred to as Ganga-Jamuna
11.8 Empowerment of
Tehzeeb and the capital Hyderabad is a ‘miniature Persons with Disabilities,
India’. Senior Citizens &
The Government recognizes the importance of Transgenders
preserving the culture and has constructed a tribal
The Government has newly established a separate
museum at Jodeghat, Medaram, Bhadrachalam
department as per the commitment for the
and Mannanur. New Ramji Gond Memorial Tribal
Empowering the Transgender in the state and
Freedom Fighters museum is coming up in Abids,
orders were issued changing the nomenclature of
Hyderabad.
the Department to Department for Empowerment
The Kumuram Bheem Adivasi Bhavan and Sevalal of Persons with Disabilities, Senior Citizens &
Banjara Bhavan constructed with Rs.22.00 Transgenders.
Crore each in the heart of the city in Banjara Hills
inaugurated by the Hon’ble Chief Minister on 11.8.1 Empowerment of Persons
September 17, 2022. with Disabilities
The Government sponsors and celebrates major fairs As per Census 2011, the total population of Telangana
and festivals of the tribal community like Sammakka State is 3,50,03,674 out of which 10,46,822 are
Sarakka Jathara, Santh Sevalal Jayanthi, Kumuram Persons with Disabilities (PwDs) which constitutes
Bheem Vardhanthi, Nagoba Jathara, Bourapur 2.99% of the total population.
Jathara, Jangubai Jathara, Nacharamma Jathara,
etc., every year. The Government is sanctioning Pre and post
Matric scholarships to children with disabilities
Among the tribal festivals, Sammakka Sarakka and established 5 Residential schools with a total
Jathara (Medaram Jathara) is being celebrated strength of 830 students and provides with a
biennially in Tadvai Mandal, Mulugu district, which Marriage Incentive of Rs.1 lakh cash incentive is
is the State Festival and largest tribal religious given to either of the spouse with disability if a
congregation in the world. The Government makes normal person marries a Person with Disability.
elaborate arrangements for providing logistics,
drinking water, sanitation and emergency healthcare With the intention of serving the needs of the persons
facilities every year and nearly one crore pilgrims with Disabilities a toll-Free Help Line number of
participated in the festival which took place from 155326.
February 14th to 20th, 2022.
11.8.2 Welfare of Senior Citizens
Bathukamma is an annual flower festival celebrated
As per the Census 2011,out of 3,50,03,674 people
predominantly in Telangana, and is grandly
of the State 32,69,579 are Senior Citizens out of
celebrated by young girls towards the end of
which constitutes 9.34% of total population.
monsoon and heralds the abundance that nature
has to offer which begins on the day of Mahalaya The Government has established two old age homes
Amavasya, and is celebrated with much fanfare for under control of this department for providing free
nine days. The main purpose of this particular festival food and accommodation to the abandoned senior
is to pray with devotion to the Goddess - Maha Gauri. citizens.
The Government distributes Bathukamma Sarees to
all adult women enrolled under the Food Security It has launched “Mobile Evaluation App” for
Scheme during the festival season every year from evaluation of Old Age Homes run by private NGOs
2017 onwards. to monitor the status of inspection at all levels,
and maintain digital records with transparency.
Similarly, the Government also supports the Presently 265 old age homes are under the Non-
celebration of festivals of minority communities in Governmental Organisations that were issued
Telangana. The Government is organising Dawat- registration certificates.
e-Iftar during Ramzan and Christmas feast which
The Government has established toll-free number
includes distribution of clothes and gift packets on
14567 exclusively for senior citizens for providing
the eve of Christmas every year across the state.

166 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

free information and guidance on pension issues, Government on formulation of policies, programmes,
legal issues, on field intervention in cases of abuse, legislation and projects with respect to transgender
emotional support, rescue and care for homeless persons and sanctioned an amount of Rs.200 lakh
senior citizens, etc. for improving socio-economic status of transgenders
by providing Skill Development Training, Economic
11.8.3 Empowerment of Rehabilitation Scheme, Establishment of Home and
Transgender Help Desk for Transgenders and issued 245 Cards
for the availing various Government schemes.
The Government has Constituted State Welfare
Board for the Transgender Persons to advise the State

Box 11.1
Welfare of Transgenders & Beggars across Indian
States
Transgender people have a long history in India, measures to the Transgender community and the
both in social and cultural contexts. Usually, they people engaged in the act of begging
were identified as “Hijra”, “Aravanis”, and “Kothis”
Kerala is the first State to launch a policy for the
in various parts of India. They usually stay with their
transgender sector in the country. As envisaged
community, separated from mainstream society.
in the Kerala State Transgender Policy, a
In order to protect against discrimination and comprehensive scheme, named “Mazhavillu” 4 is
improve the status of Transgender persons, the being implemented for the transgender community
Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment by the Department of Social Justice, Kerala.
enacted “The Transgender Persons (Protection of
Similarly, the Government of Odisha has launched
Rights) Act, 2019” which prohibits discrimination
a new umbrella scheme “Sweekruti”5 with
against Transgender Persons. Provisions of the
manifold objectives such as Assistance to parents
Act came into force on 10th January, 2020. The
of transgender children, Provision of pre and post-
Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Rules,
matric scholarship, upgradation of skills by training,
2020 were formulated and published in the Gazette
support for Critical Health Care.
of India on 29th September, 20201.

The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment

References:
has formulated a scheme “SMILE - Support 1. [Link]/PressReleaseIframePage.
for Marginalised Individuals for Livelihood and aspx?PRID=1794777
Enterprise”2, which includes two sub-schemes
2. [Link]/PressReleasePage.
- ‘Comprehensive Rehabilitation for Welfare
aspx?PRID=1781640
of Transgender Persons’. The focus of the sub-
scheme is on rehabilitation, provision of medical 3. [Link]
facilities and intervention, counselling, education, aspx?PRID=1797968
skill development, and economic linkages to 4. Economic Review 2021 | State Planning Board,
transgender persons. The other is the ‘Central Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
Sector Scheme for Comprehensive Rehabilitation 5. Odisha [Link]
of persons engaged in the act of Begging’3 - which Scheme%20for%20TG%20-%[Link] .
provide comprehensive welfare and rehabilitation

11.9 Way Forward Special Development Funds, Etc., demonstrate the

government’s long-term commitment in poverty
The schemes and programmes that the government alleviation for women, SCs, STs, BCs, and other
has continued to run in 2022-23, such as Dalit minorities. Going forward, the Government is and
Bandhu, Aasara Pensions, Kalyana Lakshmi, Shadi will continue to implement welfare schemes for its
Mubarak, KCR Kits, KCR Nutrition Kit, SC and ST citizens.

Welfare 167
 CHAPTER

12
FORESTRY &
ENVIRONMENT

168 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

 Key Highlights
l Telangana has a total forest area Value Added (GVA) by the primary
of 26,969.61 [Link], accounting for sector and 0.74% of the total Gross
24.06% of the total geographical area State Value Added (GSVA) in the state
of the state. at the current prices.

l Five districts - Bhadradri Kothagudem, l The GVA at current prices by forestry

Mulugu, Nagarkurnool, Kumuram and logging grew from Rs. 2,465 crore
Bheem Asifabad, and Mancherial - in 2014-15 to Rs. 8,853 crore in 2022-
together account for more than 50% 23, this sub-sector experienced thrice
of the total forest area in the state. the increase at a Compound Annual
Bhadradri Kothagudem district alone Growth Rate of 17.33%.
accounts for nearly 16% of the total
forest area in the State. l 270.65 crore saplings have been
planted with an achievement rate of
l According to the India State of Forest 117.68% as against the target of 230
Reports, the forest cover in Telangana crore saplings under Telanganaku
was 19,854 [Link] in 2015, which Haritha Haram programme.
subsequently increased to 20,582
[Link] in 2019 and to 21,214 [Link] l Hyderabad city was adjudged the
in 2021, registering a remarkable winner of the “Green City Award
increase of 6.85 % in forest cover from 2022” and “Living Green for Economic
2015 to 2021. Recovery and Inclusive Growth”
awards.
l Hyderabad registered the highest
decadal growth rate of forest cover l There are 12 protected areas in
at 146.8% between 2011-21 among Telangana that includes 9 wildlife
the seven megacities of Ahmedabad, sanctuaries and 3 national parks
Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi, Kolkata and covering a total area of 5,692 [Link].
Mumbai. Amrabad is the second-largest Tiger
Reserve in terms of a core area at
l Telangana is endowed with a rich 2,166 [Link] among 52 Tiger Reserves
diversity of flora and fauna with over in India.
2,939 plant species, 365 bird species,
103 mammal species, 28 reptile l A quantity of 4.26 lakh tonnes of
species, 21 amphibian species and a Construction and Demolition(C&D)
large number of invertebrate species. waste has been collected and
transported in the State, of which
l The forest carbon stock of the State 1.83 lakh tonnes of waste has been
increased by 6.68% from 2019 to 2021. processed so far by the C&D plants.
The State’s carbon density in 2021
was 76.36 tonnes per ha, witnessing a l 205 Dry Resource Collection Centres
growth of 3.50% compared to 2019. (DRCCs) have been established in 141
Urban Local Bodies (ULB) to process
l Extremely fire-prone areas of the dry waste.
State’s forests decreased by 37.23%
from 2019 to 2021. l 244 water quality monitoring stations
have been established in the State
l In 2022-23, the forestry and logging covering 51 locations on rivers, 135
sub-sector added Rs. 8,853 crore locations on tanks/lakes, 46 locations
accounting for 3.60% of the Gross on groundwater, and 25 locations on
sewage treatment plants.

Forestry & Environment 169

12.1 A Natural Habitat Figure 12.1 Forest area in
Telangana (in [Link])
Forest management plays an essential role in
creating and modifying habitats while also affecting 1,551
5.8%
ecosystem services provisioning. In its endeavour
8,274
to protect the State’s forests and biodiversity, the 30.7%

Government’s primary goal is to implement laws and 8,651 Very Dense Forest (VDF)
32.1% Moderate Dense Forest (MDF)
programs for the preservation of ecology, natural
Open Forest (OF)
resources, animal welfare, and pollution prevention, Others
among other initiatives.

The State of Telangana is endowed with a rich 8,494

31.5% (in Sq. Km & % Share)
diversity of flora and fauna with over 2,939 plant
species, 365 bird species, 103 mammal species, 28
Source: Dept. of Environment, Forests, Science and Technology, Govt.
reptile species, and 21 amphibian species in addition of Telangana.
to a large number of invertebrate species.
12.2.2 District-wise Forest Area
Along the banks of Godavari, the State is bestowed
in Telangana
with dense teak forests from Nizamabad to
Khammam district through Adilabad, Karimnagar, The top three districts contributing to the total
and Warangal. These forests are home to several forest area of the State are Bhadradri Kothagudem,
deciduous species such as Nallamaddi, Yegisa, Mulugu and Nagarkurnool at 4,311.38 (15.98%),
Rosewood, Narepa, and Bamboo. The State is 2,939.15 (10.89%) and 2,496.68 (9.26%) area
also home to several endangered species such as (in [Link]) respectively. Mulugu district has the
Tiger, Leopard, Indian Gaur, Four Horned Antelope,
highest percentage share of forest area to its total
Blackbuck, marsh Crocodile, etc.
geographical area at 71.22%, followed by Bhadradri
12.2 Forest Kothagudem and Kumuram Bheem Asifabad at
61.45% and 54.45% respectively.
Forests are among the most complex ecosystems
in the world that support the livelihoods of many Figure 12.2 District-wise forest
resource dependent communities while offering area in Telangana
numerous ecosystem services. With forests
continuing to play a critical role in enhancing food
security, water supply and biodiversity conservation,
the government of Telangana is implementing
various flagship programmes with revolutionary
policy changes coupled with robust financial and
institutional arrangements to ensure the greening of
the State.

12.2.1 Forest Area in Telangana

As the 11th largest State in the country, the
geographical area of Telangana is 1,12,077.41 Sq.
Km, of which 24.06% i.e., 26,969.61 Sq. Km is forest
area. Of this total forest area, 8,494 [Link] (31.49%) is
Open Forest (OF), 8,651 [Link] (32.07%) is Moderate
Dense Forest (MDF), 1,551 [Link] (5.75%) is Very
Dense Forest (VDF), while the other 8,274 [Link]
Source: Dept. of Environment, Forests, Science and Technology, Govt.
(30.67%) includes scrubs, non-forest & water bodies of Telangana, Telangana State Remote Sensing Applications Centre
(from inside the forest area). (TRAC) 2020-21

170 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

12.2.3 Increase of Forest Cover Figure 12.4: Decadal growth
in Telangana rate of forest cover in megacities
w.r.t the assessment year 2011
According to the India State of Forest Reports,
the forest cover in Telangana was 19,854 [Link]
to 2021

146.8%
in 2015, which subsequently increased to 20,582
[Link] in 2019 and to 21,214 [Link] in 2021. The
State registered a remarkable increase of 6.85 % in
forest cover from 2015 to 2021. While the national

26.0%

11.4%

8.9%
net increase of forest cover from 2019 to 2021
was 0.22% (1,540 [Link]), Telangana witnessed a Hyderabad Chennai Delhi Mumbai Bengaluru Kolkata Ahmedabad

-5.3%

-29.8%
net increase of 3.07% (632 [Link]) which was the

-47.6%
highest percentage increase of forest cover amongst
Source: India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2021
all states of the country in the same time period.

Figure 12.3: Percentage increase Forest Types in Telangana

in forest cover from 2019 to The forests of the State can be primarily classified
2021: Telangana vs Indian into three groups viz., Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests,
States Tropical Thorn Forests, and Tropical Moist Deciduous
Forests.
Telangana 3.07%
Andhra Pradesh 2.22%
Odisha 1.04% Table 12.1: Forest Types in
Bihar
Kerala 0.52%
1.03%
Telangana
Jharkhand 0.47%
Gujarat 0.46% Forests Area
Karnataka
Types of Forests
0.40% Group ([Link])
Goa 0.31%
Tamilnadu Southern dry mixed
0.21% 14,383.62
Chhatisgarh 0.19% deciduous forest
Rajasthan 0.15% Dry deciduous scrub 5,037.40
Uttarpradesh 0.08%
Dry teak forest 3,371.64
Haryana 0.06% Tropical
Himachal Pradesh 0.06% Dry Secondary dry deciduous
Maharashtra 0.04%
151.94
Deciduous forest
Madhyapradesh 0.01%
Uttarakhand
Forests Dry bamboo brakes 16.30
0.01%
-0.03% Sikkim Dry savannah forest 5.04
-0.05% Tripura
Boswellia forest 0.77
-0.05% Assam
-0.11% Punjab Hordwickia forest 0.47
-0.39% Arunachal Pradesh
Tropical
-0.41% WestBengal
-0.43% Meghalaya
Moist Southern moist mixed
49.23
-1.03% Mizoram Deciduous deciduous forest
-1.48% Manipur Forests
-1.88% Nagaland
Tropical Southern thorn forest 320.41
-3.00% -2.00% -1.00% 0.00% 1.00% 2.00% 3.00% 4.00% Thorn
Change percentage w.r.t 2019 assessment Southern thorn scrub 0.80
Forests

Source: India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2021 Source: India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2021

Between 2011 to 2021, amongst seven major cities According to the ISFR 2021 Report, the major Non-
of the country, Hyderabad recorded the highest timber Forest products (NTFP) species in Telangana
increase in forest cover. The city’s share constituted are Solanum Nigrum (Black nightshade), Terminalia
48.7 [Link] out of the total increase of 68 [Link] belerica (Baheda), Desmodium gangeticum
during this period. (Salaparni), Strychnos patatorum (Clearing Nut

Forestry & Environment 171

tree) and Strychnos nuxvomica (Snakewood) with In 2022-23, the forestry and logging sub-sector
a relative abundance of 15.98%, 10.15%, 9.72%, added Rs. 8,853 crore accounting for 3.60% of the
9.29%, and 9.07% respectively. Gross Value Added (GVA) by the primary sector and
0.74% of the total Gross State Value Added (GSVA)
Mamidi chettu (Mangifera indica) is the most
in the State at current prices.
abundant tree species in the rural areas of the State
with a relative abundance of 38.93% while in the The share of forestry and logging in the GVA by
urban areas, it is Vepa chettu (Azadirachta indica) the primary sector as well as in the total GSVA
with a relative abundance of 18.35%. experienced an increase between 2014-15 and
2022-23. The share of this sub-sector in the primary
12.2.4 Ecosystem Services and sector GVA increased by 0.38 percentage points
Livelihoods between 2014-15 and 2016-17, while maintaining
a constant share at 2.96% between 2017-18 to
Ecosystem services are the direct or indirect positive
2018-19 and witnessed a downward trend in
benefits that ecosystems provide to human beings.
2019-20. Despite this temporary setback in 2019-
Carbon storage, nutrient cycling, water and air
20, the forestry and logging sub-sector has shown
purification, and maintenance of wildlife habitat
a significant increase by 1.32 percentage points
are some of the major environmental benefits of
between 2019-20 to 2022-23. Between 2014-15
forests. The produce of the forests of Telangana
and 2022-23, a similar trend is observed where the
include timber, bamboo, teak poles, fuel firewood,
sub sector’s share in the total GSVA at current prices
charcoal, and beedi leaves which support livelihood
increased by 0.21 percentage points.
opportunities, particularly in the rural areas.

Figure 12.5: Contribution of Forestry and Logging in Telangana to

GSVA at current prices (2014-15 to 2022-23)
Share of 'Forestry and Logging' in the GVA by the primary sector at current prices (%)
Share of 'Forestry and Logging' in the GSVA at current prices (%)
GVA by Forestry and Logging at current prices (Rs. crore)
9,500 4.00%
3.54% 3.60%
8,500 8,853 3.50%
Gross value Added (Rs. crore)

3.09% 3.17%
7,500 2.96% 2.96% 6,414 7,793
2.71% 2.69% 3.00%
6,500
5,500 2.28% 2.50%
Share (%)
4,372 4,193
4,500 3,684 2.00%
3,360
3,500 2,465 2,498 1.50%
2,500
0.73% 0.75% 0.74% 1.00%
1,500 0.53% 0.47% 0.56% 0.54% 0.56% 0.48%
500 0.50%

-500 0.00%
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 (TRE) 2019-20 (SRE) 2020-21 (FRE) 2021-22 (PE) 2022-23 (PAE)

Abbreviations: PAE - Provisional Advanced Estimates, FRE- First Revised Estimates, SRE- Second Revised Estimates, TRE- Third Revised
Estimates
Source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), Government of India.

The GVA at current prices by forestry and logging grew from Rs. 2,465 crore in 2014-15 to Rs. 8,853 crore in
2022-23, experiencing almost thrice the increase. During this same time period, the GVA at current prices by
the sub-sector also experienced a Compound Annual Growth Rate of 17.33%.

[Link] Carbon Stock

Forest carbon stock is the amount of carbon that has been sequestered from the atmosphere and stored within
the forest ecosystem, mainly within living biomass, soil and to a lesser extent in dead wood and litter. Carbon
stock plays a critical role in purifying air and water while serving as a tool for flood control and protecting
natural resources that people are dependent on.

172 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

The total forest carbon stock in the State increased
12.2.5 Initiatives for a Green
by 6.68% from 2019 to 2021. In this larger carbon
Telangana
pool, deadwood registered a 102.70% increase in
the same time period. The State has also reported [Link] Telanganaku Haritha
a carbon density of 76.36 tonnes per ha in 2021 Haram(TKHH)
marking a growth of 3.50% compared to 2019.
The Government of Telangana launched the flagship
Table 12.2: Carbon Stock in Programme ‘‘Telangana Ku Haritha Haram (Green
Different Carbon Pools of Garland for Telangana)’’ (TKHH) in 2015-16.
Telangana (in ‘000 tonnes) Envisioned and implemented as a people’s movement
with the active involvement of the general public and
Carbon Pool 2019 2021
farmers, it seeks to increase the tree cover of the
Above Ground
41,389 44,413 State from 24% to 33% of its total geographical area,
Living Biomass (AGB)
BioMass Below Ground and is considered the third-largest afforestation
17,227 18,415
Biomass (BGB) programme in human history. This afforestation
Dead Dead Wood 333 675
Organic activity would improve biodiversity, maintain
Matter Litter 2,031 2,169
ecological balance, ensure sustainable livelihoods
Soil Soil Organic Matter 90,862 96,314
and good rainfalls.
Total 1,51,842 1,61,986
Source: India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2019, 2021 The objectives of TKHH are also in perfect tune with
the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development
[Link] Fire Prone Forest Areas Goal (SDG) 15 i.e., Life on Land, which seeks to protect,
Forest fires are a regular phenomenon in our country restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial
often observed during summer. Severe fires occur ecosystems, and forests, combat desertification, halt
in many forest types particularly in dry deciduous and reverse land degradation and biodiversity loss.
forests, while evergreen, semi-evergreen and
Under this programme, extensive plantation
montane temperate forests are comparatively less
activities are being taken up inside and outside of the
fire prone.
notified forest areas to increase forest density and
The extremely fire-prone areas of the State reduced assist natural regeneration through intensive water
by 37.23% in 2021 from 2019 whereas the national harvesting structures.
decline was only 11.26% in the same time period.
Between 2019 and 2021, the moderately fire-prone As reflected in the recently amended Panchayat
areas also fell by 5.90%, while the country only saw Raj Act, 2018 and the Municipal Act, 2019, the
a 2.38% fall. Government has accorded due priority to the
environment by allocating 10% of their budgets as
Table 12.3: Classification of ‘Green Budget’ for taking up environmental initiatives.
Forest Fire Prone Areas in
Telangana As of 2022 -23, 14,965 nurseries have been
established and 270.65 crore saplings have been
S Forest Fire Prone 2021 Forest % of total planted with an 117.68% achievement rate as
No Classes cover
(in [Link]) forest cover against the target of 230 crore plantations with an
1 Extremely fire prone 572 2.70% incurred expenditure of Rs.10,417 crore.
2 Very highly fire 2,970 14.00%
prone
3 Highly fire prone 3,920 18.48%
4 Moderately fire 3,522 16.60%
prone
5 Less fire prone 10,230 48.22%
Total 21,214 100.00%
Source: India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2021

Forestry & Environment 173

Figure 12.6: Plantation achievement under TKHH from 2015-16 to
2022-23
No. of Plantations Cumulative Plantation













Total Achmt.

Source: Dept of Environment, Forests, Science and Technology, Govt. of Telangana

According to ISFR, the forest cover outside of the remarkable initiation of the Government is the
recorded forest area in the State was 1,727 [Link] creation of Haritha Nidhi (Green Fund). This Green
in 2015 which increased to 2,518 sq km in 2021 Fund is to receive contributions from various sources
showing a significant increase of 45.80%, which can viz., public representatives, government employees
be attributed to the Government’s flagship programs and other sections of the society which shall be a
like TKHH. predefined portion of taxes and fees that the State
Government shall impose. So far, an amount of Rs.
Haritha Nidhi (Green Fund) 29 crore has been contributed under Haritha Nidhi
In order to expand, enhance and enable sustainable that is being utilised to strengthen the existing TKHH.
growth of the ongoing TKHH programme, a

Box 12.1 Division to manage forests from an ecosystem

approach, promoting the wide range of ecosystem
Forest-PLUS 2.0: Forest for services that forested landscapes provide. A major
Water and Prosperity component of the program is to promote broad-
based, inclusive sustainable economic growth
In continuation of the Government’s commitment banking on key economic enterprises.
to protect and expand the State’s rich forest cover,
in collaboration with United States Agency for As of June 2022, under this program, an integrated
International Development (USAID), it launched system called Van comprising a mobile app and
a new management tool- “Forest Plus 2.0: Forest a web portal has been developed to aid in the
for Water and Prosperity” in Medak district on a preparation of Working Plans and collect data
pilot basis in 2019 to help improve agroforestry, on forest inventory, ecosystem services while
horticulture, and plantation practices in areas generating automated reports, including geospatial
outside of forests in the State. reports for the Working Plans. Owing to the success
achieved in Medak, the Government has scaled up
The tool seeks to provide technical assistance to the use of this Van System across the State in 56
the State Forest Department and its Medak Forest other forest divisions.

174 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

[Link] Urban Forestry ”Tree City of the World” by the United Nations
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the
Urban Forestry is an integrated concept, defined as Arbor Day Foundation for the two consecutive
the art, science, and technology of managing trees years of 2020 & 2021.
and forest resources in and around community
• Hyderabad won the prestigious “International
ecosystems for the psychological, sociological and
Association of Horticulture Producers” (AIPH)
environmental benefits that trees provide to the
award in 2022.
society.
• The city of Hyderabad was also awarded
To make Telangana a greener State, and create
“Green Garland to the State of Telangana” in the
more lung spaces for the citizens, the Government
category of Living Green for Economic Recovery
has proposed to develop 109 Urban Forest Parks,
and Inclusive Growth.
of which 77 have been completed and 60 made
available for the general public. In addition to this,
[Link] Telangana State
in collaboration with both the Greater Hyderabad
National Green Corps (TSNGC)
Municipal Corporation (GHMC) & the Hyderabad
Metropolitan Development Authority (HMDA), The National Green Corps is a major initiative of the
greening the twin city efforts are being prioritised: Government established to create environmental
awareness and discipline among all students of the
• Developed Urban Lung Spaces in 16 Forest
State’s 33 districts through the grouping of eco-clubs.
Blocks over 14,708.24 acres located in the
TSNGC promotes environmental awareness through
HMDA jurisdiction at the cost of Rs 116.63 crore
the organisation of programmes and competitions
and opened 6 parks for the general public.
such as quizzes, essay writing, ganesh clay idol
• Developed a Green Corridor through intensive promotions etc.,.
plantation along 158 km of Outer Ring Road and
interchanges of 457.23 acres by planting 71.15
[Link] Geomatics
lakh seedlings. Geomatics refers to the methods and technologies
used to collect, distribute, store, analyse, process,
• Proposed to develop 59 Urban Forest Parks in
and present geographic data. It encompasses
the HMDA jurisdiction, of which 48 parks have
Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Global
been developed.
Positioning Systems (GPS), cartography, remote
• Greened 14 lakes in the HMDA jurisdiction and sensing, and surveying.
opened them up for public recreation purposes.
The Forest Department uses geomatics-based tools
• 57 major theme parks are being developed with for the efficient management of its forests along
a financial outlay of Rs. 137.21 Crore. with Information and Communication Technology
(ICT) tools. The Department has also developed a
• 406 layout open spaces have been identified for
modular-based web-enabled Forest Management
tree plantations and are being converted into
Information System (FMIS) for public servants and
Tree Parks for the utilisation of visitors.
other stakeholders.
• On the occasion of 75 Years of India’s
[Link] Implementation of
Independence, “75 Freedom Parks” are being
developed in GHMC.
Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006
The Government of India enacted the ‘Scheduled
Awards, Recognitions, and
Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers
Accolades Received (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act’ in 2006, also
• The city of Hyderabad was recognised as the known as FRA, 2006, and subsequently in 2008,

Forestry & Environment 175

the ‘Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest From 2011-12 to 2022-23, 82,114.22 ha of
Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Rules’ were plantations have been raised, of which 27,403.58 ha
introduced. were raised under the Compensatory afforestation
component and 54,710.64 ha as the Net Present
The FRA, 2006 grants Scheduled Tribes and other
Value component. As of December 2022, Rs.
traditional forest dwellers the right to ownership
2,159.95 crore funds have been utilised since 2009-
of forest land in addition to rights to “protect,
10 to 2022-23.
regenerate or conserve or manage any community
forest resource that they have been traditionally 12.2.6 Institutions for Forest
protecting and conserving for sustainable use”. Management, Research, and
[Link] Implementation of Training
Telangana State Compensatory [Link] Telangana State Forest
Afforestation Fund Management Development Corporation Ltd.
And Planning Authority Act (TS (TSFDC)
CAMPA)
The Telangana State Forest Development
The TS CAMPA was established in 2014 by the Corporation was established with the objective of
Government and was entrusted with the responsibility raising plantations to meet the demand of wood-
of managing funds received from user agencies based industries. The corporation has been raising
towards compensatory afforestation, additional plantations of various species such as eucalyptus,
compensatory afforestation, penal compensatory bamboo, cashew, teak, medicinal plants etc., over
afforestation, and Net Present Value to compensate 32,951.39 ha to meet the pulpwood demand of
for the diversion of forest land to non-forest uses. various paper mills in the state, thus relieving the
It also assists forest fire management, biodiversity natural forests from the burden of supplying the raw
wildlife conservation and allied monitoring and materials to them.
evaluation activities.

Table 12.4: Harvesting of various species for the years from 2014-15
to 2022-23
Eucalyptus Bamboo Industrial
Species Long Bamboo Cashew
pulpwood Cuts
Unit MTs Numbers MTs MTs
2014-15 7,073 10,97,191 437 4.96
2015-16 - 16,23,413 617 4.96
2016-17 1,26,535 28,47,142 544 6.02
2017-18 2,81,813 21,58,276 620 5.96
2018-19 1,20,899 19,69,854 674 5.88
2019-20 1,49,330 26,71,121 860 4.83
2020-21 1,65,000 23,88,046 721 4.83
2021-22 1,18,562 19,14,946 287 5.53
2022-23 (up to
2,35,178 23,87,587 188 -
31 Dec 22)
Total 12,04,390 1,90,57,576 4,948 42.97
Source: Dept. of Environment, Forests, Science and Technology, Govt. of Telangana

176 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Based on the requirements of various industries, manage its sustainable use and enable fair and
12,04,390 MTs of Eucalyptus pulpwood, 1,90,57,576 equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the
numbers of Long Bamboo, 4,948 MTs of Bamboo use of biological resources and knowledge. These
Industrial Cuts and 42.97 MTs of Cashew species biological resources range from plants, and animals,
have been harvested and generated a revenue of Rs to microorganisms or parts thereof, their genetic
623.99 crore as of December 2022. material and by-products (excluding value-added
products) with actual or potential use or value, but
[Link]. Telangana State Forest do not include human genetic material.
Academy(TSFA)
12.3.2 Telangana State
The TSFA is the state-level centre for training the
Biodiversity Board (TSBB)
personnel of the Forest Department, representatives
of NGOs and Vana Samrakshana Samithi (VSS) The Government created the Telangana State
on various aspects of natural forestry, geomatics- Biodiversity Board (TSBB) as a statutory and
related topics and natural resource management. In autonomous body corporate with the objective of
2022-23 (up to December) the TSFA has organised strengthening the implementation of the Biological
29 state-level training programs with 1,829 Diversity Act, 2022 and Rules with a focus on access
participants. and equitable benefit sharing arising out of the use
of these biological resources
[Link]. Forest College Research
Institute (FCRI), Mulugu The TSBB is entrusted with the responsibility to
facilitate the constitution of biodiversity management
In 2016, the Forest College and Research Institute committees at the local body level, the preparation of
(FCRI) was established by the Government in Mulugu people’s biodiversity registers in the areas of potential
mandal of Siddipet district. The Institute aims to bioresources, to take up capacity building, training
train and produce qualified forestry professionals and awareness programs about the provisions of the
for the conservation and sustainable management Biodiversity Act & Rules.
of forest resources by offering bachelor’s, master’s,
and doctoral degree programs in forestry. The FCRI Biodiversity Management
also provides extensive training to farmers and Committees (BMCs)
develops agro-forestry models suitable for various
The TSBB constituted Biodiversity Management
agroecological systems.
Committees (BMCs) in the State under Section 41
12.3 Biodiversity of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002. Currently,
there are 13,482 BMCs at all the local body levels
According to the Biological Diversity Act of 2002, (Gram Panchayats, Mandals, Municipalities, and Zilla
biodiversity is a measure of variation at the genetic, Parishads).
species, and ecosystem levels. It supports ecosystem
services that have an economic value for humans The major functions of BMCs are the preservation
in terms of direct/indirect use, provisioning services and promotion of local biodiversity- breeds of
such as fuel & fodder as well as regulating services birds, animals, and plants, preparation of People’s
such as carbon sequestration and prevention of soil Biodiversity Registers (PBR)- an electronic database
erosion. with inputs from locals, maintenance of data on
medicinal plants/resources used by traditional
12.3.1 Implementation of healers, while acting as an advisory to the State &
Biological Diversity Act, 2002 National Biodiversity Boards on matters related to
local biodiversity.
The Biological Diversity Act 2002, enacted by the
Government of India aims to conserve biodiversity,

Forestry & Environment 177

People’s Biodiversity Registers commitment to conserve and protect the State’s
ecosystems, it has adopted both in-situ and ex-
(PBRs)
situ measures for the conservation of biodiversity
One of the main functions of the BMCs is the in the state. In 2021, the Amrabad Poda Lakmi
preparation of the People’s Biodiversity Register Govu Sangam, Telangana also received an award
(PBR) in consultation with local people. These under the “Conservation of Domesticated Species”
Registers contain comprehensive information on the category.
local biological resources, their medicinal or any other
use, and any other traditional knowledge associated
[Link] In-situ Conservation
with them. As stipulated by the Biological Diversity In-situ Conservation refers to the preservation and
Act 2002 and Rules 2015, 13,426 (99.58%) BMCs protection of the species in their natural habitat.
have been prepared with a baseline electronic PBRs In-situ conservation includes biosphere reserves,
dashboard. national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, biodiversity
hotspots, gene sanctuaries, and sacred groves.
12.3.3 Conservation of
Biodiversity To protect the State’s rich biodiversity, the
Government declared a network of 12 protected
Biodiversity conservation refers to the protection,
areas that includes 9 wildlife sanctuaries (see Table
preservation, and management of ecosystems
12.5) and 3 national parks (see Table 12.6) covering
and natural habitats and ensuring that they are
an area of 5,692.50 [Link].
healthy and functional. In line with the Government’s

Table 12.5: Wildlife Sanctuaries in Telangana

Name of the sanctuary District Area ([Link])

Kawal Tiger Reserve * Mancherial and Nirmal 892.23

Pranahita Wild Life Sanctuary Mancherial 136.02

Siwaram Wild Life Sanctuary Mancherial and Peddapalli 29.81

Eturunagaram Wild Life Sanctuary Jayashankar 803.00

Pakhal Wild Life Sanctuary Mahbubabad 860.20

Kinnerasani Wild Life Sanctuary Bhadradri Kothagudem 635.40

Manjira Wild Life Sanctuary Sangareddy 20.00

Pocharam Wild Life Sanctuary Medak and Kamareddy 129.84

Amrabad Tiger Reserve ** Nagarkurnool and Nalgonda 2,166.39

Total Area 5,672.89

* Core area of Kawal Tiger Reserve ** Core area of Amrabad Tiger Reserve
Source: Dept. of Environment, Forests, Science and Technology, Govt. of Telangana

178 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

 Table 12.6: National Parks in Telangana
Area
Name of the National Park District
(sq. km)

Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park Hyderabad 1.42

Mrugavani National Park Rangareddy 3.60

Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park Rangareddy 14.59

Total Area 19.61

Source: Dept. of Environment, Forests, Science and Technology, Govt. of Telangana

[Link].1 Project Tiger Under the Swadesh Darshan initiative of the

Government of India, an eco-tourism circuit
Telangana has two tiger reserves with the objective in Mahbubnagar district has been developed.
to ensure the survival and propagation of tigers (see Encompassing the Nallamala Hills and the Eastern
Table 12.7). The Amrabad Tiger Reserve (ATR) is part Ghats, this circuit covers numerous rivers, waterfalls,
of the Nallamala Forest track and has rich biological temples, and natural caves, with the Srisailam temple
diversity with several endemic species of flora and anchoring the whole package. The revenue generated
fauna. This Tiger Reserve is one of the largest tiger through the eco-tourism projects in Mannanur,
reserves in India that extends over 2,611.39 [Link] Farhabad, Mallelatheertham and Domalapenta with
over the Nagarkurnool and Nalgonda districts. It the involvement of local communities is deposited
is the second-largest tiger reserve in core area at in the Tiger Conservation Foundation and utilised
2,166.37 [Link] and the sixth-largest tiger reserve for the development and conservation of wildlife,
in terms of the total area, among 52 tiger reserves particularly tigers.
in India.
[Link] Ex-situ Conservation
The Kawal Tiger Reserve (KTR) with an area of
2,015.44 [Link] has forest areas which are contiguous Ex-situ Conservation refers to the conservation of
to the Tadoba-Andheri Tiger Reserve in Maharashtra life outside its natural habitat or place of occurrence.
and Indravati Tiger Reserve in Chhattisgarh. Tigers These artificial ecosystems could be zoos, nurseries,
have been observed to migrate between Kawal and botanical gardens etc.,.
the other two reserves. According to Tiger Census
The Government has adopted ex-situ conservation
2018, there are 26 tigers in Telangana, of which 16
methods to facilitate the breeding of endangered
tigers are in the Amrabad Tiger Reserve and 10 in
species and their rehabilitation in their natural
the Kawal Tiger Reserve.
habitat. For this purpose, the Government manages
Table 12.7: Tiger Reserves in two zoos in the state - Hyderabad and Warangal
Telangana (in [Link]) (see Table 12.8).

The Government has also set up deer parks to

Name of the Tiger Core Buffer Total
conserve antelopes including Blackbuck (Antilope
Reserve Area Area Area
cervicapra), Sambhar deer (Rusa unicolour),
Kawal Tiger Reserve 892.23 1,123.21 2,015.44 Chousingha deer (Tetracerus quadricornis) and
Amrabad Tiger 2,166.37 445.02 2,611.39 Spotted Deer (Axis axis) at four locations. In addition
Reserve to this, there are two private deer parks in the State
Source: Dept. of Environment, Forests, Science and Technology, Govt. (see Table 12.8).
of Telangana

Forestry & Environment 179

Table 12.8: Zoological Parks and Deer Parks in Telangana
[Link] Name District Area (hectares)

Zoological Parks

1 Nehru Zoological Park Hyderabad 152.00

2 Kakatiya Zoological Park Hanamkonda 19.22

Total area under zoological parks 171.22

Government-owned Deer Parks

3 Jawaharlal Nehru Tourist Complex (JLTC) Medchal Malkajgiri 26.00

4 Pillalamarri Deer Park Mahabubnagar 5.80

5 Kinnerasani Deer Park Bhadradri Kothagudem 14.50

6 LMD Deer Park Karimnagar 12.50

Total area under Government-owned deer parks 58.80

Private Deer Parks

7 Deer Park - Kesoram Cement Peddapalli 5.31

8 Sanghi Deer Park Rangareddy -

Total area under private deer parks 5.31

Total area under deer parks 64.11

Total area under zoological parks and deer parks 235.33

Source: Dept of Environment, Forests, Science and Technology, Govt. of Telangana

12.3.4 BIOSOT is working with a vision “To achieve economic

growth with environmental management for an
The Government constituted the Biodiversity improved quality of life in Telangana”. The board is at
Conservation Society of Telangana (BIOSOT) to the forefront of the implementation of environmental
implement conservation measures in the wildlife legislations in Telangana as well as new initiatives
sanctuaries of the State. The interest accrued for the and technologies for controlling industrial pollution
funds deposited with respect to the Srisailam Left and creating public awareness on the same.
Bank Canal Project is utilised for the protection and
management of sanctuaries and tiger reserves by [Link] Air Quality
the Society. This includes initiatives such as habitat
An Air Quality Index (AQI) is a composite measure
improvement, installation of solar pump-equipped
of air pollution. Based on the ambient concentration
bore wells, and purchase of camera traps to monitor
values of air pollutants and their likely health
the movement of wild animals etc.,.
impacts, AQI categorises pollution levels into - Good,

12.4 Pollution Control Satisfactory, Moderate, Poor, Very Poor, and Severe.
No monitoring station in the State recorded an AQI
12.4.1 Telangana State Pollution level worse than ‘moderate’ between 2016 and 2021.
Control Board (TSPCB) To monitor air quality, the Government has installed
The Telangana State Pollution Control Board (TSPCB) 50 ambient air quality stations, 14 Continuous

180 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Ambient Air Quality monitoring stations (CAAQMS), Local Bodies (ULB) to process dry waste.
10 real-time noise monitoring stations and also
• In the State, 21 Faecal Sludge Treatment Plants
introduced the TSAIR mobile application through
(FSTPs) have been constructed, out of the
which the public can register complaints related to air
proposed 139 with a capacity of 2,060 KLD in
[Link] Board is also targeting a 30% reduction
141 ULBs with an outlay of Rs.428 crore.
in Particulate Matter of less than 10 microns (PM 10)
by 2025-26. [Link] Bio-Medical Waste
[Link] Water Quality (BMW)
The TSPCB monitors water quality of water bodies in Effluents, bio-medical and hazardous waste

the State under the National Water Quality Monitoring transport vehicles are being tracked through a GPS-

Programme (NWMP). 244 water quality monitoring based online vehicle tracking and manifest system

stations have been established in Telangana by in the State. The Government has permitted 11

covering 51 stations on rivers, 135 locations on Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facilities

tanks/lakes, 46 locations on groundwater and 25 (CBWTFs) in the State for the collection and safe

locations on sewage treatment plants. Two Real- disposal of BMW. Currently, 51 bio-medical waste-

Time Water Quality Monitoring Stations (RTWQMS) carrying vehicles are equipped with GPS tracking.

have also been installed in Hussain Sagar Lake and Between 2016 and 2020, 81.87% of BMW in the
Fatehnagar. State is being generated in bedded hospitals while
the remaining 18.13% is from non-bedded hospitals.
12.4.2 Waste Management
The Government has always ensured that 100% of
[Link] Solid Waste all this Bio-Medical Waste generated in the State is
Management treated.

• The Government of Telangana established a Figure 12.7: Bio-medical Waste

biogas plant with a capacity of 5 tonnes, 25 generated in Telangana Bedded hospitals per day
static Secondary Collection & Transfer Points 30,000
9,754
(2016
15,674 to14,257
2020)15,255
(Qty.17,858
in Kgs)Bedded hospitals per day
(SCTPS) and deployed 84 mobile SCTPs for
2016
the decentralised transportation of waste and 25,000 2017 2018 2019 2020 0

effective usage of Swachh Auto Tippers. 20,000

0
5,953

5,217
21 297
• A total quantity of 4.26 lakh tonnes of C&D 15,000 24
231 1,689
(Construction and Demolition) waste was
3,235
collected and transported and about 1.83 lakh 10,000 17,858
15,674 15,255
14,257
tonnes of waste was processed by the two C&D 5,000 9,754
plants of the State.
0
• The construction of a 14.5 MW capacity ‘Waste Bedded hospitals per day Non bedded hospitals per day Any Other

to Energy’ plant at Dundigal has commenced

Source: Telangana State Pollution Control Board
and work is under progress.
[Link] E-Waste Management
• An integrated solid waste management project
at Jawahar Nagar is in progress with an outlay
Policy 2017
of Rs 251.01 Crore. The policy envisions the creation of a society that
plays an active role in managing E-Waste through
• Currently, 205 Dry Resource Collection Centres
segregation and channelisation of end-of-life
(DRCCs) have been established in 141 Urban

Forestry & Environment 181

products to the right avenues. For the same, the inclusive and sustainable development of the State
Government has earmarked industrial spaces or that protects the vulnerable sections of society from
sheds for dismantling or recycling e-waste in the adverse effects of CC while improving ecological
upcoming industrial parks, estates & clusters and sustainability. It is currently in the process of revising
the same according to the Ministry of Environment,
has accorded permission to 15 E-waste recycling
Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) guidelines.
facilities. Moreover, E-waste workers would be
provided with the necessary skills through the EPTRI also has dedicated centres for carrying out
various environmental studies like Environment
Telangana Academy for Skill and Knowledge (TASK)
Engineering and Management, Environment and
and the Skill Council for Green Jobs.
Sustainable Development Centre and Environmental
12.5 Conservation and Innovation and Incubation Hub etc.,.

Climate Action The Disability Adjusted Life

Climate change (CC) poses a challenge to the
Years (DALY)1 Rate attributable
sustainability of social and economic development,
to Environmental risks in
livelihoods of communities, and environmental Telangana.
management. According to India: Health of the Nation’s States
Report 2017, the Disability Adjusted Life Years
Major CC issues for the State are arising in the
(DALY) Rate attributable to “other environmental
agriculture and forestry sectors particularly owing to
risks” (per 1 lakh population) in the state is 372. It
the variability in rainfall and temperature patterns. can be observed that DALY’s Rate attributable to
Besides these two sectors, other critical areas of “other environmental risks” is less when compared
concern are food security, the increasing number with other southern states.
of climate-vulnerable habitats (like slums or village
dwellings), and climate-vulnerable infrastructure Figure 12.8: DALY’s rate
(like roads and bridges which may be washed away attributable to Other
by floods). environmental risk factors in
southern states, 2017
12.5.1 Environment Protection (No. of Persons)
Training and Research Institute 592
(EPTRI)
466
The Government of Telangana appointed EPTRI as 401
372
the Nodal Agency for Clean Development Mechanism
316
(CDM) and Centre for Climate Change (CC) with
the objective of assessing the risk and vulnerability
of the State to climate change, to develop sector-
specific adaptation and mitigation strategies, build
a data bank and a Climate Knowledge Portal for
storing and retrieving climate change information at
Tamil Nadu Karnataka Andhra Pradesh Telangana Kerala
the State level.

