Diploma in

Electronics
Engineering
Syllabus Document

Effective from Academic Year 2021-22

Program Information
Introduction

Diploma in Electronics Engineering is a three-year program where the students are taught about
the study and application of electronics, electricity and electromagnetism. It is a form of
engineering associated with electronic circuits, devices and the equipment and systems that use
them.  This course has been designed to provide in-depth knowledge of theory & practicality in
the emerging & latest areas of electronics to meet the challenges of continuous technological
changes and sound knowledge of the latest areas. This course not only helps to acquire in-depth
knowledge in Electronics Engineering but also offers the opportunity to specialize in one of the
four subfields viz.

1. Communication Engineering
2. Medical Electronics
3. Digital Electronics
4. Instrumentation & Control Engineering

Program Vision
● To create highly skilled, proficient, creative, innovative and entrepreneurial electronics
engineers having professional ethics, passion and competence to adapt the latest
transformations in technology.
● To enhance the technical capabilities of students through learning and practicing in the
relevant domain to become effective and successful technical engineers to cope-up with
the changing technical demand of the market and to build a better foundation of students
for higher studies.

Program Mission
● To provide strong and sustainable human resources to meet industry needs where
electronics, instrumentation and controls are highly used.
● To provide a skill-intensive training regimen for students where students get rigorous
practical training along with theoretical knowledge.
● To provide life-long learning by enhancing the knowledge base and skills necessary to
contribute to the improvement of their profession and community.
● To provide an atmosphere where students will learn teamwork, ethical behavior, and the
ability to face the changing world.

Program Outcomes
After completing the diploma in Electronics Engineering, our students will be

1. Able to design a system, component or process to meet desired needs with realistic constraints.

2. Able to demonstrate skills to use modern devices, software and equipment to analyze and solve

1
 problems.

3. Able to acquire the knowledge of analog electronics, specialized communication engineering or

medical electronics or instrumentation & control or digital electronics engineering.

4. Able to design Major Project in the areas of Digital system design, microprocessor based system,
Software projects related to electronics field, Communication based projects, any other project
related to electronics industries.

5. Able to operate computer efficiently and write program in C++, Java, Python.

6. Able to design minor projects to enhance their practical knowledge and skills by development of
small electronics components, devices and circuitry and or based on microprocessor based
applications.

7. Able to demonstrate strong communication skills.

8. Able to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering.

9. Able to work in multidisciplinary teams to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems
related to corporate world and society.

10. Able to demonstrate continuous improvement to remain competitive in the changing world.

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Credit Scheme

Semester IV (Communication Engineering)

S. Hours/week Total
No. Course Code Course Name Credits
L T P

1 EC-PC401 Analog Electronics-III 3 0 2 4

2 Microprocessors &
EC-PC402 3 0 2 4
Microcontrollers

3 EC- PC403 Digital Logic Design 4 0 0 4

4 Fundamentals Of
EC-PE403 3 0 2 4
Communication Engineering

5 EC-PR401 Minor Project 0 0 4 2

6 FW-DP064 Face The World Skills-IV 1 0 0 1

(Entrepreneurship)

7 HS-024 English Communication - IV 1 0 0 1

8 HS-403 Human Values 1 0 0 1

Total 16 0 10 21

Semester IV (Medical Electronics)

S. Hours/week Total
No. Course Code Course Name Credits
L T P

1 EC-PC401 Analog Electronics - III 3 0 2 4

2 Microprocessor &
EC-PC402 3 0 2 4
Microcontrollers

3 EC- PC403 Digital Logic Design 4 0 0 4

4 EC-PE401 Bio Signal & Systems 3 0 2 4

5 EC-PR401 Minor Project 0 0 4 2

6 Face The World Skills-IV

FW-DP064 1 0 0 1
(Entrepreneurship)

7 HS-024 English Communication-IV 1 0 0 1

8 HS-403 Human Values 1 0 0 1

Total 16 0 10 21

3
 Semester IV (Instrumentation & Control)
S. Hours/week Total
No. Course Code Course Name Credits
L T P

1 EC-PC401 Analog Electronics - III 3 0 2 4

2 Microprocessor &
EC-PC402 3 0 2 4
Microcontrollers

3 EC- PC403 Digital Logic Design 4 0 0 4

4 EC-PE402 Transducers & Sensors 3 0 2 4

5 EC-PR401 Minor Project 0 0 4 2

6 Face The World Skills-IV

FW-DP064 1 0 0 1
(Entrepreneurship)

7 HS-024 English Communication-IV 1 0 0 1

8 HS-403 Human Values 1 0 0 1

Total 16 0 10 21

Semester IV (Digital Electronics)

S. Hours/week Total
No. Course Code Course Name Credits
L T P

1 EC-PC401 Analog Electronics 3 3 0 2 4

2 Microprocessor &
EC-PC402 3 0 2 4
Microcontrollers

3 EC- PC403 Digital Logic Design 4 0 0 4

4 Fundamentals Of
EC-PE403 3 0 2 4
Communication Engineering

5 EC-PR401 Minor Project 0 0 4 2

6 Face The World Skills-IV

FW-DP064 1 0 0 1
(Entrepreneurship)

7 HS-024 English Communication-IV 1 0 0 1

8 HS-403 Human Values 1 0 0 1

Total 16 0 10 21

4
 Internship II

Sl No. Course Code Course Name Total

Credits
1 EC-PR404 Optional Internship/Summer Project -

Note: The detailed syllabi for courses that are common across programs, for example, English,
Face the World, etc., are presented separate

Elective Courses (For Communication Engineering)

Elective-1:
1. Microwave Engineering
2. Optical Communication
3. Mobile Communication
4. VLSI Design

Elective-2:
1. Internet of Things
2. OOPs (C++)
3. Programming in (JAVA)
4. Microcomputers and applications

Elective Courses (For Medical Electronics)

Elective-1:
1. Microcomputer & applications
2. Electronic Communication system.
3. PLC, SCADA & Digital Control
4. Computer Networking

Elective Courses (For Instrumentation & Control)

Elective-1:
1. Microcomputer & applications
2. Medical Imaging Instruments

Elective Courses (For Digital Electronics)

Elective 1:
1. Communication System
2. Maintenance and troubleshooting of equipment.
3. Microprocessor-Based System Design

Elective 2:
1. Mobile Communication
2. Microcomputer & Applications
3. Medical Lab Equipment
Medical Imaging Instruments

5
SEMESTER - IV

5
 EC-PC401 - C | Analog Electronics - III

Teaching Scheme

Lecture Hours Per Tutorial hours Practical Hours per

Credit
Week per week week

3 0 2 4

Prerequisite

DC, small signal AC analysis, and Kirchhoff’s current and voltage laws, and full understanding of
transistor operation and small-signal modeling.

Objectives

1. Understand the basics of construction, working and applications of various types of

electronic components such as Thyristors and UJT, transient phenomena.

2. Maintain Clipper, Clamper, multivibrator, time-base circuits; regulated power supply, VCO
and PLL circuits and in turn maintain equipment having such circuits.

Learning Outcomes

1. Understand transient phenomena R-C, R-L. and understand working of clipper and
clamper

2. Explain the working of SCR, UJT and their applications.

3. Explain different types of timer ICs.

4. Understand the fabrication process of integrated circuits.

5. Design circuits like Regulated power supply, UPS, CVT, VCO, PLL, Time Base circuit.

Syllabus
1. Wave Shaping Circuits (4 Hrs)

General idea about different wave shapes; Transient phenomena in R-C and R-L circuits;
R-C and R-L differentiating and integrating circuits; Clipping circuits; Diode clippers- series
and shunt biased type; Double clipper circuits; Zener diode clipper circuits; Use of
transistors for clipping and clamping circuits; Diode clamping circuit for clamping to
negative peak, positive peak or any other level for different input waveforms.

2. Thyristors and UJT (5 Hrs)

7
 Characteristics, working principle and application of SCR, TRIAC, DIAC, SCS, SBS and
LASCR; Basic structure, principle of operation and VI characteristics of UJT; Working of
UJT as relaxation oscillator and its use in triggering of SCR

3. Integrated Electronics (4 Hrs)

Introduction, advantages and disadvantages of ICs; Classification of ICs based on Size and
fabrication methods; Fabrication of transistors by planar process, a typical Fabrication
process for monolithic integrated circuits.

4. Timer IC (4 Hrs)

Purpose of Timer IC, Block diagram of 555 Timer IC and its working, 555 Timer as monostable,
astable and bistable multivibrators; FSK generator and Pulse position Modulation; OpAmp based
monostable and astable multivibrators; Schmitt Trigger circuit.

5. Time-Base Circuits (4 Hrs)

Need of time-base or sweep waveforms; special features of time base signals; Voltage time base
circuits; Current time base circuits; Bootstrap time base generator; Miller time base generator;
UJT sweep generator.

6. Regulated Power Supply (5 Hrs)

Concept of regulation; Performance parameters of regulated power supplies; Series and Shunt
regulators using transistors and OPAmp; Three terminal voltage regulator ICs 78XX
family(positive, negative and variable applications; Concept Of foldback limiting, short circuit and
overload protection, current boosting in 78XX series, Basic working principle of switched mode
power supply (SMPS); Floating and grounded power supplies; Multiple output power supply;
Brief idea of CVT, UPS and dual track in in power supply.

7. Voltage controlled Oscillator (VCO) (4 Hrs)

Function of VCO, IC NE555 based VCO, NE 566 based VCO, Applications of VCO, NE566 as
ramp generator and FM generator.

8. Phase locked Loop PLL (3 Hrs)

Basic PLL operation, lock range, capture range, IC NE 565- block diagram and working, NE 565
as frequency multiplier and FM detector.

Practical/Laboratory Content

8
 1. Plot the output waveforms of R-C differentiating circuits for square wave input for
various time constants.

