.

WORLDS LARGEST- SELLING fLECTRONICSMAGAZINE'-- :_FEBRUÁ'

u tér wait
ith
NoMovi 9:Parts..
Shortwave Newscasts
English
Build a Mmiomputer,:
.
Part i" vq .r°
-

:" ug of WI"
[Link] Ge 6

I.._.
TES1REPQT".

Máántz 4210
á

Receiver .r -

Garrard Zé[.ó Í00

Turntable
OrtofonVMS-20Er°3. orrr

Phóño Cartridge
lafayette com-Phone ?a,:
CBTrarisceivér
_Data echñólogy
G°
,:ºüsés:MOSSensór.=_-
Man _
=.
_, s: --

l
OigitaY
Models 2Q 21-D ¡.,

2
^

.Fw ¡r
i

62156 YJ 3;ar NYS

80 400113116AW 014,9
7 ar 113NY8Y0 1
Z0
Q1 1. 9L8dtl 060N0149 1184 961£0£

[Link]
Your sure-fire
Automatically, 'round the clock, when hazardous
smoke fumes threaten, it sounds a life-saving
intermittent blast-so loud it can break through

smoke detectar
the deepest sleep.
The Mallory Smoke Detector Alarm is completely
self-contained, battery-powered. It installs easily

is here...the on ceilings-in hallways, bedrooms, wherever

warning for escape from lethal combustion
products (visible or invisible) is needed.

ory SDA3
i
And the 12.6 -volt Mallory battery ís specially
designed for added security. It changes

l.
-I
characteristics after a life of approximately one
year and the Alarm then emits a burst of sound
at one -minute intervals, signaling that a fresh
battery is needed.
All for a price so affordable, every home,
apartment, trailer, office can have sure-fire smoke-
alarm protection.
For details, see your Mallory c istributor.

lgyQ

-r

The SCA3 Ala .m is compact,

= i s

unobtrusive-only 6" x 1%6".

r+
c

MALLORY DISTRIBUTOR PRODUCTS COMPANY

:MALLORY- adivision P.R. MALLORY 8, CO. INC.
Box 1284, Indianapolis. Indiana 48206; Telephone: 317-866.3731
Batteries Capacitors Controls Security Products DURATAPE" Resistors Semlconductles &MALERT. Switches Thniig Devices and Motors
DURACELL", DURATAPE" and SONALERT' are registered trademarks of P. R. Mallory & Co. Inc.

CIRCLE NO. 24 ON READER SERVICE CARD

[Link]
 Js IEE]L1U ro ¡RNN[]LIN[E:
THE CT-1024 YTE1
* DISPLAYS UP TO 16 LINES (of 32 Characters) AT ONE TIME.
1,024 Character -
Two Page Memory Capacity STANDARD. -
* Plug -In Circuits to adapt the terminal to any requirement at lowest possible cost.
* Requires +5 Volts DC @ 2.5 Amps, -5 and -12 Volts @ 20 Ma.
* Use with any TV set ',, 1 :'*. < r

A y
r

u r
0
F
U
a a N P
Y g
N
K ( 1
fi

..r w,í
[Link].
..
T
(Ij I °
FM. c U.
, tw
r:r,[Link]
teC.i4d 111 ..IW

* Up to date, low power consumption STATIC type MOS Memory.

* No complicated refresh or power -down circuits needed.

At last we can tell you about the most versatile, video - allows either the keyboard, or the computer to access the
display terminal kit available anywhere; the Southwest terminals memory and display data on the screen.
Technical CT -1024. Our terminal is designed around a basic
mother board and a 6,144 bit memory that will display For those applications where it is useful, we also have an
two pages of data on any standard television set, or moni- "off line edit", or "screen read" plug-in circuit #CT -E.
tor. The two pages consist of 16 lines with 32 characters on This allows you to compose a program, or, message on the
each line. Input may be any source of parallel ASCII code;
terminals display screen and transmit it out a line at a time
keyboard, computer, etc. If the system is to be used for a when you are finished and satisfied that everything is cor-
display, teaching aid, deaf communicator, or other similar rect.
purpose; this is all you will need.
If you would like the convenience of complete cursor con-
Other applications of a terminal system such as remote time trol, we have our #CT -CM plug-in board. This gives you
Move Right, Move Left, Move Up, Move Down, Home Up,
share, RTTY, etc require an interface having a serial output.
For these applications you add our# CT -S plug-in UART Erase to end of line and Erase to end of frame functions.
card to the mother board. This allows you to transmit and These are operated by keyswitches, or any other type
receive ACSCII coded data in serial form at a rate of 110 switches you may wish to use, giving you complete manual
baud. (300 and 600 baud options are available). The control of the cursor.
standard RS -232 type interface connects directly to your
transmitter FSK modulator, modem system, or what have If the terminal is to be part of a computer system, you
you. might prefer our automatic cursor control circuit #GT-CA.
This plug-in not only allows you to control the cursor and
If you are going to use the CT -1024 directly with a com- to perform the functions listed above, but makes possible
puter I/O port that requires a parallel ACSCII input, then computer control of these same functions through the
you will want our parallel interface card, #CT -P which machines software.

# CT -1024 Terminal System Kit with 1024 Memory Card-less cabinet or power supply $175.00 PPd
# CT -E Screen Read Plug-in Card Kit $ 17.50 PPd
# CT -M Manual Cursor Control Plug-in Card Kit $ 11.50 PPd

# CT -P Power Supply for CT -1024-115-230 Volt Primaries $ 15.50 PPd

# KBD-2 Keyboard Kit - 53 Keys $ 39.95 PPd

FREE -1975 Catalog-Circle our number on the "Bingo" card.