EPTRI developed the Telangana State Action Plan Source: India-Health of the Nation’s States Report 2017

for Climate Change (TSAPCC) in 2015 envisioning an

1 DALY stands for ‘Disability Adjusted Life Years’, and is a time-based measure that combines years of life lost due
to premature mortality (YLLs) and years of life lost due to time lived in states of less than full health, or years of
healthy life lost due to disability (YLDs). One DALY represents the loss of the equivalent of one year of full health.

182 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

12.6 Way Forward being substantially augmented to add to the energy
mix of the State and, currently the State stands second
Conservation and ecologically sustainable in the ‘State Rooftop Attractiveness Index (SARAL)’
development can be the only way to make the planet while being fourth in the country in total solar power
liveable for future generations. With this vision and production. A 100 Megawatt floating solar plant in
given the importance of the need to protect the Ramagundam that will produce Green Methanol
environment and preserve biodiversity, the State and electric mobility are other notable initiatives to
has embarked on an ambitious plan to mitigate the propel the State as a pioneer of renewable energy
impacts of climate change. The State has adopted and effectively contribute to the country’s Intended
innovative, inclusive green practices and initiated Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs). In
laudable schemes such as TKHH with an aim to addition to this, the TSPCB and TSBB continue to
increase the forest cover in Telangana from 24% to implement various environmental protection and
33%. Similarly, to evolve the green spaces of the State awareness activities to achieve an ecologically
for better health and create a salubrious environment sustainable development vision of Telangana.
for the citizens in urban areas, the Government has There shall be a continued focus on reducing the
developed 77 urban forest parks. In addition to vulnerability of the State to climate change and
afforestation efforts, Telangana recognises the need other environmental risks while mainstreaming
to enable an energy transition to renewable sources sustainability into Telangana’s governance.
to reduce its emissions. In this context, solar power is

Forestry & Environment 183

 CHAPTER

13
PANCHAYAT RAJ
AND RURAL
DEVELOPMENT

184 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

 Key Highlights
l Government of Telangana, since transformation in rural governance,
its formation in 2014, undertook with improvements in Gram
spatial and administrative Panchayat (GP) infrastructure
decentralisation with the underlying as well as better service delivery
tenets of transparent and people- relating to the laying of CC roads,
first governance. It reorganised sanitation, street lighting, water
10 districts into 33 districts, 459 supply, green cover, and financial
mandals into 612, and 8,368 Gram management.
Panchayats into 12,769 Gram
l At the primary level, a mobile
Panchayats.
application for Panchayat
l The Government promulgated ‘The Secretaries was developed to
Telangana Panchayat Raj Act 2018 capture Gram Panchayat-level data
(PR Act 2018)’ clearly defining on infrastructure, service delivery
powers available to GPs, outlining and governance. At the secondary
the roles and responsibilities of level, another mobile application
their functionaries, and introducing was developed for supervisory
a monitoring system for Mandal officials - Mandal Panchayat
Panchayat Officers to inspect the Officers (MPOs), Divisional Level
functioning of GPs once every 3 Panchayat Officers (DLPOs),
months. In line with the Panchayat and District Panchayat Officers
Raj Act, the declaration of many (DPOs) - to capture information
tribal thandas as independent GPs during observation and inspection
has helped empower marginalised visits. At the tertiary level, State
sections of society too. Level Visitors capture and upload
observation data during their
l In accordance with the new PR Act
visits to GPs. These 3 layers of
2018, Palle Pragathi programme
data integrate to form a system of
was launched in 2019 with the
nested supervision and supportive
twin objectives of enhancing the
supervision, enabling the
quality of life in rural areas and
Government to effectively assess
improving the governance of Gram
and track outcomes of flagship
Panchayats (GPs). The programme
schemes and initiatives of the State
completed five campaign rounds
viz. Palle Pragathi, Haritha Haram,
until June 2022 with a total
Palle Prakruthi Vanam & Bruhat
expenditure of Rs. 14,235.50
Palle Prakruthi Vanam, Mission
crore. The state has witnessed a
Kakatiya, etc.

Panchayat Raj and Rural Development 185

Democratic Table 13.1 District Wise and
Decentralisation and Mandal Wise Gram Panchayats
Development in the State
Active participation and effective governance of the Number Number
Sl
people, by the people and for the people is central Dis tricts of of Gram
No.
Mandals Panchyats
to a functioning democracy. Such participation and
1 Adilabad 17 468
effectiveness are possible only when the functions
2 Bhadradri Kothagudem 22 481
and resources of the state are devolved to the elected
3 Hanumakonda 12 208
representatives at all levels of the government. This
devolution is aimed at empowering all sections of the 4 Jagitial 18 380

people to come together, identify their strengths and 5 Jangoan 12 281

problems, and suggest as well as demand solutions 6 Jayashankar Bhupalapally 11 241
and monitor their implementation. This forms the 7 Jogulamba Gadwal 12 255
crux of democratic decentralisation. 8 Kamareddy 22 526
9 Karimnagar 15 313
The 73rd constitutional amendment empowered the
10 Khammam 20 589
Panchayat Raj Institutions (PRIs) to create their own
development plans, generate taxes, and administer 11 Kumuram Bheem Asifabad 15 335

schools, health facilities, development infrastructure 12 Mahabubabad 16 461

etc., for economic development and social justice at 13 Mahabubnagar 14 441
grassroot level. 14 Mancherial 16 310
15 Medak 20 469
Taking the concept of democratic decentralisation
16 Medchal Malkajigiri 5 61
in its letter and spirit, the Telangana Government,
17 Mulugu 9 174
since the formation of the state, has been involved in
changing the paradigm of the planning process so as 18 Nagarkurnool 20 461

to reflect the felt needs of the people in the policies 19 Nalgonda 31 844
and programmes. Through the introduction of the 20 Narayanpet 11 280
new Panchayat Raj Act, 2018 and its implementation 21 Nirmal 18 396
through Palle Pragathi (Telangana Rural Inclusive 22 Nizamabad 27 530
Growth Project), the Telangana Government 23 Peddapalli 13 266
continues to focus on solving grassroots issues. 24 Rajanna Sircilla 12 255
Further, under the Fifth Schedule of the Constitution, 25 Rangareddy 21 558
special provisions are made for the Scheduled Areas.
26 Sangareddy 25 647
Currently, the Scheduled Areas in the state consist
27 Siddipet 23 499
of 1,180 scheduled villages spread over 85 mandals
28 Suryapet 23 475
in nine districts— Adilabad, Komaram Bheem-
29 Vikarabad 18 566
Asifabad, Mancherial, Mulug, Warangal (Rural),
30 Wanaparthy 14 255
Mahbubabad, Bhadradri-Kothagudem, Khammam,
and Nagarkurnool districts. 31 Warangal 11 323
32 Yadadri Bhuvanagiri 17 421
33 Grand Total 540 12,769

186 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Hierarchy and Status of Gram Panchayats within their purview. At the
district level, the Zilla Praja Parishad coordinates the
Panchayat Raj Institutions activities of all rural local bodies in the district such
in the state as minor irrigation works, vocational and ITIs, village
industries, sanitation and public health, and the
Table 13.2 - Panchayat Raj
primary areas of responsibilities of GPs mentioned
Institutions
above. Zilla Praja Parishad functions mostly through
Number various Standing Committees, which oversee and
Number
of Units coordinate the common programmes of the villages
Sl. of Units
Administrative Unit as on
No before under its jurisdiction.
December
2014
2022
The act stipulates that several reports including
1 Zilla Praja Parishads District 9 32
the annual development report, audit report and
Mandal Praja administrative report need to be placed before the
2 Block 459 540
Parishads
Gram Sabha. There are 4 standing committees in the
3 Gram Panchayats Village 8,368 12,769
Grama Sabha looking after Sanitation, Street Lights,

13.2 Implementation Status: plantations and Works. Sarpanch and Panchayat

Telangana Panchayat Raj Secretary stand to be removed from their positions

for non-conduct of Audit in their Panchayat. Further,
Act 2018 powers are delegated to the District Collectors
The Telangana Panchayat Raj Act, 2018 mandates to initiate disciplinary action against Panchayat
that only the State Legislature is competent to notify officials. Additionally, a Gram Panchayat Tribunal is
or de-notify a gram panchayat. According to the Act, constituted to appeal the removal of Sarpanchs. For
the Gram Panchayat is primarily responsible for ensuring equitable representation, reservations to
eligible castes and classes are extended for 2 terms,
1. Citizen service delivery - welfare schemes and with 100% ST population villages reserved for the
grievance redressal, ST category only in plain areas. In addition, Article
2. Local governance - a collection of taxes and non- 243D of the Constitution ensures the participation of
taxes, women in Panchayati Raj Institutions by mandating
not less than one-third reservation for women
3. Maintenance of infrastructure such as plantations, out of a total number of seats to be filled by direct
streetlights, sanitation and roads, etc., election. Going over and above stipulated laws for
furthering women’s empowerment, the State has
4. Upkeeping of official registers and records
made provisions for 50% reservation for women in
Each Gram Panchayat shall strive to transform the Panchayati Raj Institutions through the Telangana
village into a ‘model village’ and shall accordingly PR Act 2018. Elections to all the 3 tiers of the rural
prepare a perspective plan for the Gram Panchayat local bodies in the state were conducted in 2019.
called the Gram Panchayat Development Plan
(GPDP). This GPDP should help the GP in becoming
13.2.1. Administration of Gram
a model village, which is clearly defined by the Act. Panchayats
In order to ensure the smooth implementation of
Gram Panchayat is locally administered by
the plans and accountability of the village-level
the Panchayat Secretary and the roles and
functionaries, Gram Sabha must meet at least once
responsibilities of a Panchayat Secretary is to
in two months (at least 6 times a year).
• Oversee the activities of the gram panchayat
At the mandal level, a group of Gram Panchayats
and prepare administrative reports.
organised as a Mandal Praja Parishad (MPP)
ensures that development targets are set for the • Convene the meetings of the gram sabha after

Panchayat Raj and Rural Development 187

 duly communicating the agenda to the members preparation and submission of the annual
of GP and keeping its record of the proceedings budget, administrative reports, periodical returns,
and resolutions for onward transmission to the replies to audit reports of the Gram Panchayats,
MPOs within three days from the date of the Ensures maintenance of Gram Panchayat
meeting. accounts strictly in accordance with the rules
and upload the accounts in the website specially
• Ensure that the Gram Panchayat is clean on
designed for this purpose in every month as
a daily basis and monitors sanitation and
per model accounting manual issued by the
ensures cleaning of all streets, public places and
Government, Ensures periodical reconciliation of
institutions, schools, and colonies on a regular
Gram panchayat Accounts with local subtreasury
basis.
and take immediate necessary steps to identify
• Ensure regular desilting of drains and the the reasons for differences, if any and rectify
collection, transportation and safe disposal of them, Inspects all Gram Panchayats in the
waste in the dumping yard. Mandal in every quarter, and submit a detailed
Inspection Report to Divisional Panchayat Officer.
• Ensure proper maintenance of Tricycles, tractors Holds enquiries and submits reports to higher
and other waste-lifting vehicles and ensures the authorities on complaints of maladministration
spreading of bleaching and lime powders as per in Gram Panchayats. In summary, the MPO
standards. functions as a facilitator of the Gram Panchayat
Administration.
• Ensure the proper maintenance of street lights.
With the smallest average mandal population of any
13.2.2. Reporting Systems for
state, Telangana is at an advantage.
Panchayat Secretaries
Over the last 3 years, a foundation has been
Figure 13.3. Average Mandal /
established for technology-based, verifiable data-
BlockPopulation -2022
based reporting by the field-level panchayat raj 18 Non- Number
Projected Average
officials. The first mobile application has been Sl special
Population in Block
of
No category Mandals/
developed for monitoring the work of the Panchayat 2022 Population
states Blocks
Secretaries on a daily basis in January 2020. Monthly 1 Telangana 3,75,56,026 61,366 612
indicators have been designed to monitor and Andhra
2 5,27,87,000 79,023 668
Pradesh
analyse the performance of Panchayat Secretaries
3 Goa 15,12,000 1,26,000 12
with a strong outcome focus. Indicators designed are
4 Odisha 4,40,33,000 1,40,233 314
aligned with the responsibilities of the Panchayat 5 Jharkhand 3,84,71,000 1,45,724 264
secretaries as per the Telangana Panchayat Raj Act 6 Tamil Nadu 7,64,02,000 1,96,913 388
2018. 7 Punjab 3,03,99,000 2,01,318 151
8 Chhattisgarh 2,94,93,000 2,02,007 146
13.2.3. Governance of Gram 9 Haryana 2,94,83,000 2,07,627 142
Panchayats 10 Rajasthan 7,92,81,000 2,25,231 352
11 Bihar 12,30,83,000 2,30,493 534
1. The Mandal Panchayat Officers (MPO) play 12 Kerala 3,54,89,000 2,33,481 152
an important role in the assessment of Madhya
13 8,45,16,000 2,70,020 313
Pradesh
Gram Panchayats’ performance within his/
14 Uttar Pradesh 23,09,07,000 2,78,874 828
her jurisdiction. They will review the work of 15 Gujarat 6,97,88,000 2,79,152 250
Panchayat Secretaries within their jurisdiction. 16 West Bengal 9,81,25,000 2,85,248 344
They will exercise supervision, and control and 17 Karnataka 6,68,45,000 2,94,472 227
provide guidance to the Gram Panchayats 18 Maharashtra 12,44,37,000 3,53,515 352
Average 1,25,26,07,026 2,07,077 6,049
and their Executive authorities. Ensures timely

188 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

 vulnerable groups. The major sources of Income

353515
294472
285248
for the Panchayat Raj Institutions are Property tax,

279152
278874
270020
233481
230493
225231
207627
License Fee, Water tax, User charges, Other taxes

207077
202007
201318
196913
145724
140233

and fees, Market Receipts, Grants from 14th/15th

126000
79023

Central Finance Commissions, Grants from State

61366

Finance Commission, Grants for staff salary and

Other Grants from State and Incomes from Other
Source: Local Governance Directory and National Commission on
sources. The major items of Expenditure are Staff
Population Salaries, Honorarium to elected representatives,
Operations and Maintenance, Buildings and
2. A second mobile application has been
Community Assets, Roads, Water Supply and
developed in September 2022 for use by Mandal
Sanitation, Capital Expenditure and Others.
Panchayat Officers as well as other supervising
officers tasked with conducting inspections 2. During 2021-22 an amount of Rs 3,268.55 crore
and coordinating the activities of GP level funds have been realised by the Panchayat
functionaries by the - Divisional Level Panchayat Raj Institutions in the state as income under
Officers, District Panchayat Officers, Deputy Chief various sources and Rs 2,887.40 crore have been
Executive Officers of Zilla Praja Parishads and utilised. Since September 2019 to December
Chief Executive Officers of Zilla Praja Parishads. 2022, an amount of Rs. 11,088.80 crore has
been released to Panchayat Raj Institutions in
3. These supervisory approaches being deployed
the state with a matching ratio by the centre
by the Panchayat Raj and Rural Development
and state. Every month the state Government is
Department can allow managerial officers at
releasing an amount of Rs. 256.66 crore to all
each level to efficiently oversee and support the
the PRIs and during 2022-23 Rs.1,684.47 crore
progress of those under their charge, and as such
releases have been made so far. Efforts have
holds potential to be replicated across multiple
also been made to improve financial planning at
service delivery departments.
the Gram Panchayat level. All Gram Panchayats
13.2.4. Role of District in the state have prepared their annual budgets
Administration till 2023-24, keeping 10% of funds reserved for
green activities. A system of expenditure codes
In addition to Zilla Praja Parishads, the Panchayat has also been launched in Gram Panchayats to
Raj Act 2018 also delegated powers to the District track and analyse expenditure for different focus
Collectors to guide and monitor the performance of areas mandated by Panchayat Raj Act.
Panchayat Raj officials. To strengthen supervisory
capacity at the district level, the state Government 13.2.6. Service Delivery To
has created a new post of ‘Additional Collector Local Citizens
Bodies’ to look after the administration of Gram
1. Sanitation: Gram Panchayats play a critical role
Panchayats, Mandal Praja Parishads and Zilla Praja
in the sanitation of rural areas, from household
Parishads and Urban Local Bodies in the district.
waste collection and segregation to daily
13.2.5. Finances to Panchayat cleaning of village roads and institutions. The
Raj Institutions state finances various initiatives to promote
waste management practices.
1. The state plays an important role in financing
Gram Panchayats by matching the 15th Finance 2. Water supply: Gram Panchayats play an essential
Commission grants. Allocation and release role in ensuring last-mile access to drinking water
of funds are proportionate to the population as part of the state’s flagship Mission Bhagiratha
with additional fund support being provided to scheme. GPs are required to certify that there

Panchayat Raj and Rural Development 189

 are no leftover households to provide tap water Panchayat Secretaries are responsible for daily
connections. They are also required to report any quality checks of streetlights, and the timely
problems related to the drinking water supply to payment of power consumption bills. Initiatives
the concerned Mission Bhagiratha officer and have also been taken to improve the quality of
coordinate to ensure the timely resolution of streetlight infrastructure in remote areas.
issues. Ministry of Jal Shakthi, GoI recognized that
4. Green cover: Telangana ku Haritha Haram (Green
Telangana is the first large state in the country
Garland for Telangana) is a flagship programme
which has achieved 100% coverage of functional
of the state government launched in 2015 to
household tap connections in all rural habitations
increase the Green Cover in the state from 24%
through sustainable surface sources. All the
to 33%. Accordingly, massive green cover is
57.01 lakh rural households having functional tap
promoted by developing Nurseries, Plantations
connections in the state are being supplied 100
of different types, Palle Prakruthi Vanams,
LPCD (Litres Per Capita Per Day) of water.
Multi-Layer Avenue Plantation and Bruhat Palle
3. Streetlights: Streetlights are integral to promoting Prakruthi Vanams.
public safety and reducing road accidents.

Box 13.1 Sl.

District Name
Scores of Gram
No Panchayats
Monitoring District Level 8 Vikarabad 84.55
Outcomes Using “Palle 9 Rajanna Sircilla 84.49
Pragathi for Ps’ App with 10 Jangaon 84.12
support of E- Panchayat 11 Karimnagar 83.71
12 Nizamabad 83.67
The table below summarises the share of GPs in 13 Jogulamba Gadwal 83.67
each district which scored more than 80% on Gram 14 Rangareddy 83.54
Panchayat scores that are collected as part of daily
15 Mulugu 83.07
and monthly reporting of the Panchayat Secretaries
16 Nagarkurnool 82.98
in the state. The sanitation indicator includes data
17 Yadadri Bhuvanagiri 82.05
on cleanliness of roads, drains and institutions
18 Siddipet 81.84
as well as waste management practices of Gram
Total Average 81.74
Panchayats.
19 Hanumakonda 81.65
Table 13.4 District-wise Share 20 Wanaparthy 81.15
of GP’s wish score above 80% 21 Kamareddy 80.99

(Generated from the Mobile 22 Jayashankar 80.74

Bhupalapally
Apps) (upto December 2022)
23 Nirmal 80.54
Sl. Scores of Gram 24 Khammam 80.07
District Name
No Panchayats 25 Suryapet 79.40
1 Mahabubnagar 89.01 26 Medak 78.29
2 Jagtial 86.40 27 Warangal 77.18
3 Sangareddy 86.29 28 Nalgonda 76.84
4 Peddapalli 86.12 29 Mancherial 76.28
5 Narayanpet 85.61 30 Medchal Malkajgiri 75.16
6 Bhadradri Kothagudem 85.39 31 Adilabad 74.77
7 Mahabubabad 84.72 32 Kumuram Bheem 71.39
Asifabad

190 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

13.2.7 Awards to Gram improving the governance of Gram Panchayats
(GPs). Key focus areas of the programme - include
Panchayats
village sanitation, infrastructure, tree cover and
1.
Child-friendly Gram Panchayat Award governance of the Gram Panchayats.
(CFGPA)-2022 (Appraisal Year 2020-21) -
Funding of the Program is through grant-in-aids,
Chandapur Gram Panchayat, Wanaparthy
the panchayat’s own resources, convergence funds
mandal, Wanaparthy District.
from other schemes and donations. In addition, the
2. Gram Panchayat Development Plan Award people may also contribute through Shram Daan. An
(GPDPA)-2022 (Appraisal Year 2020-21) - amount of Rs. 14,235.50 crore has been utilised since
Yerravalle Gram Panchayat, Markook Mandal, the launch of the programme in September 2019 till
Siddipet District. December 2022.

3. Nanaji Deshmukh Rashtriya Gaurav Gram So far, five campaign rounds (Tabel 13.5) of Palle
Sabha Puraskar (NDRGGSP) -2022 Appraisal Pragathi have been completed with various activities
Year (2020-21) - Manthangod Gram Panchayat, such as cleaning of roads & desilting of drains, filling
Makthal Mandal, Narayanpet District up of potholes, replacement of damaged electricity
Source: Panchayat Raj & Rural Development Department, poles, wires and street lights, laying of third wire,
Government of Telangana identification and bailing out of the water from low
lying areas, identification and demolition of old and
13.2.8 Capacity Building dilapidated buildings & cleaning of debris, as well
Initiatives as filling up of old and unused open wells, avenue
5. Telangana State Institute for Rural Development plantation, replacement of the dried-up plants etc.,
(TSIRD) is the apex institute for training
Construction of Dump Yards and Vaikunta Dhamams
the Panchayat Raj and Rural Development
is taken up in all the Gram Panchayats. Each Gram
Department (PRRD) functionaries including
Panchayat is provided with a tractor and trolley
the elected representatives. During the year
for transportation of segregated garbage and a
up to December 2022, 312 in-campus training
tanker for watering the saplings planted in the Gram
programmes have been conducted with 14,020
Panchayat area under Telangana ku Haritha Haram.
participants. Core areas of these training
programmes include the Implementation of the 13.3.1 Palle Pragathi Rounds
PR Act 2018, IT and e-Governance, MGNREGS and Key Activities
implementation, social audit and thematic
training on topics such as water and sanitation Table 13.5
and women and child welfare.
Rounds Period Focus Areas
6. The Panchayat Raj and Rural Development Emphasis on the cleanliness
Department continues to use a data-driven September
of the villages, identification
approach for capacity building. Surveys have 1st 06, 2019, to
of sites for the construction
been conducted with Panchayat Secretaries to Round October 05,
of crematorium and dumping
understand training needs. Assessments are 2019
yards.
conducted post-training to assess the level of
Institutionalisation and
understanding.
January 02, deepen the activities of
13.3 Palle Pragathi 2nd 2020, to 1st round, sanctioning and
Round January 12, grounding of IHHLs under the
In 2019, the Government of Telangana launched the 2020 ‘No one left behind’ category
Palle Pragathi programme with the twin objectives to achieve ODF status
of enhancing the quality of life in rural areas and

Panchayat Raj and Rural Development 191

Rounds Period Focus Areas Nurseries, Plantations, Palle Prakruthi Vanams,
Avenue Plantations and Bruhat Palle Prakruthi
Sanitation drive in view of
Vanams, out of which Rs.459.00 crore have
monsoon season, desilting
been incurred during 2022-23. As per Section
of drains, bailing out the
52 (1) (b) of Panchayat Raj Act 2018 each Gram
stagnated water, anti
Panchayat should prepare a green action plan
larvae measures to prevent
June 01, and it should have a functional nursery and
3rd the spread of mosquitoes,
2020, to June 10% of the total budget of the GP is earmarked
Round awareness generation on dry
08, 2020 as a green budget.
and wet waste, preparation
of vermi compost etc., [Link] Prakruthi Vanams (Village Nature
completion of construction Parks): Dense forest-type plantations have
of segregation sheds and been developed in 19,472 Gram Panchayats
vaikunta dhamams and habitations with an amount of Rs.238.02
Sanitation, Health, village crore. They serve as village nature parks and
infrastructure, plantation rural lung spaces.
July 01, drive and development of
4th 3.2. Bruhat Palle Prakruthi Vanams (BPPVs)
2021, to July Palle Prakurthi Vanams
Round (Nature Parks of Big Size): 5 BPPVs are being
10, 2021 and Bruhat Palle Prakruthi
proposed to be developed in each mandal. Out
Vanams), resolving the
of the proposed 2,725 BPPVs plantation works
power supply issues.
have been completed in 1,953 sites with an
June 03 2022 Sanitation, Plantation, expenditure of Rs. 45.60 crore.
5th
to June 15 Maintenance of village
Round
2022 infrastructure. 3.3. Functional Nurseries: During 2022-23, 11.68
crore seedlings are being raised in 12,756
Source: Panchayat Raj & Rural Development Department,
Government of Telangana nurseries established in the villages with an
expenditure of 312.32 crore.
13.3.2Key Activities under Palle
Pragathi 3.4. Plantation: During 2022-23 a target of 8.18
crore seedling plantation was targeted and 9.18
1. Crematoria: For facilitating the respectful crore seedlings have been planted with 112% of
disposal of dead bodies in the villages achievement with an expenditure of Rs. 592.67
construction of Vykuntadhamams/ crore.
Crematoriums have been taken up in 12,745
Gram Panchayats in the state out of which 3.5. Single-layer Avenue Plantation: Is taken up in all
12,742 of them have been completed with an Gram Panchayats internal roads, Panchayat Raj
expenditure of Rs. 1,329.73 crore. Roads etc., Out of the 67,276 km of Panchayat
Raj Roads single layer avenue plantation has
2. Dumping Yards: In order to take care of been completed in 65,471 km.
sanitation and solid waste, construction of
Dumping Yards has been taken up in all the 3.6. Multi-Layer Avenue Plantation: Under MLAP
villages in the state. So far 12,753 dumping 9,360 km have been identified in the State and
yards have been completed with an expenditure the plantation has been completed in 9,242.70
of Rs. 279.10 crore. km i.e., 98.74 % of the target.

3. Haritha Haram: Since the launch of Telangana 4. Soak Pits: 11,63,496 individual and 32,174
Ku Haritha Haram (THH) in 2015, an amount community magic soak pits have been
of Rs. 5,114.06 crore expenditure has been constructed in all GPs with an expenditure of Rs.
incurred for the development of village 400.57 crore.

192 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

5. Rythu Vedikas: 2,601 Rythu Vedikas have been create indispensable permanent quality assets
constructed so far with an expenditure of Rs. contributing to the overall improvement of rural
524.57 crore. infrastructure.

6. Drying platforms: Out of the proposed 45,950 13.4.1 Key Highlights Of

proposed Drying Platforms 22,858 have been Telangana’s Performance
completed with an expenditure of Rs. 143.43 (2022-23)
crore.
• Wage seekers: The Number of New Job cards
13.4 Implementation issued is 13,33,099 up to 18th January 2023.
Of Mahatma Gandhi
National Rural Employment • Person Days: Rs.10.58 crore person days have
been generated with an average wage rate of
Guarantee Scheme Rs. 162.82 per day.
(MGNREGS) in the State
• Average Person Days: The Expenditure on
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
MGNREGS incurred is Rs. 27,825 crore up to
Guarantee Act provides a minimum of 100 days of
18th January 2023.
guaranteed wage employment in a financial year
to every rural household whose adult members • Works: Major works taken up under this scheme
volunteer to do unskilled manual work at the notified are the laying of internal roads, renovation and
wage rate. Telangana has channelized the MGNREGS conservation of water bodies, the establishment
in 12,769 GPs for implementing several works under of nurseries and development of plantation,
the State’s flagship Palle Pragathi programme to sanitation works etc.,
provide not only employment to citizens but also

Table 13.6. Achievements under MGNREGS

No of Person-
No of new Wage Material Admin Expenditure
Sl. individual in Days
Year job cards Expenditure Expenditure Expenditure (Rs. in crore)
No. the new job Generated
issued (Rs in crore) (Rs in crore) (Rs in crore)
cards ( Rs in crore)

1 2014-15 1,13,217 2,21,795 10.56 1,212 643.0 183.2 2,038.2

2 2015-16 1,75,013 3,10,983 13.71 1,779 449.0 164.2 2,392.2

3 2016-17 1,21,775 1,90,295 10.70 1,423 982.0 221.0 2,626.0

4 2017-18 1,53,140 2,99,836 11.50 1,593 1,055.0 282.0 2,930.0

5 2018-19 1,21,589 2,58,183 11.70 1,706 1,043.0 278.0 3,027.0

6 2019-20 1,11,657 2,08,219 10.70 1,638 837.0 259.0 2,734.0

7 2020-21 3,41,292 7,28,446 15.79 2,606 1,732.9 205.4 4,544.3

7 2021-22 1,40,123 2,91,783 14.75 2,572 1,911.0 188.0 4,671.0

9 2022-23 55,293 1,38,871 10.58 1,801 878.5 182.5 2,862.0

(Up to
18.01.2023)

Total 13,33,099 26,48,411 110.0 16,330 9,531 1,963 27,825

Source: Panchayat Raj & Rural Development Department, Government of Telangana

Panchayat Raj and Rural Development 193

13.4.2 Performance of districts:
For the year 2022-23 (up to 18.01.2023) 24 districts in the state have surpassed their targeted person days
and nearly all districts have achieved more than 80% of their target except Kamareddy district being at 64%
(Fig. 13.7).

Person Days Targeted Vs Generated (as on 18.01.2023)

Sl. Person days (Lakhs)
District % Achievement
No Targeted Generated
1 Adilabad 36.5 30.6 84%
2 Bhadradri Kothagudem 36.9 43.5 118%
3 Hanumakonda 12.8 15.7 122%
4 Jagtial 24.4 25.5 105%
5 Jangaon 24.6 29.7 121%
6 Jayashankar Bhupalpally 18.9 28.6 151%
7 Jogulamba Gadwal 22.4 25.3 113%
8 Kamareddy 64.7 41.4 64%
9 Karimnagar 20.4 23.4 115%
10 Khammam 45.3 52.2 115%
11 Kumuram Bheem Asifabad 29.7 29.6 100%
12 Mahabubabad 34.8 50.1 144%
13 Mahabubnagar 25.4 26.8 105%
14 Mancherial 26.2 23.5 90%
15 Medak 37.2 37.3 100%
16 Medchal-Malkajgiri 1.3 1.5 109%
17 Mulugu 18.2 19.4 107%
18 Nagarkurnool 25.2 34.1 135%
19 Nalgonda 66.1 52.6 80%
20 Narayanpet 18.6 19 102%
21 Nirmal 41 44.6 109%
22 Nizamabad 49.4 56.4 114%
23 Peddapalli 18.5 22.2 121%
24 Rajanna Sircilla 19 21.8 115%
25 Rangareddy 30.1 25.6 85%
26 Sangareddy 39.3 42.9 109%
27 Siddipet 46.4 45.6 98%
28 Suryapet 51.7 60.4 117%
29 Vikarabad 50.1 49.2 98%
30 Wanaparthy 22 25.8 117%
31 Warangal 17.7 23.2 131%
32 Yadadri Bhuvanagiri 25.1 26.9 107%
State Average 31.25 32.95 105%

194 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Figure 13.7. Achievement of districts based on physical performance
in terms of person days (as of 18.01.2023)
151%

144%

135%

131%

122%

121%
121%

118%

117%

117%

115%

115%
115%

114%

113%

109%

109%

109%

107%

107%

105%

105%
105%

102%

100%

100%

98%

98%

90%

85%

84%

80%

64%
Source: Panchayat Raj & Rural Development Department, Government of Telangana

13.4.3 Expenditure under 13.4.4 Key aspects of the

MGNREGS: implementation of MGNREGS
An amount of Rs.2,862 crore has been incurred • Job Cards: MGNREGS Job Cards are valid for at
as expenditure during the year as on 18-01-2023, least 5 years, after which they are reissued with
of which 62.93% (Rs. 1,801 crore) is the wage due verification. As of date, 13,33,099 job cards
component, 30.70% (Rs. 878 crore) is the material were issued covering 26,48,411 individuals.
cost and 6.38% (Rs. 182.5 crore) is the cost of
• Mobile Monitoring System: NMMS is a mobile
administration.
phone-based technology that has been
Figure 13.8. Expenditure customised for the MGNREGS field staff for
distribution during 2022-23 capturing daily attendance and photographs of
wage seekers. The data which is captured from
the mobile application is accessible through the
182.50 web reports in the portal resulting in enhanced
6% transparency and accountability.

• Transaction-based online application

878.50 Wage RAGAS (Rashtra Grameena Abhivruddi
31% Samacharam): It is a highly comprehensive
Material
Admin and end-to-end transaction-based application
1801.00
wherein the user can access all the MIS reports
63%
that offer information related to employment
generation, physical performance, expenditure
incurred and reports related to work.
Source: Panchayat Raj & Rural Development Department,
Government of Telangana

Panchayat Raj and Rural Development 195

• Quality Control Wing: An exclusive Quality
13.5.1 Institution & Capacity
Control Wing has been established under the
Building
Chief Quality Control Officer for verifying the
quality of the works and for inspecting them • Community-Based Organisations (CBO): A total
regularly. Every month each Q.C team is allotted of 46.10 lakh women have been organised into
at least 60 works by the system on a random 4.30 lakh SHGs, in the state of which 92,903
basis based on the expenditure. SHGs have been formed after the formation
of the state. There are 6,127 SHGs formed
• Grievance Redressal / Call Centre: Grievance
by 42,943 Persons with Disabilities. All the
redressal rules were notified and a full-fledged
groups are further organised into 17,978 Village
complaint cell has been established. Applicants
Organisations.
can file complaints by calling a toll-free number
(1800-200-1001) or by lodging their complaints • Social Category-wise coverage: The SHGs
on the website ([Link]. consist of 10.00 lakh members from the
[Link]). Scheduled Castes, 6.39 lakh from the Scheduled
Tribes, 24.99 lakh from Backward Castes and
• Social Audit and Follow-up of Social Audit
1.52 lakh minority communities.
findings by the Vigilance Wing: Independent
directorate of the Society for Social Audit • Community Investment Fund/ Revolving Fund
Accountability & Transparency (SSAAT) Grant: An amount of Rs.116.60 crore has
established in collaboration with the Government been given as a grant to Community-Based
and social activists have been functioning in the Organisations from 2015 to December 2022.
state since 2009. SSAAT’s mission is to promote
the empowerment of rural communities directly 13.5.2 Financial Access
benefiting from welfare schemes, minimization of SERP is facilitating bank linkages for SHG members
leakages and wastage of public funds. Findings and promoting diversified livelihoods to augment
of the Social Audit are presented before the the income of the poor under the SHG-Bank linkage
Gram Sabha and Block Public Hearing. A Special programme.
Vigilance Wing is formed at the State level and
at each district for the follow-up of social audit Since the formation of the State, under SHG
findings. Bank linkage, the amount disbursed to the SHGs
almost tripled from Rs.3,738.67 crore in 2014-15
13.5 Society for Elimination to Rs.12,684.59 crore up to 18th January 2022-
of Rural Poverty (SERP) 23. The State Government in association with the
Mandal Samakhyas of SERP, and other Town Level
SERP is a sensitive and supportive structure of the
Federations have created the Stree Nidhi Credit Co-
Government to facilitate social mobilisation of the
operative Federation Ltd. (Stree Nidhi) as an apex
poorest of poor in the rural areas of the state, except
cooperative society for financing SHGs. SHGs Mobile
in the urban district of Hyderabad. It works for the
Accounting App has been developed for seamless
promotion and strengthening of self-managed
record keeping of the details of the financial
and financially sustainable community-based
transactions of the members, SHGs and Village
organisations that are owned and controlled by
Organisations (VOs).
the poorest of the poor. On the supply side, SERP
has given a special focus on 100% coverage of 13.5.3 Human Development:
marginalised communities. On the demand side of SHGs as a lever for change
the problem, it works by building and nurturing Self
Help Groups (SHGs) of women and their federations. Human Development is one of the core focus areas
in SERP’s larger goal of alleviating poverty. It focuses
on enabling institutional platforms to build the

196 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

capacities of SHG women to improve their quality of training. In addition 3,28,567 SHG Level Gender
of life by availing government services in health, point persons and 31,571 VO Level Gender point
nutrition, sanitation, safe drinking water, hygiene, persons have been identified.
and Gender etc., There are 4 major interventions
SAC members and Gender Point Persons are
under the Human Development Component.
supposed to deal with the issues through counselling
[Link] SHG 2nd Meeting mode which were reported to Mandal Samakhya
(Dwiteya) and Zilla Samakhya by the Women victims.

SHGs have to conduct a meeting called ‘Dwiteya’ [Link] Nutri Garden as an

on the second fortnight of every month to facilitate additional source of income
discussion on specific themes. The session would
The Nutri Garden programme has been promoted to
be conducted in such a manner where the members
ensure an adequate supply of local vegetables and
would discuss, get actively involved in activities
fruits and to promote dietary diversification among
and games, watch videos on the best practices and
rural communities. Depending on the number of
interact with each other on the themes related to a
households in the village, 2 or more women from
balanced diet, hand washing & hygiene, Anaemia
SHGs with some land are selected and motivated
prevention, maternal and child nutrition, infant and
to grow vegetables. The beneficiary shall have more
young child feeding practices, the importance of
than 1/2 acre of land with sufficient water facility
first 1000 days in a baby’s life, menstrual hygiene,
and be willing to raise Nutri Garden and sell only
household sanitation, communicable diseases,
at village point. So far 1,022 Nutri Gardens and
immunisation, challenging gender discriminatory
3,78,940 Household backyard kitchen gardens have
norms, etc., 1,82,377 SHGs are trained in these
been initiated
meetings in 235 mandals under phase-1 and 81,302
SHGs trained in 30 mandals under phase-2. [Link] Community Managed
[Link] Gender sensitisation Rehabilitation Services:
SERP has initiated Gender sensitisation activities to Community Managed Rehabilitation Services (CMRS)

the SHGs on various gender-related issues such as is one of the critical components of Government

eradication of dowry harassment, woman trafficking, interventions through SERP, focusing on providing

child labour, child marriages and redressal of family Rehabilitation Services and enhancing livelihood,

disputes, awareness camps on legal rights, hygiene functioning, and community-integration of Persons

of women and adolescent girls and providing moral with Disabilities and their families.

support to victims by Social Action Committees Nearly 2,500 families of persons with disabilities in
(SACs) through Community Managed Family rural areas are getting rehabilitation services through
Counselling Centres (CMFCCs) at district and mandal Neighbourhood centres in 74 mandals of 26 districts.
level from 2006. These CMFCCs are seen as a forum
for alternate dispute resolution systems in a society 13.5.4 Farm Livelihoods
where a woman approaching the formal redressal
system is still taboo.
[Link] FARMER PRODUCER
ORGANISATIONS.
Active SHG women are identified as members of
SACs. Preference is given to Single women and • Farmers from the SHG groups have been
widows aged between 35-55 years. The selected mobilised and formed as Farmer Producer
members are trained on the legal rights and Groups (FPGs) for creating a platform for
entitlements of women. So far 1623 members have connecting them with the institutional buyers,
been identified from 541 Mandals @ 3 members per strengthening the supply chain and maximising
mandal and 1,096 of them have been given 3 days the value capture in the process.

Panchayat Raj and Rural Development 197

• So far 7,132 FPGs have been formed with
[Link] Custom Hiring Centres.
1,13,381 small and marginal farmers consisting
of 55,502 BCs, 26,035 SCs, 1,642 STs and Custom Hiring Centre is a one-stop solution for farm
1,637 from minority communities. These FPGs equipment owned and managed by community-
were federated into 65 Farmer Producer based organisations to meet the local needs of
Organizations/Companies (FPCs/ FPOs) to Women farmers. Services of these centres can be
focus on procurement and quality aspects
utilised on a hire basis and on prior notice. The Unit
and to deal with market and market-related
cost of each CHC ranges from 25 lakhs to 30 lakhs.
aspects covering 31 districts. 2,620 FPGs have
246 Custom hiring centres have been established
established tool banks with 5,935 implements
and operationalised during the last 3 years 2020– 23
like Taiwan sprayer, and power weeder etc.,
(up to December 2022) years. The Establishment of
• FPCs trade either through a state-level federation another 39 Custom Hiring Centres is in the process.
named Benishan FPC or with local traders. An amount of Rs. 396.26 crore including a 25% Grant
The State-level federation was established in from NRLM (National Rural Livelihoods Mission)has
September 2019 and looks after the marketing been released so far to CHCs.
needs of all the district-level FPOs and has dealt
with 44 types of products which includes fruits 13.5.5 Livestock Livelihood
and vegetables, spices, pulses and processed Units
products and achieved a turnover of Rs.56.58
crore during the last 5 years. Marketing tie- As a part of Livelihood intervention, SERP has been
ups have been made with Metro, Polimeras, focusing on livestock-based livelihoods in rural areas
Ratnadeep, Reliance and e-platforms like with an objective to create additional and sustainable
Bigbasket etc., income with a special focus on the Poorest of the

• Under the PM-FME (Pradhan Mantri Poor, SC & ST families with essential backward &
Formalisation of Micro Food Processing forward linkages by promoting the rearing of Small
Enterprises Scheme - Athmanirbhar scheme) Ruminant animals and backyard poultry.
scheme, so far 1,22,98 existing enterprises were
identified and recommended to SNA (State
[Link] Livestock Farmer
Nodal Agency) for release of “seed capital fund” Producer Groups
for an amount of Rs. 48.32 crore. Among these,
2,913 Livestock Farmer Producer Groups were
Rs. 34.84 crore funds were released to 8,867
formed covering 48,371 members. So far, Rs.603.50
enterprises. Under the higher-order enterprise’s
Lakh has been released to 2,118 Livestock Farmer
subsidy scheme, 4,442 DPRs with an amount of
producer groups towards the operational costs,
Rs. 170.35 Crore were prepared and submitted
purchase of veterinary equipment and as a revolving
to respective banks for credit linkage.
fund. Besides, Rs.31.00 Lakh has been released to
Figure 13.9. Social Category- 31 Livestock Farmer Producer Groups towards Ram
wise Member in FPGs - 2022 lamb rearing and Rs.19.60 Lakh have been released
1637 to 45 members of Livestock Farmer Producer Groups
2%
for the purchase of breeding rams.
19642
17%
Backward Castes
Others
[Link] Pashumitras
55502
Scheduled Castes
49% Pashu Mitras are trained persons for guiding the
26035 Scheduled Tribes
23%
Minority farmers who are in animal husbandry by providing
10565 them assistance for better management of the major
9%
farm animals, medical care, artificial insemination,
etc. using various equipment and technology.
Source: Panchayat Raj & Rural Development Department,
Government of Telangana Under the Livestock Livelihoods initiative, SERP

198 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

has imparted training to 2,359 Pashumitras so far
D. Aajeevika Grameen Express
by incurring an expenditure of Rs. 176.92 Lakh. Yojana (AGEY):
These Pashu Mitras will work in liaison with the
Government Veterinary Officer and treat 27,82,591 AGEY is a sub-scheme of NRLM (National Rural
animals. 2,155 Pashumitras have been supported Livelihoods Mission) which facilitates the SHG
with equipment (First-Aid Medical Kit) worth Rs. women to avail Interest-free loans for carrying out
43.11 Lakh. Refresher Training was given to 1,004 transportation activities as their Livelihoods. Under
Pashumitras with an amount of Rs. 45.18 Lakhs. this Scheme, upto December 2022, 85 vehicles worth
Additional training on Artificial Insemination skills Rs.2.55 crore have been given to SHGs.
was imparted to 135 Pashumitras with a worth of
E. Sale of Articles of Rural
Rs. 82.35 Lakhs and 6 days of training to 132 SHG
Artisans Society (SARAS)
women on First-Aid Veterinary services @ Rs. 12.75
Regional Fairs:
Lakhs.
SARAS Fairs aim at facilitating and motivating the
13.5.6. Non-Farm Livelihoods beneficiaries of Self Help Groups (SHGs) to exhibit
As part of Rural Non-Farm Livelihoods activities, and sell their products and provide them with an
Paddy procurement, Enterprise Financing / opportunity to increase their market reach thereby
Rural Startups promotion, Start-up Village increasing their earning potential. Since the formation
Entrepreneurship Program (SVEP) and Marketing of of the state, SARAS Fairs (yearly once or twice) have
SHG products by organising National Level SARAS been organised by the state government.
Fairs at Hyderabad are the major initiatives taken
up by the Community Based Organisations(CBOs) of Table 13.10 - SARAS Fairs
the SERP. organised in the State
A. Start Up Village S. Sales
Entrepreneurship Project (SVEP): No
Year Venue Visitors
(Rs. lakh)
People's Plaza,
Under Start-up Village Entrepreneurship Program 1 2016-17 Necklace Road, 2,14,000 202.82
Hyderabad
(SVEP) which is being implemented in the (10)
2017-18
Districts, i.e., Nagarkurnool, Mulugu, Rangareddy, HMDA Ground,
2 Besides I-MAX 3,85,000 185
Sangareddy, Narayanpet, Nalgonda, Bhadradri (1st
Theatre, Hyderabad
Kothagudem, Adilabad, Siddipet and Warangal SARAS)
2017-18 Telangana Kala
11,171 units have been established so far. 3 (2nd Bharathi (NTR 1,20,640 161.35
SARAS) Stadium), Hyderabad
B. Enterprise Financing / Rural Event was not
Startups: 4 2018-19 organised due to
Election code
The major objective of enterprise financing taken up 2019-20 Telangana Kala
by SERP is to create 5-8 model enterprises (New) 5 (1st Bharathi (NTR 2,42,850 260.62
SARAS) Stadium), Hyderabad
each in all the 17,952 VOs, in 32 Districts of the state,
2019-20 Event was not
SERP facilitated the orientation programs to the 6 (2nd organised due to
District Teams for smooth grounding of enterprises. SARAS) COVID
1,02,425 New Enterprises worth Rs.1,335.55 crore 7 2020-21
People's Plaza, PVNR
have been grounded during 2022-23. 8 2021-22 Marg (Necklace Road), 1,98,186 152.66
Hyderabad
C. Procurement of Paddy: People's Plaza, PVNR
9 2022-23 Marg (Necklace Road), 4,17,810 288.36
The Village Organizations promoted by SERP have Hyderabad
procured 20.19 lakh metric tons of Paddy from 3.23 Nearly 150 SHG members from the state and 200
lakh farmers under MSP(Minimum Support Price) members from other states are regularly participating
during 2022-23 (Rabhi & Kharif Seasons) through in the events. On average 20 to 40 SHG members
1,479 Paddy Procurement Centers established
from the state are participating in the SARAS Melas
across the state and procured Paddy worth of Rs.
conducted by other states.
4,132.23 Crore. The Village organisations earned a
commission of Rs. 64.63 crore.