2. Plot the output waveforms of R-C integrating circuits for square wave input for various
time constants.

3. Construct biased and unbiased series and shunt clipping circuits for positive and
negative peak clipping of a sine wave using switching

4. Construct a double clipper circuit using switching diodes and sources and observe the
wave shapes.

5. Construct Zener Diode and transistor clipper circuits for positive peak, negative peak
and double clipping of sine wave.

6. Construct a circuit to clamp sine and square waves to their positive and negative
peaks and to a specified level.

7. Plot characteristics of OpAmp Schmitt trigger circuit and plot the input to output wave
shapes with a sine wave input.

8. Construct monostable and a stable multi-vibrator using OpAmp and verify output.

9. Construct monostable and stable multi vibrator circuits using 555 timer and verify
output.

10. Plot the VI characteristics of SCR for different gate currents.

11. Construct UJT relaxation oscillator circuit and verify output.

12. Plot the VI characteristics of a TRIAC indifferent modes.

Reference Books

1. Bhargava, N. N., Kulshreshtha, D. C., & Gupta, S. C. (2013.). Basic Electronics & Linear Circuits.
Tata Mcgraw-Hill (2nd ed.)

2. Malvino, A. P., (2017), Electronic Principles. Tata Mcgraw-Hill (7th ed.)

3. Millman, J., Halkias, C. & Parikh, C. D., (2017), Integrated Electronics. McGraw Hill Publications,
(2nd ed.)

4. Boylestad, R. L., Nashelsky, L., (2012). Electronic Devices & Circuit Theory. PHI, (10th ed.)

Online Resources:

1. [Link]

2. [Link]

3. [Link]

4. [Link]

9
 EC-PC402 - C | Microprocessors and Microcontrollers

Teaching Scheme

Lecture Hours Per Tutorial hours Practical Hours per

Credit
Week per week week

3 0 2 4

Prerequisite

Basic Knowledge of Digital Electronics, Basics of Computers

Objectives

1. Understand the architecture of microprocessors and microcontroller

2. Understand the programming model of microprocessors and microcontrollers

3. Interface different external peripheral devices with microprocessors and microcontrollers

4. Analyze a problem and formulate appropriate computing solutions for processor or controller
based application.

5. Develop an assembly language program for specified application

Learning Outcomes

1. Demonstrate the types of power generation

2. Maintain the optimized working of the power plants

3. Apply safe practices in power plants

4. Explain various transmission and distribution systems.

5. Analyze and apply power factor improvement

6. Select the adequate mix of power generation based on economic operation

Syllabus

1. 8085 Microprocessor architecture: (6 Hrs)

Organization of a microcomputer system and functions of its various blocks. Stored

program concept. Harvard and Von Newman architecture .Microprocessors and
Microcontrollers and their applications 8085 architecture- functional diagram and
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 description, Register organization, memory organization, IO organization.

2. Instruction set and assembly language programming of 8085: (6 Hrs)

Instruction formats. Types of instructions, Instruction set. Addressing modes, Simple

programs involving various types of instructions, basic timing diagrams

3. Data Transfer methods: (7 Hrs)

Synchronous, Asynchronous and Interrupt driven data transfer. Interrupts of 8085 and
their types. Servicing Interrupts, extending interrupts. Serial data transfer. Instructions
related to Interrupts and serial transfer. Need for DMA. Implementing DMA in 8085
processor based systems.

4. 8051 microcontrollers architecture: (7 Hrs)

8051 family of microcontrollers and its architecture, SFR, I/O ports and their functions,
Memory organization, Interfacing external memory, addressing modes, instruction set of
8051, Simple assembly language programs.

5. 8051 Real Time Control: (7 Hrs)

8051 timer/counter and its various modes of operation. Serial data transfer and its
modes. Interrupt handling.

6. Interfacing External Devices: (7 Hrs)

8255 PPI, various modes of operation., Interfacing Seven Segment Display, key board,
ADC and DAC with 8085 through PPI. Interfacing 8255 with 8051 microcontrollers.
Interfacing 8051 directly with 4x4 matrix keyboard, LEDs, ADC and DAC. Control speed
of DC motor using PWM technique. Stepper motor interfacing.

Practicals:

8085 based practicals:

1. Write program to add / subtract two 8 bit numbers (Assume data is in memory)
2. Write program to add / subtract two 16 bit numbers and store result
3. Write program to multiply two 8 bit numbers and store 16 bit result
4. Write program to divide two 8 bit numbers and store quotient and remainder
5. Write a program to display a decimal value in a seven segment display.
6. Write a program to read ADC and store digital value in memory

8051 based practicals:

1. Write 8051 program to add/ subtract two 8 bit numbers
2. Write a program to read keyboard and display the key in seven segment display
3. Write a program to read ADC output and display digital value in LEDs
4. Write a program to generate square wave using DAC
5. Write a program to vary speed of a DC motor using PWM
6. Write a program to rotate stepper motor clockwise and counter clockwise

11
 Required Readings

● Gaonkar, R. (2013). Microprocessor Architecture, Programming, and Applications with the 8085.
Prentice Hall, (6th ed.)

● Deshmukh, A., (2005), The 8051 microcontroller: Theory and applications, McGraw-Hill Education
(India) Pvt Limited (

● Kumar, K. U., & Umashankar, B. S., (2008). The 8085 Microprocessor: Architecture, Programming
and Interfacing. Pearson. (1st ed.)

● Mazidi, M. (2007), The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems: Using Assembly and C,
Pearson, (2nd ed.).

Online Resources:

1. [Link]

2. [Link]

3. [Link]

4. [Link]

5. [Link]
nent-characteristics-component/

12
 EC-PC403-C | Digital Logic Design

Teaching Scheme

Lecture Hours Per Tutorial hours Practical Hours per

Credit
Week per week week

4 0 0 4

Prerequisite

Knowledge of Analog and Digital Electronics

Objectives
1. To teach various number systems, binary codes and their applications.

2. To familiarize the students with the importance of error detection and error correction codes.

3. To inculcate concepts of K-MAP to simplify a Boolean expression

4. To facilitate students in designing a logic circuit

Learning Outcomes
1. Use number systems and complements

2. Identify the importance of canonical forms in the minimization or other optimization of

Boolean formulas in general and digital circuits.

3. Minimize functions using any type of minimizing algorithms (Boolean algebra, Karnaugh
map or Tabulation method).

4. Analyze the design procedures of Combinational and Sequential circuits.

5. Design the finite state machine using algorithmic state machine charts and perform simple
projects with a few flip-flops.

Syllabus

1. DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND BINARY NUMBERS (10 Hrs)

Digital systems, binary numbers, number base conversions, octal and hexadecimal
numbers, complements, signed binary numbers, binary codes, error detection and error
correction codes. BOOLEAN ALGEBRA AND LOGIC GATES: Basic definitions,
axiomatic definition of Boolean algebra, basic theorems and properties of Boolean
algebra, Boolean functions, canonical and standard forms, other logic operations,
digital logic.

13
 2. GATE LEVEL MINIMIZATION (10 Hrs)

The k-map method, four-variable map, five-variable map, product of sums

simplification, don’t-care conditions, NAND and NOR implementation, determination
and selection of Prime Implicants, Essential and Non essential prime Implicants.

3. COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS: (11 Hrs)

Design procedure, Binary Adder, Binary Subtractor, Binary Multiplier, Magnitude

Comparator, Decoders, Encoders, Multiplexers, and Demultiplexers.

4. SYNCHRONOUS SEQUENTIAL LOGIC (11 Hrs)

Sequential circuits, latches, flip-flops, analysis of clocked sequential circuits, State
reduction and assignment, design procedure. REGISTERS AND COUNTERS:
Registers, shift registers, ripple counters, synchronous counters, counters with unused
states, ring counter, Johnson counter.

5. MEMORY AND PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC (11 Hrs)

Introduction, Random access memory, memory decoding, error detection and

correction, read only memory, programmable logic array, programmable array logic,
sequential programmable devices.

Required Readings

1. M. Morris Mano, Michael D. Ciletti (2008), Digital Design, 4th edition, Pearson Education Inc,
India.

Recommended Readings

1. Zvi. Kohavi (2004), Switching and Finite Automata Theory, Tata McGraw Hill, India.

2. C. V. S. Rao (2009), Switching and Logic Design, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education, India.

3. Donald D. Givone (2002), Digital Principles and Design, Tata McGraw Hill, India

Roth (2004), Fundamentals of Logic Design, 5th Edition, Thomson, India

14
 EC-PE403-C | Fundamentals of Communication
Engineering

Teaching Scheme

Lecture Hours Per Tutorial hours Practical Hours per

Credit
Week per week week

3 0 2 4

Prerequisite

Digital Electronics

Objectives

1. Maintain electronic communication equipment and circuits related to this area.

2. Develop in-depth understanding of all concepts and principles so that they may learn
advanced courses.

Learning Outcomes
1. Explain the concept and need of modulation

2. Derive the mathematical expressions for Amplitude Modulated wave and Frequency modulated
wave.

3. Explain the working of different types of AM & FM Modulators.

4. Explain the working of different types of AM & FM Demodulators.

5. Analyze various pulse analog and pulse digital modulation techniques

6. Analyze PCM technique and delta modulation technique

7. Explain the block diagram of digital communication system

Syllabus
1. Amplitude Modulation (6 Hrs)

Introduction to modulation, Need for modulation, Definition of Amplitude Modulation,

Derivation for mathematical expression of amplitude modulated wave showing Carrier and
sideband components. Significance of Modulation index, spectrum and bandwidth of AM
wave, relative power distribution in carrier and sidebands.

Elementary idea of DSB-FC, DSB-SC, SSB-SC, ISB and VSB modulations, their
comparison and areas of applications.
15
8. Angle Modulation (7 Hrs)

Definition of Frequency Modulation, Derivation of mathematical expression for Frequency

Modulated wave and its frequency spectrum (without proof and analysis of Bessel
function), Modulation index, Maximum frequency deviation and deviation ratio, BW of FM
Signals, Advantages and Disadvantages of FM over AM in communication system,
Definition of Phase Modulation, Mathematical Expression for phase modulated wave,
modulation index, comparison with frequency modulation.

