LOGIN(1)
User Commands
LOGIN(1)
NAME
login - begin session on the system
SYNOPSIS
login [-p] [-h host] [username] [ENV=VAR...]
login [-p] [-h host] -f username
login [-p] -r host
DESCRIPTION
The login program is used to establish a new session with the system. It is
normally invoked automatically by responding to the login: prompt on the user's
terminal. login may be
special to the shell and may not be invoked as a sub-process. When called
from a shell, login should be executed as exec login which will cause the user to
exit from the current shell
(and thus will prevent the new logged in user to return to the session of
the caller). Attempting to execute login from any shell but the login shell will
produce an error message.
The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate. Echoing is
disabled to prevent revealing the password. Only a small number of password
failures are permitted before login
exits and the communications link is severed.
If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted for
a new password before proceeding. You will be forced to provide your old password
and the new password before
continuing. Please refer to passwd(1) for more information.
Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the
/etc/passwd file. The value for $HOME, $SHELL, $PATH, $LOGNAME, and $MAIL are set
according to the appropriate fields
in the password entry. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be set
according to entries in the GECOS field.
On some installations, the environmental variable $TERM will be initialized
to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified in /etc/ttytype.
An initialization script for your command interpreter may also be executed.
Please see the appropriate manual section for more information on this function.
A subsystem login is indicated by the presence of a "*" as the first
character of the login shell. The given home directory will be used as the root of
a new file system which the user
is actually logged into.
The login program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file.
It is the responsibility of getty(8) and init(8) to clean up apparent ownership of
a terminal session. If you
use login from the shell prompt without exec, the user you use will continue
to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession".
OPTIONS
-f
Do not perform authentication, user is preauthenticated.
Note: In that case, username is mandatory.
-h
Name of the remote host for this login.
-p
Preserve environment.
-r
Perform autologin protocol for rlogin.
The -r, -h and -f options are only used when login is invoked by root.
CAVEATS
This version of login has many compilation options, only some of which may
be in use at any particular site.
The location of files is subject to differences in system configuration.
The login program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file.
It is the responsibility of getty(8) and init(8) to clean up apparent ownership of
a terminal session. If you
use login from the shell prompt without exec, the user you use will continue
to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession".
As with any program, login's appearance can be faked. If non-trusted users
have physical access to a machine, an attacker could use this to obtain the
password of the next person coming
to sit in front of the machine. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used
by users to initiate a trusted path and prevent this kind of attack.
CONFIGURATION
The following configuration variables in /etc/[Link] change the behavior
of this tool:
CONSOLE_GROUPS (string)
List of groups to add to the user's supplementary groups set when
logging in on the console (as determined by the CONSOLE setting). Default is none.
Use with caution - it is possible for users to gain permanent access to
these groups, even when not logged in on the console.
DEFAULT_HOME (boolean)
Indicate if login is allowed if we can't cd to the home directory.
Default is no.
If set to yes, the user will login in the root (/) directory if it is
not possible to cd to her home directory.
ENV_PATH (string)
If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when a
regular user login. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example
/bin:/usr/bin) and can be
preceded by PATH=. The default value is PATH=/bin:/usr/bin.
ENV_SUPATH (string)
If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the
superuser login. The value is a colon separated list of paths (for example
/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin) and
can be preceded by PATH=. The default value is
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin.
ERASECHAR (number)
Terminal ERASE character (010 = backspace, 0177 = DEL).
The value can be prefixed "0" for an octal value, or "0x" for an
hexadecimal value.
FAIL_DELAY (number)
Delay in seconds before being allowed another attempt after a login
failure.
FAKE_SHELL (string)
If set, login will execute this shell instead of the users' shell
specified in /etc/passwd.
HUSHLOGIN_FILE (string)
If defined, this file can inhibit all the usual chatter during the login
sequence. If a full pathname is specified, then hushed mode will be enabled if the
user's name or shell are
found in the file. If not a full pathname, then hushed mode will be
enabled if the file exists in the user's home directory.
KILLCHAR (number)
Terminal KILL character (025 = CTRL/U).
The value can be prefixed "0" for an octal value, or "0x" for an
hexadecimal value.
LOGIN_RETRIES (number)
Maximum number of login retries in case of bad password.
This will most likely be overridden by PAM, since the default pam_unix
module has its own built in of 3 retries. However, this is a safe fallback in case
you are using an
authentication module that does not enforce PAM_MAXTRIES.
LOGIN_TIMEOUT (number)
Max time in seconds for login.
LOG_OK_LOGINS (boolean)
Enable logging of successful logins.
LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB (boolean)
Enable display of unknown usernames when login failures are recorded.
Note: logging unknown usernames may be a security issue if an user enter
her password instead of her login name.
TTYGROUP (string), TTYPERM (string)
The terminal permissions: the login tty will be owned by the TTYGROUP
group, and the permissions will be set to TTYPERM.
By default, the ownership of the terminal is set to the user's primary
group and the permissions are set to 0600.
TTYGROUP can be either the name of a group or a numeric group
identifier.
If you have a write program which is "setgid" to a special group which
owns the terminals, define TTYGROUP to the group number and TTYPERM to 0620.
Otherwise leave TTYGROUP commented
out and assign TTYPERM to either 622 or 600.
TTYTYPE_FILE (string)
If defined, file which maps tty line to TERM environment parameter. Each
line of the file is in a format something like "vt100 tty01".
USERGROUPS_ENAB (boolean)
If set to yes, userdel will remove the user's group if it contains no
more members, and useradd will create by default a group with the name of the user.
FILES
/var/run/utmp
List of current login sessions.
/var/log/wtmp
List of previous login sessions.
/etc/passwd
User account information.
/etc/shadow
Secure user account information.
/etc/motd
System message of the day file.
/etc/nologin
Prevent non-root users from logging in.
/etc/ttytype
List of terminal types.
$HOME/.hushlogin
Suppress printing of system messages.
/etc/[Link]
Shadow password suite configuration.
SEE ALSO
mail(1), passwd(1), sh(1), su(1), [Link](5), nologin(5), passwd(5),
securetty(5), getty(8).
shadow-utils 4.8.1
11/29/2022
LOGIN(1)