Panchayat Raj and Rural Development 199

13.5.7 Awards Having achieved these outcomes, SBM(G) Phase-
II is now focusing on the need to sustain the gains
Two community-based organisations (CBO) of SERP made under the Mission and climb the sanitation
have been conferred awards on 08.03.2022 on the ladder managing solid and liquid wastes in line
eve of International Women’s Day. Atma Nirbhar with State flagship program- Palle Pragathi. All the
Sanghatan award is given by the Ministry of Rural 12,769 Gram Panchayats in the state have attained
Development, GoI by acknowledging the performance the status of ODF plus. The state government is now
of Adarsha Mandal Samkhya, Narsampeta, focusing on 4 key components of ODF Plus i.e. (i) ODF
Warangal District and to the Nandigama mandal Sustainability, (ii) Solid Waste Management (SWM)
Samakhya, Nandigama, Rangareddy District including Bio-degradable Waste Management

13.6 Swachh Bharat (BWM) and Plastic Waste Management (PWM), (iii)
Liquid Waste Management (LWM) and (iv) Visible
Mission (Gramin) cleanliness.
To accelerate the efforts to achieve universal
sanitation coverage and to put the focus on
Table 13.11 % of Total ODF Plus
sanitation, the Prime Minister of India had launched Villages
the Swachh Bharat Mission on 2nd October 2014. Telangana 100
Tamil Nadu 93
Under the mission, all villages, Gram Panchayats,
Karnataka 83
Districts, States and Union Territories in India Goa 54
MP 53
declared themselves “open-defecation free” (ODF) Kerala 37
by 2 October 2019, the 150th birth anniversary Rajasthan 30
Gujarat 30
of Mahatma Gandhi, by constructing over 100 Haryana 29
Odisha 28
million toilets in rural India. To ensure that the Chhattisgarh 28
open defecation-free behaviours are sustained, no Uttar Pradesh 27
AP 24
one is left behind, and that solid and liquid waste Bihar 20
Maharashtra 13
management facilities are accessible, the Mission
Jharkhand 10
is moving towards the next Phase II of SBMG i.e Punjab 6
West Bengal 3
ODF-Plus. ODF Plus activities under Phase II of the
Swachh Bharat Mission (Grameen) will reinforce ODF Source: Swachh Bharat Mission, Ministry of Jal Shakti, Department of
Drinking Water & Sanitation, GOI
behaviours and focus on providing interventions for
the safe management of solid and liquid waste in As per the SBM(G) guidelines the indicators that
villages.
need to be fulfilled by the states under ODF plus
Since the launch of the programme, the state are Villages Having Arrangement of Solid Waste
government has been actively involved in achieving Management, Villages Having Arrangement of
100% coverage of rural sanitation in the State by Liquid Waste Management, Villages with Minimal
taking up the construction of Individual Household Litter, Villages with Minimal Stagnant Water. Based
Latrines (IHHLs) under SBM(G), School toilets and on the different stages of the achievement of these
Anganwadi toilets under MGNREGS. In order to indicators, the villages are categorised as 1. Aspiring,
have more coverage in rural areas, the incentive for 2. Rising, 3. Model. (Annexure-1). The goal under
IHHL (bath com toilet size 4’X6’) was increased to the programme is that all the villages achieve ODF
Rs.12,000/- from 2nd October, 2014, with Central (Model) status at the earliest.
share of Rs.7,200/- and State share of Rs. 4,800/-.
Out of the total 12,769 Gram Panchayats in the state
Owing to the efforts of the government the state 5,476 have achieved the status of ODF Plus Model
has been declared as ODF by constructing over Villages, accounting for 43% of total villages. Kerala
31,55,964 toilets in the last five years, out of which, has 34% of its villages declared as Model Villages,
19,26,592 toilets were constructed under SBM(G) as whereas Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tamil
on 31st December, 2022. Nadu each have fewer than 5%.

200 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Delta ranking scores are being conferred regularly
Table 13.12 Telangana on key
to the districts to measure the achievement of the
indicators of SBMG as of 23rd
ODF plus indicators. These Delta rankings are
categorised into 5 types. of . 1. Aspirants (score of
January 2023.
0-25), Performers (score of 25-50) 3. Achievers Number
% of
(score 50-75), 4. High Achievers (score of 75-100) 5. Key Indicators of
villages
Front Runners (score of 100). They will be given a villages
Villages having an
star rating from one star to five stars. Rajanna Sircilla
arrangement of Solid
district is the only district in the country which has 100% 12,769
Waste Management
achieved the status of Front Runner scoring 5 stars. (SWM)
Three (Karimnagar, Peddapalli and Medchal) out of Villages with Minimal Litter 99.8% 12,745
six High Achiever districts (conferred 4 Stars) in the Villages with Minimal
99.7% 12,736
Stagnant water
country are from the state. Based on Delta ranking
Villages Having
Scores as of 23rd January 2023, Karimnagar, and Arrangement of Liquid 49.5% 6,332
Peddapalli topped the district rankings, while Waste Management
Medchal ranked sixth in the country. Source: Ministry of Jal Shakti, Department of Drinking Water &
Sanitation, Government of India

13.6.1 Awards
Telangana won the first prize in the large states category under the Swachh Survekshan Grameena (SSG) 2022
for sanitation maintenance work in the rural areas of the state. In addition, the state has been conferred many
awards in different categories on 02.10.2022 on the eve of the Swachh Bharat Divas.

Table 13.13
S.
PRESENTED BY CONFERRED TO CATEGORY
No
Smt. Droupadi Murmu,
State – 1st position for Overall
1 Hon’ble President of Swachh Survekshan Grameen -2022
Top States (Large States)
India
2 Ministry of Jal Shakti State – 1st position Sujalam 1.0 Campaign
3 Ministry of Jal Shakti State – 2nd position Sujalam 2.0 Campaign
National Wall Painting competition on ODF
4 Ministry of Jal Shakti State – 1st position
Plus – Biodegradable Waste Management
National Wall Painting competition on ODF
5 Ministry of Jal Shakti State – 1st position
Plus – Gobardhan
National Wall Painting competition on ODF
6 Ministry of Jal Shakti State – 1st position
Plus – Plastic Waste Management
National Wall Painting competition on ODF
7 Ministry of Jal Shakti State – 1st position
Plus – Greywater Management
National Wall Painting competition on ODF
8 Ministry of Jal Shakti State – 1st position
Plus – Faecal sludge Management
9 Ministry of Jal Shakti District – 2nd position ( Jagtial) Swachh Survekshan Grameen -2022
District – 3rd position (
10 Ministry of Jal Shakti Swachh Survekshan Grameen -2022
Nizamabad)
District – 2nd position (
11 Ministry of Jal Shakti SSG-2022 - Overall Top District Zone Wise
Nizamabad)
District – 3rd position (
12 Ministry of Jal Shakti SSG-2022- Overall Top District Zone Wise
Bhadradri Kothagudem)
Gram Panchayat – 2nd
Position Nukalampadu Gram
13 Ministry of Jal Shakti National Film Competition from GPs
Panchayat of Enkur Mandal of
Khammam District

Panchayat Raj and Rural Development 201

13.7. Sansad Adarsh Gram year) will be selected and developed by 2024. SAGY
will keep the soul of rural India alive while providing
Yojana (SAGY): its people with quality access to basic amenities and
Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY) was launched opportunities to enable them to shape their own
on 11th October, 2014 with the aim to translate the destinies.
comprehensive vision of Mahatma Gandhi about
Ministry of Rural Development, GoI, ranked the SAGY
an ideal Indian village into a reality, keeping in view
villages based on different parameters including
the present context. Under SAGY, each Member of
Gram Panchayat conducting Environmental
Parliament adopts a Gram Panchayat and guides
awareness activities, completing and uploading
its holistic progress giving importance for social
baseline survey details, whether the draft Village
development at par with infrastructure. The ‘Adarsh
Development Plan got clearance of Gram Sabha,
Grams (Model Villages)’ are to become schools of
number of non-infrastructure projects completed,
local development and governance, inspiring other
number of economic and livelihood activities taken
Gram Panchayats.
up etc.,
The goal was to develop three Adarsh Grams by
During 2022-23, 11 out of the top 20 performing
March 2019, of which one was to be achieved by
SAGY villages in the country are from Telangana.
2016. Thereafter, five such Adarsh Grams (one per

Table 13.14 : Performance of Telanagana under SAGY

Percentage
[Link] District Block/Mandal Panchayat Rank
Score
1 Yadadri Alair Kolanpaka 99.98 1
2 Yadadri Bhongir Wadaparthy 99.98 1
3 Karimnagar Saidapur Vennampally 99.97 3
4 Nizamabad Nizamabad Palda 99.97 3
5 Kumram Bheem(Asifabad) Jainoor Marlawai 99.92 8
6 Adilabad Bela Guda 99.90 9
7 Adilabad Boath Wajar 99.90 9
8 Nalgonda Nampalle Nampally 99.86 13
9 Nalgonda Nalgonda Buddaram 99.81 15
10 Siddipet Akkannapeta Choutapalli 99.79 16
11 Jagtial Ibrahimpatnam Mularampur 99.61 17

13.8 Shyama Prasad Fund(CGF) of Rs. 220.20 crore have been utilised
for the execution of various works in the 17 Rurban
Mukherjee Rurban Mission clusters sanctioned to the state covering 14,200
(National Rurban Mission) villages..

Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission (SPMRM) Best Practices implemented under the mission are
was launched in 2016 by the Government of India the establishment of solar on-grid connectivity
with the mission of stimulating local economic to gram panchayat buildings and educational
development, enhancing basic services by creating institutions in the clusters reducing the burden of
well planned clusters. electricity charges. Skill development needs of the
clusters have been integrated with the activities of
So far Rs. 1,638.00 crore, which includes convergence the Employment Generation Marketing Mission.
funds of Rs. 1,417.80 crore and Critical Gap

202 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

13.9 Employment 13.10 Way Forward
Generation Marketing Villages are an integral part of the state’s economy
Mission (EGMM) and society. With 61.12% of the total population
Employment Generation Marketing Mission of Telangana residing in rural areas, it is critical to
(EGMM) is established in the state to coordinate focus on improving governance for this section of the
the employment initiatives in the Rural Areas of the population. With the passage of the Panchayati Raj
State and it is the implementing agency for Deen Act 2018, implementation of flagship schemes such
Dayal Upadyaya Grameen Koushalya Yojana (DDU- as Palle Pragathi and Haritha Haram, and leveraging
GKY) project. DDU-GKY is the skilling and placement technology for data-driven local governance,
initiative of the Ministry of Rural Development Telangana Government has been making incremental
(MoRD), Government of India. The skilled youth are leaps towards realising the demographic dividend of
provided assistance in placement with jobs having its rural populace. .
regular monthly wages at or above the minimum
wages. It is one of the clusters of initiatives of the Evidently, the Telangana Government’s policies and
Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India actions resonate the fundamental concept of ‘Gram
that seeks to promote rural livelihood. It is a part of Swaraj’ as mentioned in the Directive Principles of
the National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM) - the State Policy of the Constitution by balancing the
Mission for poverty reduction called Aajeevika. wheels of development and governance through the
strengthening of service delivery, accountability, and
After the formation of the state, the Employment demand in rural areas. The Government is leveraging
Generation and Marketing Mission has been technology in building nested supervision and
entrusted with 2 projects. Each project should have a supportive supervision and citizen accountability
time period of 3 years and specific targets have been systems through the ecosystem of apps developed
fixed by the empowered committee of the Ministry of for PS Self-reporting and inspections.
Rural Development, GoI. The execution of Project 1
has been completed and the execution of Project 2 The Government is committed to accentuating its
is in progress. efforts to scale its legacy of bringing landmark
reforms across all the key areas pertaining to the
Project 1 (2016-19) : The physical target for Project development of the rural masses. These would
1, was 47,311 and the cost of the project was Rs.302 include greater access to credit, deepening of
Crore funded by the Centre and State in the ratio of forward and backward linkages, and adoption of
60:40 respectively. Out of the target, 41,409 youth sector-appropriate technologies, leading to the
were trained and placements have been provided to strengthening of the community-level institutions
18,486 of them with a minimum wage of Rs.9,300 that are key to achieving the desired development
per month. outcomes.

Project 2 (2019-22): The physical target under Priority should be given to empowering local
Project 2 is 90,000 with an outlay of Rs. 817.94 Crore governments to fulfil their potential as development
funded by the Centre and State in the ratio of 60:40 actors to ensure effective, coherent and accountable
respectively. The Project Approval Committee (PAC) development through bottom-up and demand-
of the state has extended the implementation period driven cooperation. Guided by values of democracy
of the project by one year i.e., 2019-23 due to the and modernisation, Telangana is gradually inching
pandemic COVID-19. towards the realisation of ‘Bangaru Telangana’.

Panchayat Raj and Rural Development 203

 CHAPTER

14
URBAN
DEVELOPMENT

204 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

 Key Highlights
l The estimated share of Telangana’s l In order to reduce the harms from
population living in urban areas is heavy rainfall in Hyderabad, the
47.6% in 2023, whereas only 35.1% Greater Hyderabad Municipal
of India’s total population lives Corporation (GHMC) initiated
in urban areas. Hence, the urban the Strategic Nala Development
population of Telangana is projected Programme (SNDP), and a budget of
to be 12.5 percentage points higher Rs. 340 crore was allocated towards
than that of the country, and this the same in 2022-23.
gap is expected to increase to 18.3
percentage points by 2036. l South India’s largest Waste to Energy
(WtE) plant was commissioned in
l Telangana’s urban areas had a Jawahar nagar in 2021. It started
Labour Force Participation Rate as a 19.8 MW plant, and was later
(LFPR) and Worker Population upgraded to a 24 MW plant, and
Ratio (WPR) of 55.7% and 51.2% consumes around 1300 to 1500
respectively in 2020-21, higher than metric tonnes of waste per day, and
the national level LFPR and WPR of will be upgraded to a 48 MW plant
53.7% and 49.9% respectively. soon.

l A majority of urban workers in l Owing to the state’s efforts in

Telangana (51%) have a regular or improving garbage collection,
salaried job. 100% of Telangana’s urban wards
had door-to-door waste collection
l Hyderabad has been recognised as facilities in 2022-23 as per Ministry of
“Tree City of the World - 2021” by the Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA).
Arbor Day Foundation and the Food
and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) l 23 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs)
of the United Nations for the second of Telangana bagged Swachh
consecutive year. Survekshan awards, 2022 conducted
by the MoHUA, Government of
l Hyderabad has been honoured with India. These awards were given
the “World Green City Award 2022” for ‘Fast Moving City’, ‘Clean City’,
at the International Association of ‘Self Sustainable City’, ‘Innovations
Horticulture Producers (AIPH) 2022, and Best Practices’ and ‘Citizens
organised in Jeju, South Korea. The Feedback’. In addition to these, 3
city also won in the category ‘Living ULBs have been awarded in the
Green for Economic Recovery and Indian Swachhta League Awards
Inclusive Growth”. 2022.

l In order to deal with global warming l According to Asia Pacific

and climate change, the Urban Local Sustainability Index 2021, Hyderabad
Bodies (ULBs) in Telangana have has been ranked among top 20 most
kept aside 10% of their expenditure sustainable cities in Asia Pacific
for a ‘Green Budget’. region and is ranked third among
Indian cities.

Urban Development 205

14.1 The Urban Landscape Figure 14.1 Projected Share
(%) of Urban Population for
Jan Gehl, a Danish architect and global leader in
Telangana and India
urban design famously said that first we shape cities,
then they shape us. People shape cities by creating
(2011-2036)
built environments that boost liveability, productivity, 57.3

and connectivity, eventually attracting more people

from all around to these cities. Urbanisation – the
47.6
movement of people from rural to urban areas –
leads to fast-paced growth, which is accompanied
by creation of job opportunities, infrastructure 38.9 39.1

development, and better economic, political, & 35.1

social mileages compared to rural areas. However, 31.1

urbanization also brings with it challenges such as 2011 2023 2036

congestion, population and traffic, housing shortage,

Telangana India
growth of slums, inadequate civic amenities & jobs,
and environmental pollution. Urban policies aim to
Source: Population Projections for India and States 2011-2036
minimise these costs while maximising the benefits (National Commission on Population, Ministry of Health and Family
Welfare, Government of India; 2020)
of the cityscape and ensuring that gains are fairly
distributed across genders and social classes. Figure 14.2 shows the district-wise share of the urban
population in Telangana as per Census 2011. 29 out
Telangana is one of the rapidly urbanising states in of the 33 districts in the state have fewer than 50%
the country. The State has been striving to create a of their populations residing in urban areas. More
sustainable and equitable urban biosphere within the people live in urban areas than in the rural areas
in 4 districts in the state – Hyderabad, Medchal-
state since its formation in 2014. As per population
Malkajgiri, Warangal-Urban, and Rangareddy.
projections released by the National Commission
on Population (Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Figure 14.2 District-wise Share
Government of India), 47.6% of the state’s population
(%) of Population Living in
(1.8 crore) is expected to reside in urban areas in
Urban Areas (2011)
the year 2023. This is projected to further increase
to 57.3% (2.3 crore) by 2036 (see Figure 14.1) – an
increase of 9.8 percentage points between the two
years. In the same period, at the national level,
the percentage of urban residents is expected to
increase from 35.1% in 2023 to 39.1% by 2036. This
reflects a 4.0 percentage point rise in the share of
urban population in the country as a whole.

This implies that in the year 2023, the urban

population of Telangana is projected to be 12.5
percentage points higher than that of the country, and
this gap is expected to increase to 18.3 percentage
points by 2036. Thus, not only is Telangana more
urbanised than India, but also, it is urbanising at a
faster pace than the country as a whole.

Source: Census, 2011

206 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

The largest urban area in the state is Hyderabad, implemented in 2020-21, while the third phase and
which occupies only 0.6% of Telangana’s total land the fourth phase were completed in 2021-22 and
area, but houses over 20% of the total population of 2022-23 respectively.
the state.
Under Pattana Pragathi, during 2021-22, the
In spite of its high population density, Hyderabad has Government released Rs.112 crore each month, of
been awarded the overall “World Green City Award which Rs.59 crore was allocated to GHMC, while the
2022” at the International Association of Horticulture rest was shared among the remaining 141 ULBs. In
Producers (AIPH), 2022 held in Jeju, South Korea on 2022-23, the Government has been releasing Rs.
October 14. The city also won in the category ‘Living 116 crore each month.
Green for Economic Recovery and Inclusive Growth”.
These funds have been used to address infrastructural
The development of more prosperous urban areas gaps to meet the goals of citizen-centric service
is a primary policy goal of the Government of delivery by the ULBs. Prominent projects address
Telangana, and the goal is being achieved through the felt needs in the areas of sanitation and waste
the 142 Urban Local Bodies present across the state. management, provision of public toilets, designing
public spaces like gardens, markets, graveyards
14.2 Urban Infrastructure and animal shelters, and making concerted efforts
Urban infrastructure refers to fundamental facilities towards greenifying the urban areas.
that form the “internal structure” of a city, and To improve the sanitation facilities, 141 ULBs
are essential for people’s survival in urban areas. (excluding GHMC) purchased 2,165 new sanitation
It consists of facilities such as drinking water vehicles, adding to the existing fleet of 2,548
provisioning, sanitation, sewage systems, electricity sanitation vehicles in the state. Taken together, the
and gas distribution, urban transport, primary fleet can collect 100% (4,356 tonnes per day) of the
health services, and environmental regulation. urban garbage produced by these ULBs on any given
The availability, accessibility, and affordability of day. Additionally, there are 5,250 (4,500 GHMC+750
infrastructure in urban areas are key indicators of private) Public Address System-equipped sanitation
urban economic development. Creation of urban vehicles in GHMC that work on door-to-door
infrastructure, however, is expensive and time collection of dry, wet, and hazardous solid waste.
consuming, and therefore requires the Government to
play a major role. The Government of Telangana has While garbage collection is essential, funds were
given a massive push to the sector by undertaking also devoted towards processing of this garbage. In
significant investments to build and maintain the 141 ULBs (excluding GHMC), there are 224 compost
infrastructure in the urban areas of the state. sheds/beds and 205 Dry Resource Collection Centres
(DRCC). Over Rs. 428 crore has been sanctioned for
14.2.1 Pattana Pragathi the construction of Faecal Sludge Treatment Plants
(FSTPs) in 139 ULBs, with a capacity of processing
Pattana Pragathi, which literally translates to city
2,060 kilo litres of sludge each day.
development, is one of the flagship programmes
of the Government. It was launched in February, In addition to the garbage collection and treatment
2020 with the objective of ensuring basic amenities, infrastructure, the Pattana Pragathi funds were used
sanitation in towns, and creating detailed plans for to build public toilets. The Government accomplished
the unprecedented future demands of urbanisation. the aim of constructing one public toilet per thousand
people in urban areas by building 4,118 toilets in
Pattana Pragathi was executed in four phases – the
2022, taking the total count of public toilets to 9,088
first of which focussed on developing urban utility
(5,448 for males and 3,640 for females). Additionally,
infrastructure, the second on sanitation, and the
the maintenance of all toilets is ensured through
third on both urban utility infrastructure as well as
app-based online checking through 18 parameters
sanitation. Phases I and II of Pattana Pragathi were
on Tuesdays & Fridays every week.

Urban Development 207

The ULBs also utilised these funds to meet the infrastructure. This includes the construction of 368
targets of Telaganaku Haritha Haram (TKHH) - a open gyms, 2,676 sheds in street vending zones
government policy to improve urban forestry and (1,294 completed and 1,382 under construction),
increase forest land cover in Telangana from 24% to animal care shelters in 20 districts – one in each
33%. Under the scheme, the ULBs have established district, 445 Vaikuntha Dhamams (296 completed
1,012 nurseries till 2022. Further, in 2022, 309 lakh & 149 under construction), and 137 integrated veg
plants were raised against the target of 280 lakh and non-veg markets (IVNMCs) (8 completed & 129
plants; 830 Pattana Prakruthi Vanalu (Tree Parks) under progress).
were developed & 33.9 lakh plants were planted in
The efforts under this scheme have borne fruit,
these parks; Multi Layer Avenue Plantations (MLAP)
with 23 ULBs in Telangana winning awards under
were created through plantation of 19.2 lakh plants
Swachh Survekshan, 2022 & 3 under the Indian
(till December, 2022) along 485 kms of road in 284
Sanitation League, 2022 conducted by MoHUA-GOI.
road stretches. The new plants added under TKHH
Table 14.1 presents the awards and titles won by the
are regularly watered, weeded, and maintained to
state in various categories.
ensure a target survival rate of 90%.

Finally, the funds were used to develop utility Table 14.1 Major Awards won

by the Urban Local Bodies of Telangana during Swachh Survekshan

(2022)
S. No. Name of the ULB Category Award
1 Warangal 3 Lakh to 10 Lakh, South Zone Second Fastest Moving City
2 Ghatkesar 50 thousand to 1 Lakh, South Zone Clean City
3 Turkayamjal 50 thousand to 1 Lakh, South Zone Fast Moving City
4 Sircilla 50 thousand to 1 Lakh, South Zone Self Sustainable City
5 Kagaznagar 50 thousand to 1 Lakh, South Zone Second Fast Moving City
6 Jangaon 50 thousand to 1 Lakh, South Zone Third Fast Moving City
7 Kothpally 25 thousand to 50 thousand, South Zone Clean City
8 Korutla 25 thousand to 50 thousand, South Zone Fast Moving city
9 Vemulawada 25 thousand to 50 thousand, South Zone Award in ‘Citizens Feedback’
10 Amangal 25 thousand to 50 thousand, South Zone Second Fast Moving City
11 Gajwel 15 thousand to 25 thousand, South Zone Clean City
12 Kompally 15 thousand to 25 thousand, South Zone Fast Moving City
13 Husnabad 15 thousand to 25 thousand, South Zone Award in ‘Citizens Feedback’
14 Adibatla 15 thousand to 25 thousand, South Zone Self-Sustainable City
15 Gundlapochampally 15 thousand to 25 thousand, South Zone Second Fast Moving City
16 Kothakota 15 thousand to 25 thousand, South Zone Third Fast Moving City
17 Badangpet Less than 15 thousand, South Zone Clean City
18 Chandur Less than 15 thousand, South Zone Fast Moving City
19 Neredcherla Less than 15 thousand, South Zone Award in ‘Citizens Feedback’
20 Chityal Less than 15 thousand, South Zone Innovation and Best Practices
21 Bhootpur Less than 15 thousand, South Zone Self-Sustainable City
22 Wardhanapet Less than 15 thousand, South Zone Second Fast Moving City
Secunderabad
23 Award in ‘Citizens Feedback’ Award in ‘Citizens Feedback’
Cantonment Board
Source: Swachh Survekshan Awards, 2022

208 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Table 14.2 Major Awards won 14.2.3 Animal Care Centres
by the Urban Local Bodies (ACC)
of Telangana during Indian
In order to control the menace of stray animals such
Sanitation League (2022) as dogs, pigs, cattle, monkeys, etc., GHMC has
constructed, and maintains, 5 animal care centres as
Name of the
[Link]. Category per the norms of the Welfare Board of India
ULB
50 thousand to 1 Lakh, GHMC has also established a 1.3 acre dog park at
1 Korutla
South Zone Kondapur at a cost of Rs. 1.1 crore, which is a first-
25 thousand to 50 of-its-kind project in India (International Standards).
2 Peerzadiguda The park has play areas for dogs including a splash
thousand, South Zone
pool, other dog-playing equipment, a walking track,
Less than 15 thousand,
3 Alampur and recreation facilities for pets.
South Zone
Source: Swachh Survekshan Awards, 2022 14.2.4 Innovative Waste
Management Practices
14.2.2 Telangana State Building
Permission and Self-Certification Uncontrolled waste disposal in the face of rapidly
System (TS-bPASS) growing human populations is a frightful danger that
cities are faced with. A 2018 study by the National
The Government of Telangana introduced TS- Environment Engineering Research Institute (NEERI)
bPASS in November, 2020 with the motive of issuing found that Hyderabad has the highest per-capita
seamless and hassle free building plan approvals urban waste generation in the country, producing
to citizens. Under this programme, applications are roughly 0.57 kilograms of urban waste per person
processed under three categories: per day. If controlled and managed in an intelligent
way, the waste can be a valuable source of raw
• Instant Registration – for individual residential
materials, especially considering that many of these
buildings of plot size up to 75 square yards and
raw materials are becoming more and more scarce.
building height of up to 7 metres
In order to reduce the burden of waste on urban
• Instant Approval - for individual residential landfills and the ecosystem, the Government of
buildings of plot size from 75 to 500 square Telangana adopted innovative measures to address
yards and building height of up to 10 metres the problem.

• Single Window System - for permissions to all GoTS commissioned South India’s largest Waste-
residential buildings of above 500 square metres to-Energy (WtE) plant in Jawahar Nagar in 2021. It
and 10 metres height started as a 19.8 MW plant, and was later upgraded
to a 24 MW plant, and consumes around 1300 to
2,262 Instant Registration applications, 38,718
1500 metric tonnes of waste per day. As of January
Instant Approval applications, and 3,332 (Building-
2023, the plant has used up 6.35 lakh tonnes of
3,015 & Lay out - 317) Single Window System
waste, and produced 225 MW of power. This plant
applications were approved by GHMC from April 2022
has been permitted to augment its capacity to 48
to 17th January 2023. The new rules have eliminated
MW, taking the total capacity to 48MW and reducing
the need to obtain building permission for ground
the waste by about 2,500-3,000 MT.
floor and ground plus one floor residential buildings.
It provides tentative layout approval through online Construction of another 14.5 MW waste-to-energy
application. It also provides for the processing of plant with a waste-consumption capacity of 1000-
land use certificates and land conversion certificates. 1200 MT is fast approaching completion in Dundigal.
The WtE plant has the potential to reduce pressure

Urban Development 209

on the landfill, lower the foul odour in the area, and of garbage compared to the same corresponding
prevent ground, soil and water pollution, and is period in 2021.
expected to commence operations by March 2023.
The state’s efforts in improving garbage collection
Another plant of 15 MW capacity, proposed to be set have borne fruit, and as of 2022-23, data from
up on 150 acres of government land in Pyaranagar MoHUA suggests that 100% of Telangana’s urban
of Sangareddy district, promises to bring down wards have door-to-door waste collection facilities.
transportation costs too by offering in situ storage In addition, Hyderabad improved its ranking in
and treatment options for processing the waste. The Swachh Survekshan 2022 from 37 in 2021 to 26 in
plant may consume 800-1000 MW of waste per day, 2022.
collected from the northern parts of the city.
14.2.5 Integrated Markets
In another instance, GHMC partnered with Ramky
Enviro to set up facilities that recycle waste In order to improve market connectivity through

generated by Construction and Demolition (C&D) in infrastructure provisioning, the Government of

urban areas. 2 plants have been set up in the GHMC Telangana has sanctioned 144 integrated markets

area in Public Private Partnership mode so far – at across the 141 ULBs (excluding GHMC) in the state.

Jeedimetla and Fathullaguda, Hayathnagar. The Under this allocation, an amount of Rs. 2 crore

plant at Fathullaguda is among the largest C&D each has been sanctioned for the 57 ULBs with a

recycling facilities in South India. Both plants have population of less than 25,000 for construction of

the capacity to handle over 500 tonnes of waste per markets on 1 acre of land each, while an amount

day, and can recycle and recover 90% of the material of Rs.4.5 crore each has been sanctioned for the

from construction waste. This is a huge achievement 84 ULBs having a population of more than 25,000

for the state, as the national estimates by the Centre for construction of markets on 2 acres of land each.

for Science and Environment (CSE) suggest that 8 ULBs have already constructed these markets,

currently, only 1% of the construction waste across whereas the work is underway in 129 more ULBs.

India is recycled. A total of 4.3 lakh MT of C&D waste Sites for construction have been identified in the

was collected & transported, and about 1.8 lakh MT of remaining ULBs.

waste was processed in the two facilities. Currently,

14.2.6 Architectural
around 1,500 metric tonnes to 2,000 metric tonnes
Illumination of Monuments
of debris is generated every day within GHMC limits
and this waste is being recycled by the two C&D Architectural characteristics of a building, any
plants. C&D from these facilities is being utilised for structure or space can be emphasised and
various non-structural purposes such as to create highlighted with the use of artificial illumination.
footpaths, road sub-bases, etc. 2 more C&D recycling Use of illumination not only makes the space
plants are expected to be set up in Telangana in the visually appealing, but also safer for public use.
coming years. The Government of Telangana took an initiative of
utilising Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) funds
In addition to the above innovations, the Government
for the beautification of lakes and monuments.
in partnership with waste management firm ‘Re
The cost incurred by various companies for the
Sustainability’ has launched secondary and tertiary
illumination works done as a part of CSR activities
garbage collection from the Garbage Vulnerable
are as follows:
Points (GVPs) across the city. The firm identified and
geo-tagged 3,882 GVPs in the city. There are about • Durgam Cheruvu cable-stayed bridge
495 vehicles deployed for the secondary collection illumination (theme lighting, with display of
from 934 different routes where the GVPs exist. different themes on festivals and holidays) done
Official data indicates that in 2022 there has been at a cost of Rs. 5.1 crore
a 13% to 20% increase in tonnes per day collection • Crash barriers lighting to avoid street lighting

210 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

 with poles, done at a cost of Rs. 3.3 crore Telangana, at 55.7% was 2 percentage points higher
• Deck lighting to have illumination under the than India’s, at 53.7%. The WPR of the working age
bridge and on the surroundings rocks, done at a population in urban Telangana, at 51.2%, was also
cost of Rs. 44 lakh higher than that of the all-India level (49.9%).

• Architectural Illumination of Moazzam Jahi [Link] Status of Employment in

market, done at a cost of Rs. 1.6 crore
Urban Telangana
14.2.7 Solar Rooftop
A comparison of the overall employment status in
In 2022, GHMC installed 941 kilowatt peak (kWp) rural versus urban areas reflects the stark difference
solar panels on the vacant rooftop spaces of 34 of in the employment statuses across the two areas in
its buildings. The estimated cost of the project is 3.5 the state (see Figures 14.3 & 14.4). Data from PLFS
crore. These panels are expected to generate about 2020-21 reflects that in Telangana, urban workers
15 lakh units of power a year, saving GHMC around across genders are more likely to have regular
Rs. 1.3 crore per annum. The total carbon emission salaried jobs, whereas rural workers across genders
reduction per year on account of this initiative would are more likely to be self-employed or working as
be 1,200 tonnes. casual labourers. Among the urban working males
in Telangana, 51.7% have a regular salaried job,
14.3 Urban Areas and Jobs compared to only 13.2% in rural areas. On similar
As more and more people migrate to urban areas, lines, while 48.9% of urban working women are
there is an increasing demand for goods and services likely to have salaried jobs, only 7.7% of their rural
in urban areas, which necessitates the development counterparts are likely to be employed with salaried
of new enterprises, thus creating a virtuous cycle of work.
more jobs and prosperity. While this virtuous cycle is
Figure 14.3 Percentage of
created by individual demands, it can only be realised
and expedited through supportive government
working adults by broad
policies that ease the process of establishing and employment status in Urban
120
running new businesses. Telangana (2020-21)
100
14.3.1 Employment in Urban 15.3 16.3 15.6
80
Telangana
60 51.7 48.9 51.0
According to the World Bank, 80% of the global
GDP is generated in the cities. They are hubs for 40
businesses, services, and firms that generate new 20
33.0 34.8 33.4
employment in the economy. The two key indicators
that capture the status of employment in urban 0
areas are - Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR)1 Male Female Person
and Worker Population Ratio (WPR)2. According to Self-Employed Salaried Casual Labour
the Periodic Labour Force Surveys (PLFS) 2020-21,
Source: PLFS 2020-21
the LFPR of the working age population in urban

1. LFPR is defined as the percentage of population in the labour force. Labour force comprises persons who are either working
(employed) or actively seeking work (unemployed).

2. WPR is defined as the percentage of employed persons in the total population.

Urban Development 211

 Figure 14.4 Percentage of and Construction accounting for 8.3% and 6.9% of
the total employment, respectively (see Figure 14.6).
working adults by broad
employment status in Rural Figure 14.5 Share of
120.0
Telangana (2020-21) Employment by Industry of Work
100.0
in Urban Telangana (2020-21)
18.1 23.7
80.0 31 Trade and automobile repair

13.2 10.8 Manufacturing

60.0 7.7
16.7% Construction
19.0%

40.0 Transportation and storage

68.6 61.3 65.5 3.2%
Information and
20.0 3.3% communication
4.3% Activities of households as
16.3% employers
0.0 4.9% Agriculture, forestry and
fishing
Male Female Person 5.3% Education

Self-Employed Salaried Casual Labour 6.5% 12.8% Other service activities

7.8%
Financial and insurance
Source: PLFS 2020-21 activities
Others

[Link] Sectoral Distribution Source: PLFS 2020-21

of Employment in Urban
Telangana3 Figure 14.6 Share of
Employment by Industry of Work
Figure 14.5 shows the industry-wise employment
in Rural Telangana (2020-21)
status of urban workers in Telangana according to
4.6%
PLFS 2020-21. ‘Trade and automobile repair’ is the 1.1%
1.1%
Agriculture, forestry and
largest employment generating sector, employing fishing
Manufacturing
over 19.0% of all working adults in urban Telangana. 3.5%
3.6%
The next highest employment is generated by the 4.9%
Construction

manufacturing sector (16.3%), followed by the 6.9% Trade and automobile

repair
construction sector (12.8%), and transportation & Education
8.3%
storage (7.8%). 66.1% Transportation and
storage
Administration
More than 60% of all urban jobs in Telangana
Information and
come from the services sector. In contrast, 66.1% of communication
Others
working adults in rural Telangana are employed in
agriculture, forestry & fishing, with Manufacturing Source: PLFS 2020-21

3. PLFS classifies industries of work based on the following NIC-2008 classification:

Section A: Agriculture, forestry and fishing, Section B: Mining and quarrying, Section C: Manufacturing, Section D: Electricity,
gas, steam and air conditioning supply, Section E: Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities,
Section F: Construction, Section G: Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles, Section H:
Transportation and storage, Section I: Accommodation and Food service activities, Section J: Information and communication,
Section K: Financial and insurance activities, Section L: Real estate activities, Section M: Professional, scientific and technical
activities, Section N: Administrative and support service activities, Section O: Public administration and defence; compulsory
social security, Section P: Education, Section Q: Human health and social work activities, Section R: Arts, entertainment and
recreation, Section S: Other service activities .Section T: Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods and
services producing activities of households for own use, Section U: Activities of extraterritorial organisations and bodies.

For the purpose of this chapter, in the case of urban areas, Trade and automobile repair includes Wholesale and retail
trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles, Activities of households as employers includes undifferentiated goods and
services producing activities of households for own use, and all other sectors are as per NIC classification. All NIC sectors
other than those with slices on the graph are included within ‘Other Services’

For the purpose of this chapter, in the case of rural areas, Trade and automobile repair includes Wholesale and retail trade;
repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles, and Administration includes Public administration and defence; compulsory social
security. All NIC sectors other than those with slices on the graph are included within ‘Other Services’

212 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

[Link] Earnings and Wages in Figure 14.8 Reported Monthly
Urban vs. Rural Telangana Earnings (in Rs.) among the
Self-Employed Persons in Rural
Figure 14.7 compares the average reported monthly
earnings among the salaried population in rural and
and Urban Telangana
urban Telangana. Salaried workers make up the (Apr-Jun, 2021)
17,795
largest worker category in urban areas, at 51.0%,
15,517
and account for 10.8% of rural workers in the state.
Data from PLFS 2020-21 suggests that the average 11,236
9,764
salaried person earns 20.4% more in urban areas
than in rural areas. Contradictory to expectations, 6,204

and in contrast with last year, it is salaried women 3,468

in the rural areas who earn more than their urban

counterparts, by 34.2%. Male Female Persons

Rural Urban

Similarly, the average earnings of self-employed

Source: PLFS 2020-21
persons in urban Telangana (who comprise 33.4%
of all urban workers) were 58.9% higher than that Figure 14.9 Reported Daily
of self-employed persons in rural areas of the state Wages (in Rs.) for Casual
(where self-employed persons are the largest worker Labour in Rural and Urban
category, at 65.5% of all workers) (see Figure 14.8).
Telangana (Apr-Jun, 2021)
Urban self-employed women were, on average,
earning close to double the amount earned by rural 466
440

women in this category.

355 360
317
Casual workers comprise 23.7% of the workforce in 289

rural areas, and 15.6% in the urban areas. During

Apr-Jun 2021, the daily earnings of casual workers
in Telangana were estimated to be Rs.317/day in
rural areas, compared to Rs.440/day in urban areas,
mirroring the urban earnings premium observed Male Female Persons

Rural Urban
among the self-employed and salaried workers (see
Source: PLFS 2020-21
Figure 14.9).

Figure 14.7 Reported Monthly 14.3.2 Initiatives of the

Earnings (in Rs.) among the Government
Salaried in Rural and Urban The Government is committed to pursuing policies
Telangana (Apr-Jun, 2021) that create new jobs and upskill people to match the
26,098
needs of new jobs required particularly in the urban
23,620 areas. This commitment is reflected in the initiatives
20,653
19,623
19,026 taken by the Government and the resultant outcomes.
15,385

Under PM SVANidhi, 5.36 lakh street vendors were

identified under Pattana Pragathi, in addition to the
83,666 vendors identified from 2014 to February,
2020. 680.6 crore worth of loans were sanctioned
Male Female Persons

Rural Urban in 3 tranches to 5.19 lakh street vendors for

business development. In addition, the government
Source: PLFS 2020-21

Urban Development 213

also encouraged digital transactions by providing hectares (ha) of crop area, destroyed over 4.17 lakh
cashbacks to vendors repaying loans digitally. houses, and killed close to 70,000 livestock5.
Street vending zones with basic amenities were
This is the watermark of climate change. An extreme
also developed by the Government under Pattana
event we saw once every 100 years has now begun
Pragathi.
to occur every five years or less. Worse, each month
Under its ‘Social Mobilization & Institution is breaking a new record. This in turn is breaking the
Development’ (SM&ID) initiative, 1.77 lakh Self Help backs of the poorest who are worst impacted and
Groups (SHGs), 6,260 Area Level Federations (ALFs), are fast losing their capacities to cope with these
and 191 Town Level Federations (TLFs) have been repeated and frequent events.
formed till now. A total amount of Rs. 16.97 crore
While climate change is a global challenge, urban
has been released to these SHGs and ALFs so far as
areas worldwide have a significant role to play
revolving fund. In addition, Rs.2,429.55 crore worth
in combating climate change. It is estimated that
of bank linkage was provided to SHGs in the year
over 75% of global carbon dioxide emissions arise
2021-22 to promote diversified livelihood, thereby
in the cities. It is essential, therefore, to make cities
augmenting the income of the urban poor and
an integral part of the solution in fighting climate
empowering [Link] 2022-23, the Government
change.
has set a target of Rs.1,745.23 crore in bank linkage
to SHGs, out of which Rs.1,458.97 crore worth of 14.4.1 Initiatives of the
bank linkage had been achieved till November, 2022.
Government
Under the Self Employment Programme, wherein
[Link] Strategic Nala
financial assistance is provided to individuals/groups
of urban poor for setting up gainful self-employment
Development Programme
ventures/ micro-enterprises, 15,387 micro enterprises According to a 2021 report by Telangana State
have been established through urban SHG so far. Development Planning Society (TSDPS) and the
Directorate of Economics and Statistics (DES), four out
The Government also runs the Skills Training &
of five highest 24-hour rainfall days for Hyderabad
Placement (EST&P) programme to provide skills that
from the last century were witnessed in the previous
help the urban poor gain salaried employment in
two decades. As per the same reports released in the
the private sector. Of the 37,422 candidates trained
year 2022, Hyderabad has experienced a significant
under this program till December 2022, 17,233 have
increase in average rainfall in the last 15 years –
been provided employment.
ranging from 41 to 80 millimetres (mm) per annum.
14.4 Urban Areas and Flooding in urban areas caused by intense or
Climate Change prolonged rainfall overwhelms the capacity of
India recorded extreme weather events on 241 of the drainage system. To reduce the likelihood
the 273 days from January 1 to September 30, 2022. and impact of urban flooding, it is essential to
Thus, heat and cold waves, cyclones, lightning to implement strategies that better manage water
heavy rain, floods and landslides were breaking out on the surface and store excess water. One such
in one or more parts of the country for close to 90 strategy is designing storm water drainage systems
percent of the first nine months of 20224. Conservative that accommodate the expected and unexpected
figures (likely an underestimate) suggest that these changes in precipitation in the future. In line with
disasters claimed 2,755 lives, affected 1.8 million this objective, the Government has taken up the

4. Down-to-Earth’s Climate India 2022 Report - January to September, 2022

5. This estimation of loss and damage is probably an underestimate as data for each event is not collated, nor are the losses
of public property or crop loss calculated.