9. Working principles of the following AM Modulators (5 Hrs)

Collector Modulator

Balanced Modulator.

10. Working principles of the following FM Modulators (5 Hrs)

Reactance transistor modulator and

Armstrong phase modulator

11. Working principles of the following AM Demodulators (5 Hrs)

Diode detector circuit and

Synchronous detector circuit

12. Working Principles of the following FM demodulators (5 Hrs)

Slope detector

Foster-Seeley Discriminator and

Ratio Detector

13. Pulse Analog and Pulse Digital Modulation (5 Hrs)

Statement of sampling theorem and elementary idea of sampling frequency for pulse
modulation,

Basic concepts of Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) and Frequency Division Multiplexing
(FDM)

Basic idea about pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), pulse width modulation (PWM), pulse
position modulation (PPM) and their typical applications

Pulse code modulation (PCM): Basic scheme of PCM system, Quantization, quantization
error, advantages of PCM systems, Basic idea about differential PCM (DPCM) system

Delta modulation: Basic principle of delta modulation system, advantages of delta

modulation over PCM system.

Elements of Digital communication system with its block diagram: source, channel,
transmitter and receiver. Advantages and disadvantages of Digital communication over
analog communication.

16
 Practical/Laboratory Content

1. To obtain an AM wave on CRO by a standard RF signal generator using (i) internal

modulation and (ii) External modulation. Also to measure the modulation index of the
obtained AM wave.

2. To obtain an AM wave on CRO from (i) Collector modulator circuit and (ii) Balanced
modulator circuit. Also to measure index of modulation of the AM signal for different
levels of modulating signal.

3. To obtain a FM wave from (i) reactance transistor modulator circuit and (ii) Armstrong FM
modulator circuit. Also, to measure the frequency deviation for different modulating
signals.

4. To obtain modulating signal from an AM diode detector circuit and observe the pattern for
different RC time constants and obtain its optimum value for least distortion.

7. To obtain modulating signal from a FM detector (Foster Seely/Ratio detector) circuit and
plot the discriminator characteristics.

8. To observe the sampled signal and compare it with the analog input signal. Note the
effect of varying the sampling pulse width and frequency on the sampled output.

9. To verify the sampling theorem.

10. Observe waveforms at input and output of a TDM and FDM circuit

11. To observe and note the pulse modulated signals (PAM, PPM, PWM) and compare them
with the corresponding analog input signal.

12. To measure the quantization noise in a 3 bit/4 bit coded PCM signal.

13. To feed an analog signal to a PCM modulator and compare demodulated signal with the
analog input.

14. To study the process of delta modulation/demodulation.

Required Readings

1. Taub, H., & Schilling, D. L. (2017). Principles of Communication Systems. Tata McGraw Hill,
(4th ed.)

2. Anand, R. (n.d.). Communication Systems. Khanna Publishing House, Delhi.

3. Singh, A., & Chhabra, A. K. (1999), Principles of Communication Engineering. [Link] &
Company.

Reference Books

17
1. Lathi, B. P. (2011), Modern Digital and Analog communication Systems, Oxford University
Press, (3rd ed.).

2. Haykin, S. (2006). Communication Systems, Wiley India, (4th ed.).

3. HSU, H. P., & Mitra, D. (2016). Analog and Digital Communications, Tata McGraw-Hill, (3rd
ed.)

18
 EC-PR401-C | Minor Project

Teaching Scheme

Lecture Hours Per Tutorial hours Practical Hours per

Credit
Week per week week

0 0 4 2

Pre-requisites

Application Areas of Various electronic engineering subjects

Objectives

1. Make small scale projects and develop hands-on experience of working on a project.

2. Provide exposure to basic practices followed in the domain of electronics engineering.

3. Develop confidence amongst the students to enable them to use and apply acquired
technical knowledge and skills to solve practical problems of electronics engineering.

List of Projects:
1. Regulated Power Supply

2. Astable multivibrator using 555 Timer IC/Transistor/Op-amp IC 741

3. Integrator and Differentiator using Op-amp IC 741

4. RC Coupled Two Stage Amplifier

5. Touch plate switches by using 555 Timer IC/Transistor

6. Door bell/cordless bell using 555 Timer IC/Transistor

7. Clapping switch and IR switch using

8. Blinking parking light using 555 Timer IC circuit

9. Sirens and hooters using 555 Timer IC circuit

10. Security alarm using 555 Timer IC circuit

11. Blinking parking light using 555 Timer IC circuit

12. Disco light using 555 Timer IC circuit

13. Lamp dimmer circuit using SCR circuit

14. Cell charger, battery charger, mobile charger using transistor or 555 Timer IC

15. Fire/Smoke/Intruder alarm using 555 Timer IC.

19
 EC- PC401- M | Analog Electronics - III

Teaching Scheme

Lecture Hours Per Tutorial hours Practical Hours per

Credit
Week per week week

3 0 2 4

Pre-requisites

Application and knowledge of Analog electronics I & II

Objectives

1. Understand the basics of construction, working and applications of various types of electronic
components such as Thyristors and UJT, transient phenomena of R-C,R-L circuits, such as
Clipper, Clamper, multivibrator, time-base circuits; regulated power supply, VCO and PLL.

2. Maintain electronic circuits and in turn maintain equipment having such circuits.

Learning Outcomes

1. Understand transient phenomena R-C, R-L. and understand working of clipper and clamper

2. Explain the working of SCR, UJT and their applications.

3. Explain different types of timer ICs.

4. Understand the fabrication process of integrated circuit.

5. Design circuits like Regulated power supply, UPS, CVT, VCO, PLL, Time Base circuit.

Syllabus
1. Wave Shaping Circuits (4 Hrs)

General idea about different wave shapes; Transient phenomena in R-C and R-L circuits;
R-C and R-L differentiating and integrating circuits; Clipping circuits; Diode clippers- series
and shunt biased type; Double clipper circuits; Zener diode clipper circuits; Use of
transistors for clipping and clamping circuits; Diode clamping circuit for clamping to
negative peak, positive peak or any other level for different input waveforms.

2. Thyristors and UJT (5 Hrs)

Characteristics, working principle and application of SCR, TRIAC, DIAC, SCS, SBS and
LASCR; Basic structure, principle of operation and VI characteristics of UJT; Working of
UJT as relaxation oscillator and its use in triggering of SCR

20
3. Integrated Electronics (4 Hrs)

Introduction, advantages and disadvantages of ICs; Classification of ICs based on Size and
fabrication methods; Fabrication of transistors by planar process, a typical Fabrication
process for monolithic integrated circuits.

4. Timer IC (4 Hrs)

Purpose of Timer IC, Block diagram of 555 Timer IC and its working, 555 Timer as monostable,
astable and bistable multivibrators; FSK generator and Pulse position Modulation; OpAmp based
monostable and astable multivibrators; Schmitt Trigger circuit.

5. Time-Base Circuits (4 Hrs)

Need of time-base or sweep waveforms; special features of time base signals; Voltage time base
circuits; Current time base circuits; Bootstrap time base generator; Miller time base generator;
UJT sweep generator.

6. Regulated Power Supply (5 Hrs)

Concept of regulation; Performance parameters of regulated power supplies; Series and Shunt
regulators using transistors and OPAmp; Three terminal voltage regulator ICs 78XX
family(positive, negative and variable applications; Concept Of foldback limiting, short circuit and
overload protection, current boosting in 78XX series, Basic working principle of switched mode
power supply (SMPS); Floating and grounded power supplies; Multiple output power supply;
Brief idea of CVT, UPS and dual track in in power supply.

7. Voltage controlled Oscillator (VCO) (4 Hrs)

Function of VCO, IC NE555 based VCO, NE 566 based VCO, Applications of VCO, NE566 as
ramp generator and FM generator.

8. Phase locked Loop PLL (3 Hrs)

Basic PLL operation, lock range, capture range, IC NE 565- block diagram and working, NE 565
as frequency multiplier and FM detector.

Lists of Practicals:
1. Plot the output waveforms of R-C differentiating circuits for square wave input for various time
constants.

2. Plot the output waveforms of R-C integrating circuits for square wave input for various time constants.

3. Construct biased and unbiased series and shunt clipping circuits for positive and negative peak clipping
of a sine wave using switching.

4. Construct a double clipper circuit using switching diodes and sources and observe the wave shapes.

5. Construct Zener diode and transistor clipper circuits for positive peak, negative peak and double
clipping of sine wave.

6. Construct a circuit to clamp sine and square waves to their positive and negative peaks and to a
21
 specified level.

7. Plot characteristics of OpAmp Schmitt trigger circuit and plot the input to output wave shapes with a
sine wave input.

8. Construct monostable and a stable multi vibrator using OpAmp and verify output.

9. Construct monostable and stable multi vibrator circuits using 555 timer and verify output.

10. Plot the VI characteristics of SCR for different gate currents.

11. Construct UJT relaxation oscillator circuit and verify output.

12. Plot the VI characteristics of a TRIAC indifferent modes.

Reference Books

1. Bhargava, N. N., Kulshreshtha, D. C., & Gupta, S. C. (2013.). Basic Electronics & Linear
Circuits. Tata Mcgraw-Hill (2nd ed.)

2. Malvino, A. P., (2017), Electronic Principles. Tata Mcgraw-Hill (7th ed.)

3. Millman, J., Halkias, C. & Parikh, C. D., (2017), Integrated Electronics. McGraw Hill
Publications, (2nd ed.)

4. Boylestad, R. L., Nashelsky, L., (2012). Electronic Devices & Circuit Theory. PHI, (10th
ed.)

Recommended Reading

1. [Link]

2. [Link]

3. [Link]

4. [Link]

22
 EC-PC402-M | Microprocessors and Microcontrollers
Teaching Scheme

Lecture Hours Per Tutorial hours Practical Hours per

Credit
Week per week week

3 0 2 4

Prerequisite

Basic Knowledge of Digital Electronics, Basics of Computers

Objectives
● Understand the architecture of microprocessors and microcontroller

● Understand the programming model of microprocessors and microcontrollers

● Interface different external peripheral devices with microprocessors and microcontrollers

● Analyze a problem and formulate appropriate computing solutions for processor or controller based
application.

