GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
INSTRUMENTATION & CONTROL ENGINEERING (17)
MEASUREMENT & INSTRUMENTS
SUBJECT CODE: 2141704
B.E. 4th Semester
Type of course: Core
Prerequisite: Basic Electrical Engineering, physics
Rationale: To prepare students for experiments and design with various electrical, electronic
measurements and instrumentation systems.
Teaching and Examination Scheme:
Teaching Scheme Credits Examination Marks Total
L T P C Theory Marks Practical Marks Marks
ESE PA (M) PA (V) PA
(E) PA ALA ESE OEP (I)
4 0 2 6 70 20 10 20 10 20 150
L- Lectures; T- Tutorial/Teacher Guided Student Activity; P- Practical; C- Credit; ESE- End Semester
Examination; PA- Progressive Assessment
Content:
Sr. No. Content Total % Weightage
Hrs
1 Introduction: Types of instruments: Indicating, recording, integrating, 2 4
etc.
2 Analog DC and AC meters: Electromechanically meter movements, 6 10
PMMC, Analog DC ammeters, Analog DC voltmeters, Analog AC
ammeters and Voltmeters, Analog multimeters, Special purpose analog
meters, Use of basic meters, meter errors, problems. Extending the range
of meters, Loading effects and their elimination, true rms voltmeters.
3 Digital Meters: DVM and Digital multimeter, vector voltmeters, 7 6 10
segment and LCD display. Analog to Digital Converters and Digital to
Analog Converters,
4 Oscilloscope: Oscilloscope subsystem, Principle of Operation, Cathode 8 15
Ray Tube ,Display subsystem, Vertical deflection subsystem, Dual
trace/Dual beam feature,
Horizontal deflection subsystems, oscilloscope probes, oscilloscope
controls, Front panel of an oscilloscope, Lissajous patterns
oscilloscope photography, Digital storage oscilloscopes (DSO), Power
scope. Attenuation probes, problems
5 Time & Frequency Measurement: Time Measurements, Frequency 3 10
measurement, Harmonic Analysis and spectrum analyzers, Frequency
Mixer problems.
6 Power & Energy Measurement: Power in AC-DC circuits, single- 4 10
phase power measurements, Poly-phase power and
measurements, Electrical energy measurements, Power measurements
problems
7 Measurement of Resistance & Bridges : Resistance and resistor, 8 20
resistor type, measurement of resistance, Wheatstone Bridge, Making
balanced Wheatstone Bridge measurement, Low value
resistance measurement (Kelvin Double Bridge), problems.
Measurement of Capacitance, Inductance, and Impedance: Hays
Bridge, Schering Bridge, Maxwell bridge, Anderson Bridge, Q-factor,
Capacitance and capacitors, capacitor circuit models
and losses, capacitor types, color coding of capacitor, Inductor and
Inductance, Inductor structure, Transformers,
Impedance, Capacitance and Inductance, Capacitance and Inductance
measurement, complete impedance measurement, frequency
measurement, problems.
8 Current and Potential transformers, testing, and applications. 3 5
9 A.C. Signal Sources: Sweep Frequency generators, Pulse generators, 3 6
Function generators, Oscillators
Interference Signals and Their Elimination: Capacitance interference,
inductive interference and shielding,
electromagnetic interference and shielding, conductive coupling
interference, ground loop interference and input
guarding to reduce it internal noise.
10 Measurement of Power factor and frequency with analog and digital 5 10
meters. Magnetometer. Miscellaneous measurements: speed, velocity.
Suggested Specification table with Marks (Theory):
Distribution of Theory Marks
R Level U Level A Level N Level E Level
28 28 7 7 -
Legends: R: Remembrance; U: Understanding; A: Application, N: Analyze and E: Evaluate
and above Levels (Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy)
Note: This specification table shall be treated as a general guideline for students and teachers. The
actual distribution of marks in the question paper may vary slightly from above table
Reference Books:
1. Wolf & Smith, Student reference manual for Electron ic and Instrumentation measurement,
PHI Publication.
2. E.W. Golding and F.C. Widdis, Electrical measurements and measuring instruments, Pitman
Publishing.
3. Bemard Oliver and John Cage, Electronic Measurement s and Instrumentation, Tata Mcgraw
Hill.
4. William [Link], Albert d. Helfrick, Electronic Instrumen tation and measurement
techniques, Prentice – Hall.
5. [Link], A Course in Electrical and Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation,
Dhanpatrai Publication.
6. H.S. Kalsi, Electronic instrumentation.
7. Kim Fowler, Electronic Instrument Design, OUP, USA, 1996.
Course Outcome:
After learning the course the students should be able to:
1. Operate modern electrical and electronic instruments like DSO, Digital Multimeter,
and other digital and analog instruments.
2. Find faults and test various instruments and justify their use in systems.
3. Carry out Engineering design of various meters or select instruments for various
applications.
List of Experiments: (Outlines)
1. Find the unknown resistance with Whistone bridge.
2. Find unknown capacitance with a.c. bridge.
3. Measure power in single/3-phase circuit.
4. Extend the range of given ammeter.
5. Perform experiment on energy meter and learn to take readings.
6. Operation of CRO, DSO for voltage, current and frequency measurement, Lissajous patterns,
phase angle measurements.
7. Find unknown inductance with given a.c. bridge.
8. Find low resistance with Kelvin double bridge.
9. Understanding functioning of modern digital multimeters and their computer interface.
Design based Problems (DP)/Open Ended Problem:
Design Multi range voltmeter and ammeter by extending ranges of given meters.
Major Equipment:
CRO, DSO, AC/DC bridges, Power and Energy meters, load trolley, etc.
List of Open Source Software/learning website:
[Link]
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[Link]
ACTIVE LEARNING ASSIGNMENTS: Preparation of power-point slides, which include videos,
animations, pictures, graphics for better understanding theory and practical work – The faculty will
allocate chapters/ parts of chapters to groups of students so that the entire syllabus to be covered. The
power-point slides should be put up on the web-site of the College/ Institute, along with the names of
the students of the group, the name of the faculty, Department and College on the first slide. The best
three works should submit to GTU.