214 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Strategic Nala Development Programme (SNDP) –
Figure 14.10 Distribution of
a dedicated project to plan, develop and maintain a
Expenditure under Green Budget
comprehensive Storm Water Drainage (SWD)/nala
system in Hyderabad and surrounding ULBs. The
for the GHMC (2022-23)
goal is to improve the city drainage systems so that 0.4%

unusual volumes of rainfall in the future do not lead 4.3%

3.9%
Construction & Improvements of Colony
Parks
Repairs and Maintenance of Colony Parks
to flooding. According to GHMC Budget 2022-23, the
4.3%
4.3% Construction & Improvements of City Level
Parks
budget allocated towards SNDP is Rs. 340 crore. 4.3%
44.0%
Protection of Lakes & Open Spaces

8.6% Repairs and Maintenance to City of City Level

Parks
GHMC is responsible for the maintenance of 1,302 Avenue and Other Plantations

km of Storm Water Drains (SWD). During 2021-22, 12.9%

Construction & Improvements of Traffic
Islands /Central Media

out of the total 979 SWD construction/remodelling

Purchase of Plants/ Translocation of Plants
12.9%
Swatch Bharath
works sanctioned for an amount of Rs.506 crore, 450 Traffic islands/ Central Media

works costing Rs. 173 crore were completed. During Source: GHMC Budget 2022-23
2022-23, 751 works costing Rs. 442 crore have
been taken up, out of which 228 works have been [Link] Telangana State
completed at a cost of Rs. 118 crore. The remaining Heatwave Action Plan
523 works costing Rs. 324.54 crore are at different
Heat wave conditions are considered if the maximum
stages of execution.
temperature of a station reaches at least 40° celsius
[Link] Green Budget or more for plains, 37° celsius or more for coastal
areas and at least 30° celsius or more for hilly
In addition to mitigation strategies, the Government regions6 . The extreme temperatures and resultant
has also taken up proactive measures. Since 2020, atmospheric conditions adversely affect people
all ULBs in the state have earmarked 10% of their as they cause physiological stress, sometimes
budget as ‘Green Budget’. The goal of ‘Green Budget’ resulting in death. Cities are particularly vulnerable
is to address urban forestry and development of to heatwaves as their high built density absorbs and
green cover in urban areas on a priority basis. This retains heat, leading to higher temperatures than the
is done by establishing nurseries and plantations, surrounding areas.
and carrying out awareness programmes in the
urban areas. Taken together, all 142 ULBs in According to a recent report by the Revenue
Telangana have set aside Rs. 495 crore for the (Disaster Management) Department (Government of
Green Budget in 2022-23. GHMC allocated Rs. 232.2 Telangana), 568 out of 589 mandals of Telangana
crore towards the Green Budget in 2022-23. The are susceptible to heatwaves. The Government
proposed expenditure for GHMC under broad heads of Telangana is incorporating both traditional
is shown in Figure 14.10. The largest share of the knowledge and recent technologies to mitigate
Green Budget (44.0%) is devoted to construction the impact of heat waves. As part of its proactive
and improvement of colony parks, followed by measures, the Government formulated a heat wave
repair and maintenance of colony parks (12.9%) and action plan 2021 in line with the guidelines from
construction and improvement of city level parks National Disaster Management Agency (NDMA).
(12.9%). Development and maintenance of public The plan suggests various short term and long term
parks serves many purposes. It provides recreational mitigation measures to each department along with
spaces for the residents, especially the children, and roles and responsibilities. The plan recognises that
increases the green cover of the city. the burden of heatwaves is borne disproportionately
by construction workers, children, women, street

6. As defined by the India Meteorological Department

Urban Development 215

vendors and the poor and the marginalised, and such as the Hyderabad Metro Rail Limited (HMRL),
suggests measures to minimise the impact of the Hyderabad Metro Water Supply and Sewerage
heatwaves on all citizens in general, and on these Board (HMWSSB), and the Hyderabad Integrated
vulnerable groups in particular. It suggests altering Municipal Solid Waste Limited (HiMSW), and the
the working hours in major cities to avoid peak Hyderabad Metro Development Authority (HMDA)
hours, distributing information on how to deal with also provide vital services that keep the city running.
heatwaves, ensuring shelter facilities for livestock,
deploying health teams at major bus stops, and 14.5.1 Permanent and
rescheduling load shedding to avoid peak hours. Temporary Housing
[Link] Early Warning System Managing population density in urban areas is fast
emerging as a key sustainability challenge. As per
for Flood Prediction
estimates, Hyderabad is one of the world’s fastest
Data collected from national monitoring networks growing cities by population. The high population
is often insufficient for local authorities to evaluate density puts immense pressure on land and housing
flood risk at the local scale, particularly in urban resources, and in recognition of this issue, the
areas. Often, the network density is insufficient and Government has been implementing a unique ‘Dignity
national network stations are situated according to Housing Programme’- Two Bedroom (2BHK) housing
hydrological and meteorological needs. programme. Under this programme, 2 BHK houses
are constructed and given away free of cost to the
At the time of state formation, the area under the
shelter-less poor people living below the Poverty Line
Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation had
(BPL). These housing complexes are equipped with
33 Automatic Weather Stations (AWS), with a
civic infrastructure such as roads, storm water drains,
resolution of 10x10 km grid. In order to improve
Sewage Treatment Plants, and underground sewage
the accuracy and efficiency of the early warning
system, protected water supply arrangements and
system for flood prediction in Hyderabad, the
electrification works, as well as social infrastructure
Department of Planning, Government of Telangana,
works such as community centres, Health centres,
as per recommendations made by Dr. Kapil Gupta
schools, bus stands, parks, playgrounds, etc.
from Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) - Bombay,
installed 99 new Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) The housing projects are being taken up in
in the GHMC area, taking the total count of AWS to 111 locations – 40 in-situ slums and 71 vacant
132. The resolution of AWS in Telangana has now government lands. Since the launch of the scheme in
improved to 2x2 km grid, and they provide hourly 2015, GHMC has been given a target of constructing
data on rainfall (mm), temperature (degree Celsius), 1 lakh houses under this scheme at a financial outlay
humidity (%), wind direction, and speed of wind. of Rs. 8,599 crore. Construction of 67,778 houses
has been completed, out of which 5,258 houses in
14.5 Developing Hyderabad 26 locations have been inaugurated, and 3,579 have
Telangana’s largest and most populous city - been handed over to beneficiaries. The remaining
Hyderabad – functions as the central administrative, 32,222 houses are at various stages of construction,
industrial and commercial hub of the state. Over and are expected to be completed by the end of
the past few years, Hyderabad has been heading March 2023. An expenditure of Rs.6,868 crore has
towards the path of progress to emerge as a city been incurred on this scheme so far.
of the future while retaining the valuable core of In addition to funding permanent housing programs,
its past. The city has been in the global limelight GHMC has also made arrangements for the
not only for its fast paced growth, but also for temporary housing of the people who visit the city
adopting sustainable and inclusive ways to to benefit from its medical and economic prowess.
achieve this growth. The developmental activities GHMC constructs and maintains night shelters
in Hyderabad are being taken up by GHMC which for the economically backward patients and their
delivers urban services. Several other agencies,

216 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

attendants coming to the hospitals in the city, and the de-silting of these drains throughout the year
for the urban homeless. There are 21 night shelters to ensure free flow of drains/nalas and to prevent
within GHMC limits established by the Government flooding of low lying areas, roadside stagnations,
– 7 across different Government hospitals of etc. For 2022, 371 works were sanctioned at a cost
Hyderabad, and 14 night shelters for the urban of Rs.56.3 crore, and so far, 3.6 lakh cum of desilting
homeless across different hotspots. has been done.

14.5.2 Sewerage and Drainage 14.5.3 Drinking Water Supply

Facilities
Drinking water is critical to survival, and the
Urban areas generate a large amount of sewage and Government has been taking initiatives to maintain
waste. As per the official GoTS figures, Hyderabad a streamlined supply of sufficient quantity, potable
Urban Agglomeration generated around 1,950 drinking water since state formation. Currently,
Million Litres per Day (MLD) of sewage in 2021. Of GoTS is working on long-term plans to take care of
this, 1,650 MLD was produced in the GHMC area. drinking water needs of Hyderabad and surrounding
Hence, the handling of sewage is a major urban municipalities till 2051.
policy concern.
Hyderabad and its surrounding municipalities
To add to the 25 existing Sewage Treatment Plants currently get water from the Godavari and Krishna
(STPs), the Government has taken up the construction rivers from Ramagundam project and Sunkishala
of 31 new STPs at a cost of Rs.3,866 crore. These project respectively. The Government plans to
STPs have a combined capacity of 1,259 MLD, and bring the Godavari river water to Hyderabad from
are expected to be completed by June, 2023. Post the Kondapochamma Sagar and Mallanna Sagar
their completion, Hyderabad will rank at the top reservoirs built as part of the Kaleshwaram project.
among all major cities in the nation for 100% sewage This is expected to permanently solve drinking water
treatment. problems in Greater Hyderabad and surrounding
municipalities. In order to meet not just the current
Additionally, a 129 km sewer network project drinking water requirements of the citizens, but also
covering Karwan & Nampally constituencies has cater to the future needs, the following projects have
been taken up at cost of Rs.298 crore, and is expected been taken up by the Government:
to be completed by December, 2023.
• New source augmentation project of Sunkishala
Owing to the efforts of the Government, Hyderabad’s is being taken up at a cost of Rs. 2,214 crores
rank in the Swachh Surveshan ranking 2022 jumped to supplement about 40 thousand million cubic
from 13 to 11 in the category of cities with over 10 (TMC) feet, to be drawn in phases. This is still
lakh population. In the Swachh Survekshan awards under progress, and is expected to be completed
2022 which were given by the Ministry of Housing by June 2023.
and Urban Affairs(MoHUA) - Government of India,
Hyderabad retained the tag of ‘Water Plus’ city in • Water supply network project for the Outer
the open defecation free cities category. In addition, Ring Road (ORR) ULBs, taken up at a cost of Rs.
out of the 142 ULBs in the state, MoHUA declared 70 1,200 crore is currently under progress, due for
ULBs as ODF+, 42 as ODF++, Hyderabad as Water completion in June 2023. The project includes
Plus and the remaining 29 ULBs as ODF. laying of 2800 km of pipeline network, and is
expected to benefit 10 lakh people on completion.
GHMC maintains over 1,302 kilometres of stormwater
drains in Telangana. During 2022-23, 751 projects • In order to undertake diversion of water from one
costing Rs.442 crore were taken up, of which 228 source system to other source systems in case of
have been completed at a cost of Rs. 118 crore. The exigencies, and to provide equitable supplies to
remaining 523 projects costing Rs. 325 crore are in the ORR zones, Peripheral circle zones and Core
different stages of execution. GHMC also carries out City zones, the Ring Main proposals all along the

Urban Development 217

 ORR are being formulated. The tentative cost of 525 stretches and 7 packages. Till December 2022,
the project is expected to be over Rs. 4,500 crore. GHMC spent Rs. 972 crore out of the total funds
allocated to this scheme to recarpet a total length
• In addition to the above, the following key
of 711 km, and to maintain footpaths, kerbs, central
initiatives and welfare programmes have also
median, lane markings, sweeping and greenery
been implemented:
maintenance along these roads.
• The ‘20 kilolitre (KL) Free Water Supply
GHMC also conducts repair and maintenance work
Scheme’ - under which 6.5 lakh free connections
on roads other than main roads. GHMC maintains
have been given
over 9,013 kilometres of roads. During 2022-23,
• BPL Connection Scheme (Tap water connection 3,059 road works amounting to Rs. 815 crore are
for Rs. 1) - under which 43,244 GHMC persons being taken up, out of which 821 works costing Rs.
have benefitted 220 crore have been completed. The balance works
are under various stages of execution.
• Rain Water Harvesting Theme Park:
Established in Hyderabad by the Hyderabad The Government also took up the works of
Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage construction of 5 Fish Markets in Hyderabad at a total
Board (HMWS&SB) with the aim of preserving outlay of Rs. 20.1 crore to avoid traffic congestion on
every drop of rainwater for the benefit of future certain stretches of road and 4 Model Markets at a
generations. total outlay of Rs. 63.9 crore.

14.5.4 Urban Mobility In addition to the GHMC, the Hyderabad Road

Development Corporation Limited (HRDCL) also
Urban development requires sustainable and manages the building and maintenance of roads.
efficient mobility options and services that are During 2021-22, the corporation worked on the
constantly evolving in line with society’s needs. Missing Link Roads Project for Hyderabad city. The
Efficient mobility options include improving roads to project has a financial outlay of Rs. 2,984 crore
facilitate smoother private transport experience, and across three phases, and aims to identify and
expanding public transport networks for everyone. construct roads that serve as missing connections
in the distribution of traffic over Hyderabad’s roads.
[Link] Roads, Bridges and Till December 2022, 21 works of ‘Phase I’ had been
Flyovers completed, 10 out of the 16 works of ‘Phase II’ were
GHMC formulated the major infrastructural project under progress, and Phase III works were at the
- Strategic Road Development Plan (SRDP) with tender stage. These road links will act as shortest
an aim to design road networks that would reduce alternative routes that would improve mobility,
traffic fatalities and vehicular pollution across shorten travel times, facilitate quick movement of
the major traffic corridors and activity centers in essential services like ambulances and fire forces,
Hyderabad. The plan includes the construction of improve road safety, reduce vehicular exhaust
flyovers, underpasses, and bridges. So far, 33 works pollution, and connect the abandoned areas of the
have been completed, and another 15 works under city, thereby controlling anti-social activities.
the plan are in progress.
Finally, the Hyderabad Growth Corridor Ltd. (HGCL)
In addition, the Government has also sanctioned is responsible for the construction and maintenance
Rs.1,839 crore under the Comprehensive Road of the Outer Ring Road (ORR) to Hyderabad city. The
Maintenance Programme (CRMP) for maintenance of entire corridor of 158 kilometres has been completed
main roads (roads with more than 3 lanes). The funds at a total cost of Rs. 8,828 crore. Since January 2021,
under the scheme would be released in instalments HGCL has also taken up the management of the
over a period of 5 years. The programme covers toll plazas on the ORR, and is also responsible for
operating the Highway Traffic Management System

218 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

on the road. In addition, HGCL has taken up the
[Link] Basti Dawakhanas
beautification of junctions and LED lighting along
the ORR. Basti Dawakhanas are Health and Wellness centres
established within GHMC limits to meet health
[Link] Metro Rail care needs of the urban poor. Each dawakhana
has a doctor, a staff nurse, supporting staff, and a
Hyderabad Metro Rail Project- the world’s largest
separate pathology lab. They provide primary health
metro rail project in Public Private Partnership (PPP)
care services such as out patient consultation, tele
mode with an investment of Rs. 22,000 crore. The
consultation, basic lab diagnosis, treatment of acute
HMRL runs and maintains the Hyderabad Metro,
simple illness, immunisation services, antenatal
providing a convenient, comfortable and state-of-
and postnatal care, family planning, screening for
the-art transport system covering 69 kms.
anaemia, non-communicable diseases such as BP,
With a vision to make Hyderabad a Global city blood sugar, cancer health promotion activities etc.
(Vishwanagaram), the HMRL had taken up urban
The Government decided to establish 2 Basti
rejuvenation works along the 57 metro stations.
Dawakhanas in each of the 150 wards of GHMC.
These works include the construction of sidewalks,
263 Basti Dawakhanas had been established till
adding greenery and public-utility furniture near the
December, 2022, and 37 more are under various
metro stations, and developing service lanes. Another
stages of establishment.
initiative taken up by HRML is the development
of Multi Level Parking (MLP) Complex with latest
[Link] Urban Malaria Scheme
German Puzzle Parking technology at Nampally,
(UMS)
which is expected to become operational by March
2023. The entomology wing of GHMC has been
implementing Vector Control operations in the GHMC
Additionally, a 31 km long Airport Express Metro Rail
limits to control mosquito breeding and vector borne
from Raidurg Terminal Station of Corridor-3 (Blue
diseases. Chronic breeding sources are identified,
Line) to Shamshabad International Airport has been
and anti-larval & anti-adult-mosquito measures are
sanctioned at a total outlay of Rs. 6,250 crore.
carried out in all dengue affected areas. In 2022-
Further, a cost effective Elevated BRTS (Bus Rapid 23, Rs. 9 crore and Rs. 2 crore were earmarked for
Transit System)/Metro Neo from KPHB Metro Station urban malaria eradication and dengue eradication
of Corridor-I (Red Line) to Neopolis (22 Kms) is respectively.
being considered for implementation in PPP mode
Some of the activities taken up under UMS by the
by Government of Telangana at a cost of Rs. 2,500
2,375 staff members working on Vector Control
crore.
Operations are as follows:
Owing to the Government’s unceasing efforts, the
• Preparation of month wise Health Calendar
Hyderabad Metro Rail achieved the Urban Infra
Activities as per seasons with the coordination
Business Leadership Awards 2022 for the outstanding
of all line Departments
contribution in Smart Urban infrastructure – Rail &
• Mapping of the 4,846 colonies identified as
Metro category in the year 2021-22.
‘dengue identified areas’ in order to take up:
14.5.5 Health and Nutrition • anti-larval & anti-adult-mosquito measures
within a week, or twice in one week for
A key goal of urban policy is to improve the health
colonies with higher reported cases
and nutritional status of the urban residents, so that
they can serve as productive members of the society. • Stickering of all households, and pamphlet-
In Telangana, urban initiatives like Annapurna Meals distribution to every person to explain about
and Basti Dawakhanas have been designed to Vector Borne Diseases
supplement the health infrastructure in the city.

Urban Development 219

 • Sunday 10am 10 minutes programme together handle the city’s municipal solid waste
for 10 sundays to motivate all residential under a Public-Private Partnership (PPP). 25 static
welfare association presidents and all public Secondary Collection & Transfer Points (SCTPS) have
representatives been established and 84 mobile SCTPs deployed
• Conducting Anti Larval Operations (ALOs) in all in the state till date for decentralisation of the
identified Chronic Breeding sources transportation of waste, and for effective usage of
Swachh Auto Tippers. In addition, 11 existing transfer
• Releasing of Gambusia fishes in all baby ponds
stations were modernised to avoid open transit of
(Ganesh immersion and Bathukamma ponds)
waste from small vehicles to bigger vehicles.
and in lakes and other stagnated water
• Releasing of Oil balls in all identified dirty Owing to GoTS’s initiatives in the area of Waste
stagnated points, ponds, nalas Management, Telangana won 23 Swachh
• Fogging for prevention of dengue and malaria. Survekshan awards in 2022. Additionally, 3 ULBs
were awarded under Indian Swachhata League
• IEC activities in schools
2022.
The Government has also been focussing on the
use of modern technology in dealing with issues 14.5.7 Greenery and Biodiversity
of mosquito menace. Disease ‘hot spots’ and Urban biodiversity and urban forestry can play a
transmission dynamics were identified for both vital role in improving a city’s environment, in turn,
dengue and malaria based on the previous year improving the social well-being of its residents.
incidence rates, and GIS mapping has been done The urban biodiversity of Hyderabad offers a great
for all the reported cases. 1 Drone per zone is being example of how greenery can be brought back into
used to spray the repellents over the lake and its urban areas by turning wastelands into bustling
surroundings. natural habitats.

[Link] Annapurna Meals GHMC and the Urban Forestry arm of the HMDA
have been implementing the Government’s flagship
Since 2014, GHMC has been providing nutritious and
programme – Telangana Ku Haritha Haram (TKHH)’
affordable Annapurna meals at Rs. 5 per meal to
(Garland of Greenery) with the objective of enhancing
people across the city, serving over 45,000 lunches
the state’s green cover from 24% to 33%. This
each day. During 2022-23, Annapurna lunch meals
includes taking up plantation activities under various
were provided across 373 centres including mobile
categories such as avenue plantations, colony
Annapurna centres, and Annapurna dinner meals
plantations, institutional plantations, open-space
were provided in 259 centres including mobile
plantations, graveyard plantations, Yadadri Natural
Annapuma centres. Since the launch of the scheme,
Forest Model(Miyawaki), development of vertical
10 crore meals have been served at an expense of
gardens, etc. During 2022-23, 15.6 crore seedlings
Rs. 198 crore. 63 lakh of these meals were served in
were planted, and another 4.6 crore seedlings were
2022-23 (up to November,2022) at an expense of Rs.
distributed under TKHH.
16.7 crore. GHMC has also identified 32 locations to
establish “Seating Annapurna Canteens” for public In addition to the above, GHMC has developed 600
convenience. ward-level nurseries, Miyawaki plantations at 45
locations, 20 Panchatatva Parks, cycling tracks, and
14.5.6 Waste Management
3 urban forest parks in the forest blocks Suraram
According to the Telangana State Pollution Control (455 hectares), Madannaguda (97 hectares) &
Board (TSPCB), Telangana generated 11,261 Tonnes Nadergul (43 hectares) among other initiatives. 57
of municipal solid waste per day during 2022-23. Major Theme Parks are being developed at an outlay
100% of this waste was collected, while 78.3% of Rs. 137 crore.
of this waste was processed. GHMC and HiMSW

220 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

The Government has taken the initiative of getting
14.5.8 Urban Planning
the Biodiversity index of Hyderabad city assessed,
and ward-wise green cover evaluated through Urban planning is the process of developing and
the International Council for Local Environmental designing sustainable and inclusive urban areas
Initiatives. The report for the same is expected to be to meet the current as well as future needs of a
released this year. community. The Government of Telangana has
laid considerable focus on ensuring that urban
The efforts of the Government have led to the
development keeps pace with the growth in the size
recognition of Hyderabad as “Tree City of the World”
and the needs of the population. HMDA is the urban
by the Arbor Day Foundation and the Food and
planning agency of Hyderabad. It is responsible for
Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations
planning, coordinating, supervising, and securing the
for the second consecutive year. According to Asia
planned development of the Hyderabad Metropolitan
Pacific Sustainability Index 2021, Hyderabad has
Region. During 2022-23, it undertook several
been ranked among top 20 most sustainable cities in
projects including layout development at Koheda,
Asia Pacific region and is ranked third among Indian
Thimmaipally, Yadgarpally, & Kondapur, Solar Roof
cities.
Cycle Track development along ORR, development of
158 km Green Corridor along ORR, development of
[Link] Rejuvenation of River
Drip Irrigation at ORR, development & maintenance of
Musi
Urban Lung Spaces in Hyderabad, and construction
The Musi river – a major tributary of the Krisha river of skywalks at Uppal & Mehdipatnam, etc.
– passes through the heart of Hyderabad city, and
divides the old city from the new city. The Government
14.5.9 Leisure and Recreation
has been on a mission to revitalise the river, and Recreational facilities are vital for the psychological
restore it to its former glory. The conservation well-being of people, and are important for improving
and regeneration plan for the river includes and the quality of life of citizens. Since the formation of
maintenance of floating trash barriers (completed the state, the Government has paid special attention
at 10 locations), cleaning of the river using hydraulic to the development of recreational facilities in
excavators (performed throughout the year), fogging, Hyderabad city in order to develop it as a ‘consumer
desiltation to ensure free flow of water (completed in city’, on the lines of other metropolitan cities in the
the stretch of 55 km due to which major inundation developed countries.
was mitigated in the recent floods), and landscaping
& formation of walkways (nearing completion). An The Government has developed gardens and urban
amount of Rs. 5 crore has been allocated towards public spaces to meet the leisure needs of the
Musi rejuvenation for the year 2022-23. residents. The Buddha Purnima Project, launched in
2000, was a concerted effort to develop the areas
[Link] Solar Roof Cycle Track around the Hussain Sagar Lake as public recreational
spots. The aim of the project was to help the growth
A unique 23 km long cycle track is being developed
of the lake, upgrade the surrounding environment,
along ORR at Kokapet on pilot basis at a cost of Rs.
promote tourism, and encourage eco-tourism in the
95 crore. Out of the 23 km length of the cycle track, 21
area. Under this project, the Government developed
km will be covered with a solar roof with a capacity of
the Lumbini Park, NTR Gardens,Necklace Road,
16 MW. This track offers protection to cyclists from
People’s Plaza, Sanjeevaiah Park, Hussain Sagar
sun, rain and other harsh weather conditions besides
Lake, and Lake View Park.
isolating them from regular traffic and ensuring their
safety. Other amenities for cyclists such as 24*7 In 2022, 10 lakes were adopted by companies for
lighting, food courts, surveillance cameras, drinking development under Corporate Social Responsibility
water and bicycle repair shops would also come up (CSR). Development of Durgam Cheruvu, Malka
along the track. Cheruvu, and Pedda Cheruvu was completed, while

Urban Development 221

that of the other 7 lakes is in progress. These areas laws that govern the structure and status of ULBs in
provide ideal destinations for the citizens to relax their territory.
and enjoy, while also serving as a source of livelihood
Accordingly, the Government enacted the Telangana
for small businesses, as well as revenue for the
Municipalities Act 2019 to guide the administration
government.
of ULBs other than GHMC. The Act pushes the ULBs
[Link] Sport Complexes & to be more transparent, accountable, and efficient. In
Facilities for Physical Fitness tune with the act, some of the identified focus areas
are:
The Government has taken up 20 works costing
Rs. 98.5 crore that include the construction of • Promoting Greenery in the urban areas, by
sports complexes, auditoriums, indoor stadiums demarcating funds towards the ‘Green Budget’.
and playgrounds in the GHMC area. 10 of these • Encouraging citizen-centric governance by
works have been completed so far, while the other establishing Citizen Service Centres in the
10 are at various stages. These projects not only Municipalities.
provide recreational facilities to the public, but also
• Saving water, improving sanitation and
encourage sports persons by providing them with
upgrading the sewerage systems to ensure that
the required amenities.
water resources are well-utilised.
Other than this, cycling tracks are currently
• Introduction of a single-window online system,
present in the BHEL Vista Park, Durgam Cheruvu,
called Telangana State Building Permission and
Madannaguda Urban Park, Nadergul Urban Park,
Self Certification System (TS-bPASS) to process
and Gajularamaram Urban Park. To add to these
building certifications in a timely and hassle-free
existing tracks, the Government has proposed
manner.
development of cycling tracks in parks having an
area of more than 2 acres, as well as all 57 proposed There are 142 ULBs in Telangana, spread across the
Theme Parks. The Hyderabad Unified Metropolitan districts of the state. Table 14.3 shows the number of
Transport Authority (HUMTA) for Hyderabad ULBs located in each district.
Metropolitan Region has also planned a 173 km
In addition to the ULBs, the Government notifies the
cycle track network across the city.
creation of Urban Development Authorities (UDAs)
For daily use by locals/visitors, 74 Open Gyms have from time to time. The objective of UDAs is to ensure
been provided in major parks and colony parks that the process of urbanisation does not occur in
with the intention of promoting physical fitness and an unplanned manner, and to therefore provide
health. adequate planning support during the urbanisation
process. This involves the creation of master plans
Lastly, mini play courts for sports such as football, and layouts for land-use, water-use and sanitation
volleyball, basketball, etc. are also proposed to facilities, and road networks in newly urbanising
be developed, and inclusion of adventure games areas. Before 2014-15, the only UDAs in Telangana
in suitable parks is also being planned by the were Hyderabad’s HMDA and Warangal’s Kakatiya
Government. Urban Development Authority (KUDA). The following
8 UDAs were created in the state between 2014-15
14.6 Urban Governance and February, 2022, taking the total number of UDAs
The 74th Amendment Act 1992 stipulated that the in the state to 10:
responsibilities of providing citizen services in the
• Yadagirigutta Temple Development Authority in
urban areas and performing administrative tasks
Yadadri Bhuvanagiri- formed in November, 2022
like urban planning and land use regulation should
fall under the purview of Urban Local Bodies. The • Vemulawada Temple Development Authority in
Amendment left it to the respective states to enact Rajanna Sircilla- formed in February, 2022

222 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

• Satavahana Urban Development Authority in S. No. of Name of Municipality/
District
Karimnagar- formed in May, 2017 No. ULBs Municipal Corporation

• Nizamabad Urban Development Authority in 27. Kothagudem,

Nizamabad- formed in July, 2017 28. Manuguru,

11 Kothagudem 4
29. Palvancha,
• Stambhadri Urban Development Authority in
Khammam- formed in July, 2017 30. Yellandu
31. Dornakal,
• Siddipet Urban Development Authority in
Mahabu- 32. Mahabubabad,
Siddipet- formed in October, 2017 12 4
babad 33. Maripeda,
• Mahabubnagar Urban Development Authority in
34. Thorrur
Mahabubnagar- formed in February, 2022
35. Bhoothpur,
• Neelgiri Urban Development Authority in
13 Mahbubnagar 3 36. Jadcherla,
Nalgonda- formed in February, 2022
37. Mahabubnagar
Table 14.3 District-wise Urban 38. Bellampally,
Local Bodies in Telangana 39. Cheenur,
(2022) 40. Kyathanpally,
14 Mancherial 7 41. Luxettipet,
S. No. of Name of Municipality/
District 42. Mancherial,
No. ULBs Municipal Corporation
1 Adilabad 1 1. Adilabad 43. Mandammari,
2 Asifabad 1 2. Kagaznagar 44. Naspur
3 Hyderabad 1 3. GHMC (MC) 45. Medak,
4. Dharmapuri, 46. Narsapur,
15 Medak 4
5. Jagityal, 47. Ramayampet,
4 Jagitial 5 6. Korutla, 48. Thoopran
7. Metpalli,
49. Boduppal, (MC)
8. Raikal
50. Dhammaiguda,
5 Jangaon 1 9. Jangaon
51. Dundigal,
6 Jayashankar 1 10. Bhupalpally
52. Ghatkesar,
11. Alampur,
53. Gundlapochampally,
Jogulamba 12. Gadwal,
7 4 54. Jawaharnagar (MC)
Gadwal 13. Ieeja, Medchal-
16 13 55. Kompally,
14. Waddepalle Malkajgiri
15. Banswada, 56. Medchal,

8 Kamareddy 3 16. Kamareddy, 57. Nagaram,

17. Yellareddy 58. Nizampet, (MC)
18. Choppadandi, 59. Peerzadiguda, (MC)
19. Huzurabad, 60. Pocharam,
9 Karimnagar 5 20. Jammikunta, [Link]
21. Karimnagar, (MC) 17 Mulugu 0 No ULBs
22. Kothapalli 62. Achampet,
23. Khammam, (MC) 63. Kalwakurthy,
18 Nagarkurnool 4
24. Madhira, 64. Khollapur,
10 Khammam 4
25. Sattupalli, 65. Nagarkurnool
26. Wyra

Urban Development 223

S. No. of Name of Municipality/ S. No. of Name of Municipality/
District District
No. ULBs Municipal Corporation No. ULBs Municipal Corporation
66. Chandur, 104. Ameenpur,
67. Chityal, 105. Andol-Jogipet,

68. Devarakonda, 106. Bollaram,

107. Narayankhed,
69. Haliya, 25 Sangareddy 8
19 Nalgonda 8 108. Sadasivapet,
70. Miryalaguda,
109. Sangareddy,
71. Nakrekal,
110. Tellapur,
72. Nalgonda,
111. Zaheerabad
73. Nandikonda 112. Cherial,
74. Kosgi, 113. Dubbaka,
20 Narayanpet 3 75. Makthal, 26 Siddipet 5 114. Gajwel,
76. Narayanpet 115. Husnabad,

77. Bhainsa, 116. Siddipet

[Link],
21 Nirmal 3 78. Khanapur, 27 Sircilla 2
118. Vemulawada
79. Nirmal
119. Huzurnagar,
80. Armoor,
120. Kodada,
81. Bheemgal,
22 Nizamabad 4 28 Suryapet 5 121. Neredcherla,
82. Bodhan, 122. Suryapet,
83. Nizamabad (MC) 123. Tirumalagiri
84. Manthani, 124. Kodangal,
85. Peddapalli, 125. Parigi,
23 Peddapalli 4 29 Vikarabad 4
86. Ramagundam, (MC) 126. Tandur,
127. Vikarabad
87. Sulthanabad
128. Amarchinta,
88. Adibatla,
129. Atmakur,
89. Amangal,
30 Wanaparthy 5 130. Kothakota,
90. Badangpet, (MC)
131. Pebbair,
[Link],(MC) 132. Wanaparthy
92. Ibrahimpatnam, 133. Narsampet,
Warangal -
93. Jalpally, 31 3 134. Parakala,
Rural
94. Kothur, 135. Wardhannapet
Warangal -
95. Manikonda, 32 1 136. GWMC (MC)
24 Rangareddy 16 Urban
96. Meerpet, (MC)
137. Alair,
97. Narsingi,
138. Bhongir,
98. Pedda-Amberpet,
Yadadri 139. Choutuppal,
33 6
99. Shadnagar, Bhuvanagiri 140. Mothkur,
100. Shamshabad, 141. Pochampally,
101. Shankarpally, 142. Yadagirigutta
102. Thukkuguda, Source: Municipal administration & Urban Development Department,
GoTS
103. Turkayamjal Note: MC: Municipal Corporation

224 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

14.7 Financing Urban been no hike in the property tax rate due to correction
of inequity in the levy of property tax and efficient
Development collection mechanism. However, using several
innovative modes of tax collections, the income from
The investment needed to meet the unmet and
property taxes has been on a continuous uptrend.
growing needs of urbanisation is huge. At the same
As per budget estimates for 2022-23, GHMC’s
time, this investment in high quality infrastructure
estimated property tax collection is Rs.1,700 crore.
and services can unlock endogenous growth
potential, with benefits that greatly outweigh the The Non Tax Revenues of GHMC include trade licence
costs in the long term. Financing urban development fee, advertisement fee, fee from town planning (which
is therefore a productive investment that can lead to consists of building permit fee, development charges
sustainable growth. and betterment charges), etc. Taken together, the
non-tax revenues comprise 25.4% of the GHMC
Unfortunately, most Municipalities in India suffer budget in 2022-23. In 2022-23, GHMC expects 9.9
from low revenues and few tax options to generate crore in advertisement fees and 63 crore in licence
their ‘own income’. Municipal Corporations in India fees.
are required by law to maintain a balanced/surplus
GHMC also receives money from the capital grants
budget and hence, they have not been able to tap
provided by the state and central governments.
capital markets sufficiently to supplement their
These constitute 5.2% of its budget. During 2022-23,
revenues. They have remained dependent on State
GHMC would receive over Rs.354.0 crore in capital
and Central grants. To address these issues, State’s
grants.
Municipalities/ Municipal Corporations have been
experimenting with different strategies of raising Finally, the greatest component of GHMC’s income
finances such as value capture financing, issue in 2022-23 falls under the category ‘Others’,
of municipal bonds, etc. that have proved to be a comprising ‘Contributions’, ‘Regularisation Fees’, and
success in mobilising funds. Telangana’s Urban Local ‘Borrowings’. This accounts for 44.2% (Rs. 2,996
Bodies also benefit from a significant tax base that crore) of GHMC’s budget.
helps finance the development of its cities. In addition to GHMC’s own budget, it also raises
revenues and incurs expenditure on major projects
ULB reforms stipulated by the Department of
of other corporations assigned to GHMC. In 2022-
Expenditure (Ministry of Finance, Government
23, the budget outlay for the Housing Corporation
of India) were completed by the Government in
January, 2021. This entailed changing the floor rates (2BHK) in 2022-23 is Rs.406.70 crore.
of property tax to reflect the prevailing circle rates Figure 14.11 Share of different
in the nearby areas, and updating the user charges
as well. This allowed ULBs to raise resources that
sources of revenue in total
could help improve health and sanitation in the areas budget for GHMC (2022-23)
that they cover. In addition, the Government would
also introduce a mechanism to increase these rates
periodically.
25.4%

14.7.1 Greater Hyderabad

Municipal Corporation 44.2%

GHMC is the largest Municipal Corporation in the

state, covering a population of 93.6 lakh7 in 2022.
In 2022-23, GHMC proposed a budget estimate of 25.2%
Rs. 6,150 crore. GHMC gets its funds from 3 sources
5.2%
- tax revenues, non-tax revenues and capital grants.

Tax revenue comprises all the taxes collected by

GHMC, contributing 25.2% to the total revenues (see Non-Tax Revenue Tax Revenues Grants Others
Figure 14.11). Over 90% of this collection comes from
the property tax levied by the corporation. There has Source: GHMC Budget 2022-23

7. As per population projections based on the Census 2011 data ([Link]

[Link])

Urban Development 225

 Box 14.1 of taxpayers and linking it with spatial data
which would give the list of non-tax payers
Augmenting property with addresses

tax collections through GIS-based systems can significantly reduce the

Geographical Information hurdles experienced in traditional methods of
System (GIS) tax collection, such as lack of transparency &
accountability, difficulty in tracking tax evaders,
Property tax is the most important tax levied at the and the requirement of maintaining and regularly
local scale (for example, GHMC earns 90% of all updating spatially complete databases of property
tax revenues through property taxes), and it is vital records. They provide a low-cost solution to
for effective local administration. Though property surveying techniques, and can supplement data
tax is a significant source of revenue, there are on land use with detailed information on the size,
flaws in the traditional tax collection method that capacity, and use cases of different buildings in the
lead to suboptimal revenue collection. city. Consequently, local governments can leverage
this data to improve their property tax collections
In recent times, GIS-based systems for property
considerably.
tax assessment and management have proved
to be an effective tool for augmenting collections. Telangana has taken up the massive exercise
Implementation of GIS based property tax collection of integrating property information spatially by
system involves the following steps: mapping and geo-tagging each property in all of
its 142 ULBs. In partnership with the Indian Space
• Collection of primary data (i.e., categorised
Research Organization’s (ISRO’s) National Remote
property data) through field surveys and drone
Sensing Centre (NRSC), a mobile application titled
surveys
‘Bhuvan’ has been developed, that provides images
• Collection of secondary data (ward boundary and map visualisation to geo-tag all properties.
lists, slum boundary lists, colony categorisation
This would help the Government ensure
list etc) from the concerned departments
transparency in assessment of the properties, as
• Door to door surveys of properties to enable well identify under assessed and un-assessed
the capture of the entire property details using structures. The exercise would bring down
mobile apps unauthorised constructions than permitted in the
building plan approval.
• Mapping survey data using geocode tool and
generation of a unique reference number for As of December 2022, all the 20.8 lakh properties
each building in the 141 ULBs (excluding GHMC) of Telangana
had been mapped through this process. This
• Creation of digital profile which has visual initiative resulted in 172% increase over the
information of building, road, use of lands, and existing demand, and increased revenues to a tune
locality of Rs.88 crore.
• Creation of thematic maps of the property tax Therefore, GIS-based property tax mapping can go
formula parameters where the database will a long way in offering a win-win situation for both,
have visible information like use factor such the government (by increasing the tax base and thus
as commercial, residential; Age factor means tax collection), as well as the citizens (by reducing
a year of construction of the building; Structure the need to raise tax rates to increase revenues).
factor such as kachha, pucca; Occupancy Telangana has set an inspiring example for other
factor such as self‐occupied, tenants cities in the country by not only introducing an
• Calculation of tax using thematic maps innovative way of property tax collection, but also
ensuring its success through constant monitoring.
• Mapping of taxpayers data using the data

226 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

14.7.2 Other Municipal There are ample opportunities for socially,
economically, and environmentally sustainable urban
Corporations
development in Telangana as the state provides
There are 12 other Municipal Corporations in the a conducive atmosphere to unlock and adopt
state. The Greater Warangal Municipal Corporation impactful modern solutions to urbanisation. Out-
(GWMC) is the second largest Municipal Corporation, of-the-box thinking is encouraged in the state in a
with a population of 8.2 lakh. In 2021-22, the GWMC systemic manner, as is evident from the investments
proposed a budget of Rs. 560 crore. The primary made by the Government in setting up of T-Hubs,
sources of revenues for GWMC were tax revenues which support some of the most innovative and
(14.3%), non-tax revenues (18.4%) and capital disruptive startups in the world, some of which are
grants (67%). working on solutions to urban development issues.
The Government also intends to set up an Urban
This is followed by Nizamabad Municipal Corporation,
Centre of Excellence, which would act as a National/
with a population of 3.1 lakh. During 2021-22, the
Regional level think tank on urban issues, and would
corporation proposed a budget of Rs. 391 crore. The
include R&D facilities, a hub for urban innovations,
budget was primarily financed through four sources
a centre for urban start-ups, and training facilities.
- tax revenues (18.8%), non-tax revenues (7.9%),
This would help the state urbanise in a more planned
capital grants (57.9%), and deposits and loans
manner in the future. The Government is also keen
(15.3%).
on experimenting with an Urban Employment
Karimnagar Municipal Corporation has a population Guarantee Scheme. This would not only help bring
of 2.6 lakh. For 2020-21, the Karimnagar Municipal the urban poor within the fold of employment, but
corporation proposed a budget of Rs. 220 crore. They also aid in meeting increasing urban requirements
had three primary sources of revenue - tax receipts for infrastructure. The environment in the state
(18.8%), non-tax receipts (19.6%), and capital grants is also ripe for innovations in the areas of space
(57.9%). technology (given Telangana’s recently released
Space-Tech Framework), smart traffic control, and
14.8 Way Forward other Artificial Intelligence-based and Machine
Learning-based innovations. Telangana’s IT-hubs
The speed and scale of urbanisation can bring forth
and technologists are well-suited to act as pioneers
multiple challenges, such as meeting the accelerated
in deploying meaningful technologies to improve the
demand for affordable housing, viable infrastructure
urban experience.
including transport systems, basic services, and jobs,
particularly for the urban poor who live in informal Given the citizen-centric focus of the Government,
settlements to be near opportunities. However, if Telangana is poised for a future of sustainable,
managed well, urban development can also lead to resilient, and inclusive urbanisation.
prosperous, inclusive, and sustainable growth.

Urban Development 227

 CHAPTER

15
GOVERNANCE

228 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

 Key Highlights
l An increase in the number of public Rs. 1,10,824 lakh crore has been
officials can lead to more effective transferred through DBT since 2014.
governance and can result in more
efficient service delivery to citizens, l According to a study conducted by
improved oversight and regulation, NESDA (National e-Governance
and better decision-making. The Service Delivery Assessment
Government, through TSPSC 2021), Telangana ranked 4th
(Telangana State Public Service among all Indian states in terms
Commission), has notified 17,130 of services utilised by customers
jobs during the year. (April 2022 to under e-governance. The State’s
January 2023). compliance scores of all assessment
parameters improved in 2021 as
l Integrated District Office Complexes compared to that in 2019. The overall
(IDOCs) are constructed by the score increased by 37% in 2021 as
State to bring together multiple compared to that in 2019.
government offices and services in
a single location. The Government l Telangana has achieved a significant
has built 17 IDOCs so far as a feat in e-governance, having the
measure to improve the functioning highest cumulative number of
of the Government and make it more e-transactions per 1,000 population
efficient and accessible to citizens. among all states in India between
2015 and 2022. The state has
l In the past 8 years, the Government ranked second among the non-
of Telangana served over 700 million special category states in the country
beneficiaries through Direct Benefit in terms of the annual number of
Transfer (DBT) mode. More than e-transactions per 1,000 population
during 2022.