● Develop an assembly language program for specified application

Learning Outcomes
1. Demonstrate the types of power generation

2. Maintain the optimized working of the power plants

3. Apply safe practices in power plants

4. Explain various transmission and distribution systems.

5. Analyze and apply power factor improvement

6. Select the adequate mix of power generation based on economic operation

Syllabus

1. 8085 Microprocessor architecture: (6 Hrs)

Organization of a microcomputer system and functions of its various blocks. Stored

program concept. Harvard and Von Newman architecture .Microprocessors and
Microcontrollers and their applications 8085 architecture- functional diagram and
description, Register organization, memory organization, IO organization.

2. Instruction set and assembly language programming of 8085: (6 Hrs)

23
 Instruction formats. Types of instructions, Instruction set. Addressing modes, Simple
programs involving various types of instructions, basic timing diagrams

3. Data Transfer methods: (7 Hrs)

Synchronous, Asynchronous and Interrupt driven data transfer. Interrupts of 8085 and
their types. Servicing Interrupts, extending interrupts. Serial data transfer. Instructions
related to Interrupts and serial transfer. Need for DMA. Implementing DMA in 8085
processor based systems.

4. 8051 microcontrollers architecture: (7 Hrs)

8051 family of microcontrollers and its architecture, SFR, I/O ports and their functions,
Memory organization, Interfacing external memory, addressing modes, instruction set of
8051, Simple assembly language programs.

5. 8051 Real Time Control: (7 Hrs)

8051 timer/counter and its various modes of operation. Serial data transfer and its
modes. Interrupt handling.

6. Interfacing External Devices: (7 Hrs)

8255 PPI, various modes of operation., Interfacing Seven Segment Display, key board,
ADC and DAC with 8085 through PPI. Interfacing 8255 with 8051 microcontrollers.
Interfacing 8051 directly with 4x4 matrix keyboard, LEDs, ADC and DAC. Control speed
of DC motor using PWM technique. Stepper motor interfacing.

Practicals:

8085 based practicals:

● Write program to add / subtract two 8 bit numbers (Assume data is in memory)

● Write program to add / subtract two 16 bit numbers and store result

● Write program to multiply two 8 bit numbers and store 16 bit result

● Write program to divide two 8 bit numbers and store quotient and remainder

● Write a program to display a decimal value in a seven segment display.

● Write a program to read ADC and store digital value in memory

8051 based practicals:

● Write 8051 program to add/ subtract two 8 bit numbers

● Write a program to read keyboard and display the key in seven segment display

● Write a program to read ADC output and display digital value in LEDs

● Write a program to generate square wave using DAC

● Write a program to vary speed of a DC motor using PWM

24
 ● Write a program to rotate stepper motor clockwise and counterclockwise
Reference Books
● Gaonkar, R. (2013). Microprocessor Architecture, Programming, and Applications with the 8085.
Prentice Hall, (6th ed.)

● Deshmukh, A., (2005), The 8051 microcontroller: Theory and applications, McGraw-Hill Education
(India) Pvt Limited

● Kumar, K. U., & Umashankar, B. S., (2008). The 8085 Microprocessor: Architecture, Programming
and Interfacing. Pearson. (1st ed.)

● Mazidi, M. (2007), The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems: Using Assembly and C,
Pearson, (2nd ed.)

Recommended Readings
1. [Link]

2. [Link]

3. [Link]

4. [Link]

5. [Link]
nent-characteristics-component

25
 EC-PC403-M | Digital Logic Design

Teaching Scheme

Lecture Hours Per Tutorial hours Practical Hours per

Credit
Week per week
week

4 0 0 4

Prerequisite

Knowledge of Analog and Digital Electronics

Objectives

1. To teach various number systems, binary codes and their applications.

2. To familiarize the students with the importance of error detection and error correction codes.

3. To inculcate concepts of K-MAP to simplify a Boolean expression

4. To facilitate students in designing a logic circuit

Learning Outcomes

1. Use number systems and complements

2. Identify the importance of canonical forms in the minimization or other optimization of Boolean
formulas in general and digital circuits.

3. Minimize functions using any type of minimizing algorithms (Boolean algebra, Karnaugh map
or Tabulation method).

4. Analyze the design procedures of Combinational and Sequential circuits.

5. Design the finite state machine using algorithmic state machine charts and perform simple
projects with a few flip-flops.

Syllabus

1. DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND BINARY NUMBERS (10 Hrs)

Digital systems, binary numbers, number base conversions, octal and hexadecimal
numbers, complements, signed binary numbers, binary codes, error detection and error
correction codes. BOOLEAN ALGEBRA AND LOGIC GATES: Basic definitions,
26
 axiomatic definition of Boolean algebra, basic theorems and properties of Boolean
algebra, Boolean functions, canonical and standard forms, other logic operations,
digital logic.

2. GATE LEVEL MINIMIZATION (10 Hrs)

The k-map method, four-variable map, five-variable map, product of sums

simplification, don’t-care conditions, NAND and NOR implementation, determination
and selection of Prime Implicants, Essential and Non essential prime Implicants.

3. COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS: (11 Hrs)

Design procedure, Binary Adder, Binary Subtractor, Binary Multiplier, Magnitude

Comparator, Decoders, Encoders, Multiplexers, and Demultiplexers.

4. SYNCHRONOUS SEQUENTIAL LOGIC (11 Hrs)

Sequential circuits, latches, flip-flops, analysis of clocked sequential circuits, State
reduction and assignment, design procedure. REGISTERS AND COUNTERS:
Registers, shift registers, ripple counters, synchronous counters, counters with unused
states, ring counter, Johnson counter.

5. MEMORY AND PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC (11 Hrs)

Introduction, Random access memory, memory decoding, error detection and correction,
read only memory, programmable logic array, programmable array logic, sequential
programmable devices.

Required Readings
● M. Morris Mano, Michael D. Ciletti (2008), Digital Design, 4th edition, Pearson Education
Inc, India.

Recommended Readings
1. Zvi. Kohavi (2004), Switching and Finite Automata Theory, Tata McGraw Hill, India.

2. C. V. S. Rao (2009), Switching and Logic Design, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education, India.

3. Donald D. Givone (2002), Digital Principles and Design, Tata McGraw Hill, India

4. Roth (2004), Fundamentals of Logic Design, 5th Edition, Thomson, India

27
 EC-PE401-M Bio Signal & Systems
Teaching Scheme

Lecture Hours Per Tutorial hours Practical Hours per

Credit
Week per week week

3 0 2 4

Prerequisite

Basic knowledge of signals and systems

Objectives
1. Specialize in Bio-medical electronics.

2. Understand the anatomy and physiology of the human body.

3. Understand biological signals generated in the body, their signal conditioning and recording.

4. Understand machines used in recording of these parameters.

Learning Outcomes
1. Interpret the function of the human body cell and blood system in the body.

2. Identify the Krokoff sound with relation to cardiac activity

3. Summarize different types of electrodes for different purposes.

4. Investigate different bio signals using different medical equipment.

Syllabus

1. Cell and Transducers (7 Hrs)

● Cell: Structure and function of human body cell, Composition of human Blood, Cellular
Contents of Blood & Function of Blood, Arteries & Vein

● Bio electric signals: Origin of bioelectric signals, Generation and propagation of action
potential, Tissue interface, Contact impedance, Half-cell potential, Types of biological
signals generated in body.

● Transducers: Basic Requirements of a Sensor or Transducer, Criteria to Choose a

Sensor, Characteristics of transducers,

● Resistive, Capacitive & inductive transducers, Application as LVDT & Strain Gauge,
Thermocouple, Thermistor, Invasive pressure transducer, Catheter tip transducer
28
 ● Types of electrodes: (i) Non-Invasive Electrodes (ii) Invasive Electrodes (iii) Micro
Electrodes. Types of electrodes use in ECG, EMG & EEG signal acquisition.

2. BIO POTENTIAL AMPLIFIER (8 Hrs)

● Principle of Bio Potential Amplifier. Inverting & Non-inverting amplifier.

● Multiple input circuits.

● Differential Amplifier and Instrumentation amplifier.

● Isolation amplifier and input guarding.

3. ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (ECG) (8 Hrs)

● Anatomy & Physiology of Heart, Circulation of Blood in cardiovascular system

● Cardiac Output, Blood Pressure, Different types of Krokoff sounds

● Electrical activity of the heart, ECG signal wave form,

● ECG Machine: Block diagram and working principle of ECG machine, Lead
configuration and application.

● Treadmill Test System (TMT), Holter Monitoring: Working principle and application.

4. ELECTROMYOGRAM (EMG) (8 Hrs)

● Overview of Muscular Tissue, Skeletal Muscle Tissue, Contraction and Relaxation of

Skeletal Muscle Fibers, Types of Skeletal Muscle Fibers, Control of Muscle Tension

● EMG Machine block diagram & working principle, application.

5. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM (EEG) (8 Hrs)

● Structure of Neuron, Central Nervous System (CNS), Anatomy of Brain and Spinal
Cord

● Different type of signal generated in Brain, Signal transmission in peripheral nervous

system

● EEG Machine: Block diagram, working principle and Lead configuration in EEG
machine. Different EEG waveforms and applications.

Practicals:

1. Study of pathway for blood circulation in the human body using simulation software.

2. Identify different parts of the cardiovascular system using 3D model/ 3D simulation software.

3. Multiple Bio-signal acquisition and study using bio potential recording system.

4. Study input and output of an Instrumentation amplifier.

29
5. Study the different parts of an ECG machine and record ECG signal and troubleshooting.

