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STP Caribbean Maths Book 3
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14Simultaneousequations
Equationswithtwounknownquantities
Uptonowtheequationswehavesolvedhavehadonlyoneunknownquantity,
buttherecanbemore.
Lookingattheequation2x+y=8,wecanseethattherearemanypossiblevalueswhich
willfit,forinstancex=2andy=4,orx=1andy=[Link]=-1andy=10
orevenx=1.681andy=[Link],thereisaninfinitesetofpairsofsolutions.
If,however,wearealsotoldthatx+y=5,thenweshallfindthatnoteverypair
[Link]=2,
y=4satisfiesthefirstequation,itdoesnotsatisfyx+y=[Link]
x=3,y=2satisfiesbothequations.
Thesetwoequationstogetherformapairofsimultaneousequations.'Simultaneous
meansthatthetwoequationsarebothsatisfiedbythesamevaluesofxandy;thatis,
whenxhasthesamevalueinbothequationsthenyhasthesamevalueinboth.
[Link]
startwiththesimplest.
Eliminationmethod
Wheneverwemeetanewtypeofequation,wetrytoreorganiseitsothatitis
similartoequationswehavealreadymet.
Previousequationshavehadonlyoneunknownquantity,sowetryto
eliminateoneofthetwounknowns.
Considerthepairofequations
2x+y=8 [17
x+y=5 [2]
Inthiscase,ifwetrysubtractingthesecondequationfromthefirstwefind
thattheytermdisappearsbutthextermdoesnot:
le.[1]-[21givesx=3
Then,substituting3forxinequation[2],weseethat3+y=5soy=2
Wecancheckthatx=3andy=2alsosatisfyequation[1].
Noticethatitisessentialtonumbertheequationsandtosaythatyouaresubtractingthem.
Sometimesitiseasiertosubtractthefirstequationfromthesecondratherthanthe
secondequationfromthefirst.(Inthiscasewewouldwriteequation[1]again,
underneathequation[2].)
Sometimeswecaneliminatexratherthany.
244
14Simultaneousequations
Exercise14b
x-2y=1
Solvetheequations
3x+2y=19
x-2y=1 [1]
3x+2y=19 [2]
[1]+[2]gives 4x=20
x=5
(Itiseasiertousetheequationwiththe+signtofindy.)
Substitute5forxin[2] 15+2y=19
Subtract15frombothsides 2y=4
y=2
Checkin[1] left-handside=5-4=1=righthandside
Thereforethesolutionisx=5,y=2
Solvethefollowingpairsofequations:
1x-y=2 43a-½=10 7x+v=2
3x+y=10 3а+b=2 2x-y=10
22x-x=6 56x+2v=19 &5p+3q=5
3x+y=14 x-2V=2 4p-34=4
3p+2q=11 64x+y=37 23x-4y=-24
3р-2q=1 2x-y=17 5x+4y=24
Tosolvethefollowingequations,firstdecidewhethertoaddorsubtract:
103x+2y=12 139x+2y=48 165x-2y=24
x+2y=8 x-2v=2 x+2y=0
11x-2y=6 144x+y=19 17x+3y=0
4x+2y=14 3r+V=15 X-V=-4
12x+3y=12 152x+3y=13 185p-3g=9
r+y=8 2x+5y=21 4p+34=9
246
14Simultaneousequations
Ifwemultiplythesecondequationby3togive12x+3y=-6,wehavethesame
numberofy'[Link]:
[2]×3 12x+3y=-6 [3]
2x+3y=4 [1]
[3]-[1]gives 10x=-10
x=-1
Substitute-1forxin[2] -4+y=-2
Add4tobothsides y=2
Thereforethesolutionisx=-1,y=2
Exercise14c
3x-2y=1
Solvetheequations
4x+y=5
3x-2y=1 [11
4x+y=5 [2]
[21×2gives 8x+2y=10 [3]
3x-2y=1 [1]
[1]+[3]gives 11x=11
x=1
Substitute1forxin[2] 4+=5
Subtract4frombothsides y=1
Checkin[1] left-handside=3-2
=1=right-handside
Thereforethesolutionisx=1,y=1
Solvethefollowingpairsofequations:
1 2x+y=7 39x+7y=10 56x-4y=-4
3x+2y=11 3x+y=2 5x+2y=2
25x-4y=-3 45x+3y=21 64x+3y=25
3x+V=5 2.x+y=3 r+5y=19
248
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