Governance 229
15.1. Introduction 15.2. Decentralisation for
Good governance is a term used to describe the way
Good Governance
in which democracy is exercised in the management Decentralisation is a key aspect of good governance
of a country. It generally refers to the processes, as it allows for the delegation of power and authority
institutions, and systems by which authority in a to different levels within the administrative hierarchy.
country is exercised for the benefit of all citizens. This decentralisation leads to improved accessibility
for citizens, greater participation in administration,
Good governance is characterised by several key
and increased accountability in governance. By
attributes, including
making decision-making more localised and tailored
• Transparency, which means that information is to specific issues, decentralisation also speeds up
readily available and accessible to those who the implementation of policies. In order to promote
need it decentralisation and empower local governance
institutions, the Government has implemented
• Participation, which means that citizens have
various measures to strengthen the governance
the opportunity to have a say in the decisions
structure within the state.
that affect them
Table 15.1. Growth in the
• Accountability, which means that those in
positions of power are held responsible for their
administrative divisions in the
actions
state (2015-2023)

• Responsiveness, which means that the Administrative Divisions 2015 2023

Government is responsive to the needs and Districts 10 33
concerns of citizens Revenue Divisions 42 74

• Effectiveness and efficiency, which means that Mandals 464 612

the Government is able to meet its goals and Zilla Praja Parishad 9 32
objectives in a cost-effective and timely manner Mandal Praja Parishad 438 540

Good governance also means that there is the rule Gram Panchayat 8,691 12,769
of law, an independent judiciary and protection Municipal Corporations 6 13
of human rights, and a fair and just society where Municipalities 67 129
everyone is equal under the law. Since the formation
Cantonment Board 1 1
of the State, the Government of Telangana with
Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of
the aim of creating responsible and responsive Telangana
governance, has established various institutions
Note: Panchayat Raj Institutions (PRIs) have three levels of
besides streamlining and strengthening the existing Government: Zilla Praja Parishad at the District level; Mandal Praja
Parishad at the Intermediate level; and Gram Panchayat at the
institutions to fulfil the aspirations of the people in
Village level.
the new state. Accordingly, to uphold the pillars of
“Good Governance”, a multitude of measures have The Government of Telangana has implemented a
been initiated, ensuring decentralised model of governance that utilises local
institutions as a direct link between the Government
1) Decentralisation of administration
and citizens, and empowers them to make their
2) Citizen Centric Governance own decisions. This model is supported by a robust
e-governance system, in which all departments can
3) Law and Order for Public Safety and Security access Information and Communication Technology
for daily tasks, addressing grievances, and public
communication. The Government has also passed

230 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

several laws to further empower local governance The Direct Benefit Transfer into the bank accounts of
institutions and increase citizen participation in the beneficiaries of Rythu Bandhu, Aasara Pensions,
governance. For instance, the Telangana Panchayat Subsidies etc., are a case in point.
Raj Act, 2018 (amended in 2021) aligned to the
According to a study conducted by NESDA (National
Constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992 is one of
e-Governance Service Delivery Assessment 2021),
the key legislation for rural governance in the state,
Telangana ranked 4th among all Indian states
and its main objective is to promote democratic
in terms of services utilised by customers under
decentralisation of power and resources to elected
e-governance. The majority of the services utilised
representatives at the grass-root level. Similarly,
by consumers under e-governance are financial
the Telangana Municipalities Act 2019 governs the
transactions and services provided by local bodies,
municipalities and municipal corporations in the
such as electricity and drinking water, among others.
State.
This shows that Telangana has made significant
Similarly, the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act progress in implementing e-governance services
mandated the formation of Urban Local Bodies and making them accessible to citizens, which has
(ULBs) as the lowest governance unit in cities and led to the high ranking in the NESDA study.
towns. At present, there are 142 ULBs and 10
Urban Development Authorities (UDAs) across the Figure No.15.1
state. Out of the total 142 ULBs, 97 come under Performance Scores of
the Telangana Town Planning Act, of 1920. The e-Governance Portals of
Government enacted the Telangana Municipalities Telangana during 2019 and
Act, 2019 to govern the municipalities and municipal 2021
corporations in the state. The urban agglomeration
1.00
of Hyderabad is governed by the Greater Hyderabad
0.86
0.82
Municipal Corporation Act, 1955 (amended in 2020). 0.78
0.69 0.71
0.68
These laws empower local governance institutions 0.64
0.56 0.56
and increase citizen participation in governance.

15.3 Systems Strengthening

Citizen-Centric Governance
Citizen-Centric governance aims at placing citizens Accessibility Content availability Ease of use Information Overall score
security & privacy
at the centre stage of public administration. This 2019 2021

can be achieved by transparency, efficiency,

stability and continuity in the governance systems. Source: NeSDA 2021 Report

The Government at all levels has endeavoured to

The compliance scores of all assessment
provide citizen-centric governance by developing
parameters improved in 2021 as compared to that
e-governance across the administration.
in 2019. The overall score increased by 37% in 2021
New technologies hold great promise for improving as compared to that in 2019.
government effectiveness, which includes control of
15.3.1 eTaal PROJECT
corruption and efficient delivery of public services
such as education, health, social security, transport eTaal serves as a platform for providing integrated,
etc. The Government of Telangana has leveraged real-time aggregated view of e-Transaction statistics
technology to improve access to services for citizens for major e-Governance programmes which are
and to ensure that services are delivered in a Govt-to-Citizen (G2C), Govt-to-Business (G2B) and
timely and efficient manner, while also increasing Business-to-Citizen (B2C) in nature.
transparency and accountability in service delivery.

Governance 231
• The State of Telangana has achieved a notable
Table 15.2 Government Order
accomplishment in the realm of e-governance,
Issue Register details up to 31st
ranking fifth among all other states with
73,76,83,056 e-transactions conducted from
March 2022
January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022.
Numbers processed
Department
• Telangana has achieved a significant feat in so far
e-governance, having the highest cumulative Secretariat 1,63,896 Government
number of e-transactions per 1,000 population Departments Orders
among all states in India between 2015 and Commercial Taxes
4,26,590 orders
2022 (see Figure 15.2). The state has ranked Department
second among the non-special category states 34,774 orders (as of
Telangana Transco
in the country in terms of the annual number of 08.05.2022).
e-transactions per 1,000 population in 2022. File Monitoring System 6,89,819 currents by all
(FMS) Secretariat Depts.
Figure 15.2. e-Transactions per Secretariat Office
1,000 population (June 2014 to Management System 64,813 communications
January 2023) (SOMS)

Telangana Source: Annual Report of ITE&C Department 2021-22

1,58,241
Andhra Pradesh 1,41,147
Kerala 1,40,709
15.3.3 e-PROCUREMENT
Gujarat 84,794
The e-Procurement platform is being widely adopted
Tamil Nadu 76,803
Chhattisgarh 64,729
by Government departments, local bodies, municipal
West Bengal 54,683 corporations, vendors, cooperative sectors, public
Haryana 46,577 sector undertakings, and other State Governments.
Punjab 41,517 Since the launch of the updated version in October
Madhya Pradesh 39,007
2017, a total of 2,89,079 tenders worth Rs.1,91,966
Rajasthan 26,564
Crore have been floated on the platform. Additionally,
Uttar Pradesh 25,044
Karnataka 22,486
a total of 1,31,503 tenders worth Rs. 69,377 Crore
Jharkhand 18,880 have been successfully completed and finalised as
Odisha 18,127 of May 2022.
Goa 17,666
Maharashtra 15,819 15.3.4 e-OFFICE PROJECT
Bihar 11,267
e-Office envisions a paperless office with increased
Source: e-Taal Portal, Government of India
transparency, efficiency, and accountability of the
15.3.2 GOVERNMENT ORDER organisation. e-Office project is being successfully

ISSUE REGISTER (GOIR) implemented in:

The Government of Telangana prioritises • 30 Secretariat Departments, 113 HODs

transparency and absence of corruption in all (Including all ULBs)

its departments. To ensure this, all government • 33 District Collectorates & Police Offices and all
departments make use of the Online Government 16 TSSP Battalions
Order Issue Register (GOIR) portal to upload and
make available to the public. This website, which has • 1954 Global Organization Units
been in operation for over 10 years, allows citizens
• 137 Government Degree Colleges and 56
to access and download Government Orders from
Polytechnic Colleges
anywhere at any time.

232 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Table 15.3 Status of e-Office as 15.3.6 T-App Folio
of 31st October 2022
The Government launched its m-governance (mobile
Details Number governance) initiative, the T App Folio application, as
Users 32,339 part of Mee Seva 2.0 in 2018. It is an integrated app

Receipts Created 29,94,075 that leverages the deep penetration of mobile usage
in the state to deliver services such as Mee-Seva,
Receipts Moved 70,84,591
Regional Transport Authority services, fee payments
Files Created 8,98,646
and bill payments to the citizens.
Files Moved 74,71,444
Source: Annual Report of ITE&C Department 2021-22 The App has enrolled over 270+ G2C, B2C, VAS and
Informational active services, generating revenue of
15.3.5 Mee Seva Rs.86.7 Crore and launching 12 new services from
“Mee Seva” in Telugu means, ‘At your service’, i.e. January to December 2022. It intends to onboard
service to citizens. It is a good governance initiative another 500+ services. Currently, the app has
that incorporates the vision of the National eGov 14.75 lakh downloads and records close to 2 lakh
Plan “Public Services Closer to Home” and facilitates transactions per month. T-App Folio experienced
a single entry portal for the entire range of G2C& 24.28% increase in the number of citizens served
G2B services. The objective of MeeSeva is to provide between 2020-21 and 2021-22 (see Figure 15.4).
citizen-centric and effective governance facilitated by
Figure 15.4 Number of citizens
technology through Mee Seva centres. The platform
uses Information and Communications Technology
served through T-App Folio
26,12,723
(ICT) innovatively, enabling the electronic delivery of
21,02,211
800-plus services from 90-plus departments.
14,79,962

At present, 4,781 MeeSeva centres are operating

across the state. Electricity and telephone bill 41,258
6,819
payments, police complaints, and tax payments
2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
are the most popular services accessed by citizens
Source: Department of Information Technology, Electronics &
through this platform. MeeSeva handles, on average
Communication, Government of Telangana
1,00,000 to 1,50,000 transactions per day and has
completed more than 17.58 Crore transactions since
its inception. From January to December 2022, the
15.3.7 Smart PDS Solutions
platform served 2.73 crore citizens (see Figure 15.3), [Link] Portability of PDS
handling transactions worth Rs.6,340 Crore.
Telangana has implemented intra as well as inter
Figure 15.3 Year-wise number of state portability of Public Distribution System (PDS)
citizens served through MeeSeva services, to access PDS services from any Fair
Price Shop (FPS) in the Telugu states regardless of
4.15 4.04 3.91 3.72
3.41 where their cards are registered. To ensure smooth
3.11
2.81 2.6 2.73 functioning, the Government allocates 120% of
essential commodities in advance to each FPS and
encourages competition among dealers. Telangana
and Andhra Pradesh are the only states to have
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
implemented a pilot program allowing National Food
Source: Department of Information Technology, Electronics & Security Act cardholders to receive food grains from
Communication, Government of Telangana any FPS under the Integrated Management of Public
Distribution System (IMPS) Scheme.

Governance 233
[Link] Helplines and Consumer The portal allows for registration at the citizens’
doorsteps, with 100% advance slot booking,
Centres
instantaneous mutation and registration. The stamp
In order to ensure transparency and proper duty fee is automatically calculated by the system.
functioning of the targeted Public Distribution Up to 27th January 2023, a significant number of
System and accountability of the functionaries, 23,20,233 transactions have been successfully
24*7 toll-free helplines ‘1967’ and ‘180042500333’ completed through the Dharani portal. The largest
have been established in the State for registration transaction categories were ‘sales’ and ‘gifts’, with
of grievances. Also, the Government of Telangana 58.9% of the total transactions on the portal being
has introduced Consumer Information Centers in sales of land and 18.6% being gifts.
the State for awareness and protection of consumer
The Dharani portal is a significant step forward
rights. Telangana State Food Commission has
in streamlining and modernising the process of
been constituted to monitor and evaluate the
registering and mutating agricultural land in India. By
implementation of the provisions of the National
providing a one-stop solution for these transactions,
Food Security Act in the state.
the portal makes the process more convenient for
[Link] FPS with ePoS and citizens and reduces the need for in-person visits to
Biometric Technology government offices. The high number of transactions
(8,52,874) completed through the portal in a short
As of February 2018, the Government of Telangana period of time, with a majority of them being sales
has successfully automated its fair price shops (FPS) and gifts, is a testament to the portal’s success
by deploying a total of 17,123 electronic point of sale in making the process more accessible and user-
(ePoS) machines across all 33 districts in the state. friendly.
Additional measures such as IRIS recognition and
Aadhaar-based mobile OTP have been implemented Table 15.4. Applications
to ensure cardholders access their ration with ease. Received vs Approved on
Dharani Portal (from November
15.4 Improved Land Records 2020 to December 2022)
Management
Average
15.4.1 Dharani Portal Sl.
Category
Applications Applications
time
No. Received Approved
(in mins)
The Telangana Rights in Land and Pattadar Passbook
Registration
Act, 2020 was enacted to improve and streamline the 1. 17,30,909 16,59,866 47
& Mutation
process for landholders, making it more efficient and 2. Succession 2,09,885 1,98,208 26
convenient for all parties involved. This act brings in
3. Partition 24,126 22,874 31
revolutionary reforms to simplify the process of land
Pending
transactions. The registration process has become 4. 1,79,834 1,79,216 32
Mutation
more widely available with an increase in the
5. NALA 1,01,652 95,676 28
number of registration offices from 141 to 732 in the
Source: Telangana Dharani Portal
State. In October 2020, the Government launched
the Dharani portal with the goal of making the
15.4.2 Telangana State Building
revenue administration process more transparent,
Permission Approval and Self-
user-friendly, and free of discretion. Dharani is a
straightforward and user-friendly web portal that
Certification System (TS-bPASS)
provides a one-stop solution for the registration and TS-bPASS launched on 16th November , 2020, is
mutation of agricultural lands. As of January 2023, an online platform developed by the Government
33 transaction modules and 10 information modules of Telangana to streamline the process of obtaining
have been made available on the Dharani portal. building permits and approvals. The system allows

234 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

builders, architects and individuals to apply for
building permits, track their status, and self-certify
15.5 Mobile Governance
that their plans comply with building regulations. 15.5.1 Real-time Digital
The system is intended to make the process of Authentication of Identity
obtaining building permits more efficient and reduce
(RTDAI)
the need for in-person visits to government offices.
It is a valuable tool for streamlining the process of Electronic Service Delivery (ESD), a wing of ITE&C,
obtaining various permissions required during land has developed a solution called RTDAI in 2019, which
development and building construction in Telangana. utilises Big Data, AI, ML, etc. to create a document-
As of 15th January 2023, 1,97,223 applications were less and presence-less governance mechanism.
received under TS-bPASS, of which 52.5% (1,03,503) This solution has the potential to greatly improve
have been approved. The remaining applications are the quality of interactions between government
either rejected due to non-fulfilment of mandatory departments and citizens. Four major services
requirements or are still being processed. (DOST, RTA, FEST, PLCS)1 are provided to citizens
under RTDAI. During 2022, 4 Lakh transactions
Nearly half of the total applications received
generated a cumulative revenue of Rs.5.1 Crore.
through TS-bPASS were to the Directorate of Town
and Country Planning (DT&CP) with 49.18%. The 15.5.2 T-Wallet
Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority
T-Wallet, launched in 2017, is a first-of-its-kind
(HMDA) and the Greater Hyderabad Metropolitan
state-owned digital wallet. It can be accessed
Corporation (GHMC) received 29,161 (31.37% of the
through online browsers, smartphones, and feature
total) and 18,078 (19.45% of the total) applications
phones, as well as in ‘no phone’ mode. T-Wallet
respectively. HMDA had the highest approval rate at
can be used for both Government and private
70.65%, followed by GHMC and DT&CP at 68.34%
transactions. The users can avail 1,032 services
and 67.47% respectively.
across 73 departments, including the payment of
The high approval rate of the applications received by tolls, utilities, and Government benefits/subsidies.
the HMDA, GHMC, and DT&CP further demonstrates As of February 2022, a total of 12,94,085 users
the efficiency of the platform and its effectiveness in and 15,827 merchants were registered for T Wallet,
simplifying the process. The fact that nearly half of and 11,59,179 government and 1,55,27,521 non-
the total applications were to the DT&CP, with HMDA government transactions were carried out through
and GHMC also receiving a significant number of the app.
applications, highlights the wide reach and impact of
In 2022, the Government has made significant strides
the TS-bPASS platform.
in driving the adoption of T Wallet among citizens
Table 15.5. Status of TS-bPASS and Government departments. 3.3 Lakh citizens
Applications Upto 17 January have used the channel, generating a transactional
2023 value of Rs.3,900 Crore. About 21 new services
are added from various departments and agencies
Type Received Approved
during 2022-23. Bharat bill Payment Services like
Instant Approval 1,30,639 1,04,531
FASTag recharge, Gas Cylinder booking, Insurance
Instant Registration 19,719 6,215
Premium Payment, etc are the prominent services
Single Window-Building 13,422 6,596
launched during this period.
Single Window-Layout 1,293 551
Source: Municipal Administration and Urban Development (MA&UD)

1. DOST- Degree Online Services Telangana

RTA- Regional Transport Authority
FEST- Friendly Electronic Services of Transport Department
PLCS- Pensioners Life Certificate Authentication through Selfie

Governance 235
15.5.3 RTA m-Wallet displayed with a complete facility address, contact
details, map directions, and the list of diagnostic
The RTA m-Wallet app, which was launched in March services available at the laboratory.
2016 has seen over 50 lakh downloads and provides
a user-friendly interface for managing important 15.5.6 Arogyasri App
vehicle-related documents. It allows users to store
The Aarogyasri HealthCare Trust’s health care app
digital copies of their driving licence, registration
launched in April 2016 is a useful tool for citizens
certificate, and motor insurance. Motorists can display
who enrolled in the Aarogyasri Health Scheme of
these documents on their smartphones through the
Telangana State. The app provides users with access
app during police or Road Transport Authority (RTA)
to a variety of features that make it easier to manage
checks. The documents once downloaded on the
their healthcare needs. Users can check their Health
application will be saved permanently, allowing for
Card status, locate nearby empanelled hospitals on
easy access and storage.
a map, and search for hospitals based on speciality

15.5.4 My GHMC App and scheme. Additionally, the app allows users to
check the status of their treatments and report any
The Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation problems or grievances they may have. This app is
(GHMC) launched a mobile app called ‘My GHMC a valuable resource for individuals enrolled in the
App’ in July 2016, which provides citizens with five Aarogyasri Health Schemes as it provides them with
important services. The integrated services offered easy access to important information and services
through the app include the payment of property tax related to their healthcare. This app is a step forward
and trade licence fees, viewing the status of Layout by the Government to provide a more efficient and
Regularization Scheme (LRS) applications, applying user-friendly system for the citizens.
for pet dog licences, downloading birth and death
certificates, and submitting civic-related grievances 15.5.7 T-Ration App
such as issues with manholes, potholes, mosquitoes,
The Government of Telangana launched T-Ration
open dumping points, and streetlights.
mobile app on 8th September 2017, for providing

15.5.5 Telangana Diagnostics better services to Ration card holders. There are a
total of 2.83 Crore PDS beneficiaries with a total of
App
17,500 Fair Price Shops in the state. App offers 7 G2C
In May 2022, the Government of Telangana launched (Government to Citizen) and 13 G2G (Government to
a mobile application to make free healthcare more Government) services.
accessible. These state-run diagnostic centres
It provides information on the allocation of
offer free services with the aim of reducing medical
commodities to a particular ration card, ration shop
expenses for the poor. Trained personnel at these
location, allocation of commodities to a ration shop,
centres collect samples for a range of tests, including
current stock at the ration shop and ration card
blood, urine, microbiology, and radiology. The results
transactions.
are sent to the registered phone number. Patients
who visit these state-run healthcare facilities can use 15.5.8 Prajavani
the app to track, view and download their medical
reports for all the tests that they have submitted The term ‘Prajavani’ means ‘Voice of People’. It is
samples at the T-Diagnostic laboratories. Users can a centralised public grievance redressal system,
also use the mobile application to access previous and all districts hold grievance redressal sessions
medical reports from their visits to the patient every Monday from 10 am to 1 pm as part of it. The
database. This patient-centric mobile application District Collector and all District Officers take public
can also be utilised to search the location of the grievances directly.
nearest T-diagnostic testing laboratory, which will be

236 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Citizens can file complaints via the prajavani portal carriers. Additionally, users can purchase metro
or in writing, and their concerns are addressed within tickets and find the locations of nearby TSRTC bus
specific time constraints. Cumulatively, 4,23,186 stops and train stations.
issues have been raised as of 18th January 2023, out
of which 3,38,733 issues (80%) have been disposed 15.6.4 Hyderabad Metro tickets
of since it’s inception. via WhatsApp
15.6 Smart Mobility The Hyderabad Metro Rail has launched an end-to-

Governance end digital payment-enabled Metro ticket booking

through the WhatsApp e-ticketing facility in October
15.6.1 Intelligent-Ticket Issue 2022. It is the first Metro rail in the country to roll out a
Machine (i-TIMS) fully digital payment-enabled WhatsApp e-ticketing
facility.
The Telangana State Road Transport Corporation
(TSRTC) will soon move to Android-based ticket 15.6.5 Anywhere-Anytime
issuing machines. The move is expected to allow services in Regional Transport
passengers to book tickets 15 minutes before the Authority (RTA)
departure of buses. Intelligent-Ticket Issue Machine
(i-TIMS), the move is touted as passenger-friendly The Government has introduced ‘Anytime Anywhere’,

and is expected to save time. As many as 928 an m-governance project through which the citizens

i-TIMS will be procured. These machines will be can avail basic RTA services without visiting the

operated on long-distance routes where the online Regional Transport Offices. 71,072 transactions

bookings and reservations are closed an hour before related to licences and registrations have been

departure. Payments can be made using debit and recorded under this project.

credit cards and by means of UPI. Information about

15.7 Public Safety, Policing,
the number of vacant seats as well as the estimated
time of arrival of buses will also be made available
and Prisoners’ Welfare
to passengers. In another development, the TSRTC is The police force plays a vital role in maintaining
also planning to roll out smart cards for passengers. peace and upholding law and order in society. The
Government of Telangana, in collaboration with the
15.6.2 TSRTC Bus Tracking community, is committed to fulfilling the needs of the
Application citizens by offering efficient and effective services

In the pursuit of encouraging citizens to travel by through programs that focus on crime prevention

state-run buses, a bus tracking app is made available and protection, with a genuine concern for the safety

to improve the accuracy of the state-run public and well-being of the public.

transport service. This initiative helps passengers to Modernising the Police Stations: The Government
know the arrival and departure of buses at various of Telangana has taken initiatives to upgrade the
stops across Telangana and nearby states where existing police stations in the state to become “smart
TSRTC services are available so that the passengers and responsive police stations” that are focused on
plan their travel to avoid unwanted waiting time at providing “citizen-centric uniform service delivery” to
the bus stops/stations. the public. As part of this initiative, 22,347 Stipendiary
Cadet Trainee Police Constables (SCTPC) were
15.6.3 T-Savaari App
recruited from various police units across the state
The T-Savaari app offers a one-stop solution for and provided with a nine-month induction training
transportation needs, providing information on program between 2014 and 2020.
various modes of transportation, including TSRTC
buses, MMTS trains, metro trains, and private

Governance 237
Police Administration: After the reorganisation showing an increase of 105.03%. The highest number
of the districts in the state in 2016, a total of 119 of cases were reported from Cyberabad (4,412)
police stations, 33 circles, 24 subdivisions, 20 followed by Hyderabad (3,303) and Rachakonda
District Police Offices and 9 Commissionerates were (1,548).
established to enhance the accessibility of citizens
to police administration. To staff these new facilities, [Link] Telangana Cyber
the Government has undertaken a significant Security Policy, 2016
recruitment effort, with 28,277 police personnel in
The state of Telangana has a unique set of
the past 7 years and 92 Assistant Public Prosecutors.
regulations in place specifically for addressing cyber
Additionally, the Government has implemented a
security issues. This policy was created in response
reservation for women in recruitment, with 33.3%
to the growing global concern over cyber threats and
of positions set aside for female candidates. In May
potential cyber warfare. The state hopes to set up
2022, the Telangana State Level Police Recruitment
a cyber security emergency response team in the
Board announced the recruitment of an additional
process and ramp up its awareness and safe cyber
17,516 police personnel in various roles.
practice programmes among citizens. Some of the

Table 15.6. Police Administration salient features include

Details 1. Establishment of a state-level Cyber Security

Coordination Centre (CSCC) to monitor and
%
Police Administration 2015 2019 respond to cyber security incidents.
increase
No. police districts 10 20 100% 2. Creation of a dedicated Cyber Crime Investigation
No. of Unit (CCIU) to investigate cyber crimes and
2 9 350%
commissionerates provide technical assistance to law enforcement

Total strength of the agencies.

52,116 77,680 50%
police force
3. Implementation of a Cyber Security Incident
No. of Assistant Management System (CSIMS) to enable rapid
Sub Inspectors and 47,925 72,231 50.72%
response to cyber incidents.
Constables (together)
No. of inspectors 4. Development of a cyber security ecosystem
and sub-inspectors 3,753 4,909 30.80% through the establishment of a cyber security
(together)
cluster and incubation centre.
Source: Telangana State Police Department
5. Collaboration with other states and national
15.7.1 Cybercrime agencies to improve cyber security across the
country.
Cybercrime is a rapidly evolving transnational crime
that can be committed across borders and affects [Link] Telangana Cyber Crime
individuals and societies globally. It is essential to Coordination Centre (T4C)
take a comprehensive and timely approach to combat
it. The Telangana Government promotes sustainable The Telangana Cyber Crime Coordination Centre
efforts in countering cybercrime by supporting (T4C) was established in 2021 with the purpose
national structures and action. The Government’s of providing round-the-clock assistance to victims
efforts include providing technical assistance in of cyber fraud. The centre has a 24x7 call centre
capacity building, prevention, awareness raising, that helps to coordinate with district police in
cooperation, data collection, research, and analysis the registration, investigation and detection of
of cybercrime. 10,303 cases were registered under cybercrime cases. The centre has been active since
Cyber Crime in 2021 as against 5,025 cases in 2020, its establishment and is available to address cyber

238 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

fraud complaints made to the National Cyber Crime safety. The state continues to be the leader in the
Helpline Number – 1930. T4C has successfully country, with 10,13,294 CCTV surveillance cameras
prevented almost 30 crores of public money from installed.
being lost to cyber fraudsters.
Table 15.7. CCTV Details as of
15.7.2 Telangana Narcotics January 2023
Bureau
Cameras installed by Number
The Government of Telangana established a narcotics
Community 84,535
bureau in 2016 to enforce the laws related to the
Nenu Saitham (citizens) 9,10,278
possession, sale, and distribution of illegal drugs.
The agency works to combat drug trafficking and Government 9,099
abuse within the State and conducts investigations MP/MLAs 5,471
and arrests of individuals involved in the illegal drug CSR 3,911
trade. The Telangana Narcotics Bureau is part of
Total 10,13,294
the larger Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) of India,
Source: Department of Home Affairs, Government of Telangana
which is responsible for enforcing drug laws on a
national level. [Link] Hawk Eye App
In order to crack down heavily on the drug menace The Hawk Eye app developed by Telangana Police
in the city, the Hyderabad police have launched two has gained popularity among the citizens, with over
special units: 3.1 million users since its launch in December 2014.
1. The Hyderabad Narcotics Enforcement Wing It is the second most widely used app among all the
(H-NEW) and apps launched by various state police departments in
India, as per the Data on Police Organisations (DoPO)
2. Narcotics Investigation Supervision Wing (NISW) 2021 issued by the Bureau of Police Research and
Development under the Union Home Ministry. The
The HNEW wing of the agency focuses on addressing
app has a prominent feature of an SOS button that
organised drug trafficking, while the NISW wing
allows users to get immediate help in an emergency.
assists in investigating officers, building strong
The app also facilitates users to report traffic
cases, and ensuring convictions. The NISW will be
violations, criminal activities, crimes against women,
led by an Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACP)
police misconduct and also to provide suggestions
rank officer and assisted by an Inspector and a Sub-
for improving policing and to report good work done
Inspector with a support staff of six head constables
by the police.
or constables.

15.7.3 Digital Tools for Policing [Link] VERIFAST App

The Government of Telangana has launched a mobile
[Link] CCTV Surveillance application to streamline the process of verifying
System and issuing passports. This application enables
The Government of Telangana has set up a the citizens of Telangana to complete the process
comprehensive network of CCTV cameras throughout of getting a passport in 4 days on average, as
the state to help curb, detect and decrease criminal opposed to the national average of 21 days for police
activity. According to a survey conducted by the verification. The application allows the applicants
U.K based organisation Comparitech, Hyderabad is to be constantly updated about the status of their
ranked 16th among the top 20 most surveilled cities passport application via SMS messaging services on
in the world based on the number of cameras and their mobile phones.

Governance 239
[Link] Body-Worn Cameras [Link] H-TRIMS (Hyderabad
Traffic Integrated Management
To improve policing and police behaviour, the
Hyderabad Traffic Police has introduced the use of
System) :
Body Worn Cameras. This innovative approach aims Hyderabad Traffic Integrated Management System
to promote socially desirable behaviour by police (H-TRIMS) is a project implemented within the limits
officers. Police officers have significant powers and of GHMC that aims to improve traffic management
there have been instances of abuse of these powers. through the operation and maintenance of 213
The use of body-worn cameras can have a positive traffic signals. Currently, 122 Automatic Traffic
impact on relations between the police and civilians Signal Control (ATSC) systems have been installed,
by providing transparency and accountability in their with 111 currently in operation. Additionally,
interactions. 94 Pedestrian Signal Systems (PSS) have been
installed, with 78 online and controlled by the
15.7.4 Policing Infrastructure
Traffic Command Control Centre (TCC). The project
[Link] Command Control is a joint initiative between GHMC and Hyderabad
Centre Traffic Police and provides the city with the latest
centrally monitored traffic signalling system, which
The Command Control Centre, inaugurated by is the Adaptive Traffic Control System (ATCS). The
Hon’ble Chief Minister on 4th August 2022, is a system reduces waiting time at signal junctions and
state-of-the-art facility that serves as a multi- saves idling fuel costs and reduces GreenHouse Gas
agency technological fusion centre and is the first emissions. The signals are bright and have better
of its kind in the nation. The centre aids the state visibility, and they also have more uptime in case of
police force in bringing together several units under power interruption. Live traffic alerts are also being
one roof and is focused on operational coordination. displayed on Variable Messaging Boards (VMBs) for
It also serves as a platform for crisis management, the benefit of commuters.
disaster management, and other major emergency
situations. Located in Hyderabad as part of the Safe [Link] Traffic Education
and Smart City project, the Command Control Centre
In 2022, awareness programs were conducted
is commonly referred to as the ‘Third Eye’ of the city
in 406 schools, junior and degree colleges, and
police.
engineering colleges, in which traffic education was
[Link] AI-based Traffic Signal provided to 76,997 students. These programs aim to
improve traffic awareness among citizens and make
Control System
Hyderabad a city with “zero” traffic violations. These
To improve traffic flow and enhance road safety at programs have led to a significant increase in the
major intersections in the city, the Greater Hyderabad public’s habit of wearing helmets and fastening seat
Municipal Corporation (GHMC) has implemented belts.
new Adaptive Traffic Signal Control (ATSC) systems
which adjust traffic signal timings based on real- [Link] E-challan
time traffic data. The State plans to install 334 traffic Telangana is the only state having a statewide
signals, of which 212 would be H-TRIMS (Hyderabad e-challan system. In March 2022, Hyderabad traffic
Traffic Integrated Management Systems) across the police collected a total of Rs. 275 crores via various
city. In 2022-23, GHMC has planned to install 96 online payment gateways during their instalment
Adaptive Traffic Signal Control (ATSC) systems, and challans drive, which allowed violators to clear their
70 signals using the Pelican system. pending challans. With the help of technology, 99.9%
of challans were cleared online.

240 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

To encourage people to clear their pending challans, of women and children in the digital realm. The
Hyderabad traffic police ran a month-long campaign organisation has recognized the increasingly vital
that offered discounts of up to 75%. role that technology plays in our daily lives and the
importance of ensuring that the online experience
15.7.5 Women’s Safety is secure and protected for all. The campaign aims
to empower women and children to navigate the
[Link] SHE Teams
complexities of the digital world with confidence and
The She Teams initiative, launched on 24th of to be informed on how to safeguard their personal
October 2014, is a pioneering program established information in cyberspace.
by the Government of Telangana, aimed at creating
Through creating awareness, the initiative aims to
a safe and protective atmosphere for women and is a
educate women and children on the various online
first-of-its-kind initiative in India. The services of SHE
dangers that they may face, including cyberbullying,
teams drew wholesome praise from all quarters of
online harassment, and the sharing of personal
society and, more recently, by the Hon’ble President
information without consent. It also endeavours to
of India, Smt. Draupadi Murmu during her Southern
provide proactive measures such as teaching them
Sojourn in December 2022. She stated the crucial
how to use privacy settings, how to detect and report
role of SHE teams and their influence on enhancing
suspicious activity, and how to secure their digital
women’s safety.
devices. CybHER initiative has reached over 3.75
Women in distress can reach out to the SHE teams lakh school children up to January 2023.
through various channels, including WhatsApp, Dial
100, the Hawk Eye App, e-mail, or social media. The [Link] QR Code Mechanism for
331 SHE teams in the state have received a total complaint
number of 42,788 complaints from the year October
The Women Safety Wing in Telangana launched a
2014 to 31st October 2022.
new mode of the complaint called QR Code scan in
[Link].1 State Capital is Safe March 2021. 40,000 QR code barcodes in Telugu,
English and Urdu language were distributed to all
for Women
districts in the state. Through this facility, victims can
A study published in January 2022 by the Avatar file complaints and send feedback by scanning the
Group, a diversity, equity & inclusion solutions firm, barcode. These barcodes are placed on all the metro
identified several cities in India as being particularly trains and at every metro station, TSRTC bus depots
inclusive and supportive of women. These cities were and bus stands, inside buses, and major railway
recognized for their efforts to take women’s issues stations in all the city police commissionerates.
and perspectives into account in their planning and When scanned, the barcode lands directly into the
decision-making processes. The study found that SHE Team software, and the concerned SHE Team
the five most inclusive cities with a population of in-charge will contact the victim for further details if
more than 1 Million are Chennai, Pune, Bengaluru, needed and take action based on the complaint and
Hyderabad and Mumbai. Among these cities, evidence and send feedback to the victim. During the
Hyderabad had a City Inclusion Score of 62.47 and year 2022, 20% of the total complaints were received
secured 4th position in the list of Top 25 women- through the QR code mechanism.
friendly cities in the country. Additionally, Warangal
ranked 16th in the list of category 2 (cities with a [Link] Anti-Human Trafficking
population of less than 1 million). Unit
[Link] CybHER - Safe for Her In 2019, the Government of Telangana has taken a
significant step in addressing the problem of human
The Women Safety Wing in July 2020, launched a trafficking with the establishment of Anti-Human
commendable initiative to safeguard the well-being Trafficking Units (AHTUs) in 31 police districts and

Governance 241
commissionerates. The Women Safety Wing, as the Campaign, ‘Avagahana Vaarotstavalu’ was
nodal agency, plays a crucial role in monitoring the conducted by AHTUs in selected vulnerable villages
functioning of these units and working with various based on crime report in Telangana from 1st June-
stakeholders to put an end to human trafficking in 2022 to 10th June-2022
the state.
[Link] Dhruva Portal
The formation of AHTUs and the allocation of
adequate resources such as 1 inspector, 2 sub- “DHRUVA” launched on 11th February 2021, is

inspectors, 2 head constables, and 4 police constables the first comprehensive online platform dedicated

(with at least one woman constable) in each unit to providing information and resources on the

shows the Government’s commitment to tackle topic of human trafficking. Developed as part of

human trafficking in the state. This ensures that the a larger initiative to combat trafficking in the state

AHTUs have the necessary personnel and logistics of Telangana, the portal aims to raise awareness

to efficiently carry out their mandate. In the State, among key stakeholders, including law enforcement,

342 cases of human trafficking were recorded during legal professionals, and the general public. By

2022 (till November). 645 victims were rescued and offering a wide range of information and resources,

491 traffickers were arrested during this period. including explanations of key concepts, protocols,
and guidelines, “Dhruva” serves as a valuable
Awareness Campaigns resource for understanding and addressing the issue
of human trafficking.
A total of 2,252 Awareness Programs were conducted
by AHTUs across the State on the safety of Women [Link] Missing Persons
and Children to make awareness among the public monitoring cell
on Child Marriage, Human Trafficking, Child/ Bonded
Labour, Legal Procedure for the adoption of children, The Missing Persons Monitoring Cell is a dedicated
Elopement, Cyber abuse etc during the year of 2022 unit established in November 2021, with the goal
(till November). of efficiently and effectively locating and returning
missing individuals to their families. The cell has
National Gender Awareness been set up in collaboration with key stakeholders,
Campaigns including UNICEF, the Women and Child Development
(WCD) department, and the National Informatics
As per guidelines of the Ministry of Home Affairs,
Centre (NIC), in order to trace missing people and
Women Safety Division, New Delhi, the AHTUs,
ensure their safety until they are reunited with their
SHE Teams, and Women Helpdesks of Telangana
loved ones or rehabilitated.
State conducted Gender Awareness Campaigns
in collaboration with Child Line & My Choices The team is composed of a Superintendent of Police
Foundation NGOs on an Emergency response (SP) as the head, an Inspector, a Sub-Inspector, one
support system (dial 112), Child Line (dial 1098), police constable from the Women Safety Wing’s
dial 100, Women helpdesks, Human Trafficking, analysis team, three coordinators or support staff,
Child Marriages, Child/ Bonded Labour, Cyber one representative from UNICEF, one police constable
frauds across the State from 3rd to 23rd December from the Anti-Human Trafficking Unit and one police
2022. The awareness campaigns were conducted constable from the Cyber Module.
at Schools, Colleges, Public Places, Weekly market
A total of 16,980 missing cases were registered in
places, Hospitals, with Self Help Groups, with
Telangana State in the year 2022 (up to October).
Village Child Protection Committees, Anganwadi
Centres, Youth Associations, etc. 10 Day Awareness

242 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Operation Muskaan/Smile particularly women and children. These centres are
designed to provide a range of services including
Programme
legal aid, counselling, medical assistance, and police
The Government of Telangana has been running assistance under one roof. The centres have a team
an annual program called “Operation Smile” since of trained counsellors and social workers to provide
2015, which aims to locate missing children, rescue emotional and psychological support to the victims.
children who have been trafficked or forced into
The main aim of Bharosa Centers is to provide a safe
labour, and assist street children. Since its inception,
and secure environment for victims to report crimes
the program has rescued 46,667 children, reunited
and receive assistance. As of January 2023, the State
25,482 of them with their families, and sent 21,185
has 15 Bharosa Centers.
children to various childcare institutions for care and
rehabilitation. 15.7.6 Disaster Risk Governance
[Link] Pride Place - The State Disaster Response and Fire Services
Transgender (LGBQIA+) Persons Department responds to
Protection Cell
1. Fire fighting, preventing and creating public
Pride Place is an initiative of the Government of awareness
Telangana that was launched on 12th April 2022
2. Natural Disasters like Cyclones, floods, and
that aims to provide safety and security, as well as
drowning
prevent crimes against transgender and LGBQIA+
(Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Queer, Intersex, and Asexual) 3. Man Made Disasters like Rail/Road/Aircraft
individuals. The initiative seeks to work closely with accidents, Buildings Collapses
these communities to build an inclusive society that
is safe for all individuals, regardless of their sex, 4. Chemicals, Biological and Nuclear Emergencies.

gender, and sexuality. The objectives of Pride Place 5. Flushing out of stagnated water in submerged
include: areas during heavy rains/Urban Flooding.

1. Establishing Transgender Protection (LGBQIA+) 6. Responding to accidents/Emergencies and

person Cells at the state and district levels. rescuing trapped people and animals.

2. Increasing public awareness and education The State Fire Services Department has a sanctioned
about transgender people’s rights, and providing strength of 2,990, with 137 Fire stations and 415
guidance on how to implement transgender laws Fire vehicles. The state has procured firefighting
in the state. vehicles and equipment worth Rs. 68.61 Crore

3. Encouraging the creation of trans-inclusive from 2014 to 2022, to provide effective emergency

workplaces in both the public and private sectors. services to citizens. So far, about 40,000 public
education programmes have been conducted in
[Link] Bharosa Centres schools/hospitals, Government offices, factories and
industries, besides organising 920 mock drills and
Bharosa Centers launched in 2016, are one-stop
2,643 surprise inspections.
centres established by the Government of Telangana
to provide support and assistance to victims of crimes,

Governance 243
Table: 15.8. Disaster Risk Governance (2014-2022)
No. of Lives No. of Lives
No. of Serious No. of Rescue & Property Saved
Year Saved (Fire Saved (Other
Fire Accidents Emergency Calls (in Crores.)
Calls) than Fire calls)
2014 116 200 434.99 125 0
2015 147 245 559.55 207 0
2016 108 285 371.97 226 770
2017 124 346 682.12 228 287
2018 103 351 888.27 30 333
2019 108 333 770.47 115 278
2020 99 541 959.86 59 946
2021 86 536 1,501.62 30 558
2022 (Upto Nov.) 92 529 5,635.36 241 935
Total 983 3,366 11,804.21 1,261 4,107
Source: State Disaster Response and Fire Services Department

15.7.7 Prisoners’ Welfare In 2022, 53,965 convicts exist in the state. Out of
these, 6,786 prisoners are currently confined in all the
The Government of Telangana emphasises the jails in the state as of 11th December 2022. Of these,
importance of correctional institutions in promoting 2,064 are inmates, 4,533 are under trial, and 189 are
public safety and social justice. The State Police detenues. The total accommodation capacity of all
and Prisons departments ensure that convicts are the jails in the state is 7,845.
punished in respect of the law through competent
The Government of Telangana has taken initiatives
judicial institutions. At the same time, the Government
to improve the prison infrastructure and provide
recognises the necessity of protecting prisoners’
skill development opportunities for prisoners. Key
fundamental rights and rehabilitating them via
initiatives among these are :
remedial training.

There are 47 prisons in the state of which 20 are [Link] Good Governance for
sub-jails and 7 are district jails (see Figure 15.5). Prisons
Figure 15.5 Category-wise [Link].1 E-Mulakath
Prisons in Telangana The Government of Telangana has introduced
1 1
1 e-Mulakath services in all its prisons for inmates
1
3 to interact with their families through video
4
conferencing. The family or kin of the prisoners
20
can register on the e-Prisons web portal to avail
e-mulakth services.
7
[Link].2 UNNATI Programme
9 The UNNATI program is a one-month cognitive-
Institution Sub Jails behavioural skill development program designed to
District Sub Jail Offices District Jails reform prisoners and reduce the rate of recidivism.
Special Sub Jails Central Prisons
The program focuses on providing psychological
Prisoner's Agricultural Colony SICA Hyderabad

Special Prison for Women, Hyderabad Borstal School, Nizamabad counselling sessions to prisoners to help them
Source: Department of Home Affairs, Government of Telangana
change their offending behaviour and lead more
respectable lives. The UNNATI program has been

244 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

successful in achieving this goal, resulting in a Additionally, the department also maintains 27
significant reduction in the rate of re-incarceration of petrol outlets in the state that provide employment
prisoners who have completed the program. to the convicts. An MOU was entered with Godrej
Industries for the manufacture of Steel Furniture at
[Link].3 Education to Prisoners Central Prison, Cherlapally.
The Government of Telangana has recognized the
15.8 TSPSC- Recruitment
importance of education for prisoners, as it has
proven to have significant personal benefits for them
Drive
post-release. Ex-convicts who have low levels of The Government recognizes the role of public officials
education often have a hard time finding employment and considers them to be the backbone to provide
or social support, which can increase their chances efficient governance. In order to provide effective
of committing crimes and returning to prison. With governance and promote transparency in the
this in mind, the Government has made efforts to selection of suitable candidates for various posts, the
educate prisoners in the state. Government through TSPSC (Telangana State Public
Service Commission) issued 135 Direct Recruitment
Dr. BR Ambedkar Open University and IGNOU
Notifications for around 55,144 vacancies in the
have established their study centres in Central
past 8 years. During 2022, the Commission has
Prison, Cherlapally. Recently, 28 inmates received
notified the filling up of 17,134 posts through Direct
postgraduate degrees in MSC Psychology.
Recruitment. (up to January 1st, 2023).
Additionally, educated prisoners in all central prisons
and women in special prisons are given computer Table 15.9 Major Notifications
training. from April 2022 to January 2023
[Link].4 Mahaparivarthan
Sl. No. of
Category
This scheme aims to provide interest-free loans to No. Posts
convicted prisoners who have demonstrated good
1. Group-I Services 503
conduct and have at least three years of remaining
sentence. These loans are intended to help the 2. Group-II Services 783
prisoners and their families, and assist them in their
3. Group-III Services 1,365
rehabilitation and reintegration into society once they
are released from prison. The scheme also provides 4. Group-IV Services 8,039
an opportunity for them to build a better future for
Assistant Executive Engineers In
themselves and their family and reduce recidivism. 5. 1,540
Various Engineering Departments

[Link].5 Training and Assistant Engineer, Municipal

Livelihood Opportunities Assistant Engineer, Technical
6. Officer And Junior Technical 833
The Government provides vocational training to
Officer In Various Engineering
inmates in professions such as steel furniture making,
Departments
soap making, weaving, notebook binding, and
tailoring in order to provide livelihood opportunities Junior Lecturers Under The Control
for convicts and to upskill them in preparation for 7. Of Commissioner Of Intermediate 1,392
their life after release from jail. The Government’s Education
overall objective is to mainstream ex-convicts by 8. Hostel Welfare Officers 581
offering them the opportunity to lead a respectable
Source: Telangana State Public Service Commission
life.