6. Study the different parts of an EMG machine and record EMG signal and troubleshooting.

7. Study the different parts of an EEG machine and record EEG signal and troubleshooting.

8. Study the construction of different types of electrodes used in medical services.

9. Observe Krokoff sound using stethoscope and record BP using Sphygmomanometer.

Required Readings

● Button, V., (2015), Principles of Measurement and Transduction of Biomedical Variables, Academic
Press, (1st ed.).

● Khandpur, R. S., (2014), HANDBOOK OF BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION, McGraw-Hill

Education India, (3rd ed.)

● Ingawale, D. K., Mandlik, S. K., (2019), Human Anatomy and Physiology Book, Nirali Prakashan (4th
ed.).

Recommended Readings
● [Link]

● [Link]

● [Link]

● [Link]

● [Link]

30
 EC-PR401-M | Minor Project

Teaching Scheme
Lecture Hours Per Tutorial hours Practical Hours
Credit
Week per week per week
0 0 4 2

Pre-requisites

N/A

Objectives

1. Make small scale projects and develop hands-on experience of working on a project.

2. Provide exposure to basic practices followed in the domain of electronics engineering.

3. Develop confidence amongst the students to enable them to use and apply acquired
technical knowledge and skills to solve practical problems of electronics engineering.

List of Projects:

1. Regulated Power Supply

2. Astable multivibrator using 555 Timer IC/Transistor/Op-amp IC 741

3. Integrator and Differentiator using Op-amp IC 741

4. RC Coupled Two Stage Amplifier

5. Touch plate switches by using 555 Timer IC/Transistor

6. Door bell/cordless bell using 555 Timer IC/Transistor

7. Clapping switch and IR switch using

8. Blinking parking light using 555 Timer IC circuit

9. Sirens and hooters using 555 Timer IC circuit

10. Security alarm using 555 Timer IC circuit

11. Blinking parking light using 555 Timer IC circuit

12. Disco light using 555 Timer IC circuit

13. Lamp dimmer circuit using SCR circuit

14. Cell charger, battery charger, mobile charger using transistor or 555 Timer IC

31
 EC-PC401-I | Analog Electronics - III

Teaching Scheme

Lecture Hours Per Tutorial hours Practical Hours per

Credit
Week per week week

3 0 2 4

Prerequisite

Kirchhoff’s current and voltage laws, and full understanding of transistor operation and
small-signal modeling.

Objectives

1. Understand the basics of construction, working and applications of various types of electronic
components such as Thyristors and UJT, transient phenomena.

2. Maintain Clipper, Clamper, multivibrator, time-base circuits; regulated power supply, VCO and
PLL circuits and in turn maintain equipment having such circuits.

Learning Outcomes

1. Understand transient phenomena R-C, R-L. and understand working of clipper and clamper

2. Explain the working of SCR,UJT and their applications.

3. Explain different types of timer ICs.

4. Understand the fabrication process of integrated circuits.

5. Design circuits like Regulated power supply, UPS, CVT,VCO, PLL, Time Base circuit.

Syllabus

1. Wave Shaping Circuits (4 Hrs)

General idea about different wave shapes; Transient phenomena in R-C and R-L circuits;
R-C and R-L differentiating and integrating circuits; Clipping circuits; Diode clippers- series
and shunt biased type; Double clipper circuits; Zener diode clipper circuits; Use of
transistors for clipping and clamping circuits; Diode clamping circuit for clamping to
negative peak, positive peak or any other level for different input waveforms.

2. Thyristors and UJT (5 Hrs)

Characteristics, working principle and application of SCR, TRIAC, DIAC, SCS, SBS and
32
 LASCR; Basic structure, principle of operation and VI characteristics of UJT; Working of
UJT as relaxation oscillator and its use in triggering of SCR

3. Integrated Electronics (4 Hrs)

Introduction, advantages and disadvantages of ICs; Classification of ICs based on Size and
fabrication methods; Fabrication of transistors by planar process, a typical Fabrication
process for monolithic integrated circuits.

4. Timer IC (4 Hrs)

Purpose of Timer IC, Block diagram of 555 Timer IC and its working, 555 Timer as monostable,
astable and bistable multivibrators; FSK generator and Pulse position Modulation; OpAmp based
monostable and astable multivibrators; Schmitt Trigger circuit.

5. Time-Base Circuits (4 Hrs)

Need of time-base or sweep waveforms; special features of time base signals; Voltage time base
circuits; Current time base circuits; Bootstrap time base generator; Miller time base generator;
UJT sweep generator.

6. Regulated Power Supply (5 Hrs)

Concept of regulation; Performance parameters of regulated power supplies; Series and Shunt
regulators using transistors and OPAmp; Three terminal voltage regulator ICs 78XX
family(positive, negative and variable applications; Concept Of foldback limiting, short circuit and
overload protection, current boosting in 78XX series, Basic working principle of switched mode
power supply (SMPS); Floating and grounded power supplies; Multiple output power supply;
Brief idea of CVT, UPS and dual track in in power supply.

7. Voltage controlled Oscillator (VCO) (4 Hrs)

Function of VCO, IC NE555 based VCO, NE 566 based VCO, Applications of VCO, NE566 as
ramp generator and FM generator.

8. Phase locked Loop PLL (3 Hrs)

Basic PLL operation, lock range, capture range, IC NE 565- block diagram and working, NE 565
as frequency multiplier and FM detector.

Practical/Laboratory Content

1. Plot the output waveforms of R-C differentiating circuits for square wave input for various
time constants.

2. Plot the output waveforms of R-C integrating circuits for square wave input for various
time constants.

3. Construct biased and unbiased series and shunt clipping circuits for positive and negative
peak clipping of a sine wave using switching

4. Construct a double clipper circuit using switching diodes and sources and observe the

33
 wave shapes.

5. Construct Zener Diode and transistor clipper circuits for positive peak, negative peak and
double clipping of sine wave.

6. Construct a circuit to clamp sine and square waves to their positive and negative peaks
and to a specified level.

7. Plot characteristics of OpAmp Schmitt trigger circuit and plot the input to output wave
shapes with a sine wave input.

8. Construct monostable and a stable multi-vibrator using OpAmp and verify output.

9. Construct monostable and stable multi vibrator circuits using 555 timer and verify output.

10. Plot the VI characteristics of SCR for different gate currents.

11. Construct UJT relaxation oscillator circuit and verify output.

12. Plot the VI characteristics of a TRIAC indifferent modes.

Required Readings

1. Bhargava, N. N., Kulshreshtha, D. C., & Gupta, S. C. (2013.). Basic Electronics & Linear
Circuits. Tata Mcgraw-Hill (2nd ed.)

2. Malvino, A. P., (2017), Electronic Principles. Tata Mcgraw-Hill (7th ed.)

3. Millman, J., Halkias, C. & Parikh, C. D., (2017), Integrated Electronics. McGraw Hill
Publications, (2nd ed.)

4. Boylestad, R. L., Nashelsky, L., (2012). Electronic Devices & Circuit Theory. PHI, (10th
ed.)

Recommended Readings
1. [Link]

2. [Link]

3. [Link]

4. [Link]

34
 EC-PC402-I | Microprocessors and Microcontrollers

Teaching Scheme

Lecture Hours Per Tutorial hours Practical Hours per

Credit
Week per week week

3 0 2 4

Prerequisite

N/A

Objectives

1. Understand the architecture of microprocessors and microcontroller

2. Understand the programming model of microprocessors and microcontrollers

3. Interface different external peripheral devices with microprocessors and microcontrollers

4. Analyze a problem and formulate appropriate computing solutions for processor or controller based
application.

5. Develop an assembly language program for specified application

Learning Outcomes
1. Demonstrate the types of power generation

2. Maintain the optimized working of the power plants

3. Apply safe practices in power plants

4. Explain various transmission and distribution systems.

5. Analyze and apply power factor improvement

6. Select the adequate mix of power generation based on economic operation

Syllabus

1. 8085 Microprocessor architecture: (6 Hrs)

Organization of a microcomputer system and functions of its various blocks. Stored

program concept. Harvard and Von Newman architecture .Microprocessors and
Microcontrollers and their applications 8085 architecture- functional diagram and
description, Register organization, memory organization, IO organization.

35
2. Instruction set and assembly language programming of 8085: (6 Hrs)

Instruction formats. Types of instructions, Instruction set. Addressing modes, Simple

programs involving various types of instructions, basic timing diagrams

3. Data Transfer methods: (7 Hrs)

Synchronous, Asynchronous and Interrupt driven data transfer. Interrupts of 8085 and
their types. Servicing Interrupts, extending interrupts. Serial data transfer. Instructions
related to Interrupts and serial transfer. Need for DMA. Implementing DMA in 8085
processor based systems.

4. 8051 microcontrollers architecture: (7 Hrs)

8051 family of microcontrollers and its architecture, SFR, I/O ports and their functions,
Memory organization, Interfacing external memory, addressing modes, instruction set of
8051, Simple assembly language programs.

5. 8051 Real Time Control: (7 Hrs)

8051 timer/counter and its various modes of operation. Serial data transfer and its
modes. Interrupt handling.

6. Interfacing External Devices: (7 Hrs)

8255 PPI, various modes of operation., Interfacing Seven Segment Display, key board,
ADC and DAC with 8085 through PPI. Interfacing 8255 with 8051 microcontrollers.
Interfacing 8051 directly with 4x4 matrix keyboard, LEDs, ADC and DAC. Control speed
of DC motor using PWM technique. Stepper motor interfacing.