Governance 245
15.9 Welfare of Persons inauguration by the Hon’ble Chief Minister in 2023.
The building is designed with a lower ground floor,
with Disabilities, Senior ground floor, and 11 floors with a built-up area of
Citizens and Transgenders 64,989 sq.m (around seven lakh sq. ft). It is equipped
In order to improve the welfare and services for with state-of-the-art technologies such as the
persons with Disabilities, Senior citizens and Internet of Things (IoT) as well as future-ready
Transgender persons in the state, the Government features such as thermal sensitivity and voice-
of Telangana has demerged the welfare of disabled controlled lighting etc.
and senior citizens department from the Women
15.11 Leveraging
development and child welfare department at the
district level. The newly created department has
Technology for Financial
been renamed as the Department for Empowerment
Management
of persons with disabilities, Senior citizens and
15.11.1 Integrated Financial
Transgenders. This move indicates the Government’s
Management and Information
commitment to providing more effective services to
these marginalised sections of society.
System (IFMIS)
IFMIS is a Unified platform developed by the
15.10 Integrated District Government of Telangana to promote the
Office Complexes efficiency of Government financial management
In 2016, the Government of Telangana in its efforts methodologies, secure data management, deep-
to decentralise the administration, reorganised the financial analytics and customised visual reporting.
number of districts from 10 to 33 and decided to The State Government employees can obtain their
build new Integrated Collectorate Office Complexes Monthly payslips and access their details through
that would have all offices in the district under one this web portal. IFMIS offers many other services
roof with the best infrastructure. To ease governance, such as UTR reports, Budget Volumes, Challans,
reduce human effort and increase collaboration Challan Forms, etc.
among departments, the Government has proposed
15.11.2 Direct Benefit Transfer
to construct 29 Integrated District Offices Complexes
(IDOCs). Out of the proposed 29 IDOCs, 17 have
(DBT)
been inaugurated as of January 31st, 2023. Direct Benefit Transfer, by cutting out the middlemen,
has changed the mechanism of transferring cash
The intention behind IDOCs is to ensure that the
subsidies and benefits. The program was aimed at
district-level offices are easily accessible to the
the transfer of subsidies and cash benefits directly
common man, unlike in the past when people had
to the people through their Aadhaar-seeded bank
to travel long distances to submit their requests
accounts with the hope that crediting subsidies
or grievances. The IDOCs have been designed to
into the bank accounts would substantially reduce
house departments that have the maximum public
leakages, and associated delays, owing to the flow
interface. These include the departments handling
of funds in a multi-hierarchy of administrative offices
revenue affairs, offices of BC, SC, and ST welfare
till it reaches the end beneficiary. In the past 8 years,
corporations, DRDAs, and others.
the Government of Telangana served over 700
15.10.1 Dr. B. R. Ambedkar million beneficiaries (cumulative) through this mode.
Telangana Secretariat More than Rs. 1,10,824 lakh crore (cumulative) has
been transferred through Direct Benefit Transfer
The new integrated secretariat complex at (DBT) mode since 2014.
Hyderabad, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Telangana
Secretariat, is nearing completion and is slated for

246 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Table 15.10 Status of DBT application services to various government
departments in the state. It also supports district
during 2022-23
administration by providing necessary geospatial
As on 23rd January, inputs. TRAC has created digital databases
Particulars and developed information systems for various
2023
departments and provides domain expertise and
Amount transferred 16,354 Crore
digital infrastructure to help the State develop RS GIS-
No. of transactions 604 Lakhs
based Applications and Decision Support Systems
No. of Schemes 135 for planning, development and monitoring of natural
No. of Departments 20 resources. The centre has mapped and analysed
Source: Telangana DBT website land use/land cover changes, digitised land records,
generated Remote Sensing based in-season Acreage
15.12 Institutions to and Production Estimates, developed a Drought
support Governance Monitoring System for agriculture management,
methodologies for Resurvey of agricultural lands,
15.12.1 Telangana State forest lands, urban properties, and Abadi properties
Development Planning Society and conducted pilot surveys to enable launching of
a major land survey program in the state, and also
TSDPS is a support system that carries out activities
developed Master Plan for implementation of PM
related to weather monitoring, weather forecast,
Gatishakti Programme in the state of Telangana.
dissemination of real-time weather information,
evaluation of Government schemes and collaborative 15.12.3 External Partnership
initiatives to improve public governance.
with CEGIS
[Link] Weather Monitoring, The Government of Telangana has partnered with
Weather Forecasting and the Centre for Effective Governance of Indian States
Disaster Management Support (CEGIS) to improve development outcomes through
better delivery of services. CEGIS has a dedicated
The TSDPS (Telangana State Development Planning
team providing support to the government in core
Society) gathers weather information regularly
sectors such as education and nutrition, as well
through 1,044 Automatic Weather Stations placed
as in projects focusing on improving Outcome
throughout the state. This real-time data is made
Measurement, Public Finance, and Performance
available to the public through their website, mobile
Management. A Technical Advisory Group (TAG) of
app, and 42 weather display boards. The data is
researchers from renowned institutions in India and
also used by various departments for operations
abroad supports the team to ensure the quality of
and research, and by crop insurance companies to
output.
process claims. Additionally, TSDPS aids in disaster
management by providing real-time weather alerts CEGIS has supported multiple departments on a
and forecasts up to three days in advance, which aids range of projects, such as improving the reporting
in agricultural interventions and disaster mitigation. system of Junior Panchayat Secretaries and ICDS
staff, creating the Socio-Economic Outlook 2021
15.12.2 Telangana State Remote & 2022, enhancing the accuracy of Agricultural
Sensing Applications Centre Production Estimates through technology and
(TRAC) collaboration with the Directorate of Economics and
Statistics (DES) and Agriculture Departments, and
TRAC is a scientific/technical society under the
improving Foundational Literacy and Numeracy for
planning department that acts as a nodal agency for
students of classes 1 to 3.
providing Remote Sensing, GIS, and GPS technology

Governance 247
15.12.4 Kakatiya Governance Child Welfare (WDCW) Departments to have a data-
driven approach to setting targets, tracking progress
Fellowship
and planning its State and District level agenda.
The Government, through TSDPS, has recruited
17 qualified young professionals from reputed
15.12.6 Center for Good
institutions in India and abroad under the Kakatiya Governance
Governance Fellowship. These professionals are
CGG was established by the Government in
currently involved in the creation of evidence-based
collaboration with the Department for International
policy roadmaps for reforms in key sectors, monitoring
Development (DFID) and the World Bank to help it
and evaluation studies, and the preparation of high-
achieve the State’s goal of Transforming Governance.
impact reports in the departments of Agriculture,
It provides consultancy in administrative reforms,
Education, Finance, Health, Mining, Panchayati Raj
process re-engineering, policy formulations,
and Rural Development, Planning and, Women and
monitoring & evaluation and supports Government
Child Welfare as well as in the State Planning Board.
departments in improved service delivery.

15.12.5 Key Performance The e-Governance initiatives developed by CGG

Indicator Survey for Health & have improved public service delivery, reduced
Nutrition sectors cycle time in Government processes, and improved
transparency and accountability. Some of the Key
To facilitate the Telangana Government with
Applications developed by CGG:
credible data on key outcomes for enabling effective
decision-making on program designs, scheme • Online Beneficiary Management and Monitoring
rationalisation, and resource allocation, the Planning System (OBMMS), Telangana & Andhra Pradesh.
Department through TSDPS has initiated conducting
• Electronic Payment and Application System for
Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Survey. This survey
Scholarships (ePASS)
would be a bi-annual multi-sectoral household
survey intended to give district-level estimates on • Degree Online Services, Telangana (DOST)
KPIs including health, education and nutrition. This
survey would also address the design and use- • Online Grievance Redressal System (OGRTS)
cases gaps of the national surveys in the context of
• GHMC – Over 50 Modules
Telangana.
Centre for Good Governance has been associated
An internationally recognized, independent data
with m-Governance related projects by developing
collection vendor shall survey about 40,000
mobile based applications for its User departments.
households and 1,500 facilities (CHCs, PHCs, etc.)
To date, CGG has developed over 70 mobile
to generate State-level, District-level estimates (and
applications for its User departments in various
Mandal-level estimates in 2 select mandals/district)
sectors, such as Aadhaar based services, Agriculture,
on key outcome indicators every 6 months. Survey
Irrigation, Education, Health, Electoral services,
design and implementation are informed by global
Skill Development, Fire, Police and Citizen-centric
and national best practices. Such in-depth, real-time
services for Urban Local Bodies.
data can allow the Health, Medical & Family Welfare
(HM&FW), Education and Women Development and

248 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

15.13. Way Forward across the personnel life cycle. To provide efficient
governance and promote transparency in the
The Government aims to implement good selection of suitable candidates for various posts, the
governance across all its departments, characterised Government, through TSPSC, plans to recruit more
by transparent processes and minimal human personnel to strengthen governance across various
intervention, focusing on accountability to citizens. departments.
With the aim of creating responsible and responsive
To increase the visibility of last-mile beneficiary
governance, the Government plans to establish
experiences, departments are collecting outcome
various institutions besides streamlining and
indicator data from representative surveys and
strengthening the existing institutions to fulfil the
telephonic calls. The Government also aims to
aspirations of the people in the state.
improve interdepartmental collaboration through
To improve the efficiency and responsiveness of structural and institutional reforms, such as the
public service staff, supportive supervisory models construction of IDOCs across all the districts in the
are being implemented in various departments, and state.
a robust Human Resource Management System
is being implemented to improve decision-making

Governance 249
 ANNEXURES
S. No Title Page
1 Gross State Domestic Product at Current Prices 251
2 Sectoral Growth Rates of Gross State Domestic Product at Current Prices 252
3 Sectoral Contribution of Gross State Domestic Product at Current Prices 253
4 Gross State Domestic Product at Constant (2011-12) Prices 254
5 Sectoral Growth Rates of Gross State Domestic Product at Constant (2011-12) Prices 255
6 Sectoral Contribution of Gross State Domestic Product at Constant (2011-12) Prices 256
7 Net State Domestic Product at Current Prices and Per Capita Income 257
8 Net State Domestic Product at Constant (2011-12) Prices and Per Capita Income 258
9 Gross Domestic Product and Per Capita Income of All India at Current Prices 259
10 Sectoral Growth Rate of GDP and PCI of All India at Current Prices 260
11 Sectoral Composition of GVA and PCI of All India at Current Prices 261
12 Gross Domestic Product and Per Capita Income of All India at Constant (2011-12) Prices 262
13 Sectoral Growth Rate of GDP and PCI of All India at Constant (2011-12) Prices 263
14 Sectoral Composition of GVA and PCI of All India at Constant (2011-12) Prices 264
15 Gross District Domestic Product of Telangana from 2018-19 to 2020-21 265
16 Per Capita Income of Telangana by districts from 2018-19 to 2020-21 266
17 Demographic Details of Telangana 267
18 Population by Districts, 2011 Census 268
19 Child (0-6 Years) Population by Districts, 2011 Census 269
20 Sex Ratio by Districts , 2011 Census 270
21 Literate Population (7 Years and above) by Districts, 2011 Census 271
22 Literacy Rates by Districts, 2011 Census 272
23 Working Population by Districts, 2011 Census 273
24 Pattern of Land Utilisation from 2008-09 to 2020-21 274
25 Rainfall by Seasons from 1990-91 to 2021-22 275
26 Area Sown and Production of Foodgrains from 1990-91 to 2021-22 276
27 Estimates of Area, Production and Yield of Total Foodgrains by States, 2020-21 277
28 Estimates of Area, Production and Yield of Cotton by States, 2020-21 278
29 Estimates of Area, Production and Yield of Rice by States, 2020-21 279
30 State-wise Production of Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunches and Crude Palm Oil for the year 280
2020-21
31 Livestock and Poultry Population by Districts, 2019 Census 281
32 Fish and Prawn Production from 2008-09 to 2021-22 282
33 Production of Milk, Meat and Eggs from 2013-14 to 2021-22 282
34 Mineral Production and Value of Mineral Produced, 2020-2021 and 2021-22 283
35 Functioning of Fair Price Shops and Food Security cards by Districts, 2021-22 284
36 Functioning of Anganwadi Centers by Districts, 2021-22 285
37 Enrolment of Children in Schools from 2007-08 to 2021-22 285
38 School Dropout Rates from 2012-13 to 2021-22 286
39 Company wise Number of LPG connections by Districts, 2020-2021 and 2021-22 287

250 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Annexure 1
Gross State Domestic Product at Current Prices (Rs. in crore)
S. 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
Sector 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
No. (TRE) (SRE) (FRE) (PE) (PAE)
Agriculture, Livestock,
1 76,123 75,707 88,979 1,01,390 1,14,292 1,56,645 1,77,442 1,94,656 2,17,877
Forestry and Fishing
1.1 Crops 41,706 36,805 43,529 47,457 48,366 78,894 85,959 87,381 98,478
1.2 Livestock 29,282 33,755 39,816 46,595 57,513 68,865 79,814 93,599 1,03,895
1.3 Forestry and Logging 2,465 2,498 3,360 3,684 4,372 4,193 6,414 7,793 8,853

1.4 Fishing and 2,670 2,649 2,275 3,654 4,042 4,694 5,254 5,883 6,650
Aquaculture
2 Mining and Quarrying 14,706 17,128 19,687 23,234 33,337 27,514 25,142 25,379 27,917
Primary 90,828 92,834 1,08,666 1,24,623 1,47,629 1,84,159 2,02,584 2,20,035 2,45,794
3 Manufacturing 54,533 71,032 73,833 82,607 98,148 97,639 96,808 1,22,115 1,33,593
Electricity, Gas, Water
4 supply and Other 7,340 8,354 7,221 10,455 13,201 17,418 16,673 18,246 21,859
Utility Services
5 Construction 27,786 28,473 28,554 34,495 37,687 38,742 35,230 39,202 43,123
Secondary 89,660 1,07,860 1,09,608 1,27,556 1,49,036 1,53,800 1,48,711 1,79,563 1,98,575
Trade, Repair, Hotels
6 64,269 74,736 86,693 1,03,866 1,28,745 1,48,254 1,24,383 1,75,400 2,12,634
and Restaurants

6.1 Trade and Repair 56,974 66,418 77,708 94,286 1,17,600 1,36,749 1,18,730 1,68,055 2,04,187
Services

6.2 Hotels and 7,295 8,318 8,985 9,581 11,145 11,504 5,653 7,345 8,447
Restaurants
Transport, Storage,
Communication &
7 35,866 39,666 42,821 45,361 50,105 54,338 47,122 54,081 63,341
Services related to
Broadcasting
7.1 Railways 2,004 2,010 2,216 2,546 2,640 3,361 3,139 3,463 4,052
7.2 Road Transport 20,540 22,633 24,536 27,341 32,354 33,798 27,105 30,987 36,255
7.3 Water Transport - - - - - - 0 0 -
7.4 Air Transport 623 1,126 1,267 1,329 791 1,429 721 1,073 1,595

7.5 Services incidental to 4,937 5,048 5,578 5,834 5,213 5,307 4,942 5,088 5,246
Transport
7.6 Storage 178 182 198 172 635 658 731 773 818
Communication &
7.7 Services related to 7,584 8,665 9,026 8,137 8,472 9,785 10,484 12,696 15,375
Broadcasting
8 Financial Services 30,261 33,123 36,356 40,783 43,841 46,866 49,022 54,659 62,311
Real Estate,
Ownership of
9 96,912 1,12,172 1,31,824 1,44,498 1,61,635 1,80,720 1,93,875 2,18,705 2,49,105
Dwelling and
Professional Services
10 Public Administration 17,166 21,915 25,574 28,049 28,124 26,199 30,197 34,585 42,540
11 Other Services 41,536 48,030 58,644 65,440 67,831 75,635 85,545 1,01,241 1,20,477
Tertiary 2,86,011 3,29,641 3,81,912 4,27,998 4,80,280 5,32,011 5,30,145 6,38,671 7,50,408

12 Total GSVA at Basic 4,66,499 5,30,336 6,00,186 6,80,177 7,76,946 8,69,969 8,81,440 10,38,270 11,94,777
Prices
13 Taxes on Products 48,642 57,754 68,906 82,256 91,799 94,699 1,02,109 1,27,910 1,51,189
14 Subsidies on Products 9,292 10,188 10,767 12,383 11,317 14,382 21,748 18,065 18,472
15 GSDP 5,05,849 5,77,902 6,58,325 7,50,050 8,57,427 9,50,287 9,61,800 11,48,115 13,27,495

Annexures 251
Annexure 2
Sectoral Growth Rates of Gross State Domestic Product at Current Prices (Percentage)
2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
[Link]. Sector 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 (TRE) (SRE) (FRE) (PE) (PAE)
Agriculture, Livestock,
1 -0.5 17.5 13.9 12.7 37.1 13.3 9.7 11.9
Forestry and Fishing
1.1 Crops -11.8 18.3 9.0 1.9 63.1 9.0 1.7 12.7
1.2 Livestock 15.3 18.0 17.0 23.4 19.7 15.9 17.3 11.0
1.3 Forestry and Logging 1.3 34.5 9.6 18.7 -4.1 53.0 21.5 13.6
1.4 Fishing and Aquaculture -0.8 -14.1 60.6 10.6 16.1 11.9 12.0 13.0
2 Mining and Quarrying 16.5 14.9 18.0 43.5 -17.5 -8.6 0.9 10.0
Primary 2.2 17.1 14.7 18.5 24.7 10.0 8.6 11.7
3 Manufacturing 30.3 3.9 11.9 18.8 -0.5 -0.9 26.1 9.4
Electricity, Gas, Water
4 supply and Other Utility 13.8 -13.6 44.8 26.3 31.9 -4.3 9.4 19.8
Services
5 Construction 2.5 0.3 20.8 9.3 2.8 -9.1 11.3 10.0
Secondary 20.3 1.6 16.4 16.8 3.2 -3.3 20.7 10.6
Trade, Repair, Hotels and
6 16.3 16.0 19.8 24.0 15.2 -16.1 41.0 21.2
Restaurants
6.1 Trade and Repair Services 16.6 17.0 21.3 24.7 16.3 -13.2 41.5 21.5
6.2 Hotels and Restaurants 14.0 8.0 6.6 16.3 3.2 -50.9 29.9 15.0
Transport, Storage, Com-
7 munication & Services 10.6 8.0 5.9 10.5 8.4 -13.3 14.8 17.1
related to Broadcasting
7.1 Railways 0.3 10.2 14.9 3.7 27.3 -6.6 10.3 17.0
7.2 Road Transport 10.2 8.4 11.4 18.3 4.5 -19.8 14.3 17.0
7.3 Water Transport 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - - -
7.4 Air Transport 80.7 12.5 4.9 -40.5 80.8 -49.5 48.7 48.7

7.5 Services incidental to 2.2 10.5 4.6 -10.6 1.8 -6.9 2.9 3.1
Transport
7.6 Storage 2.4 8.5 -12.9 268.6 3.7 11.1 5.7 5.7
Communication & Ser-
7.7 vices related to Broad- 14.3 4.2 -9.8 4.1 15.5 7.1 21.1 21.1
casting
8 Financial Services 9.5 9.8 12.2 7.5 6.9 4.6 11.5 14.0
Real Estate, Ownership of
9 Dwelling and Professional 15.7 17.5 9.6 11.9 11.8 7.3 12.8 13.9
Services
10 Public Administration 27.7 16.7 9.7 0.3 -6.8 15.3 14.5 23.0
11 Other Services 15.6 22.1 11.6 3.7 11.5 13.1 18.3 19.0
Tertiary 15.3 15.9 12.1 12.2 10.8 -0.4 20.5 17.5
12 Total GSVA at Basic Prices 13.7 13.2 13.3 14.2 12.0 1.3 17.8 15.1
13 Taxes on Products 18.7 19.3 19.4 11.6 3.2 7.8 25.3 18.2
14 Subsidies on Products 9.6 5.7 15.0 -8.6 27.1 51.2 -16.9 2.3
15 GSDP 14.2 13.9 13.9 14.3 10.8 1.2 19.4 15.6

252 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Annexure 3
Sectoral Contribution of Gross State Domestic Product at Current Prices (Percentage)
S. 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
Sector 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
No. (TRE) (SRE) (FRE) (PE) (PAE)
Agriculture, Livestock,
1 16.3 14.3 14.8 14.9 14.7 18.0 20.1 18.7 18.2
Forestry and Fishing
1.1 Crops 8.9 6.9 7.3 7.0 6.2 9.1 9.8 8.4 8.2
1.2 Livestock 6.3 6.4 6.6 6.9 7.4 7.9 9.1 9.0 8.7
1.3 Forestry and Logging 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7
1.4 Fishing and Aquaculture 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6
2 Mining and Quarrying 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.4 4.3 3.2 2.9 2.4 2.3
Primary 19.5 17.5 18.1 18.3 19.0 21.2 23.0 21.2 20.6
3 Manufacturing 11.7 13.4 12.3 12.1 12.6 11.2 11.0 11.8 11.2
Electricity, Gas, Water
4 supply and Other Utility 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.5 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8
Services
5 Construction 6.0 5.4 4.8 5.1 4.9 4.5 4.0 3.8 3.6
Secondary 19.2 20.3 18.3 18.8 19.2 17.7 16.9 17.3 16.6
Trade, Repair, Hotels and
6 13.8 14.1 14.4 15.3 16.6 17.0 14.1 16.9 17.8
Restaurants
6.1 Trade and Repair Services 12.2 12.5 12.9 13.9 15.1 15.7 13.5 16.2 17.1
6.2 Hotels and Restaurants 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 0.6 0.7 0.7
Transport, Storage,
Communication &
7 7.7 7.5 7.1 6.7 6.4 6.2 5.3 5.2 5.3
Services related to
Broadcasting
7.1 Railways 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3
7.2 Road Transport 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.2 3.9 3.1 3.0 3.0
7.3 Water Transport - - - - - -
7.4 Air Transport 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

7.5 Services incidental to 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4
Transport
7.6 Storage 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Communication &
7.7 Services related to 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3
Broadcasting
8 Financial Services 6.5 6.2 6.1 6.0 5.6 5.4 5.6 5.3 5.2
Real Estate, Ownership of
9 Dwelling and Professional 20.8 21.2 22.0 21.2 20.8 20.8 22.0 21.1 20.8
Services
10 Public Administration 3.7 4.1 4.3 4.1 3.6 3.0 3.4 3.3 3.6
11 Other Services 8.9 9.1 9.8 9.6 8.7 8.7 9.7 9.8 10.1
Tertiary 61.3 62.2 63.6 62.9 61.8 61.2 60.1 61.5 62.8
12 Total GSVA at Basic Prices 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Annexures 253
Annexure 4
Gross State Domestic Product at Constant (2011-12) Prices (Rs. in crore)
S. 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
Sector
No. (TRE) (SRE) (FRE) (PE) (PAE)
Agriculture, Livestock,
1 55,811 51,615 57,324 62,823 66,725 86,610 88,848 88,804 90,942
Forestry and Fishing
1.1 Crops 29,546 24,187 28,478 31,395 29,375 45,691 45,698 43,333 42,987
1.2 Livestock 22,519 23,938 25,520 27,473 33,170 36,464 38,333 40,337 42,596
1.3 Forestry and Logging 1,715 1,683 1,836 1,921 1,942 2,096 2,165 2,158 2,197
1.4 Fishing and Aquaculture 2,031 1,808 1,491 2,034 2,238 2,360 2,652 2,975 3,162
2 Mining and Quarrying 12,604 14,093 15,139 17,572 22,472 18,569 15,829 18,534 20,016
Primary 68,415 65,708 72,463 80,395 89,197 1,05,179 1,04,677 1,07,337 1,10,959
3 Manufacturing 48,276 63,751 64,943 70,950 82,686 81,045 79,190 87,749 89,240
Electricity, Gas, Water
4 supply and Other Utility 6,624 7,207 5,736 7,338 8,223 10,657 10,190 10,281 10,445
Services
5 Construction 23,332 23,986 24,355 27,845 29,053 27,592 26,679 26,889 27,964
Secondary 78,231 94,944 95,034 1,06,133 1,19,962 1,19,294 1,16,060 1,24,919 1,27,649
Trade, Repair, Hotels
6 52,230 58,543 64,832 75,150 89,114 97,343 74,106 98,610 1,13,856
and Restaurants

6.1 Trade and Repair 46,315 52,044 58,137 68,238 81,417 89,807 70,768 94,527 1,09,651
Services
6.2 Hotels and Restaurants 5,915 6,499 6,695 6,912 7,697 7,536 3,338 4,083 4,205
Transport, Storage,
Communication &
7 31,075 33,892 35,323 36,422 38,271 40,029 31,329 33,055 35,260
Services related to
Broadcasting
7.1 Railways 1,750 1,710 1,704 1,918 1,951 2,042 1,541 2,185 2,295
7.2 Road Transport 17,678 19,116 20,051 21,717 24,367 24,736 18,054 18,573 19,706
7.3 Water Transport - - - - - - - - -
7.4 Air Transport 548 984 1,075 1,103 631 1,112 505 674 903

7.5 Services incidental to 4,338 4,412 4,730 4,842 4,159 4,130 3,461 3,198 3,190
Transport
7.6 Storage 145 143 149 125 442 436 449 437 459
Communication &
7.7 Services related to 6,617 7,526 7,614 6,718 6,721 7,574 7,320 7,988 8,707
Broadcasting
8 Financial Services 28,699 30,906 33,782 35,119 35,294 35,795 37,152 41,425 43,169
Real Estate, Ownership
9 of Dwelling and 78,506 87,438 97,946 1,03,455 1,10,724 1,19,287 1,19,698 1,23,988 1,32,667
Professional Services
10 Public Administration 13,860 17,024 18,928 19,973 19,418 17,390 18,724 19,848 22,460
11 Other Services 32,057 35,388 41,230 44,095 43,441 45,420 48,095 53,391 57,396
Tertiary 2,36,427 2,63,191 2,92,042 3,14,214 3,36,262 3,55,264 3,29,105 3,70,317 4,04,808
Total GSVA at Basic
12 3,83,073 4,23,842 4,59,539 5,00,742 5,45,421 5,79,737 5,49,841 6,02,573 6,43,416
Prices
13 Taxes on Products 41,113 49,417 57,371 66,711 71,836 72,521 76,347 85,857 95,301
14 Subsidies on Products 7,854 8,717 8,964 10,043 8,856 11,014 16,261 12,126 12,047
15 GSDP 4,16,332 4,64,542 5,07,946 5,57,410 6,08,401 6,41,244 6,09,927 6,76,304 7,26,670

254 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Annexure 5
Sectoral Growth Rates of Gross State Domestic Product at Constant (2011-12) Prices
(Percentage)
S. 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
Sector 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
No. (TRE) (SRE) (FRE) (PE) (PAE)
Agriculture, Livestock,
1 -7.5 11.1 9.6 6.2 29.8 2.6 -0.1 2.4
Forestry and Fishing
1.1 Crops -18.1 17.7 10.2 -6.4 55.5 0.0 -5.2 -0.8
1.2 Livestock 6.3 6.6 7.7 20.7 9.9 5.1 5.2 5.6
1.3 Forestry and Logging -1.9 9.1 4.6 1.1 7.9 3.3 -0.4 1.8
1.4 Fishing and Aquaculture -11.0 -17.6 36.5 10.0 5.4 12.4 12.2 6.3
2 Mining and Quarrying 11.8 7.4 16.1 27.9 -17.4 -14.8 17.1 8.0
Primary -4.0 10.3 10.9 10.9 17.9 -0.5 2.5 3.4
3 Manufacturing 32.1 1.9 9.3 16.5 -2.0 -2.3 10.8 1.7
Electricity, Gas, Water
4 supply and Other Utility 8.8 -20.4 27.9 12.1 29.6 -4.4 0.9 1.6
Services
5 Construction 2.8 1.5 14.3 4.3 -5.0 -3.3 0.8 4.0
Secondary 21.4 0.1 11.7 13.0 -0.6 -2.7 7.6 2.2
Trade, Repair, Hotels
6 12.1 10.7 15.9 18.6 9.2 -23.9 33.1 15.5
and Restaurants

6.1 Trade and Repair 12.4 11.7 17.4 19.3 10.3 -21.2 33.6 16.0
Services
6.2 Hotels and Restaurants 9.9 3.0 3.2 11.3 -2.1 -55.7 22.3 3.0
Transport, Storage,
Communication &
7 9.1 4.2 3.1 5.1 4.6 -21.7 5.5 6.7
Services related to
Broadcasting
7.1 Railways -2.2 -0.4 12.5 1.8 4.6 -24.5 41.8 5.0
7.2 Road Transport 8.1 4.9 8.3 12.2 1.5 -27.0 2.9 6.1
7.3 Water Transport - - - - - - - 1
7.4 Air Transport 79.7 9.2 2.7 -42.8 76.3 -54.6 33.5 34.0

7.5 Services incidental to 1.7 7.2 2.4 -14.1 -0.7 -16.2 -7.6 -0.2
Transport
7.6 Storage -1.2 3.8 -15.8 252.3 -1.4 2.9 -2.5 5.0
Communication &
7.7 Services related to 13.7 1.2 -11.8 0.0 12.7 -3.4 9.1 9.0
Broadcasting
8 Financial Services 7.7 9.3 4.0 0.5 1.4 3.8 11.5 4.2
Real Estate, Ownership
9 of Dwelling and 11.4 12.0 5.6 7.0 7.7 0.3 3.6 7.0
Professional Services
10 Public Administration 22.8 11.2 5.5 -2.8 -10.4 7.7 6.0 13.2
11 Other Services 10.4 16.5 6.9 -1.5 4.6 5.9 11.0 7.5
Tertiary 11.3 11.0 7.6 7.0 5.7 -7.4 12.5 9.3
Total GSVA at Basic
12 10.6 8.4 9.0 8.9 6.3 -5.2 9.6 6.8
Prices
13 Taxes on Products 20.2 16.1 16.3 7.7 1.0 5.3 12.5 11.0
14 Subsidies on Products 11.0 2.8 12.0 -11.8 24.4 47.64 -25.43 -0.65
15 GSDP 11.6 9.3 9.7 9.1 5.4 -4.9 10.9 7.4

Annexures 255
Annexure 6
Sectoral Contribution of Gross State Domestic Product at Constant (2011-12) Prices
(Percentage)
S. 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
Sector
No. (TRE) (SRE) (FRE) (PE) (PAE)
Agriculture, Livestock,
1 14.6 12.2 12.5 12.5 12.2 14.9 16.2 14.7 14.1
Forestry and Fishing
1.1 Crops 7.7 5.7 6.2 6.3 5.4 7.9 8.3 7.2 6.7
1.2 Livestock 5.9 5.6 5.6 5.5 6.1 6.3 7.0 6.7 6.6
1.3 Forestry and Logging 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3
1.4 Fishing and Aquaculture 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5
2 Mining and Quarrying 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.5 4.1 3.2 2.9 3.1 3.1
Primary 17.9 15.5 15.8 16.1 16.4 18.1 19.0 17.8 17.2
3 Manufacturing 12.6 15.0 14.1 14.2 15.2 14.0 14.4 14.6 13.9
Electricity, Gas, Water
4 supply and Other Utility 1.7 1.7 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.6
Services
5 Construction 6.1 5.7 5.3 5.6 5.3 4.8 4.9 4.5 4.3
Secondary 20.4 22.4 20.7 21.2 22.0 20.6 21.1 20.7 19.8
Trade, Repair, Hotels
6 13.6 13.8 14.1 15.0 16.3 16.8 13.5 16.4 17.7
and Restaurants

6.1 Trade and Repair 12.1 12.3 12.7 13.6 14.9 15.5 12.9 15.7 17.0
Services
6.2 Hotels and Restaurants 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 0.6 0.7 0.7
Transport, Storage,
Communication &
7 8.1 8.0 7.7 7.3 7.0 6.9 5.7 5.5 5.5
Services related to
Broadcasting
7.1 Railways 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4
7.2 Road Transport 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.3 3.3 3.1 3.1
7.3 Water Transport - - - - - -
7.4 Air Transport 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

7.5 Services incidental to 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5
Transport
7.6 Storage 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Communication &
7.7 Services related to 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4
Broadcasting
8 Financial Services 7.5 7.3 7.4 7.0 6.5 6.2 6.8 6.9 6.7
Real Estate, Ownership
9 of Dwelling and 20.5 20.6 21.3 20.7 20.3 20.6 21.8 20.6 20.6
Professional Services
10 Public Administration 3.6 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.6 3.0 3.4 3.3 3.5
11 Other Services 8.4 8.3 9.0 8.8 8.0 7.8 8.7 8.9 8.9
Tertiary 61.7 62.1 63.6 62.7 61.7 61.3 59.9 61.5 62.9
Total GSVA at Basic
12 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Prices

256 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Annexure 7
Net State Domestic Product at Current Prices (Rs. in crore) and Per Capita Income
S. 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
Sector 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
No. (TRE) (SRE) (FRE) (PE) (PAE)

1 Agriculture, Livestock, 71,272 70,539 83,285 95,098 1,07,472 1,49,178 1,69,227 1,86,141 2,08,293
Forestry and Fishing
1.1 Crops 37,528 32,283 38,477 41,946 42,452 72,446 78,916 80,221 90,409
1.2 Livestock 28,900 33,369 39,392 46,115 56,932 68,217 79,088 92,747 1,02,949
1.3 Forestry and Logging 2,441 2,474 3,328 3,650 4,332 4,156 6,357 7,724 8,774
1.4 Fishing and Aquaculture 2,404 2,412 2,089 3,388 3,755 4,359 4,867 5,449 6,160
2 Mining and Quarrying 12,499 14,320 16,531 19,885 28,115 22,641 19,910 20,884 22,972
Primary 83,771 84,859 99,816 1,14,983 1,35,587 1,71,818 1,89,138 2,07,025 2,31,265
3 Manufacturing 45,156 61,183 63,802 71,274 85,601 84,352 82,768 1,04,405 1,14,219
Electricity, Gas, Water
4 supply and Other Utility 4,967 5,815 4,983 7,410 9,122 12,228 11,653 12,752 15,277
Services
5 Construction 26,171 26,798 26,836 32,468 35,197 35,968 32,707 36,395 40,035
Secondary 76,293 93,796 95,620 1,11,152 1,29,920 1,32,548 1,27,128 1,53,552 1,69,531

6 Trade, Repair, Hotels and 62,117 72,247 83,849 1,00,247 1,24,701 1,43,676 1,19,260 1,68,235 2,03,991
Restaurants
6.1 Trade and Repair Services 55,213 64,413 75,377 91,136 1,14,164 1,32,824 1,14,347 1,61,852 1,96,650
6.2 Hotels and Restaurants 6,904 7,834 8,472 9,111 10,537 10,852 4,913 6,383 7,341
Transport, Storage,
7 Communication & 29,273 32,533 34,477 35,701 38,628 40,814 32,847 37,439 43,539
Services related to
Broadcasting
7.1 Railways 1,654 1,638 1,783 2,073 2,111 2,729 2,428 2,679 3,134
7.2 Road Transport 16,910 18,694 19,828 21,690 25,484 25,847 18,992 21,713 25,404
7.3 Water Transport - - - - - - - -
7.4 Air Transport 416 928 1,068 1,117 559 871 78 117 173

7.5 Services incidental to 4,352 4,419 4,849 5,029 4,400 4,409 3,916 4,031 4,156
Transport
7.6 Storage 149 160 170 145 579 597 657 695 734
Communication &
7.7 Services related to 5,792 6,694 6,779 5,647 5,496 6,362 6,776 8,206 9,937
Broadcasting
8 Financial Services 29,704 32,409 35,554 39,892 42,780 45,798 47,836 53,337 60,804
Real Estate, Ownership of
9 Dwelling and Professional 83,407 97,185 1,14,209 1,22,977 1,38,945 1,55,847 1,65,412 1,86,596 2,12,533
Services
10 Public Administration 13,616 17,357 20,735 23,060 23,300 21,774 25,654 29,382 36,140
11 Other Services 38,750 45,040 55,413 61,542 64,048 71,511 81,290 96,205 1,14,484
Tertiary 2,56,866 2,96,772 3,44,236 3,83,419 4,32,402 4,79,422 4,72,299 5,71,195 6,71,492

12 Total NSVA at Basic 4,16,930 4,75,428 5,39,673 6,09,554 6,97,909 7,83,787 7,88,565 9,31,772 10,72,287
Prices
13 Taxes on Products 48,642 57,754 68,906 82,256 91,799 94,699 1,02,109 1,27,910 1,51,189
14 Subsidies on Products 9,292 10,188 10,767 12,383 11,317 14,382 21,748 18,065 18,472

15 Net State Domestic 4,56,280 5,22,994 5,97,812 6,79,427 7,78,391 8,64,105 8,68,926 10,41,617 12,05,005
Product
16 Population ('000) 36,766 37,134 37,505 37,881 37,093 37,346 37,599 37,816 37,999
17 Per Capita Income (Rs.) 1,24,104 1,40,840 1,59,395 1,79,358 2,09,848 2,31,378 2,31,103 2,75,443 3,17,115

Annexures 257
Annexure 8
Net State Domestic Product at Constant (2011-12) Prices (Rs. in crore) and Per Capita Income
S. 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
Sector 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
No. (TRE) (SRE) (FRE) (PE) (PAE)
Agriculture, Livestock,
1 51,883 47,578 53,042 58,220 61,889 81,492 83,451 83,571 85,688
Forestry and Fishing
1.1 Crops 26,191 20,723 24,759 27,454 25,269 41,383 41,208 39,076 38,763
1.2 Livestock 22,190 23,592 25,148 27,077 32,720 35,964 37,787 39,763 41,990
1.3 Forestry and Logging 1,694 1,662 1,809 1,893 1,911 2,067 2,123 2,115 2,154
1.4 Fishing and Aquaculture 1,808 1,601 1,325 1,797 1,989 2,078 2,333 2,617 2,782
2 Mining and Quarrying 10,704 11,743 12,541 14,885 18,416 14,899 12,010 14,871 16,060
Primary 62,586 59,321 65,582 73,105 80,304 96,391 95,460 98,442 1,01,749
3 Manufacturing 39,854 54,924 55,949 61,027 72,079 69,994 67,687 75,002 76,277
Electricity, Gas, Water
4 supply and Other Utility 4,502 4,933 3,731 4,676 4,769 6,288 6,062 6,116 6,214
Services
5 Construction 21,833 22,462 22,715 25,920 26,756 24,997 24,170 24,360 25,333
Secondary 66,189 82,319 82,395 91,623 1,03,604 1,01,279 97,919 1,05,478 1,07,824
Trade, Repair, Hotels and
6 50,341 56,317 62,313 72,080 85,840 93,679 70,102 93,326 1,07,819
Restaurants

6.1 Trade and Repair 44,769 50,250 56,071 65,564 78,633 86,662 67,340 89,949 1,04,341
Services
6.2 Hotels and Restaurants 5,572 6,067 6,241 6,515 7,207 7,017 2,761 3,377 3,478
Transport, Storage,
Communication &
7 25,095 27,468 27,874 27,970 28,452 28,884 20,057 20,996 22,239
Services related to
Broadcasting
7.1 Railways 1,445 1,387 1,333 1,524 1,530 1,550 1,001 1,419 1,490
7.2 Road Transport 14,298 15,441 15,733 16,658 18,322 18,077 11,667 12,002 12,734
7.3 Water Transport - - - - - - - -
7.4 Air Transport 354 801 893 915 430 646 (1) (1) (1)

7.5 Services incidental to 3,821 3,859 4,095 4,158 3,494 3,409 2,651 2,450 2,444
Transport
7.6 Storage 120 123 124 102 397 387 391 381 400
Communication and
7.7 Services related to 5,058 5,856 5,696 4,613 4,278 4,816 4,348 4,744 5,171
Broadcasting
8 Financial Services 28,204 30,286 33,080 34,359 34,423 34,935 36,207 40,371 42,071
Real Estate, Ownership
9 of Dwelling and 66,962 74,858 83,156 85,972 93,137 1,00,241 98,154 1,01,672 1,08,789
Professional Services
10 Public Administration 10,648 12,874 14,532 15,571 15,314 13,690 15,006 15,906 18,000
11 Other Services 29,612 32,749 38,393 40,797 40,385 42,130 44,763 49,692 53,419
Tertiary 2,10,862 2,34,552 2,59,347 2,76,749 2,97,552 3,13,559 2,84,288 3,21,963 3,52,336
Total NSVA at Basic
12 3,39,638 3,76,192 4,07,324 4,41,477 4,81,461 5,11,229 4,77,667 5,25,883 5,61,909
Prices
13 Taxes on Products 41,113 49,417 57,371 66,711 71,836 72,521 76,347 85,857 95,301
14 Subsidies on Products 7,854 8,717 8,964 10,043 8,856 11,014 16,261 12,126 12,047
Net State Domestic
15 3,72,897 4,16,892 4,55,731 4,98,145 5,44,441 5,72,736 5,37,753 5,99,614 6,45,163
Product
16 Population ('000) 36,766 37,134 37,505 37,881 37,093 37,346 37,599 37,816 37,999
17 Per Capita Income (Rs.) 1,01,424 1,12,267 1,21,512 1,31,503 1,46,777 1,53,360 1,43,023 1,58,561 1,69,784

258 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Annexure 9
Gross Domestic Product and Per Capita Income of All India at Current Prices
(Rs. in crore)
S. 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
Sector 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
No. (TRE) (SRE) (FRE) (PE) (PAE)
Agriculture, Livestock,
1 20,93,612 22,27,533 25,18,662 28,29,826 30,29,925 33,58,364 36,09,494 39,80,067 44,77,171
Forestry and Fishing
1.1 Crops 12,92,874 13,27,992 14,86,044 16,33,264 16,80,777 18,91,966 19,97,147
1.2 Livestock 5,10,411 5,82,410 6,72,611 7,85,683 8,82,009 9,77,730 11,14,249
1.3 Forestry and Logging 1,73,760 1,84,411 2,05,364 2,17,603 2,55,053 2,60,603 2,65,479
1.4 Fishing and Aquaculture 1,16,567 1,32,720 1,54,643 1,93,275 2,12,087 2,28,065 2,32,620
2 Mining and Quarrying 3,08,476 2,94,011 3,26,808 3,36,109 3,77,661 3,58,517 3,24,980 5,13,076 7,05,034
Primary 24,02,088 25,21,544 28,45,470 31,65,935 34,07,586 37,16,881 39,34,474 44,93,143 51,82,205
3 Manufacturing 18,78,369 21,46,189 23,33,721 25,66,623 28,12,560 27,04,809 27,09,435 33,07,315 35,74,404
Electricity, Gas, Water
4 supply and Other Utility 2,82,258 3,34,965 3,55,709 4,25,718 4,49,459 5,01,618 5,07,352 5,86,679 7,58,959
Services
5 Construction 9,79,086 9,91,084 10,80,870 12,00,414 13,52,118 13,72,759 13,15,608 17,19,098 20,04,178
Secondary 31,39,713 34,72,238 37,70,300 41,92,755 46,14,137 45,79,186 45,32,395 56,13,092 63,37,541
Trade, Repair, Hotels
6 13,20,833 14,33,969 16,09,001 18,81,395 21,36,707 23,25,812 18,18,981
and Restaurants
Trade and Repair
6.1 12,06,474 13,07,323 14,68,583 17,22,671 19,55,798 21,29,686 17,32,821
Services
6.2 Hotels and Restaurants 1,14,359 1,26,646 1,40,418 1,58,723 1,80,909 1,96,127 86,160
Transport, Storage,
Communication &
7 7,86,763 8,60,544 9,30,155 9,97,528 10,66,055 11,52,680 10,47,412
Services related to
Broadcasting
7.1 Railways 92,459 1,00,451 1,06,786 1,16,584 1,23,596 1,35,477 1,36,807 35,28,896 43,88,212
7.2 Road Transport 3,70,364 3,99,902 4,34,947 4,84,134 5,36,552 5,65,438 4,47,164
7.3 Water Transport 7,590 7,298 9,206 13,021 13,059 13,350 13,418
7.4 Air Transport 11,820 20,344 21,496 22,444 12,730 22,508 10,323
Services incidental to
7.5 91,681 88,246 1,02,468 97,602 1,03,341 1,03,301 98,170
Transport
7.6 Storage 6,407 7,021 7,442 16,194 18,597 19,513 19,628
Communication &
7.7 Services related to 2,06,442 2,37,282 2,47,809 2,47,549 2,58,179 2,93,094 3,21,902
Broadcasting
8 Financial Services 6,61,411 7,26,286 7,50,201 8,46,194 9,41,778 10,27,359 10,88,222
Real Estate, Ownership
45,43,303 51,98,108
9 of Dwellings and 17,01,935 18,99,852 21,61,236 22,81,018 25,87,720 28,51,979 29,57,538
Professional Services
Public Administration
10 6,76,818 7,31,578 8,27,438 9,45,082 10,45,488 11,47,741 12,38,383
and Defence 31,70,966 36,20,148
11 Other Services 8,14,718 9,28,489 10,71,399 11,95,759 13,75,658 15,53,471 14,40,404
Tertiary 59,62,478 65,80,718 73,49,430 81,46,976 91,53,406 1,00,59,042 95,90,940 1,12,43,165 1,32,06,468
Total GSVA at Basic
12 1,15,04,279 1,25,74,499 1,39,65,200 1,55,05,665 1,71,75,128 1,83,55,109 1,80,57,810 2,13,49,399 2,47,26,214
Prices
13 Taxes on Products 12,91,662 15,18,496 17,46,288 18,98,896 20,43,568 20,76,662 22,55,495
23,15,238 25,81,537
14 Subsidies on Products 3,27,982 3,21,121 3,19,819 3,14,518 3,19,028 3,56,916 5,12,391
15 Gross Domestic Product 1,24,67,959 1,37,71,874 1,53,91,669 1,70,90,042 1,88,99,668 2,00,74,856 1,98,00,914 2,36,64,637 2,73,07,751

16 Per Capita Income (Rs.) 86,647 94,797 1,03,870 1,15,224 1,25,946 1,32,115 1,26,855 1,50,007 1,70,620

Annexures 259
Annexure 10
Sectoral Growth Rate of GDP and PCI of All India at Current Prices ( Percentage)
2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
[Link]. Sector 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
(TRE) (SRE) (FRE) (PE) (PAE)
Agriculture, Livestock,
1 8.7 6.4 13.1 12.4 7.1 10.8 7.5 10.3 12.5
Forestry and Fishing
1.1 Crops 3.5 2.7 11.9 9.9 2.9 12.6 5.6
1.2 Livestock 20.7 14.1 15.5 16.8 12.3 10.9 14.0
1.3 Forestry and Logging 10.9 6.1 11.4 6.0 17.2 2.2 1.9
1.4 Fishing and Aquaculture 18.7 13.9 16.5 25.0 9.7 7.5 2.0
2 Mining and Quarrying 4.3 -4.7 11.2 2.8 12.4 -5.1 -9.4 57.9 37.4
Primary 8.1 5.0 12.8 11.3 7.6 9.1 5.9 14.2 15.3
3 Manufacturing 9.6 14.3 8.7 10.0 9.6 -3.8 0.2 22.1 8.1
Electricity, Gas, Water
4 supply and Other Utility 8.5 18.7 6.2 19.7 5.6 11.6 1.1 15.6 29.4
Services
5 Construction 6.3 1.2 9.1 11.1 12.6 1.5 -4.2 30.7 16.6
Secondary 8.5 10.6 8.6 11.2 10.1 -0.8 -1.0 23.8 12.9
Trade, Repair, Hotels and
6 11.5 8.6 12.2 16.9 13.6 8.9 -21.8
Restaurants
Trade and Repair
6.1 11.9 8.4 12.3 17.3 13.5 8.9 -18.6
Services
6.2 Hotels and Restaurants 7.7 10.7 10.9 13.0 14.0 8.4 -56.1
Transport, Storage,
Communication &
7 14.0 9.4 8.1 7.2 6.9 8.1 -9.1
Services related to
Broadcasting
7.1 Railways 17.4 8.6 6.3 9.2 6.0 9.6 1.0
23.1 24.4
7.2 Road Transport 9.5 8.0 8.8 11.3 10.8 5.4 -20.9
7.3 Water Transport 17.2 -3.8 26.1 41.4 0.3 2.2 0.5
7.4 Air Transport 72.5 72.1 5.7 4.4 -43.3 76.8 -54.1
Services incidental to
7.5 Transport 21.1 -3.7 16.1 -4.7 5.9 0.0 -5.0

7.6 Storage 6.3 9.6 6.0 117.6 14.8 4.9 0.6

Communication &
7.7 Services related to 16.1 14.9 4.4 -0.1 4.3 13.5 9.8
Broadcasting
8 Financial Services 10.4 9.8 3.3 12.8 11.3 9.1 5.9
Real Estate, Ownership 12.3 14.4
9 of Dwellings and 15.8 11.6 13.8 5.5 13.4 10.2 3.7
Professional Services
Public Administration
10 12.4 8.1 13.1 14.2 10.6 9.8 7.9
and Defence 18.4 14.2
11 Other Services 16.4 14.0 15.4 11.6 15.0 12.9 -7.3
Tertiary 13.7 10.4 11.7 10.9 12.4 9.9 -4.7 17.2 17.5
Total GSVA at Basic
12 11.0 9.3 11.1 11.0 10.8 6.9 -1.6 18.2 15.8
Prices
13 Taxes on Products 9.4 17.6 15.0 8.7 7.6 1.6 8.6
32.8 11.5
14 Subsidies on Products 5.8 -2.1 -0.4 -1.7 1.4 11.9 43.6
15 Gross Domestic Product 11.0 10.5 11.8 11.0 10.6 6.2 -1.4 19.5 15.4
16 Per Capita Income (Rs.) 9.5 9.4 9.6 10.9 9.3 4.9 -4.0 18.3 13.7

260 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Annexure 11
Sectoral Composition of GVA of All India at Current Prices ( Percentage)
2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
S. No. Sector 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
(TRE) (SRE) (FRE) (PE) (PAE)
Agriculture, Livestock,
1 18.2 17.7 18.0 18.3 17.6 18.3 20.0 18.6 18.1
Forestry and Fishing
1.1 Crops 11.2 10.6 10.6 10.5 9.8 10.3 11.1
1.2 Livestock 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.1 5.1 5.3 6.2
1.3 Forestry and Logging 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5
1.4 Fishing and Aquaculture 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3
2 Mining and Quarrying 2.7 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.0 1.8 2.4 2.9
Primary 20.9 20.1 20.4 20.4 19.8 20.2 21.8 21.0 21.0
3 Manufacturing 16.3 17.1 16.7 16.6 16.4 14.7 15.0 15.5 14.5
Electricity, Gas, Water
4 supply and Other Utility 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.7 3.1
Services
5 Construction 8.5 7.9 7.7 7.7 7.9 7.5 7.3 8.1 8.1
Secondary 27.3 27.6 27.0 27.0 26.9 24.9 25.1 26.3 25.6
Trade, Repair, Hotels
6 11.5 11.4 11.5 12.1 12.4 12.7 10.1
and Restaurants
Trade and Repair
6.1 10.5 10.4 10.5 11.1 11.4 11.6 9.6
Services
6.2 Hotels and Restaurants 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.5
Transport, Storage,
Communication &
7 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.4 6.2 6.3 5.8
Services related to
Broadcasting
7.1 Railways 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8
16.5 17.7
7.2 Road Transport 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.5
7.3 Water Transport 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
7.4 Air Transport 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Services incidental to
7.5 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5
Transport
7.6 Storage 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Communication &
7.7 Services related to 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.8
Broadcasting
8 Financial Services 5.7 5.8 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.6 6.0
Real Estate, Ownership 21.3 21.0
9 of Dwellings and 14.8 15.1 15.5 14.7 15.1 15.5 16.4
Professional Services
Public Administration
10 5.9 5.8 5.9 6.1 6.1 6.3 6.9
and Defence 14.9 14.6
11 Other Services 7.1 7.4 7.7 7.7 8.0 8.5 8.0
Tertiary 51.8 52.3 52.6 52.5 53.3 54.8 53.1 52.7 53.4
Total GSVA at Basic
12 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Prices

Annexures 261
Annexure 12
Gross Domestic Product and Per Capita Income of All India at Constant (2011-12) Prices
(Rs. in crore)
S. 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
Sector 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
No. (TRE) (SRE) (FRE) (PE) (PAE)
Agriculture,
Livestock,
1 16,05,715 16,16,146 17,26,004 18,40,023 18,78,598 19,82,303 20,48,032 21,09,697 21,82,582
Forestry and
Fishing
1.1 Crops 9,98,425 9,69,344 10,20,258 10,75,111 10,49,211 11,06,545 11,27,575
1.2 Livestock 3,90,449 4,19,637 4,61,572 4,97,830 5,40,970 5,81,450 6,17,117
Forestry and
1.3 1,34,609 1,36,960 1,44,547 1,52,351 1,63,949 1,64,416 1,65,624
Logging
Fishing and
1.4 82,232 90,205 99,627 1,14,730 1,24,468 1,29,893 1,37,716
Aquaculture
Mining and
2 2,88,685 3,17,974 3,49,248 3,29,612 3,26,815 3,21,766 2,94,024 3,27,984 3,35,810
Quarrying
Primary 18,94,400 19,34,120 20,75,252 21,69,634 22,05,413 23,04,070 23,42,056 24,37,681 25,18,392
3 Manufacturing 16,83,938 19,03,850 20,54,764 22,09,428 23,28,992 22,61,294 22,47,740 24,70,822 25,09,366
Electricity, Gas,
Water supply
4 2,14,047 2,24,158 2,46,496 2,72,650 2,94,147 3,00,675 2,89,771 3,11,598 3,39,660
and Other Utility
Services
5 Construction 8,35,229 8,65,335 9,16,445 9,64,306 10,26,789 10,38,680 9,62,835 10,73,595 11,71,315
Secondary 27,33,214 29,93,343 32,17,705 34,46,384 36,49,928 36,00,649 35,00,346 38,56,015 40,20,341
Trade, Repair,
6 Hotels and 11,35,841 12,61,426 13,89,322 15,68,175 17,07,781 18,28,425 14,18,045
Restaurants
Trade and Repair
6.1 10,37,640 11,50,121 12,68,230 14,35,984 15,63,237 16,74,210 13,50,823
Services
Hotels and
6.2 98,201 1,11,305 1,21,092 1,32,191 1,44,544 1,54,215 67,222
Restaurants
Transport,
Storage,
Communication
7 6,71,848 7,31,399 7,57,056 8,00,245 8,30,977 8,61,301 7,29,634
& Services
related to
Broadcasting 23,85,605 27,12,235
7.1 Railways 80,720 85,452 82,161 87,886 91,350 82,303 67,154
7.2 Road Transport 3,20,813 3,43,155 3,62,324 3,96,401 4,17,538 4,32,223 3,28,137
7.3 Water Transport 7,954 8,095 8,569 11,915 12,628 13,018 12,294
7.4 Air Transport 5,188 6,053 7,172 8,373 9,402 9,159 3,177
Services
7.5 incidental to 75,596 81,156 86,835 84,351 89,061 91,369 81,385
Transport
7.6 Storage 5,529 6,245 6,100 12,976 13,784 13,916 14,329
Communication
& Services
7.7 1,76,047 2,01,243 2,03,896 1,98,344 1,97,215 2,19,313 2,23,158
related to
Broadcasting
8 Financial Services 6,27,255 6,72,788 6,95,983 7,28,670 7,58,170 7,84,672 8,24,734
Real Estate,
Ownership of
30,87,360 32,84,130
9 Dwellings and 14,46,460 16,21,999 17,96,983 18,08,521 19,56,051 21,12,722 21,37,176
Professional
Services
Public
10 Administration 5,43,853 5,65,106 6,14,238 6,76,507 7,22,773 7,59,976 7,77,126
18,38,814 19,83,575
and Defence
11 Other Services 6,59,262 7,11,691 7,81,744 8,36,035 9,02,705 9,67,662 8,55,955
Tertiary 50,84,519 55,64,409 60,35,326 64,18,153 68,78,457 73,14,758 67,42,670 73,11,779 79,79,940
Total GSVA at
12 97,12,133 1,04,91,870 1,13,28,285 1,20,34,171 1,27,33,798 1,32,19,476 1,25,85,074 1,36,05,474 1,45,18,673
Basic Prices
13 Taxes on Products 10,92,430 11,45,558 12,39,334 13,54,508 14,95,644 15,53,534 13,30,491
Subsidies on 11,30,041 12,41,690
14 2,76,889 2,67,935 2,59,425 2,44,097 2,36,527 2,57,052 3,57,092
Products
Gross Domestic
15 1,05,27,674 1,13,69,493 1,23,08,193 1,31,44,582 1,39,92,914 1,45,15,958 1,35,58,473 1,47,35,515 1,57,60,363
Product
Per Capita
16 72,805 77,659 83,003 87,586 92,133 94,270 85,110 91,481 96,522
Income (Rs.)

262 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Annexure 13
Sectoral Growth Rate of GDP and PCI of All India at Constant (2011-12) Prices
(Percentage)
S. 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
Sector 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
No. (TRE) (SRE) (FRE) (PE) (PAE)
Agriculture, Livestock,
1 -0.2 0.6 6.8 6.6 2.1 5.5 3.3 3.0 3.5
Forestry and Fishing
1.1 Crops -3.7 -2.9 5.3 5.4 -2.4 5.5 1.9
1.2 Livestock 7.4 7.5 10.0 7.9 8.7 7.5 6.1
1.3 Forestry and Logging 1.9 1.7 5.5 5.4 7.6 0.3 0.7
1.4 Fishing and Aquaculture 7.5 9.7 10.4 15.2 8.5 4.4 6.0
2 Mining and Quarrying 9.7 10.1 9.8 -5.6 -0.8 -1.5 -8.6 11.5 2.4
Primary 1.2 2.1 7.3 4.5 1.6 4.5 1.6 4.1 3.3
3 Manufacturing 7.9 13.1 7.9 7.5 5.4 -2.9 -0.6 9.9 1.6
Electricity, Gas, Water
4 supply and Other Utility 7.2 4.7 10.0 10.6 7.9 2.2 -3.6 7.5 9.0
Services
5 Construction 4.3 3.6 5.9 5.2 6.5 1.2 -7.3 11.5 9.1
Secondary 6.7 9.5 7.5 7.1 5.9 -1.4 -2.8 10.2 12.9
Trade, Repair, Hotels and
6 9.8 11.1 10.1 12.9 8.9 7.1 -22.4
Restaurants
Trade and Repair
6.1 10.2 10.8 10.3 13.2 8.9 7.1 -19.3
Services
6.2 Hotels and Restaurants 6.1 13.3 8.8 9.2 9.3 6.7 -56.4
Transport, Storage,
Communication &
7 8.8 8.9 3.5 5.7 3.8 3.6 -15.3
Services related to
Broadcasting
7.1 Railways 9.5 5.9 -3.9 7.0 3.9 -9.9 -18.4 11.1 13.7
7.2 Road Transport 6.7 7.0 5.6 9.4 5.3 3.5 -24.1
7.3 Water Transport 8.3 1.8 5.9 39.0 6.0 3.1 -5.6
7.4 Air Transport 14.0 16.7 18.5 16.7 12.3 -2.6 -65.3
Services incidental to
7.5 7.7 7.4 7.0 -2.9 5.6 2.6 -10.9
Transport
7.6 Storage 6.1 12.9 -2.3 112.7 6.2 1.0 3.0
Communication &
7.7 Services related to 12.8 14.3 1.3 -2.7 -0.6 11.2 1.8
Broadcasting
8 Financial Services 8.5 7.3 3.4 4.7 4.0 3.5 5.1
Real Estate, Ownership 4.2 6.4
9 of Dwellings and 12.2 12.1 10.8 0.6 8.2 8.0 1.2
Professional Services
Public Administration
10 6.6 3.9 8.7 10.1 6.8 5.1 2.3
and Defence 12.6 7.9
11 Other Services 9.7 8.0 9.8 6.9 8.0 7.2 -11.5
Tertiary 9.8 9.4 8.5 6.3 7.2 6.3 -7.8 8.4 9.1
Total GSVA at Basic
12 7.2 8.0 8.0 6.2 5.8 3.8 -4.8 8.1 6.7
Prices
13 Taxes on Products 8.3 4.9 8.2 9.3 10.4 3.9 -14.4
16.1 9.9
14 Subsidies on Products 2.1 -3.2 -3.2 -5.9 -3.1 8.7 38.9
15 Gross Domestic Product 7.4 8.0 8.3 6.8 6.5 3.7 -6.6 8.7 7.0
16 Per Capita Income (Rs.) 6.2 6.7 6.9 5.5 5.2 2.3 -9.7 7.5 5.5

Annexures 263
Annexure 14
Sectoral Composition of GVA of All India at Constant (2011-12) Prices (Percentage)
Sl. 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
Sector 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
No. (TRE) (SRE) (FRE) (PE) (PAE)

Agriculture, Livestock,
1 16.53 15.40 15.24 15.29 14.75 15.00 16.27 15.51 15.03
Forestry and Fishing
1.1 Crops 10.28 9.24 9.01 8.93 8.24 8.37 8.96
1.2 Livestock 4.02 4.00 4.07 4.14 4.25 4.40 4.90
1.3 Forestry and Logging 1.39 1.31 1.28 1.27 1.29 1.24 1.32
1.4 Fishing and Aquaculture 0.85 0.86 0.88 0.95 0.98 0.98 1.09
2 Mining and Quarrying 2.97 3.03 3.08 2.74 2.57 2.43 2.34 2.41 2.31
Primary 19.51 18.43 18.32 18.03 17.32 17.43 18.61 17.92 17.35
3 Manufacturing 17.34 18.15 18.14 18.36 18.29 17.11 17.86 18.16 17.28
Electricity, Gas, Water supply
4 2.20 2.14 2.18 2.27 2.31 2.27 2.30 2.29 2.34
and Other Utility Services
5 Construction 8.60 8.25 8.09 8.01 8.06 7.86 7.65 7.89 8.07
Secondary 28.14 28.53 28.40 28.64 28.66 27.24 27.81 28.34 27.69
Trade, Repair, Hotels and
6 11.70 12.02 12.26 13.03 13.41 13.83 11.27
Restaurants
6.1 Trade and Repair Services 10.68 10.96 11.20 11.93 12.28 12.66 10.73
6.2 Hotels and Restaurants 1.01 1.06 1.07 1.10 1.14 1.17 0.53
Transport, Storage,
7 Communication & Services 6.92 6.97 6.68 6.65 6.53 6.52 5.80
related to Broadcasting
7.1 Railways 0.83 0.81 0.73 0.73 0.72 0.62 0.53
17.53 18.68
7.2 Road Transport 3.30 3.27 3.20 3.29 3.28 3.27 2.61
7.3 Water Transport 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
7.4 Air Transport 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.03
Services incidental to
7.5 0.78 0.77 0.77 0.70 0.70 0.69 0.65
Transport
7.6 Storage 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11
Communication & Services
7.7 1.81 1.92 1.80 1.65 1.55 1.66 1.77
related to Broadcasting
8 Financial Services 6.46 6.41 6.14 6.06 5.95 5.94 6.55
Real Estate, Ownership of 22.69 22.62
9 Dwellings and Professional 14.89 15.46 15.86 15.03 15.36 15.98 16.98
Services
Public Administration and
10 5.60 5.39 5.42 5.62 5.68 5.75 6.17
Defence 13.52 13.66
11 Other Services 6.79 6.78 6.90 6.95 7.09 7.32 6.80
Tertiary 52.35 53.04 53.28 53.33 54.02 55.33 53.58 53.74 54.96
12 Total GSVA at Basic Prices 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

264 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Annexure 15
Gross District Domestic Product of Telangana from 2018-19 to 2020-21 (Rs. in Lakh)
S. Current prices Constant (2011-12) prices
District
No.
2018-19 (TRE) 2019-20 (SRE) 2020-21 (FRE) 2018-19 (TRE) 2019-20 (SRE) 2020-21 (FRE)
01 Adilabad 11,54,047 13,36,465 12,68,948 7,98,691 9,00,567 8,05,296
02 Kumuram Bheem 8,85,630 8,76,499 7,93,501 6,00,463 5,79,188 4,83,622
03 Mancherial 13,86,841 15,75,914 15,48,421 9,86,055 10,56,378 9,78,432
04 Nirmal 10,82,759 13,03,864 12,57,558 7,20,498 8,36,454 7,54,150
05 Nizamabad 23,53,012 28,39,655 28,47,942 16,19,060 18,56,931 17,55,827
06 Jagtial 12,89,307 17,05,526 16,83,580 8,63,341 10,94,453 9,96,070
07 Peddapalli 17,05,157 18,01,097 16,32,720 12,27,976 12,34,955 10,53,842
08 Jayashankar 12,73,224 12,13,899 10,86,198 8,18,798 7,68,335 6,52,669
09 Bhadradri Kothagudem 21,17,545 24,53,213 22,95,532 15,16,364 16,48,523 13,93,555
10 Mahabubabad 11,96,055 12,25,255 13,36,773 7,83,089 7,77,344 7,70,050
11 Warangal Rural 10,44,080 12,89,242 14,27,627 7,17,591 8,32,451 8,62,623
12 Warangal Urban 15,64,120 17,66,100 16,58,798 11,02,980 11,83,384 10,56,159
13 Karimnagar 18,86,679 19,86,281 21,36,297 13,14,396 13,19,681 13,49,376
14 Rajanna Siricilla 7,96,191 9,64,127 9,84,442 5,36,683 6,21,398 5,94,960
15 Kamareddy 13,76,455 16,92,099 16,92,888 9,24,222 10,80,835 10,17,572
16 Sangareddy 41,28,535 46,43,862 45,62,651 31,47,985 33,79,196 32,01,366
17 Medak 15,84,553 19,51,919 19,18,407 11,50,600 13,11,371 12,36,170
18 Siddipet 20,43,669 20,48,892 25,33,232 13,39,044 13,15,834 14,83,236
19 Jangaon 8,27,758 10,95,245 10,65,108 5,57,601 6,86,505 6,29,195
20 Yadadri Bhuvanagiri 15,00,490 17,82,830 18,65,142 10,37,828 11,64,245 11,42,315
21 Medchal-Malkajgiri 61,76,859 67,55,930 62,50,642 46,50,355 48,88,460 43,19,009
22 Hyderabad 1,61,75,971 1,66,03,914 1,62,56,483 1,16,92,204 1,13,32,251 1,05,78,533
23 Rangareddy 1,71,13,683 1,83,29,902 1,98,99,741 1,23,25,617 1,26,64,718 1,28,12,646
24 Vikarabad 15,91,936 15,01,430 14,34,466 10,40,156 9,64,378 8,69,430
25 Mahabubnagar 20,86,603 21,45,366 22,78,710 15,06,425 14,88,797 14,89,745
26 Jogulamba Gadwal 9,63,400 10,09,425 10,40,266 6,28,477 6,38,462 6,01,160
27 Wanaparthy 8,34,528 10,31,184 10,12,800 5,67,452 6,53,972 5,93,931
28 Nagarkurnool 12,08,109 16,25,297 15,89,731 8,02,385 10,23,751 9,41,557
29 Nalgonda 29,89,153 37,26,939 38,92,744 21,10,146 24,56,014 24,08,521
30 Suryapet 17,18,923 21,97,148 22,52,381 11,78,037 14,10,111 13,48,527

31 Khammam 26,12,203 30,90,074 31,91,196 18,65,060 20,35,849 19,59,598

32 Mulugu 4,82,782 5,76,622 5,62,604 3,13,160 3,59,355 3,20,048

33 Narayanpet 5,92,452 8,83,457 9,22,506 3,97,399 5,60,283 5,33,545
GDDP 8,57,42,707 9,50,28,675 9,61,80,037 6,08,40,138 6,41,24,428 6,09,92,734

Annexures 265
Annexure 16
Per Capita Income of Telangana by Districts from 2018-19 to 2020-21 ( in Rs.)
Current prices Constant (2011-12) prices
Sl. No District
2018-19 (TRE) 2019-20 (SRE) 2020-21 (FRE) 2018-19 (TRE) 2019-20 (SRE) 2020-21 (FRE)
01 Adilabad 1,39,949 1,62,750 1,52,455 95,502 1,07,891 94,587
02 Kumuram Bheem 1,49,441 1,46,748 1,31,843 99,322 95,090 78,282
03 Mancherial 1,46,432 1,66,813 1,60,883 1,02,236 1,09,599 98,914
04 Nirmal 1,32,694 1,60,064 1,52,634 86,924 1,00,888 89,308
05 Nizamabad 1,29,238 1,56,409 1,55,515 87,586 1,00,362 93,672
06 Jagtial 1,12,997 1,50,406 1,46,723 74,498 94,909 84,742
07 Peddapalli 1,80,401 1,89,659 1,70,353 1,27,162 1,26,860 1,06,184
08 Jayashankar 2,57,006 2,42,973 2,15,612 1,62,786 1,51,324 1,26,461
09 Bhadradri Kothagudem 1,68,302 1,93,498 1,79,112 1,17,963 1,26,749 1,04,865
10 Mahabubabad 1,35,909 1,37,644 1,48,711 87,519 85,671 83,560
11 Warangal Rural 1,25,151 1,55,640 1,71,111 84,739 98,727 1,01,090
12 Warangal Urban 1,25,271 1,40,819 1,30,821 87,054 92,644 81,295
13 Karimnagar 1,62,279 1,69,010 1,79,908 1,11,273 1,10,119 1,10,568
14 Rajanna Siricilla 1,24,564 1,50,262 1,51,412 82,442 94,749 88,932
15 Kamareddy 1,23,688 1,51,659 1,49,575 81,791 95,172 87,815
16 Sangareddy 2,29,464 2,57,610 2,49,091 1,73,443 1,85,214 1,72,111
17 Medak 1,76,605 2,19,095 2,11,445 1,26,447 1,44,545 1,33,295
18 Siddipet 1,74,560 1,74,794 2,12,788 1,12,693 1,10,380 1,21,960
19 Jangaon 1,34,647 1,79,417 1,72,118 89,257 1,10,400 99,243
20 Yadadri Bhuvanagiri 1,68,270 1,99,865 2,07,322 1,14,580 1,28,266 1,24,155
21 Medchal-Malkajgiri 2,13,362 2,28,866 2,09,838 1,58,856 1,63,033 1,42,148
22 Hyderabad 3,56,398 3,63,526 3,49,061 2,54,660 2,44,397 2,22,471
23 Rangareddy 5,90,015 6,23,728 6,69,102 4,18,733 4,23,011 4,18,964
24 Vikarabad 1,50,784 1,40,128 1,31,962 97,153 88,397 78,032
25 Mahabubnagar 1,95,618 1,98,855 2,08,343 1,39,646 1,36,108 1,33,744
26 Jogulamba Gadwal 1,38,811 1,44,028 1,46,990 89,154 89,500 82,934
27 Wanaparthy 1,25,292 1,56,059 1,51,299 83,624 97,132 86,514
28 Nagarkurnool 1,20,698 1,64,252 1,59,267 78,855 1,01,664 92,115
29 Nalgonda 1,57,441 1,97,896 2,04,847 1,09,643 1,28,223 1,23,962
30 Suryapet 1,34,266 1,73,186 1,75,606 90,526 1,09,200 1,02,703

31 Khammam 1,60,810 1,90,024 1,94,337 1,12,982 1,22,709 1,16,318

32 Mulugu 1,44,051 1,70,295 1,63,285 92,005 1,04,175 90,268

33 Narayanpet 91,139 1,37,057 1,41,809 60,053 85,427 80,079
GDDP 2,09,848 2,31,378 2,31,103 1,46,777 1,53,360 1,43,023

266 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Annexure 17
Demographic Details of Telangana

a. Population of Telangana State from 1961 to 2011 (in Nos.)

Year 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

Telangana 1,27,11,785 1,58,17,895 2,01,81,085 2,60,89,074 3,09,87,271 3,50,03,674

India 43,92,34,771 54,81,59,652 68,33,29,097 84,64,21,039 1,02,86,10,328 1,21,08,54,977

b. Percentage of Urban Population to total Population from 1961 to 2011

Year 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

Telangana 19.27 20.99 25.27 30.18 31.79 38.88

India 17.97 17.98 19.51 22.87 25.49 31.15

c. Percentage of Decadal Growth Rates of Population from 1951-61 to 2001-2011

Year 1951-61 1961-71 1971-81 1981-91 1991-01 2001-2011

Telangana 16.48 24.60 27.59 29.27 18.77 13.58

India 21.51 24.80 24.66 23.85 21.54 17.70

d. Density of Population from 1961 to 2011

Year 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

Telangana 111 138 176 227 270 312

India 144 177 216 273 325 382

e. Sex Ratio of Population from 1961 to 2011

Year 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

Telangana 975 969 971 967 971 988

India 941 930 934 927 933 943

f. Literacy Rate of Population from 1961 to 2011

Year 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

Telangana 17.34 20.70 26.49 41.30 58.00 66.54

India 28.30 34.45 43.57 52.21 64.84 72.98

Source: Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India.

Annexures 267
Annexure 18
Population by Districts, 2011 Census

S. Total Population (Nos.) Rural Population (Nos.) Urban Population (Nos.)

District
No.
Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total
01 Adilabad 3,56,407 3,52,565 7,08,972 2,71,594 2,69,632 5,41,226 84,813 82,933 1,67,746
02 Kumuram Bheem 2,58,197 2,57,615 5,15,812 2,14,967 2,13,861 4,28,828 43,230 43,754 86,984
03 Mancherial 4,08,272 3,98,765 8,07,037 2,27,974 2,25,216 4,53,190 1,80,298 1,73,549 3,53,847
04 Nirmal 3,46,721 3,62,697 7,09,418 2,70,768 2,86,968 5,57,736 75,953 75,729 1,51,682
05 Nizamabad 7,68,477 8,02,545 15,71,022 5,37,574 5,68,698 11,06,272 2,30,903 2,33,847 4,64,750
06 Jagitial 4,85,819 5,03,094 9,88,913 3,75,266 3,92,311 7,67,577 1,10,553 1,10,783 2,21,336
07 Peddapalli 3,97,585 3,94,251 7,91,836 2,43,312 2,44,511 4,87,823 1,54,273 1,49,740 3,04,013
08 Jayashankar 2,07,998 2,08,765 4,16,763 1,86,188 1,88,188 3,74,376 21,810 20,577 42,387
Bhadradri
09 5,32,390 5,36,871 10,69,261 3,64,807 3,65,371 7,30,178 1,67,583 1,71,500 3,39,083
Kothagudem
10 Mahabubabad 3,88,058 3,86,491 7,74,549 3,50,530 3,47,643 6,98,173 37,528 38,848 76,376
11 Warangal 3,69,551 3,67,597 7,37,148 2,55,622 2,54,435 5,10,057 1,13,929 1,13,162 2,27,091
12 Hanumakonda 5,32,065 5,30,182 10,62,247 2,48,907 2,49,711 4,98,618 2,83,158 2,80,471 5,63,629
13 Karimnagar 5,04,620 5,01,091 10,05,711 3,48,914 3,47,813 6,96,727 1,55,706 1,53,278 3,08,984
14 Rajanna Sircilla 2,74,109 2,77,928 5,52,037 2,15,791 2,19,354 4,35,145 58,318 58,574 1,16,892
15 Kamareddy 4,78,389 4,94,236 9,72,625 4,17,488 4,31,515 8,49,003 60,901 62,721 1,23,622
16 Sangareddy 7,77,870 7,51,033 15,28,903 5,05,475 4,93,463 9,98,938 2,72,395 2,57,570 5,29,965
17 Medak 3,78,019 3,88,134 7,66,153 3,49,456 3,57,843 7,07,299 28,563 30,291 58,854
18 Siddipet 5,04,141 5,07,924 10,12,065 4,34,875 4,38,138 8,73,013 69,266 69,786 1,39,052
19 Jangaon 2,67,875 2,67,116 5,34,991 2,31,389 2,32,245 4,63,634 36,486 34,871 71,357
Yadadri
20 3,90,492 3,80,341 7,70,833 3,28,096 3,19,572 6,47,668 62,396 60,769 1,23,165
Bhuvanagiri
Medchal
21 12,56,883 12,03,212 24,60,095 1,08,551 1,01,277 2,09,828 11,48,332 11,01,935 22,50,267
Malkajgiri
22 Hyderabad 20,18,575 19,24,748 39,43,323 - - - 20,18,575 19,24,748 39,43,323
23 Rangareddy 12,43,967 11,82,276 24,26,243 5,25,796 5,00,317 10,26,113 7,18,171 6,81,959 14,00,130
24 Vikarabad 4,73,021 4,73,088 9,46,109 4,10,566 4,10,574 8,21,140 62,455 62,514 1,24,969
25 Mahabubnagar 4,55,534 4,50,126 9,05,660 3,21,335 3,17,874 6,39,209 1,34,199 1,32,252 2,66,451
Jogulamba
26 3,09,274 3,00,716 6,09,990 2,77,339 2,69,474 5,46,813 31,935 31,242 63,177
Gadwal
27 Wanaparthy 2,94,833 2,82,925 5,77,758 2,47,528 2,37,942 4,85,470 47,305 44,983 92,288
28 Nagarkurnool 4,37,986 4,23,780 8,61,766 3,93,137 3,80,799 7,73,936 44,849 42,981 87,830
29 Nalgonda 8,18,306 8,00,110 16,18,416 6,33,429 6,16,684 12,50,113 1,84,877 1,83,426 3,68,303
30 Suryapet 5,50,974 5,48,586 10,99,560 4,66,191 4,62,330 9,28,521 84,783 86,256 1,71,039

31 Khammam 6,99,124 7,02,515 14,01,639 5,42,500 5,42,311 10,84,811 1,56,624 1,60,204 3,16,828

32 Mulugu 1,46,205 1,48,466 2,94,671 1,40,429 1,42,749 2,83,178 5,776 5,717 11,493
33 Narayanpet 2,79,896 2,82,252 5,62,148 2,59,199 2,61,197 5,20,396 20,697 21,055 41,752
Grand Total 1,76,11,633 1,73,92,041 3,50,03,674 1,07,04,993 1,06,90,016 2,13,95,009 69,06,640 67,02,025 1,36,08,665
Source: Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India.

268 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

 Annexure 19
Child (0-6 Years) Population by Districts, 2011 Census

Total Child Population (Nos.) Rural Child Population (Nos.) Urban Child Population (Nos.)
[Link] District
Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total
1 Adilabad 45,198 42,094 87,292 35,428 33,040 68,468 9,770 9,054 18,824
2 Kumuram Bheem 34,053 32,153 66,206 29,422 27,724 57,146 4,631 4,429 9,060
3 Mancherial 38,578 35,147 73,725 22,988 21,119 44,107 15,590 14,028 29,618
4 Nirmal 42,462 40,307 82,769 33,080 31,406 64,486 9,382 8,901 18,283
5 Nizamabad 86,867 82,754 1,69,621 59,559 56,475 1,16,034 27,308 26,279 53,587
6 Jagitial 48,048 45,523 93,571 35,843 33,990 69,833 12,205 11,533 23,738
7 Peddapalli 34,614 31,899 66,513 21,302 19,858 41,160 13,312 12,041 25,353
8 Jayashankar 20,234 18,473 38,707 18,318 16,821 35,139 1,916 1,652 3,568
Bhadradri
9 54,650 52,676 1,07,326 37,706 36,490 74,196 16,944 16,186 33,130
Kothagudem
10 Mahabubabad 42,610 38,472 81,082 38,751 34,933 73,684 3,859 3,539 7,398
11 Warangal 37,191 33,893 71,084 25,443 23,005 48,448 11,748 10,888 22,636
12 Hanumakonda 50,194 46,774 96,968 23,015 21,031 44,046 27,179 25,743 52,922
13 Karimnagar 46,124 42,955 89,079 30,000 27,761 57,761 16,124 15,194 31,318
14 Rajanna Sircilla 25,099 23,652 48,751 19,315 18,235 37,550 5,784 5,417 11,201
15 Kamareddy 57,528 54,138 1,11,666 50,455 47,327 97,782 7,073 6,811 13,884
16 Sangareddy 99,792 95,343 1,95,135 65,504 62,627 1,28,131 34,288 32,716 67,004
17 Medak 48,167 45,546 93,713 44,866 42,326 87,192 3,301 3,220 6,521
18 Siddipet 53,194 50,658 1,03,852 45,709 43,542 89,251 7,485 7,116 14,601
19 Jangaon 26,914 25,171 52,085 23,435 21,768 45,203 3,479 3,403 6,882
20 Yadadri Bhuvanagiri 41,418 38,185 79,603 34,564 31,722 66,286 6,854 6,463 13,317
21 Medchal Malkajgiri 1,48,754 1,38,960 2,87,714 12,686 11,930 24,616 1,36,068 1,27,030 2,63,098
22 Hyderabad 2,45,127 2,23,999 4,69,126 - - - 2,45,127 2,23,999 4,69,126
23 Rangareddy 1,54,762 1,43,079 2,97,841 66,458 61,466 1,27,924 88,304 81,613 1,69,917
24 Vikarabad 60,446 57,102 1,17,548 52,900 49,952 1,02,852 7,546 7,150 14,696
25 Mahabubnagar 60,378 56,380 1,16,758 44,515 41,528 86,043 15,863 14,852 30,715
26 Jogulamba Gadwal 43,304 40,424 83,728 39,520 36,740 76,260 3,784 3,684 7,468
27 Wanaparthy 38,040 34,337 72,377 32,962 29,645 62,607 5,078 4,692 9,770
28 Nagarkurnool 56,292 51,167 1,07,459 51,101 46,261 97,362 5,191 4,906 10,097
29 Nalgonda 94,926 87,070 1,81,996 75,090 68,401 1,43,491 19,836 18,669 38,505
30 Suryapet 56,922 53,214 1,10,136 48,504 45,255 93,759 8,418 7,959 16,377

31 Khammam 71,760 67,854 1,39,614 55,652 52,738 1,08,390 16,108 15,116 31,224

32 Mulugu 14,788 14,356 29,144 14,314 13,873 28,187 474 483 957
33 Narayanpet 39,501 37,476 76,977 36,859 35,121 71,980 2,642 2,355 4,997
Total 20,17,935 18,81,231 38,99,166 12,25,264 11,44,110 23,69,374 7,92,671 7,37,121 15,29,792
Source: Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India.

Annexures 269
Annexure 20
Sex Ratio by Districts, 2011 Census

S. District Population Sex Ratio Child (0-6 Years) Sex Ratio

No.
Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total
1 Adilabad 993 978 989 933 927 931
2 Kumuram Bheem 995 1,012 998 942 956 944
3 Mancherial 988 963 977 919 900 911
4 Nirmal 1,060 997 1,046 949 949 949
5 Nizamabad 1,058 1,013 1,044 948 962 953
6 Jagitial 1,045 1,002 1,036 948 945 947
7 Peddapalli 1,005 971 992 932 905 922
8 Jayashankar 1,011 943 1,004 918 862 913
9 Bhadradri Kothagudem 1,002 1,023 1,008 968 955 964
10 Mahabubabad 992 1,035 996 901 917 903
11 Warangal 995 993 995 904 927 911
12 Hanumakonda 1,003 991 996 914 947 932
13 Karimnagar 997 984 993 925 942 931
14 Rajanna Sircilla 1,017 1,004 1,014 944 937 942
15 Kamareddy 1,034 1,030 1,033 938 963 941
16 Sangareddy 976 946 965 956 954 955
17 Medak 1,024 1,060 1,027 943 975 946
18 Siddipet 1,008 1,008 1,008 953 951 952
19 Jangaon 1,004 956 997 929 978 935
20 Yadadri Bhuvanagiri 974 974 974 918 943 922
21 Medchal Malkajgiri 933 960 957 940 934 934
22 Hyderabad - 954 954 - 914 914
23 Rangareddy 952 950 950 925 924 925
24 Vikarabad 1,000 1,001 1,000 944 948 945
25 Mahabubnagar 989 985 988 933 936 934
26 Jogulamba Gadwal 972 978 972 930 974 933
27 Wanaparthy 961 951 960 899 924 903
28 Nagarkurnool 969 958 968 905 945 909
29 Nalgonda 974 992 978 911 941 917
30 Suryapet 992 1,017 996 933 945 935

31 Khammam 1,000 1,023 1,005 948 938 946

32 Mulug 1,017 990 1,015 969 1,019 971

33 Narayanpet 1,008 1,017 1,008 953 891 949
State 999 970 988 934 930 932
Source: Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India.

270 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Annexure 21
Literate Population (7 Years and above) by Districts, 2011 Census

S. Total Literates (Nos.) Rural Literates (Nos.) Urban Literates (Nos.)

District
No.
Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total
1 Adilabad 2,28,689 1,65,802 3,94,491 1,64,470 1,13,386 2,77,856 64,219 52,416 1,16,635
Kumuram
2 1,47,911 1,07,091 2,55,002 1,14,535 78,824 1,93,359 33,376 28,267 61,643
Bheem
3 Mancherial 2,69,729 2,02,127 4,71,856 1,34,794 96,600 2,31,394 1,34,935 1,05,527 2,40,462
4 Nirmal 2,10,021 1,51,977 3,61,998 1,55,234 1,07,864 2,63,098 54,787 44,113 98,900
5 Nizamabad 5,04,933 3,95,503 9,00,436 3,34,248 2,49,189 5,83,437 1,70,685 1,46,314 3,16,999
6 Jagtial 3,08,880 2,30,408 5,39,288 2,25,757 1,63,278 3,89,035 83,123 67,130 1,50,253
7 Peddapalli 2,67,654 2,08,055 4,75,709 1,52,684 1,15,852 2,68,536 1,14,970 92,203 2,07,173
8 Jayashankar 1,29,026 93,906 2,22,932 1,12,539 80,672 1,93,211 16,487 13,234 29,721
Bhadradri Ko-
9 3,51,411 2,87,288 6,38,699 2,22,077 1,73,979 3,96,056 1,29,334 1,13,309 2,42,643
thagudem
10 Mahabubabad 2,29,809 1,66,389 3,96,198 2,00,619 1,41,311 3,41,930 29,190 25,078 54,268
11 Warangal Rural 2,48,397 1,81,575 4,29,972 1,60,659 1,12,676 2,73,335 87,738 68,899 1,56,637
12 Warangal Urban 3,98,182 3,17,376 7,15,558 1,66,533 1,21,418 2,87,951 2,31,649 1,95,958 4,27,607
13 Karimnagar 3,57,364 2,76,616 6,33,980 2,32,177 1,69,586 4,01,763 1,25,187 1,07,030 2,32,217
14 Rajanna Sircilla 1,82,946 1,32,665 3,15,611 1,38,476 98,230 2,36,706 44,470 34,435 78,905
15 Kamareddy 2,83,542 2,03,017 4,86,559 2,37,197 1,64,145 4,01,342 46,345 38,872 85,217
16 Sangareddy 4,95,096 3,59,497 8,54,593 2,91,040 1,97,667 4,88,707 2,04,056 1,61,830 3,65,886
17 Medak 2,22,678 1,54,673 3,77,351 2,01,412 1,36,379 3,37,791 21,266 18,294 39,560
18 Siddipet 3,26,013 2,33,560 5,59,573 2,72,345 1,90,026 4,62,371 53,668 43,534 97,202
19 Jangaon 1,72,009 1,25,480 2,97,489 1,42,923 1,02,772 2,45,695 29,086 22,708 51,794
Yadadri
20 2,63,588 1,87,376 4,50,964 2,15,119 1,49,008 3,64,127 48,469 38,368 86,837
Bhuvanagiri
Medchal-
21 9,68,890 8,22,812 17,91,702 75,017 54,495 1,29,512 8,93,873 7,68,317 16,62,190
Malkajgiri
22 Hyderabad 15,42,688 13,49,467 28,92,155 - - - 15,42,688 13,49,467 28,92,155
23 Rangareddy 8,59,096 6,70,849 15,29,945 3,21,466 2,17,056 5,38,522 5,37,630 4,53,793 9,91,423
24 Vikarabad 2,78,403 2,00,314 4,78,717 2,32,741 1,61,588 3,94,329 45,662 38,726 84,388
25 Mahabubnagar 2,79,816 2,02,393 4,82,209 1,75,945 1,15,655 2,91,600 1,03,871 86,738 1,90,609
Jogulamba
26 1,59,704 1,02,751 2,62,455 1,37,276 85,307 2,22,583 22,428 17,444 39,872
Gadwal
27 Wanaparthy 1,68,792 1,12,539 2,81,331 1,33,446 85,361 2,18,807 35,346 27,178 62,524
28 Nagarkurnool 2,47,538 1,62,621 4,10,159 2,13,365 1,36,622 3,49,987 34,173 25,999 60,172
29 Nalgonda 5,34,573 3,81,169 9,15,742 3,87,059 2,57,677 6,44,736 1,47,514 1,23,492 2,71,006
30 Suryapet 3,62,596 2,71,717 6,34,313 2,94,818 2,11,866 5,06,684 67,778 59,851 1,27,629
31 Khammam 4,62,275 3,70,045 8,32,320 3,37,475 2,56,787 5,94,262 1,24,800 1,13,258 2,38,058
32 Mulugu 94,549 70,766 1,65,315 90,326 67,401 1,57,727 4,223 3,365 7,588
33 Narayanpet 1,44,931 97,225 2,42,156 1,30,402 85,223 2,15,625 14,529 12,002 26,531
Total 1,17,01,729 89,95,049 2,06,96,778 64,04,174 44,97,900 1,09,02,074 52,97,555 44,97,149 97,94,704
Source: Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India.