Practicals:

8085 based practicals:

1. Write program to add / subtract two 8 bit numbers (Assume data is in memory)

2. Write program to add / subtract two 16 bit numbers and store result

3. Write program to multiply two 8 bit numbers and store 16 bit result

4. Write program to divide two 8 bit numbers and store quotient and remainder

5. Write a program to display a decimal value in a seven segment display.

6. Write a program to read ADC and store digital value in memory

8051 based practicals:

1. Write 8051 program to add/ subtract two 8 bit numbers

2. Write a program to read keyboard and display the key in seven segment display

36
 3. Write a program to read ADC output and display digital value in LEDs

4. Write a program to generate square wave using DAC

5. Write a program to vary speed of a DC motor using PWM

6. Write a program to rotate stepper motor clockwise and counterclockwise

Reference Books

1. Gaonkar, R. (2013). Microprocessor Architecture, Programming, and Applications with the 8085.
Prentice Hall, (6th ed.)
2. Deshmukh, A., (2005), The 8051 microcontroller: Theory and applications, McGraw-Hill Education
(India) Pvt Limited (
3. Kumar, K. U., & Umashankar, B. S., (2008). The 8085 Microprocessor: Architecture, Programming
and Interfacing. Pearson. (1st ed.)
4. Mazidi, M. (2007), The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems: Using Assembly and C,
Pearson, (2nd ed.).

Recommended Readings

1. [Link]
2. [Link]
3. [Link]
4. [Link]
5. [Link]
mponent-characteristics-component

37
 EC-PC403-I | Digital Logic Design

Teaching Scheme

Lecture Hours Per Tutorial hours Practical Hours per

Credit
Week per week week

4 0 0 4

Prerequisite

Knowledge of Analog and Digital Electronics

Objectives

1. To teach various number systems, binary codes and their applications.

2. To familiarize the students with the importance of error detection and error correction codes.

3. To inculcate concepts of K-MAP to simplify a Boolean expression

4. To facilitate students in designing a logic circuit

Learning Outcomes
1. Use number systems and complements

2. Identify the importance of canonical forms in the minimization or other optimization of Boolean
formulas in general and digital circuits.

3. Minimize functions using any type of minimizing algorithms (Boolean algebra, Karnaugh map
or Tabulation method).

4. Analyze the design procedures of Combinational and Sequential circuits.

5. Design the finite state machine using algorithmic state machine charts and perform simple
projects with a few flip-flops.

Syllabus

1. DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND BINARY NUMBERS (10 Hrs)

Digital systems, binary numbers, number base conversions, octal and hexadecimal
numbers, complements, signed binary numbers, binary codes, error detection and
error correction codes. BOOLEAN ALGEBRA AND LOGIC GATES: Basic definitions,
axiomatic definition of Boolean algebra, basic theorems and properties of Boolean
38
 algebra, Boolean functions, canonical and standard forms, other logic operations,
digital logic.

2. GATE LEVEL MINIMIZATION (10 Hrs)

The k-map method, four-variable map, five-variable map, product of sums

simplification, don’t-care conditions, NAND and NOR implementation, determination
and selection of Prime Implicants, Essential and Non essential prime Implicants.

3. COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS: (11 Hrs)

Design procedure, Binary Adder, Binary Subtractor, Binary Multiplier, Magnitude

Comparator, Decoders, Encoders, Multiplexers, and Demultiplexers.

4. SYNCHRONOUS SEQUENTIAL LOGIC (11 Hrs)

Sequential circuits, latches, flip-flops, analysis of clocked sequential circuits, State
reduction and assignment, design procedure. REGISTERS AND COUNTERS: Registers,
shift registers, ripple counters, synchronous counters, counters with unused states, ring
counter, Johnson counter.

5. MEMORY AND PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC (11 Hrs)

Introduction, Random access memory, memory decoding, error detection and

correction, read only memory, programmable logic array, programmable array logic,
sequential programmable devices.

Required Readings

● M. Morris Mano, Michael D. Ciletti (2008), Digital Design, 4th edition, Pearson Education
Inc, India.

Recommended Readings

● Zvi. Kohavi (2004), Switching and Finite Automata Theory, Tata McGraw Hill, India.

● C. V. S. Rao (2009), Switching and Logic Design, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education, India.

● Donald D. Givone (2002), Digital Principles and Design, Tata McGraw Hill, India

● Roth (2004), Fundamentals of Logic Design, 5th Edition, Thomson, India

39
 EC-PE401-I | Transducers & Sensors

Teaching Scheme

Lecture Hours Per Tutorial hours Practical Hours per

Credit
Week per week week

3 0 2 4

Prerequisite

Basic Knowledge of Measurements and measuring Instruments

Objectives

1. Understand the need of sensors and transducers for measurement.

2. Learn the basic I/O characteristics of different types of transducers and sensors and using the same
in different applications.

Learning Outcomes

1. Discuss need and classification of sensors and transducers.

2. Conduct experiments on measurement of industrial parameters.

3. Identify and solve problems of measurement using sensors and transducers.

4. Select sensors and transducers for measurement applications

Syllabus

1. Introduction (5 Hrs)

Definition of measurement, sensor, transducer, instrumentation .Types of sensor &

transducer, difference between transducer and sensor. Parts of the instrumentation system
(with an example). Block diagram of control system, controller and its types.

2. Performance Characteristics of Instruments (4 Hrs)

Concept of time constant, response time, natural frequency, damping [Link] of

[Link] response of 1st& 2nd order instrument.

3. Variable Resistance Transducers (4 Hrs)

Basic principles; Potentiometers-construction & characteristic, strain gauges – load cells –

temperature compensation – applications.

Hot wire anemometers; photo resistors, Humidity sensor.

40
 Resistive temperature transducers/RTD (Pt-100), Thermocouple: Construction,
chrematistic, types.

Thermistor (NTC, PTC), Construction, characteristics, applications, carbon microphones.

4. Variable Inductance & Capacitance Transducers. (4 Hrs)

Basic principles, El pick ups induction potentiometers, LVDT (Linear Variable Differential
Transformer), variable reluctance accelerometers, capacitance pickups, types, Proximity
sensors & its types, condenser microphones, differential capacitance pick ups – signal
conditioning circuits. Measurement of pressure, liquid level, moisture etc.

5. PiezoElectric Transducers (4 Hrs)

Piezoelectric crystals structure and their properties, equivalent circuit, general forms of
piezoelectric transducers, accelerometers, Piezo-electric force, strain, torque and pressure
transducer.

6. Magnetostrictive Transducers. (4 Hrs)

Magneto elastic property of nickel and perm alloy. Measurement of force, acceleration,
torque.

7. Other Transducers (4 Hrs)

Based on Hall Effect, eddy current, ionization.

Optical transducers (LDR, Photodiode, Phototransistor, Opto-coupler).

Single shaft encoders.

Thermocouple sensor, photovoltaic cell.

Tachogenerator.

Synchros

Accelerometer and its types

Servo Motor (AC & DC)

Selection of sensors for measurement of following parameters: Temperature, pressure, flow

and level, vibration, displacement, speed.

8. SignalConditioning:Principles: (4 Hrs)

Wheatstone Bridge circuits

Operational Amplifiers :characteristics

Inverting and non-inverting Amplifier

Current to voltage converter

Voltage to current converter

41
 Stepper Motor: construction & working.

Practicals:

1. Study of strain measurement using strain gauges and cantilever assembly & Determination of linear
range of operation of strain measurement.

2. Study of calibration & linearity in the load cell & observe the variation in voltage across the
Wheatstone bridge after signal processing with variation in loads. Study "TARE" in Load cell.

3. Study of the characteristics of a Differential Pressure Transducer & conversion of voltage output to
4-20 mA for Transmission.

4. Study of Input Output characteristics of LVDT, Determination of Sensitivity & linear range of operation
of LVDT.

5. Study of the Characteristics of Capacitive Transducer Water Level control using capacitive
Transducer.

6. Study of Characteristics of Temperature Transducers Like Thermocouple & RTD & study design of
On-off temperature control alarm system using signal conditioning of output from sensors.

7. Study of Characteristics of Temperature Transducers Like NTC Thermistor & IC Temperature Sensor.

8. Study Characteristics of Photovoltaic Cell & Photoconductive Cell along with signal conditioning of
output.

9. Study Characteristics of Phototransistor & PIN Photodiode & design a Light Controlled Switching
System using signal conditioning circuitry.

10. Study and use of Different Proximity Sensors like Inductive, Capacitive, and Magnetic & Optical
Sensor.

11. To study the characteristics of AC servo motor.

12. To study the characteristics of a DC servomotor.

13. To study the characteristics of synchro (transmitter & receiver).

14. Study and measurement of linear & Angular displacement using Potentiometric Displacement Sensor

Required Readings

1. Johnson, C., (2005)Process control instrumentation technology by Curtis D. Johnson, PHI learning
Pvt. Ltd, (4th ed.)

2. Murty, D.V.S., (2009), Transducer and Instrumentation, PHI, New Delhi, (2nd ed.)

3. Nakra, B. C., Chaudhary, K. K., (2009), Instrumentation measurement and analysis, 2nd ed. by BC
Nakra and KK Chaudhary, Tata [Link] Hill, (2nd ed.).

4. Weeden, T. A., Kirk, P. & Kirk, F. W., Instrumentation & process control, American Technical society
(7th ed.)
42
5. Sawhney, A. K., (Electrical and Electronics Measurement and Instrumentation, (2014), Dhanpat Rai &
Co. (7th ed.).

6. Barua, A., (2014), Principle of Industrial Instrumentation, Wiley India Publisher

7. Alavala, C. R., (2009), Principle of Industrial Instrumentation and control system , Cengage Learning
India Pvt Ltd.(1st ed.)

Recommended Readings

1. Doebelin, E. O. & Manik, D. N., (2017), Measurement Systems, McGraw Hill,(7th ed.)

2. Liptak, B. G., (1995), Process Measurement & Analysis, CRC press, (4th ed.)

3. Rangan, C. S., Sharma, G. R. & Mani, V. S.,(2017), Instrumentation Devices and Systems, Tata
McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi, (3rd ed).

4. Jain, R. K., (1995), Mechanical and Industrial Measurements, Khanna Publishers, (2nd ed.)

5. Patranabis, D., (2003), Sensors and Transducers, PHI, (2nd ed.)

Open source software and website address:-

1. [Link]

2. [Link]

3. [Link]
resentation

4. [Link]
sentation

5. [Link]
[Link]

43
 EC-PR401-I | Minor Project

Teaching Scheme
Lecture Hours Per Tutorial hours per Practical Hours per
Credit
Week week week
0 0 4 2

Rationale:

1. Make small scale projects and develop hands-on experience of working on a project.

2. Provide exposure to basic practices followed in the domain of electronics engineering.

3. Develop confidence amongst the students to enable them to use and apply acquired
technical knowledge and skills to solve practical problems of electronics engineering.
.
Lists of Projects:

1. Regulated Power Supply

2. Astable multivibrator using 555 Timer IC/Transistor/Op-amp IC 741

3. Integrator and Differentiator using Op-amp IC 741

4. RC Coupled Two Stage Amplifier

5. Touch plate switches by using 555 Timer IC/Transistor

6. Door bell/cordless bell using 555 Timer IC/Transistor

7. Clapping switch and IR switch using

8. Blinking parking light using 555 Timer IC circuit

9. Sirens and hooters using 555 Timer IC circuit

10. Security alarm using 555 Timer IC circuit

11. Blinking parking light using 555 Timer IC circuit

12. Disco light using 555 Timer IC circuit

13. Lamp dimmer circuit using SCR circuit

14. Cell charger, battery charger, mobile charger using transistor or 555 Timer IC

44
 EC-PC401-D | Analog Electronics - III

Teaching Scheme

Lecture Hours Tutorial hours per Practical Hours per

Credit
Per Week week week

3 0 2 4

Prerequisite

DC, small signal AC analysis, and Kirchhoff’s current and voltage laws, and full understanding of
transistor operation and small-signal modeling.

Objectives

1. Understand the basics of construction, working and applications of various types of electronic
components such as Thyristors and UJT, transient phenomena.

2. Maintain Clipper, Clamper, multivibrator, time-base circuits; regulated power supply, VCO and
PLL circuits and in turn maintain equipment having such circuits.

Learning Outcomes

1. Understand transient phenomena R-C, R-L. and understand working of clipper and clamper

2. Explain the working of SCR, UJT and their applications.

3. Explain different types of timer ICs.

4. Understand the fabrication process of integrated circuits.

5. Design circuits like Regulated power supply, UPS, CVT, VCO, PLL, Time Base circuit.

Syllabus
1. Wave Shaping Circuits (4 Hrs)

General idea about different wave shapes; Transient phenomena in R-C and R-L circuits;
R-C and R-L differentiating and integrating circuits; Clipping circuits; Diode clippers- series
and shunt biased type; Double clipper circuits; Zener diode clipper circuits; Use of
transistors for clipping and clamping circuits; Diode clamping circuit for clamping to
negative peak, positive peak or any other level for different input waveforms.

2. Thyristors and UJT (5 Hrs)

Characteristics, working principle and application of SCR, TRIAC, DIAC, SCS, SBS and
LASCR; Basic structure, principle of operation and VI characteristics of UJT; Working of
45
 UJT as relaxation oscillator and its use in triggering of SCR

3. Integrated Electronics (4 Hrs)

Introduction, advantages and disadvantages of ICs; Classification of ICs based on Size and
fabrication methods; Fabrication of transistors by planar process, a typical Fabrication
process for monolithic integrated circuits.

4. Timer IC (4 Hrs)

Purpose of Timer IC, Block diagram of 555 Timer IC and its working, 555 Timer as monostable,
astable and bistable multivibrators; FSK generator and Pulse position Modulation; OpAmp based
monostable and astable multivibrators; Schmitt Trigger circuit.

5. Time-Base Circuits (4 Hrs)

Need of time-base or sweep waveforms; special features of time base signals; Voltage time base
circuits; Current time base circuits; Bootstrap time base generator; Miller time base generator;
UJT sweep generator.

6. Regulated Power Supply (5 Hrs)

Concept of regulation; Performance parameters of regulated power supplies; Series and Shunt
regulators using transistors and OPAmp; Three terminal voltage regulator ICs 78XX
family(positive, negative and variable applications; Concept Of foldback limiting, short circuit and
overload protection, current boosting in 78XX series, Basic working principle of switched mode
power supply (SMPS); Floating and grounded power supplies; Multiple output power supply;
Brief idea of CVT, UPS and dual track in in power supply.

7. Voltage controlled Oscillator (VCO) (4 Hrs)

Function of VCO, IC NE555 based VCO, NE 566 based VCO, Applications of VCO, NE566 as
ramp generator and FM generator.

8. Phase locked Loop PLL (3 Hrs)

Basic PLL operation, lock range, capture range, IC NE 565- block diagram and working, NE 565
as frequency multiplier and FM detector.

Practical/Laboratory Content
1. Plot the output waveforms of R-C differentiating circuits for square wave input for
various time constants.

2. Plot the output waveforms of R-C integrating circuits for square wave input for various
time constants.

3. Construct biased and unbiased series and shunt clipping circuits for positive and
negative peak clipping of a sine wave using switching

4. Construct a double clipper circuit using switching diodes and sources and observe the
wave shapes.

5. Construct Zener Diode and transistor clipper circuits for positive peak, negative peak
46
 and double clipping of sine wave.

6. Construct a circuit to clamp sine and square waves to their positive and negative
peaks and to a specified level.

7. Plot characteristics of OpAmpSchmitt trigger circuit and plot the input to output wave
shapes with a sine wave input.

8. Construct monostable and a stable multi-vibrator using OpAmp and verify output.

9. Construct monostable and stable multi vibrator circuits using 555 timer and verify
output.

10. Plot the VI characteristics of SCR for different gate currents.

11. Construct UJT relaxation oscillator circuit and verify output.

12. Plot the VI characteristics of a TRIAC indifferent modes.

Required Readings

1. Bhargava, N. N., Kulshreshtha, D. C., & Gupta, S. C. (2013.). Basic Electronics & Linear
Circuits. Tata Mcgraw-Hill (2nd ed.)

2. Malvino, A. P., (2017), Electronic Principles. Tata Mcgraw-Hill (7th ed.)

3. Millman, J., Halkias, C. & Parikh, C. D., (2017), Integrated Electronics. McGraw Hill
Publications, (2nd ed.)

4. Boylestad, R. L., Nashelsky, L., (2012). Electronic Devices & Circuit Theory. PHI, (10th
ed.)

Recommended Readings

1. [Link]

2. [Link]

3. [Link]

4. [Link]

47
 EC-PE401-D | Microprocessors and Microcontrollers

Teaching Scheme

Lecture Hours Tutorial hours per Practical Hours per

Credit
Per Week week week

3 0 2 4

Prerequisite

N/A

Objectives
1. Understand the architecture of microprocessors and microcontroller

2. Understand the programming model of microprocessors and microcontrollers

3. Interface different external peripheral devices with microprocessors and microcontrollers

4. Analyze a problem and formulate appropriate computing solutions for processor or controller
based application.

5. Develop an assembly language program for specified application

Learning Outcomes
1. Demonstrate the types of power generation

2. Maintain the optimized working of the power plants

3. Apply safe practices in power plants

4. Explain various transmission and distribution systems.

5. Analyze and apply power factor improvement

6. Select the adequate mix of power generation based on economic operation

Syllabus
1. 8085 Microprocessor architecture: (6 Hrs)

Organization of a microcomputer system and functions of its various blocks. Stored

program concept. Harvard and Von Newman architecture .Microprocessors and
Microcontrollers and their applications 8085 architecture- functional diagram and
description, Register organization, memory organization, IO organization.

2. Instruction set and assembly language programming of 8085: (6 Hrs)

48
 Instruction formats. Types of instructions, Instruction set. Addressing modes, Simple
programs involving various types of instructions, basic timing diagrams

3. Data Transfer methods: (7 Hrs)

Synchronous, Asynchronous and Interrupt driven data transfer. Interrupts of 8085 and
their types. Servicing Interrupts, extending interrupts. Serial data transfer. Instructions
related to Interrupts and serial transfer. Need for DMA. Implementing DMA in 8085
processor based systems.

4. 8051 microcontrollers architecture: (7 Hrs)

8051 family of microcontrollers and its architecture, SFR, I/O ports and their functions,
Memory organization, Interfacing external memory, addressing modes, instruction set of
8051, Simple assembly language programs.

5. 8051 Real Time Control: (7 Hrs)

8051 timer/counter and its various modes of operation. Serial data transfer and its
modes. Interrupt handling.

6. Interfacing External Devices: (7 Hrs)

8255 PPI, various modes of operation., Interfacing Seven Segment Display, key board,
ADC and DAC with 8085 through PPI. Interfacing 8255 with 8051 microcontrollers.
Interfacing 8051 directly with 4x4 matrix keyboard, LEDs, ADC and DAC. Control speed
of DC motor using PWM technique. Stepper motor interfacing.

Practicals:

8085 based practicals:

1. Write program to add / subtract two 8 bit numbers (Assume data is in memory)

2. Write program to add / subtract two 16 bit numbers and store result

3. Write program to multiply two 8 bit numbers and store 16 bit result

4. Write program to divide two 8 bit numbers and store quotient and remainder

5. Write a program to display a decimal value in a seven segment display.

6. Write a program to read ADC and store digital value in memory

8051 based practicals:

1. Write 8051 program to add/ subtract two 8 bit numbers

2. Write a program to read keyboard and display the key in seven segment display

3. Write a program to read ADC output and display digital value in LEDs

4. Write a program to generate square wave using DAC

5. Write a program to vary speed of a DC motor using PWM

49
6. Write a program to rotate stepper motor clockwise and counterclockwise
Required Readings
1. Gaonkar, R. (2013). Microprocessor Architecture, Programming, and Applications with the
8085. Prentice Hall, (6th ed.)