Annexures 271
Annexure 22
Literacy Rates by Districts, 2011 Census
S.
District Total Literacy Rate Rural Literacy Rate Urban Literacy Rate
No.
Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total
1 Adilabad 73.48 53.40 63.46 69.64 47.92 58.77 85.58 70.95 78.32
2 Kumuram Bheem 65.99 47.50 56.72 61.73 42.35 52.02 86.47 71.88 79.11
3 Mancherial 72.96 55.59 64.35 65.76 47.33 56.56 81.92 66.15 74.16
4 Nirmal 69.03 47.14 57.77 65.31 42.21 53.34 82.30 66.01 74.14
5 Nizamabad 74.08 54.95 64.25 69.92 48.65 58.92 83.84 70.49 77.10
6 Jagitial 70.56 50.35 60.23 66.51 45.57 55.76 84.52 67.64 76.04
7 Peddapalli 73.74 57.42 65.59 68.77 51.57 60.12 81.56 66.96 74.35
8 Jayashankar 68.72 49.35 58.97 67.04 47.08 56.95 82.87 69.93 76.56
9 Bhadradri Kothagudem 73.56 59.33 66.40 67.89 52.90 60.38 85.86 72.95 79.31
10 Mahabubabad 66.52 47.81 57.13 64.35 45.19 54.75 86.70 71.02 78.67
11 Warangal 74.74 54.41 64.55 69.80 48.69 59.21 85.87 67.37 76.61
12 Hanumakonda 82.63 65.65 74.13 73.72 53.10 63.35 90.50 76.93 83.73
13 Karimnagar 77.94 60.38 69.16 72.80 52.99 62.88 89.69 77.51 83.63
14 Rajanna Sircilla 73.47 52.17 62.71 70.48 48.84 59.53 84.65 64.78 74.66
15 Kamareddy 67.37 46.13 56.51 64.63 42.73 53.43 86.10 69.53 77.65
16 Sangareddy 73.01 54.83 64.07 66.15 45.88 56.12 85.70 71.97 79.03
17 Medak 67.51 45.15 56.12 66.13 43.22 54.47 84.18 67.58 75.59
18 Siddipet 72.30 51.08 61.61 69.98 48.16 58.99 86.87 69.47 78.10
19 Jangaon 71.38 51.86 61.60 68.73 48.83 58.72 88.12 72.16 80.33
20 Yadadri Bhuvanagiri 75.51 54.76 65.24 73.29 51.77 62.63 87.27 70.65 79.05
21 Medchal Malkajgiri 87.43 77.31 82.48 78.25 60.99 69.93 88.30 78.81 83.65
22 Hyderabad 86.99 79.35 83.25 - - - 86.99 79.35 83.25
23 Rangareddy 78.87 64.55 71.88 69.98 49.46 59.96 85.36 75.59 80.59
24 Vikarabad 67.48 48.15 57.78 65.07 44.81 54.90 83.16 69.95 76.53

25 Mahabubnagar 70.81 51.40 61.12 63.56 41.85 52.71 87.78 73.88 80.86
26 Jogulamba Gadwal 60.05 39.48 49.87 57.72 36.65 47.30 79.67 63.30 71.57
27 Wanaparthy 65.73 45.27 55.67 62.19 40.98 51.74 83.70 67.45 75.77
28 Nagarkurnool 64.85 43.64 54.38 62.38 40.84 51.73 86.17 68.28 77.41
29 Nalgonda 73.90 53.46 63.75 69.32 47.00 58.26 89.38 74.95 82.17
30 Suryapet 73.39 54.85 64.11 70.58 50.80 60.70 88.76 76.44 82.52
31 Khammam 73.69 58.31 65.95 69.32 52.45 60.86 88.82 78.06 83.35

32 Mulugu 71.95 52.77 62.26 71.62 52.30 61.86 79.65 64.29 72.02
33 Narayanpet 60.29 39.72 49.91 58.65 37.70 48.09 80.47 64.18 72.18
State 75.04 57.99 66.54 67.56 47.12 57.30 86.65 75.39 81.09
Source: Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India.

272 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Annexure 23
Working Population by Districts, 2011 Census (in No.s)
Workers in
S. Total Agricultural Other Work- % Working
District Cultivators Household Total Workers
No. Population Lobourers ers Population
Industry
1 Adilabad 7,08,972 1,26,363 1,19,664 10,313 92,781 3,49,121 49.2
2 Kumuram Bheem 5,15,812 88,045 99,667 7,490 57,799 2,53,001 49.0

3 Mancherial 8,07,037 45,831 1,48,377 8,423 1,42,154 3,44,785 42.7

4 Nirmal 7,09,418 1,03,498 1,17,204 58,435 97,623 3,76,760 53.1
5 Nizamabad 15,71,022 1,44,090 2,31,941 1,26,712 2,59,823 7,62,566 48.5
6 Jagitial 9,88,913 1,11,866 1,78,654 89,940 1,57,870 5,38,330 54.4
7 Peddapalli 7,91,836 45,594 1,58,843 8,164 1,30,719 3,43,320 43.4
8 Jayashankar 4,16,763 51,785 1,30,897 2,993 35,356 2,21,031 53.0
9 Bhadradri Ko- 10,69,261 89,435 2,62,753 8,446 1,56,477 5,17,111 48.4
thagudem
10 Mahabubabad 7,74,549 1,22,597 2,04,458 7,427 73,002 4,07,484 52.6
11 Warangal 7,37,148 80,658 1,59,416 8,825 1,13,508 3,62,407 49.2
12 Hanumakonda 10,62,247 62,040 1,61,987 14,881 2,14,937 4,53,845 42.7
13 Karimnagar 10,05,711 78,516 1,86,363 18,694 1,80,347 4,63,920 46.1
14 Rajanna Sircilla 5,52,037 66,751 1,01,737 46,647 83,528 2,98,663 54.1
15 Kamareddy 9,72,625 1,33,267 2,13,224 44,358 1,03,332 4,94,181 50.8
16 Sangareddy 15,28,903 1,09,789 2,99,375 17,234 2,62,362 6,88,760 45.0
17 Medak 7,66,153 1,29,391 1,62,442 15,811 77,562 3,85,206 50.3
18 Siddipet 10,12,065 1,56,467 1,71,665 40,520 1,40,911 5,09,563 50.3
19 Jangaon 5,34,991 80,477 1,20,447 7,462 62,386 2,70,772 50.6
20 Yadadri Bhuvanagiri 7,70,833 67,500 1,57,672 17,038 1,31,864 3,74,074 48.5
21 Medchal Malkajgiri 24,60,095 26,675 44,980 38,872 8,54,205 9,64,732 39.2
22 Hyderabad 39,43,323 28,308 23,029 46,157 13,15,803 14,13,297 35.8
23 Rangareddy 24,26,243 1,65,705 2,13,624 29,544 6,13,768 10,22,641 42.1
24 Vikarabad 9,46,109 1,69,562 1,95,455 10,957 1,04,202 4,80,176 50.8
25 Mahabubnagar 9,05,660 96,949 1,67,858 14,694 1,55,407 4,34,908 48.0
26 Jogulamba Gadwal 6,09,990 85,048 1,83,459 8,441 51,138 3,28,086 53.8
27 Wanaparthy 5,77,758 60,914 1,44,713 8,749 81,773 2,96,149 51.3
28 Nagarkurnool 8,61,766 1,54,560 1,90,030 9,633 1,02,539 4,56,762 53.0
29 Nalgonda 16,18,416 1,58,951 3,89,621 19,633 2,37,886 8,06,091 49.8
30 Suryapet 10,99,560 98,773 3,15,838 8,453 1,38,464 5,61,528 51.1
31 Khammam 14,01,639 95,769 4,14,250 9,198 1,85,512 7,04,729 50.3
32 Mulugu 2,94,671 35,561 1,05,511 2,042 19,704 1,62,818 55.3
33 Narayanpet 5,62,148 80,654 1,39,997 10,343 64,131 2,95,125 52.5
Total 3,50,03,674 31,51,389 59,15,151 7,76,529 64,98,873 1,63,41,942 46.7

Source: Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India.

Annexures 273
Annexure 24
Pattern of Land Utilisation from 2008-09 to 2020-21 (Area in Lakh Hects. )

Misc. Tree
Permanent
Land put Crops and
Barren and Pastures
to Non-Ag- Culturable Groves not Current Other Fal- Net Area Geographi-
Year Forest Uncultiva- and Other
ricultural Waste included in Fallow low Lands Sown cal Area
ble Land Grazing
Uses Net Area
Lands
Sown

2008-09 27.43 6.26 8.19 1.71 3.09 1.16 16.79 7.88 42.33 114.84

2009-10 27.43 6.18 8.24 1.70 3.08 1.16 19.38 8.08 39.59 114.84

2010-11 27.43 6.17 8.71 1.67 3.03 1.14 13.97 7.80 44.92 114.84

2011-12 27.43 6.17 8.82 1.65 3.02 1.14 12.36 8.26 45.99 114.84

2012-13 27.43 6.17 8.86 1.74 3.02 1.14 12.03 7.91 46.54 114.84

2013-14 25.40 6.07 8.81 1.77 3.00 1.12 9.51 7.17 49.23 112.08

2014-15 25.40 6.07 8.85 1.82 2.99 1.12 14.01 8.05 43.77 112.08

2015-16 25.40 6.07 8.92 1.82 2.99 1.12 15.79 8.22 41.75 112.08

2016-17 26.98 6.07 8.52 1.82 2.99 1.12 10.15 6.69 47.74 112.08

2017-18 26.98 6.07 8.34 1.82 2.99 1.12 9.16 6.62 48.98 112.08

2018-19 26.98 6.07 8.36 1.80 2.99 1.12 10.65 7.51 46.60 112.08

2019-20 26.98 6.07 8.36 1.63 2.82 1.12 4.44 5.66 55.00 112.08

2020-21 27.68 6.07 8.36 1.16 2.80 0.84 2.10 3.80 59.27 112.08

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Hyderabad.

274 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Annexure 25
Rainfall by Seasons from 1990-91 to 2021-22 (in mm)

North-East Monsoon
South-West Monsoon Winter Period Hot Weather Period
(October to Total
(June to September) (January to February) (March to May)
December)
S. No. Year
% Dev. % Dev. % Dev. % Dev. % Dev.
Actual over Actual over Actual over Actual over Actual over
normal normal normal normal normal
Normal 715.1 129.2 11.5 50.8 906.6
1 1990-91 653.1 -8.7 140.5 8.7 6.9 -40.0 31.1 -38.8 831.6 -8.3
2 1991-92 578.1 -19.2 50.5 -60.9 1.2 -89.6 14.9 -70.7 644.7 -28.9
3 1992-93 489.6 -31.5 82.5 -36.1 0.0 -100.0 43.3 -14.8 615.4 -32.1
4 1993-94 480.3 -32.8 106.5 -17.6 7.2 -37.4 16.7 -67.1 610.7 -32.6
5 1994-95 436.1 -39.0 166.1 28.6 39.5 243.5 49.7 -2.2 691.4 -23.7
6 1995-96 512.6 -28.3 240.3 86.0 1.3 -88.7 21.9 -56.9 776.1 -14.4
7 1996-97 643.5 -10.0 95.4 -26.2 13.4 16.5 52.1 2.6 804.5 -11.3
8 1997-98 481.3 -32.7 126.5 -2.1 12.3 7.0 26.6 -47.6 646.7 -28.7
9 1998-99 745.1 4.2 78.4 -39.3 4.7 -59.1 46.5 -8.5 874.7 -3.5
10 1999-2K 574.3 -19.7 37.6 -70.9 6.7 -41.7 33.4 -34.3 652.0 -28.1
11 2000-01 827.1 15.7 23.1 -82.1 3.3 -71.3 37.4 -26.4 890.9 -1.7
12 2001-02 582.3 -18.6 134.8 4.3 19.0 65.2 32.6 -35.8 768.8 -15.2
13 2002-03 488.3 -31.7 86.0 -33.4 2.7 -76.5 23.9 -53.0 600.9 -33.7
14 2003-04 672.6 -5.9 103.0 -20.3 29.7 158.3 50.4 -0.8 855.8 -5.6
15 2004-05 455.8 -36.3 76.4 -40.9 37.4 225.2 44.4 -12.6 614.0 -32.3
16 2005-06 808.2 13.0 172.3 33.4 0.0 -100.0 137.1 169.9 1117.6 23.3
17 2006-07 728.9 1.9 65.4 -49.4 0.6 -94.8 9.4 -81.5 804.2 -11.3
18 2007-08 734.6 2.7 61.6 -52.3 19.6 70.4 124.2 144.5 940.0 3.7
19 2008-09 755.2 5.6 38.6 -70.1 0.0 -100.0 27.1 -46.7 820.9 -9.5
20 2009-10 494.9 -30.8 122.0 -5.6 18.8 63.5 46.1 -9.3 681.7 -24.8
21 2010-11 894.4 25.1 152.6 18.1 10.1 -12.2 43.7 -14.0 1100.8 21.4
22 2011-12 601.1 -15.9 24.0 -81.4 8.0 -30.4 27.5 -45.9 660.6 -27.1
23 2012-13 707.2 -1.1 141.8 9.8 34.5 200.0 33.3 -34.4 916.8 1.1
24 2013-14 851.5 19.1 243.2 88.2 1.3 -88.7 116.2 128.7 1212.2 33.7
Normal 713.5 129.5 11.5 50.8 905.3
25 2014-15 494.7 -30.7 54.4 -58.0 13.0 13.0 120.0 682.1 -24.7
26 2015-16 611.2 -14.3 27.5 -78.8 1.5 -87.0 76.9 51.4 717.1 -20.8
Normal 712.9 127.1 11.4 49.8 901.2
27 2016-17 912.1 27.9 70.9 -44.2 0.0 -100.0 35.6 -28.5 1018.6 13.0
Normal 719.3 126.1 11.8 48.8 906.0
28 2017-18 647.2 -10.0 129.5 2.7 2.4 -79.7 61.4 25.8 840.5 -7.2
29 2018-19 661.1 -8.1 37.4 -70.3 23.7 100.8 26.3 -46.1 748.4 -17.4
Normal 720.4 124.9 11.5 48.6 905.4
30 2019-20 791.4 10.0 173.1 38.6 15.4 34.0 52.8 9.0 1032.6 14.0
31 2020-21 1078.3 49.7 179.4 43.6 4.3 -62.6 60.5 24.5 1322.5 46.0
Normal 721.2 124.9 11.4 48.6 906.1
32 2021-22 1009.6 40.0 93.1 -25.0 35.9 215.0 42.2 -13.0 1180.8 30.0
33 2022-23* 1098.8 52.0 125.7 1.0
Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Telangana. Note: * Rainfall data upto December 2022.

Annexures 275
 Annexure 26
Area Sown and Production of Foodgrains from 1990-91 to 2021-22
Sl. No. Year Area (Lakh Hects) Production (Lakh Tonnes)

1 1990-91 34.10 48.19

2 1991-92 32.33 43.21

3 1992-93 28.39 39.08

4 1993-94 28.03 39.90

5 1994-95 27.76 41.60

6 1995-96 27.73 39.79

7 1996-97 30.56 53.06

8 1997-98 25.90 35.25

9 1998-99 32.47 60.94

10 1999-00 30.77 52.48

11 2000-01 33.39 64.63

12 2001-02 29.64 55.32

13 2002-03 26.67 39.48

14 2003-04 29.93 57.99

15 2004-05 24.97 41.68

16 2005-06 31.31 75.29

17 2006-07 30.81 65.22

18 2007-08 30.09 81.34

19 2008-09 31.72 82.48

20 2009-10 26.49 51.90

21 2010-11 34.44 92.60

22 2011-12 31.09 75.01

23 2012-13 28.36 82.42

24 2013-14 34.30 106.86

25 2014-15 26.13 72.18

26 2015-16 21.80 51.45

27 2016-17 34.39 101.29

28 2017-18 32.45 96.20

29 2018-19 30.56 92.75

30 2019-20 44.81 162.35

31 2020-21 52.79 171.75

32 2021-22 51.60 172.02

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Telangana.

276 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Annexure 27
Estimates of Area, Production and Yield of Total Foodgrains by States, 2020-21
Area Production
State/UT Rank Rank
(‘000 Hectares) (‘000 Tonnes)
Uttar Pradesh 19,933.00 1 58,106.92 1
Madhya Pradesh 15,014.00 3 32,844.23 2
Punjab 6,604.50 7 30,418.34 3
Rajasthan 15,556.35 2 24,282.31 4
West Bengal 6,612.34 6 20,004.64 5
Haryana 4,595.14 11 18,309.50 6
Maharashtra 11,345.88 4 15,766.09 7
Bihar 6,359.43 8 15,382.59 8
Karnataka 8,235.11 5 14,550.07 9
Telangana 4,145.10 13 12,745.62 10
Andhra Pradesh 4,074.50 14 11,299.04 11
Tamil Nadu 3,819.58 15 10,823.62 12
Odisha 4,978.46 9 9,523.56 13
Gujarat 4,230.29 12 8,973.93 14
Chhattisgarh 4,804.45 10 8,225.52 15
Assam 2,558.24 17 5,487.51 16
Jharkhand 2,811.02 16 4,871.69 17
Uttarakhand 809.00 19 2,001.84 18
Jammu & Kashmir 841.89 18 1,594.95 19
Himachal Pradesh 727.03 20 1,535.51 20
Tripura 313.56 22 867.64 21
Manipur 284.71 23 697.09 22
Kerala 207.66 25 636.38 23
Nagaland 342.60 21 570.24 24
Arunachal Pradesh 229.04 24 377.07 25
Meghalaya 137.48 26 353.33 26
Delhi 29.70 30 111.79 27
Sikkim 54.74 27 91.75 28
Goa 36.52 29 91.09 29
Mizoram 46.48 28 80.68 30
Puducherry 19.33 31 50.70 31
D & N Haveli 16.70 32 34.34 32
A & N Islands 6.94 34 13.72 33
UT of Ladakh 11.69 33 11.96 34
Daman & Diu 1.93 35 3.55 35
Chandigarh 0.63 36 2.92 36
All India 1,29,795.01 3,10,741.74

Annexures 277
Annexure 28
Estimates of Area, Production and Yield of Cotton by States, 2020-21
Area Production Yield
State/UT
(‘000 Hectares) Rank (‘000 bales of Rank (Kg./Hectare) Rank
170 kgs. each)

Maharashtra 4,544.60 1 10,105.05 1 378 14

Gujarat 2,270.50 3 7,212.18 2 540 6

Telangana 2,358.00 2 5,797.91 3 418 12

Rajasthan 807.84 5 3,207.59 4 675 3

Karnataka 820.00 4 2,320.12 5 481 8

Haryana 739.60 6 1,822.90 6 419 11

Andhra Pradesh 606.00 7 1,600.55 7 449 9

Madhya Pradesh 588.00 8 1,338.56 8 387 13

Punjab 251.60 9 1,022.68 9 691 2

Odisha 171.24 10 550.99 10 547 5

Tamil Nadu 112.05 11 243.21 11 369 15

Meghalaya 7.24 12 8.65 12 203 19

Chhattisgarh 4.20 13 8.40 13 340 17

Uttar Pradesh 3.00 14 6.46 14 366 16

Tripura 0.61 16 0.94 15 265 18

West Bengal 0.30 18 0.87 16 501 7

Puducherry 0.33 17 0.83 17 425 10

Assam 0.76 15 0.39 18 88 20

Kerala 0.01 20 0.03 19 1,156 1

Nagaland 0.01 21 0.02 20 600 4

Mizoram 0.02 19 0.01 21 78 21

All India 13,286 35,248 451

278 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Annexure 29
Estimates of Area, Production and Yield of Rice by States, 2020-21
Area Production Yield
State/UT
(‘000 Hectares) Rank (‘000 Tonnes) Rank (Kg./Hectare) Rank
West Bengal 5,585.63 2 16,524.44 1 2,958 11
Uttar Pradesh 5,678.00 1 15,520.02 2 2,733 16
Punjab 2,928.00 7 12,783.65 3 4,366 2
Telangana 3,186.40 5 10,217.13 4 3,206 6
Odisha 4,038.24 3 8,810.30 5 2,182 22
Andhra Pradesh 2,323.50 9 7,882.86 6 3,393 3
Chhattisgarh 3,791.00 4 7,161.20 7 1,889 31
Tamil Nadu 2,036.24 11 6,881.16 8 3,379 4
Bihar 3,020.86 6 6,746.99 9 2,233 20
Assam 2,360.47 8 5,214.76 10 2,209 21
Haryana 1,327.20 15 4,424.88 11 3,334 5
Madhya Pradesh 2,117.00 10 4,413.79 12 2,085 26
Karnataka 1,397.10 14 4,291.75 13 3,072 9
Maharashtra 1,560.57 12 3,291.66 14 2,109 25
Jharkhand 1,411.00 13 2,752.86 15 1,951 30
Gujarat 906.63 16 2,145.70 16 2,367 19
Tripura 263.79 18 803.12 17 3,045 10
Uttarakhand 254.00 19 714.88 18 2,814 12
Rajasthan 231.47 20 634.00 19 2,739 15
Kerala 205.04 23 633.77 20 3,091 8
Manipur 225.77 21 602.15 21 2,667 18
Jammu & Kashmir 267.58 17 581.45 22 2,173 23
Nagaland 218.81 22 367.39 23 1,679 35
Meghalaya 107.60 25 295.85 24 2,750 14
Arunachal Pradesh 133.77 24 247.08 25 1,847 33
Himachal Pradesh 68.46 26 140.47 26 2,052 28
Goa 32.68 28 87.34 27 2,673 17
Mizoram 35.25 27 62.19 28 1,764 34
Puducherry 18.15 29 50.01 29 2,756 13
D & N Haveli 15.85 30 32.94 30 2,078 27
Delhi 6.17 33 19.75 31 3,200 7
Sikkim 8.70 31 16.19 32 1,861 32
A & N Islands 6.26 32 13.34 33 2,133 24
Daman & Diu 1.43 34 2.80 34 1,956 29
Chandigarh 0.08 35 0.44 35 5,500 1
All India 45,768.69 1,24,368.32 2,717

Annexures 279
Annexure 30
State-wise Production of Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunches and Crude Palm Oil for the year
2020-21 (Production in Metric Tonnes)

[Link]. State Fresh fruit Bunches Crude Palm Oil

1 Andhra Pradesh 14,71,521 2,37,900

2 Telangana 1,49,488 26,690

3 Kerala 27,627 4,281

4 Karnataka 15,877 2,734

5 Mizoram 10,563 -

6 Gujarat 7,425 -

7 Tamilnadu 3,038 429

8 Assam 2,200 -

9 Goa 1,717 305

10 Nagaland 280 -

11 Chhattisgarh 6 -

12 Odisha 0 -

Source : Agriculture Statistics at a Glance 2021,MoAFW, GoI

Note : Figures are provisional

280 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Annexure 31
Livestock and Poultry Population by Districts, 2019 Census (in Lakhs)

Total Livestock
Buffaloes

Rabbits

Poultry
District

Others
Sheep
Cattle
[Link].

Dogs
Goat

Pigs
1 Adilabad 3.11 0.49 1.53 1.86 0.02 0.00 7.02 0.05 0.00 5.54
2 Kumuram Bheem 2.64 0.49 1.61 2.60 0.01 0.00 7.35 0.01 0.01 4.56
3 Mancherial 1.80 1.06 5.21 1.84 0.02 0.00 9.92 0.08 0.00 8.68
4 Nirmal 1.79 1.21 5.03 1.32 0.03 0.00 9.38 0.09 0.00 5.01
5 Nizamabad 1.01 2.07 7.36 1.57 0.02 0.00 12.02 0.04 0.00 17.20
6 Jagtial 0.47 1.24 6.11 0.97 0.15 0.00 8.95 0.03 0.00 8.67
7 Peddapalli 0.56 0.91 5.49 0.96 0.04 0.00 7.96 0.04 0.00 10.70
8 Jayashankar 0.69 0.63 2.92 0.81 0.01 - 5.06 0.02 0.00 4.22
9 Bhadradri Ko- 2.84 1.72 2.67 2.56 0.03 0.00 9.82 0.26 0.00 16.11
thagudem
10 Mahabubabad 1.82 1.30 6.78 1.78 0.08 0.00 11.75 0.11 0.00 11.09
11 Warangal Rural 0.81 1.11 6.12 0.97 0.08 0.00 10.56 0.03 0.00 19.17
12 Warangal Urban 0.49 0.76 5.08 0.62 0.09 0.00 5.56 0.07 0.00 9.83
13 Karimnagar 0.82 0.95 6.39 0.93 0.07 0.00 9.16 0.07 0.03 21.68
14 Rajanna Sircilla 0.44 0.73 3.88 0.88 0.03 0.00 5.96 0.03 0.00 7.44
15 Kamareddy 1.12 1.81 5.74 1.68 0.06 0.01 10.41 0.07 0.00 13.75
16 Sangareddy 1.54 1.65 4.39 2.29 0.06 0.01 9.94 0.14 0.00 12.41
17 Medak 0.89 1.90 6.37 1.53 0.05 0.00 10.73 0.18 0.00 24.58
18 Siddipet 1.27 1.78 8.01 1.83 0.09 0.00 12.98 0.03 0.01 91.37
19 Jangaon 1.02 1.20 6.17 1.15 0.03 0.00 10.46 0.02 0.00 7.25
20 Yadadri Bhuvanagiri 1.10 1.69 7.16 1.60 0.03 0.01 10.64 0.07 0.01 45.41
21 Medchal-Malkajgiri 0.27 0.60 1.49 0.40 0.02 0.00 2.79 0.52 0.00 39.58
22 Hyderabad 0.16 0.23 0.13 0.34 0.00 0.01 0.87 0.51 0.03 0.25
23 Rangareddy 2.41 1.67 7.67 2.57 0.06 0.02 14.39 0.27 0.03 240.70
24 Vikarabad 1.76 0.83 2.47 2.61 0.10 0.00 7.55 0.04 0.00 5.41
25 Mahabubnagar 1.35 0.97 9.99 1.49 0.09 0.00 14.11 0.10 0.00 23.61
26 Jogulamba Gadwal 0.75 0.58 5.75 0.67 0.05 0.00 7.83 0.02 0.00 14.80
27 Wanaparthy 0.75 0.73 9.77 0.81 0.09 0.00 12.14 0.08 0.00 7.66
28 Nagarkurnool 2.23 1.12 9.68 2.06 0.11 0.00 15.21 0.14 0.00 27.70
29 Nalgonda 2.03 3.08 10.95 3.36 0.07 0.00 19.54 0.12 0.00 44.30
30 Suryapet 0.95 2.90 7.79 1.40 0.03 0.00 13.07 0.08 0.00 20.03
31 Khammam 1.41 3.75 6.67 1.90 0.06 0.00 13.79 0.13 0.00 21.59
32 Mulugu 0.99 0.61 1.29 0.75 0.01 - 3.65 0.04 0.00 5.14
33 Narayanpet 1.01 0.50 12.96 1.26 0.12 0.00 15.83 0.06 0.00 4.57
Total 42.33 42.26 190.63 49.35 1.78 0.06 326.41 3.55 0.15 799.99
Source : Director of Animal Husbandry , Telangana.

Annexures 281
Annexure 32
Fish and Prawn Production from 2008-09 to 2021-22
Inland Fish Production Fresh Water Prawn
[Link]. Year Total
(Tonnes) Production (Tonnes)

1 2008-09 1,49,049 2,242 1,51,291

2 2009-10 1,33,613 2,008 1,35,621

3 2010-11 1,33,587 2,206 1,35,793

4 2011-12 1,96,708 3,774 2,00,482

5 2012-13 2,14,591 5,037 2,19,628

6 2013-14 2,43,037 6,596 2,49,633

7 2014-15 2,60,010 8,352 2,68,362

8 2015-16 2,28,185 8,567 2,36,752

9 2016-17 1,93,732 5,189 1,98,921

10 2017-18 2,62,252 7,783 2,70,035

11 2018-19 2,84,211 9,998 2,94,209

12 2019-20 2,99,869 10,453 3,10,322

13 2020-21 3,37,117 11,734 3,48,851

14 2021-22 3,76,142 13,827 3,89,969

Source: Commissioner of Fisheries, Hyderabad.

33. Production of Milk, Meat and Eggs from 2013-14 to 2021-22

[Link]. Year Milk Meat including Chicken Eggs
(in ‘000 Tonnes) (in ‘000 Tonnes) (in Lakh Nos.)

1 2013-14 3,924.14 230.29 1,00,605.98

2 2014-15 4,207.26 505.05 1,06,185.33

3 2015-16 4,442.45 542.05 1,12,058.23

4 2016-17 4,681.09 591.04 1,18,186.35

5 2017-18 4,965.37 645.03 1,26,700.02

6 2018-19 5,416.13 754.06 1,36,868.43

7 2019-20 5,590.21 848.16 1,48,055.17

8 2020-21 5,765.19 920.25 1,58,469.75

9 2021-22 6,099.97 1,014.73 1,72,506.12

Source : Director of Animal Husbandry , Telangana.

282 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Annexure 34
Mineral Production and Value of Mineral Produced, 2020-21 and 2021-22

2020-21 2021-22
[Link]. Mineral Unit Production Value Production Value
(Rs. in ‘000) (Rs. in ‘000)
I. Major Minerals
1 Coal Tonnes 4,85,17,153 11,88,670.25 6,53,78,118 16,01,76,388.41
2 Lime Stone Tonnes 2,39,93,360 80,617.69 2,84,04,124 1,17,02,498.96
3 Manganese Ore Tonnes 11,735 718.77 10,522 62,755.47
4 Stowing Sand Tonnes 8,38,494 1,165.51 5,46,198 83,022.10
6 Iron Ore Tonnes 0 0.00 0 0.00
Total 12,71,172.21 17,20,24,664.94
II. Minor Minerals
1 Amethyst Tonnes 0 0.00 0 0.00
2 Barytes Tonnes 500 24.96 2,060 10,281.46
3 Dolomite Tonnes 3,59,450 2,174.67 6,08,698 3,68,262.29
4 Feldspar Tonnes 6,70,106 3,206.46 7,29,646 3,49,500.48
5 Fire Clay Tonnes 0 0.00 0 0.00
6 Latarite Tonnes 36,02,917 12,682.27 53,59,405 18,86,510.42
7 Mica Tonnes 1,500 525.00 - -
8 Quartz Tonnes 9,04,734 3,781.79 12,28,337 5,13,444.87
9 Silica Sand Tonnes 0 0.00 0 0.00
10 Shale Tonnes 21,350 38.75 25,700 5,654.00
11 White Clay Tonnes 37,215 112.58 34,850 7,667.00
12 Yellow Ochre Tonnes 0 0.00 0 0.00
Total 22,546.47 31,41,320.52
III. Other Minor Minerals
1 Black Granite M3 3,58,438 78,067.87 350210.00 88,98,832.77
2 Colour Granite M3 8,38,963 2,13,180.40 7,61,663 1,65,89,026.02
3 Gravel / Earth M3 8,01,10,611 3,68,348.59 6,56,35,879 1,56,86,975.19
4 Fuller’s Earth Tonnes 3,86,506 4,846.79 3,41,617 1,58,851.91
5 Lime Stone Slabs M2 21,92,763 6,898.43 23,90,392 3,96,805.07
6 Limekankar Tonnes - 0.00 0 0.00
7 Mosaic Chips Tonnes 1,67,008 1,533.96 2,06,715 33,694.55
8 Marble Tonnes - 0.00 0 0.00
9 Road Metal M3 8,35,93,649 9,57,230.87 10,52,79,093 7,15,89,783.34
10 Ordinary Sand M3 1,21,63,006 72,978.04 1,23,96,466 74,37,879.60
Total 17,03,084.95 12,07,91,848.45
Grand Total 29,96,803.63 29,59,57,833.91
Source: Director of Mines and Geology, Hyderabad.

Annexures 283
Annexure 35

Functioning of Fair Price Shops and Food Security cards by Districts, 2021-22
Anthyodaya
Annapurna Cards Food Security
[Link]. District Name No. of FP Shops Food Security Total Cards
(AAP) Cards (FSC)
Cards ( AFSC )
1 Adilabad 355 272 14,137 1,78,498 1,92,907
2 Kumuram Bheem 278 21 13,024 1,27,370 1,40,415
3 Mancherial 423 169 15,502 2,05,059 2,20,730
4 Nirmal 412 35 12,544 1,97,465 2,10,044
5 Nizamabad 751 1,092 21,046 3,82,977 4,05,115
6 Jagtial 587 146 14,483 2,95,916 3,10,545
7 Peddapalli 413 175 12,394 2,09,955 2,22,524
8 Jayashankar 277 39 9,332 1,14,800 1,24,171
9 Bhadradri Kothagudem 442 4 18,880 2,76,762 2,95,646
10 Mahabubabad 553 2 15,453 2,25,763 2,41,218
11 Warangal 509 8 13,483 2,54,279 2,67,770
12 Hanumakonda 414 25 11,352 2,17,995 2,29,372
13 Karimnagar 487 42 15,859 2,64,994 2,80,895
14 Rajanna Sircilla 344 234 13,691 1,61,559 1,75,484
15 Kamareddy 578 989 17,585 2,35,199 2,53,773
16 Sangareddy 845 104 27,178 3,53,085 3,80,367
17 Medak 521 75 13,908 2,02,620 2,16,603
18 Siddipet 683 93 18,817 2,74,475 2,93,385
19 Jangaon 335 96 10,674 1,52,091 1,62,861
20 Yadadri Bhuvanagiri 513 0 13,773 2,05,585 2,19,358
21 Medchal-Malkajgiri 636 110 18,371 5,05,934 5,24,415
22 Hyderabad 668 1,310 30,170 6,05,093 6,36,573
23 Rangareddy 919 43 35,256 5,24,591 5,59,890
24 Vikarabad 588 38 26,933 2,14,624 2,41,595
25 Mahabubnagar 506 219 19,120 2,21,284 2,40,623
26 Jogulamba Gadwal 333 136 10,208 1,50,293 1,60,637
27 Wanaparthy 324 114 10,015 1,47,254 1,57,383
28 Nagarkurnool 558 40 18,811 2,20,053 2,38,904
29 Nalgonda 991 67 30,155 4,37,553 4,67,775
30 Suryapet 610 42 19,874 3,05,866 3,25,782
31 Khammam 669 3 27,036 3,89,625 4,16,664
32 Mulugu 222 2 8,076 83,821 91,899
33 Narayanpet 298 30 9,511 1,30,676 1,40,217
Total 17,042 5,775 5,66,651 84,73,114 90,45,540

Source : Commissioner , Civil Supplies, Telangana

284 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Annexure 36

Functioning of Anganwadi Centers by Districts, 2021-22

Mandals Ayahs (Help- [Link] Children
[Link]. District Projects [Link] AWCs [Link] AWTs
Covered ers) Enrolled
1 Adilabad 5 18 1,256 1,179 885 65,168
2 Kumuram Bheem 5 15 973 896 736 45,771
3 Mancherial 4 18 969 920 763 55,257
4 Nirmal 4 19 926 880 693 63,607
5 Nizamabad 5 29 1,500 1,477 1,255 1,29,631
6 Jagtial 4 18 1,065 1,044 926 72,014
7 Peddapalli 3 14 706 684 634 42,965
8 Jayashankar 2 11 644 413 370 29,550
9 Bhadradri Kothagudem 11 23 2,060 1,932 1,287 98,208
10 Mahabubabad 5 16 1,437 1,372 1,167 71,621
11 Warangal 3 16 919 853 691 65,222
12 Hanumakonda 3 11 788 739 632 56,531
13 Karimnagar 4 16 777 745 690 63,520
14 Rajanna Sircilla 2 13 587 570 500 42,605
15 Kamareddy 5 22 1,193 1,164 990 78,879
16 Sangareddy 5 26 1,504 1,459 1,149 1,32,819
17 Medak 4 20 1,076 1,024 751 72,204
18 Siddipet 5 22 1,150 1,095 969 70,785
19 Jangaon 3 12 695 676 622 33,179
20 Yadadri Bhuvanagiri 4 17 901 869 781 50,708
21 Medchal-Malkajgiri 3 15 793 745 621 1,81,843
22 Hyderabad 5 16 914 854 757 1,27,062
23 Rangareddy 7 27 1,600 1,581 1,308 1,50,544
24 Vikarabad 5 18 1,107 1,068 875 64,464
25 Mahabubnagar 4 15 1,185 1,132 945 63,370
26 Jogulamba Gadwal 3 12 713 670 575 55,834
27 Wanaparthy 3 14 589 570 517 34,250
28 Nagarkurnool 5 20 1,131 1,055 800 57,559
29 Nalgonda 9 31 2,093 2,012 1,709 1,04,580
30 Suryapet 5 23 1,209 1,155 1,018 68,728
31 Khammam 7 21 1,896 1,783 1,454 95,784
32 Mulugu 4 9 640 571 434 26,139
33 Narayanpet 3 11 704 687 575 52,609
Total 149 588 35,700 33,874 28,079 24,23,007

Source: Commissioner, Women Development and Child Welfare, Hyderabad.

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Annexure 37

Enrolment of Children in Schools from 2007-08 to 2021-22 (in No.s)

Year Pre-Primary I-V Classes VI-VIII Classes IX-X Classes XI-XII Classes Total
2007-08 4,19,329 33,58,789 18,10,849 9,67,072 4,035 65,60,074
2008-09 4,26,829 33,32,610 17,49,325 10,32,127 4,607 65,45,498
2009-10 2,55,699 33,28,545 16,92,809 10,45,235 11,023 63,33,311
2010-11 2,31,939 32,97,475 16,94,139 10,23,502 8,801 62,55,856
2011-12 2,25,741 32,56,509 17,25,626 10,15,125 11,063 62,34,064
2012-13 2,31,107 31,72,977 17,19,724 9,89,919 15,657 61,29,384
2013-14 1,83,223 32,06,958 17,38,259 10,25,861 24,194 61,78,495
2014-15 1,67,396 31,91,573 17,27,617 10,35,186 31,638 61,53,410
2015-16 94,892 32,46,976 17,58,209 10,58,128 33,577 61,91,782
2016-17 1,33,740 31,08,993 17,08,979 10,48,814 32,670 60,33,196
2017-18 1,51,672 30,78,186 17,03,766 10,54,358 48,554 60,36,536
2018-19 1,44,516 30,52,115 16,84,041 10,74,334 60,591 60,15,597
Higher Secondary
Primary Schools UPS High Schools
Year Pre-Primary Schools Total
I-V Classes (I-VII/VIII) (I-X&VI-X)
(I-XII&VI-XII)
2019-20* NA 10,10,575 8,91,136 39,67,147 4,09,651 62,78,509
2020-21* NA 9,79,573 8,89,464 39,46,999 4,65,345 62,81,381
2021-22* NA 12,13,090 8,46,106 36,60,181 5,09,288 62,28,665

Source: Commissioner and Director of School Education, Educational Statistics Booklet, 2018-19
* Commissioner and Director of School Education

Annexure 38

School Dropout Rates from 2012-13 to 2021-22

Primary Level (I-V) Elementary Level (I-VIII) Secondary Level (I-X)
Year
Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total
2012-13 24.28 24.56 24.42 33.98 31.35 32.69 42.71 41.59 42.16
2013-14 22.6 22.02 22.32 33.72 35.34 32.56 39.05 37.33 38.21
2014-15 19.52 18.95 19.25 31.93 30.31 31.14 38.76 36.31 37.56
2015-16 16.57 16.08 16.33 29.88 28.93 29.42 38.18 35.75 36.99
2016-17 18.85 18.08 18.48 33.15 31.46 32.33 38.89 36.89 37.92
2017-18 19.03 17.57 18.33 31.05 29.21 30.16 38.02 36.36 37.21
2018-19 15.95 15.55 15.76 30.00 28.70 29.37 35.80 33.43 34.65
2019-20 15.65 15.19 15.43 24.15 21.91 23.07 32.18 30.03 31.14
2020-21 7.38 7.35 7.37 21.10 19.35 20.26 28.59 27.56 28.09
2021-22 - - -0.54 - - 3.14 - - 13.74

Source : Commissioner and Director of School Education , Educational Statistics Booklet 2019-2020

286 Telangana Socio Economic Outlook 2023

Annexure 39
Company wise Number of LPG connections by Districts, 2020-2021 and 2021-22 (in ‘000)
2020-21 2021-22
S. No. District
IOCL HPCL BPCL Total IOCL HPCL BPCL Total
1 Adilabad 32.7 118.8 43.3 194.9 33.0 127.6 44.2 204.8
2 Kumuram Bheem 25.1 78.1 24.2 127.4 25.6 81.5 25.3 132.4
3 Mancherial 97.0 63.7 84.1 244.8 97.9 67.1 85.6 250.6
4 Nirmal 126.1 54.3 23.9 204.4 127.9 56.6 24.4 208.9
5 Nizamabad 154.5 136.8 179.9 471.2 158.2 143.7 182.6 484.6
6 Jagtial 201.6 35.8 60.8 298.2 204.3 38.3 62.7 305.3
7 Peddapalli 173.0 7.4 34.1 214.6 174.9 9.1 34.7 218.7
8 Jayashankar 39.4 44.9 36.9 121.2 52.5 47.5 37.7 137.7
9 Mulugu 13.4 56.2 7.7 77.2 0.0 58.4 7.7 66.1
10 Bhadradri 49.6 269.1 32.1 350.8 50.3 278.6 32.9 361.8
Kothagudem
11 Mahabubabad 48.7 63.3 46.5 158.5 47.5 64.3 48.1 159.9
12 Warangal Rural 93.6 28.7 61.1 183.4 96.6 52.6 63.1 212.4
13 Warangal Urban 100.4 118.5 169.6 388.5 100.7 104.3 173.9 378.9
14 Karimnagar 72.4 162.6 150.0 385.0 73.7 167.3 154.3 395.3
15 Rajanna Sircilla 89.2 28.6 25.8 143.6 89.9 29.9 26.0 145.8
16 Kamareddy 61.4 82.5 116.1 259.9 62.2 87.2 117.6 267.0
17 Sangareddy 187.9 177.1 114.9 479.9 193.2 188.6 118.1 500.0
18 Medak 35.4 85.5 87.0 207.9 36.3 90.5 88.0 214.9
19 Siddipet 126.6 109.4 75.9 312.0 128.4 113.6 77.8 319.8
20 Jangaon 30.1 35.9 78.7 144.6 30.7 36.8 80.5 147.9
21 Yadadri Bhuvanagiri 116.1 35.7 52.9 204.8 115.4 37.5 53.9 206.7
22 Medchal-Malkajgiri 519.5 681.7 200.0 1401.1 506.2 445.8 209.3 1161.2
23 Hyderabad 611.7 734.2 214.2 1560.2 627.5 760.5 217.6 1605.6
24 Rangareddy 572.9 131.3 175.5 879.7 620.3 424.4 185.3 1230.0
25 Vikarabad 113.2 60.2 38.7 212.0 117.7 62.6 40.4 220.6
26 Mahabubnagar 96.7 27.7 136.7 261.1 140.0 30.5 141.6 312.1
27 Narayanpet 52.7 26.4 42.2 121.4 14.4 28.5 43.2 86.1
28 Jogulamba Gadwal 44.2 121.6 2.7 168.5 45.3 125.1 3.0 173.4
29 Wanaparthy 49.0 7.6 70.0 126.5 50.0 8.1 71.1 129.2
30 Nagarkurnool 75.3 41.8 72.2 189.3 78.0 43.6 74.5 196.1
31 Nalgonda 191.1 186.1 100.9 478.1 193.1 192.9 103.0 489.0
32 Suryapet 230.7 35.2 62.1 328.0 229.8 37.2 62.8 329.8
33 Khammam 173.7 182.5 108.2 464.4 177.0 188.0 113.0 477.9
Total 4,605.0 4,029.4 2,728.9 11,363.3 4,698.6 4,228.1 2,803.7 11,730.4
Source : Sr. Manager-SLC/TS, HPCL, Secunderabad.

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