2. Deshmukh, A., (2005), The 8051 microcontroller: Theory and applications, McGraw-Hill
Education (India) Pvt Limited (

3. Kumar, K. U., & Umashankar, B. S., (2008). The 8085 Microprocessor: Architecture,
Programming and Interfacing. Pearson. (1st ed.)

4. Mazidi, M. (2007), The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems: Using Assembly and
C, Pearson, (2nd ed.).

Recommended Readings

1. [Link]

2. [Link]

3. [Link]

4. [Link]

5. [Link]
nent-characteristics-component/

50
 EC-PC403-D | Digital Logic Design

Teaching Scheme

Lecture Hours Tutorial hours per Practical Hours per

Credit
Per Week week week

4 0 0 4

Prerequisite

Knowledge of Analog and Digital Electronics

Objectives
1. To teach various number systems, binary codes and their applications.

2. To familiarize the students with the importance of error detection and error correction codes.

3. To inculcate concepts of K-MAP to simplify a Boolean expression

4. To facilitate students in designing a logic circuit

Learning Outcomes
1. Use number systems and complements

2. Identify the importance of canonical forms in the minimization or other optimization of Boolean
formulas in general and digital circuits.

3. Minimize functions using any type of minimizing algorithms (Boolean algebra, Karnaugh map
or Tabulation method).

4. Analyze the design procedures of Combinational and Sequential circuits.

5. Design the finite state machine using algorithmic state machine charts and perform simple
projects with a few flip-flops.

Syllabus

1. DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND BINARY NUMBERS (10 Hrs)

Digital systems, binary numbers, number base conversions, octal and hexadecimal
numbers, complements, signed binary numbers, binary codes, error detection and error
correction codes. BOOLEAN ALGEBRA AND LOGIC GATES: Basic definitions,
axiomatic definition of Boolean algebra, basic theorems and properties of Boolean
algebra, Boolean functions, canonical and standard forms, other logic operations,
digital logic.

51
 2. GATE LEVEL MINIMIZATION (10 Hrs)

The k-map method, four-variable map, five-variable map, product of sums

simplification, don’t-care conditions, NAND and NOR implementation, determination
and selection of Prime Implicants, Essential and Non essential prime Implicants.

3. COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS: (11 Hrs)

Design procedure, Binary Adder, Binary Subtractor, Binary Multiplier, Magnitude

Comparator, Decoders, Encoders, Multiplexers, and Demultiplexers.

4. SYNCHRONOUS SEQUENTIAL LOGIC (11 Hrs)

Sequential circuits, latches, flip-flops, analysis of clocked sequential circuits, State
reduction and assignment, design procedure. REGISTERS AND COUNTERS:
Registers, shift registers, ripple counters, synchronous counters, counters with unused
states, ring counter, Johnson counter.

5. MEMORY AND PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC (11 Hrs)

Introduction, Random access memory, memory decoding, error detection and

correction, read only memory, programmable logic array, programmable array logic,
sequential programmable devices.

Required Readings
● M. Morris Mano, Michael D. Ciletti (2008), Digital Design, 4th edition, Pearson Education
Inc, India.

Recommended Readings
1. Zvi. Kohavi (2004), Switching and Finite Automata Theory, Tata McGraw Hill, India.

2. C. V. S. Rao (2009), Switching and Logic Design, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education, India.

3. Donald D. Givone (2002), Digital Principles and Design, Tata McGraw Hill, India

4. Roth (2004), Fundamentals of Logic Design, 5th Edition, Thomson, India

52
 EC-PC402-D | Fundamentals of Communication
Engineering

Teaching Scheme

Lecture Hours Tutorial hours per Practical Hours per

Credit
Per Week week week

3 0 2 4

Prerequisite

Digital Electronics

Objectives

1. Maintain electronic communication equipment and circuits related to this area.

2. Develop in-depth understanding of all concepts and principles so that they may learn
advanced courses.

Learning Outcomes
1. Explain the concept and need of modulation

2. Derive the mathematical expressions for Amplitude Modulated wave and Frequency modulated wave.

3. Explain the working of different types of AM & FM Modulators.

4. Explain the working of different types of AM & FM Demodulators.

5. Analyze various pulse analog and pulse digital modulation techniques

6. Analyze PCM technique and delta modulation technique

7. Explain the block diagram of digital communication system

Syllabus

1. Amplitude Modulation (6 Hrs)

Introduction to modulation, Need for modulation, Definition of Amplitude Modulation,

Derivation for mathematical expression of amplitude modulated wave showing Carrier and
side band components. Significance of Modulation index, spectrum and bandwidth of AM
wave, relative power distribution in carrier and sidebands.

Elementary idea of DSB-FC, DSB-SC, SSB-SC, ISB and VSB modulations, their comparison
and areas of applications.

53
2. Angle Modulation (7 Hrs)

Definition of Frequency Modulation, Derivation of mathematical expression for Frequency

Modulated wave and its frequency spectrum (without proof and analysis of Bessel
function), Modulation index, Maximum frequency deviation and deviation ratio, BW of FM
Signals, Advantages and Disadvantages of FM over AM in communication system,
Definition of Phase Modulation, Mathematical Expression for phase modulated wave,
modulation index, comparison with frequency modulation.

3. Working principles of the following AM Modulators (5 Hrs)

Collector Modulator

Balanced Modulator.

4. Working principles of the following FM Modulators (5 Hrs)

Reactance transistor modulator and

Armstrong phase modulator

5. Working principles of the following AM Demodulators (5 Hrs)

Diode detector circuit and

Synchronous detector circuit

6. Working Principles of the following FM demodulators (5 Hrs)

Slope detector

Foster-Seeley Discriminator and

Ratio Detector

7. Pulse Analog and Pulse Digital Modulation (5 Hrs)

Statement of sampling theorem and elementary idea of sampling frequency for pulse
modulation,

Basic concepts of Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) and Frequency Division Multiplexing
(FDM)

Basic idea about pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), pulse width modulation (PWM), pulse
position modulation (PPM) and their typical applications

Pulse code modulation (PCM): Basic scheme of PCM system, Quantization, quantization
error, advantages of PCM systems, Basic idea about differential PCM (DPCM) system

Delta modulation: Basic principle of delta modulation system, advantages of delta modulation
over PCM system.

Elements of Digital communication system with its block diagram: source, channel, transmitter
and receiver. Advantages and disadvantages of Digital communication over analog
communication.

54
 Practical/Laboratory Content

1. To obtain an AM wave on CRO by a standard RF signal generator using (i) internal

modulation and (ii) External modulation. Also to measure the modulation index of the
obtained AM wave.

2. To obtain an AM wave on CRO from (i) Collector modulator circuit and (ii) Balanced
modulator circuit. Also to measure index of modulation of the AM signal for different levels of
modulating signal.

3. To obtain a FM wave from (i) reactance transistor modulator circuit and (ii) Armstrong FM
modulator circuit. Also, to measure the frequency deviation for different modulating signals.

4. To obtain modulating signal from an AM diode detector circuit and observe the pattern for
different RC time constants and obtain its optimum value for least distortion.

5. To obtain modulating signal from a FM detector (Foster Seely/Ratio detector) circuit and plot
the discriminator characteristics.

6. To observe the sampled signal and compare it with the analog input signal. Note the effect of
varying the sampling pulse width and frequency on the sampled output.

7. To verify the sampling theorem.

8. Observe waveforms at input and output of a TDM and FDM circuit

9. To observe and note the pulse modulated signals (PAM, PPM, PWM) and compare them
with the corresponding analog input signal.

10. To measure the quantization noise in a 3 bit/4 bit coded PCM signal.

11. To feed an analog signal to a PCM modulator and compare demodulated signal with the
analog input.

12. To study the process of delta modulation/demodulation.

Required Readings

55
1. Taub, H., & Schilling, D. L. (2017). Principles of Communication Systems. Tata McGraw
Hill, (4th ed.)

2. Anand, R. (n.d.). Communication Systems. Khanna Publishing House, Delhi.

3. Singh, A., & Chhabra, A. K. (1999), Principles of Communication Engineering. [Link] &
Company.

Reference Books

1. Lathi, B. P. (2011), Modern Digital and Analog communication Systems, Oxford University
Press, (3rd ed.).

2. Haykin, S. (2006). Communication Systems, Wiley India, (4th ed.).

3. HSU, H. P., & Mitra, D. (2016). Analog and Digital Communications, Tata McGraw-Hill, (3rd
ed.).

56
 EC-PR401-D | Minor Project

Teaching Scheme

Lecture Hours Tutorial hours per Practical Hours per

Credit
Per Week week week

0 0 4 2

Pre-requisites

N/A

Objectives
1. Make small scale projects and develop hands-on experience of working on a project.

2. Provide exposure to basic practices followed in the domain of electronics engineering.

3. Develop confidence amongst the students to enable them to use and apply acquired
technical knowledge and skills to solve practical problems of electronics engineering.

List of Projects:
1. Regulated Power Supply

2. Astable multivibrator using 555 Timer IC/Transistor/Op-amp IC 741

3. Integrator and Differentiator using Op-amp IC 741

4. RC Coupled Two Stage Amplifier

5. Touch plate switches by using 555 Timer IC/Transistor

6. Door bell/cordless bell using 555 Timer IC/Transistor

7. Clapping switch and IR switch using

8. Blinking parking light using 555 Timer IC circuit

9. Sirens and hooters using 555 Timer IC circuit

10. Security alarm using 555 Timer IC circuit

11. Blinking parking light using 555 Timer IC circuit

12. Disco light using 555 Timer IC circuit

13. Lamp dimmer circuit using SCR circuit

14. Cell charger, battery charger, mobile charger using transistor or 555 Timer IC

15. Fire/Smoke/Intruder alarm using 555 Timer IC.

57