SOUTHWEST TECHNICAL PRODUCTS CORPORATION

519 W. RHAPSODY
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS 78216
CIRCLE NO. 35 ON READER SERVICE CARD
FEBRUARY 1975
 Now there's a CD. radio
with too much talk- power.

Put punch in your voice, from a block Extra large Power S Meter let's you
away to the fringes of your range. monitor ycur set's performance
'New Dyna-Mike gain control puts out:. easily even when it's tucked under
absolute modulation. So much talk the dashboard.
power you'll have to turn it down. And you get switchable automatic
An important feature, but only noise limiter, P.A./external speaker°
one that makes this fantastically low- 'jack, large built-in speaker and
priced CB radio the best CB value detachable mike.
on today's market. It's all wrapped up in o'beautiful,
The Cobra 21 with crystal filter, compact cabinet only 6" wide x 21/2"
dual conversion receiver; transmits- wide x 71/2" deep. Meets FCC
andreceives on all 23 AM channels. requirements.
Features 60 dB adjacent channel Ask your CB Dealer for the Cobra 21..
rejection that completely 'The radio with too much talk power
eliminates bleedover. for not much money.

111
' {
WI ,, =ERA
"
21

Off

~ ,.vi+<``':! j

Product of DYNASCAN CORPORATIÓÑ 1801 W. Belle Plaine ChicagokIllinois 60613

CIRCLE NO. 8 ON READER SERVICE CARD

2 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
[Link]
 FEBRUARY 1975 VOLUME 7, NUMBER 2

'own
FEATURE ARTICLES
H:,C
WORLD'S LARGEST- SELLING ELECTRONICS MAGAZINE

HOW PHASE -LOCKED LOOPS WORK Herb Cohen 32

Theory and applications of a circuit revitalized by IC technology.
SHORTWAVE NEWSCASTS IN ENGLISH Richard E. Wood 35
KEYING AND VCA CIRCUITS FOR ELECTRONIC MUSIC INSTRUMENTS, PART II Don Lancaster 37
POWER SURGES AND SEMICONDUCTORS Leslie Solomon 42
ALTAIR 8800 MINI COMPUTER, PART 2 H. Edward Roberts & William Yates 56
Practical use of the computer, including programming

CONSTRUCTION ARTICLES
BUILD CYCLOPS Terry Walker, Harry Garland & Roger Melen 27
First all solid-state TV camera for experimenters.
A VU METER WITH NO MOVING PARTS Terry L. Mayhugh 40
New bar -graph device provides signal -strength readouts, accurate peak signals.
TUG-OF-WAR Robert C. Frostholm & Roger Lundegard 43
An electronic game project to challenge your reflexes.
BUILD A "UNIVERSAL" DIGITAL PROBE James P. Tierney 48
Tests virtually any digital logic family at speeds to 10 MHz.
UPDATE YOUR DIGITAL CLOCK WITH ADD-ONS Jeffrey Glick, Jerry McElwee & Wilbur Marky 50
An hourly chimer, alarm for heavy sleepers, and grandfather's tick-tock.
ZERO -TO -30V EXPERIMENTER'S SUPPLY Thomas McGahee ,
70

COLUMNS
HOBBY SCENE Editorial Staff 17

STEREO SCENE Ralph Hodges 22

Tape -head alignment.
SOLID STATE Lou Garner 76
Using thermoelectric devices.
CB SCENE Len Buckwalter 80
Taking the bark out of spark.
ART'S TV SHOP Art Margolis 86
Mystery of the pocket power supply.
TEST EQUIPMENT SCENE Leslie Solomon 88
Learning to live with digital.

PRODUCT TEST REPORTS

MARANTZ MODEL 4270 AM/FM STEREO 2-QUADRADIAL 4 RECEIVER 59
GARRARD ZERO 100SB TURNTABLE 61
ORTOFON MODEL VMS -20E PHONO CARTRIDGE 66
LAFAYETTE COM-PHONE 23 MOBILE CB TRANSCEIVER 67
DATA TECHNOLOGY MODEL 20 BENCH -TYPE AND
MODEL 21 PORTABLE DIGITAL MULTIMETERS 68

DEPARTMENTS
EDITORIAL Art Salsberg 4
It's a Tough World Out There.
LETTERS 6
NEW PRODUCTS 12
NEW LITERATURE 16
NEWS HIGHLIGHTS 25
ELECTRONICS LIBRARY 89

POPULAR ELECTRONICS, February 1975, Volume 7, Number 2. Pub- Ziff -Davis also publishes Boating, Car and Driver, Cycle, Flying, Mod-
lished monthly at One Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016. One year sub- ern Bride, Popular Photography, Skiirg and Stereo Review.
scription rate for U.S., Possessions and Canada, $7.98; all other countries, Forms 3579 and all subscription correspondence should be addressed
$8.98. Second class Postage paid at New York, NY and at additional to POPULAR ELECTRONICS, Circulation Dept., P. O. Box 2774, Boulder,
mailing offices. Authorized as second class mail by the Post Office De- CO 80302. Please allow at least eight weeks for change of address. In-
partment, Ottawa, Canada and for payment of postage in cash. Subscrip- clude your old address, as well as new-enclosing, if possible, an ad-
tion service and Forms 3579; P.O. Box 2774, Boulder, CO 80302. dress label from a recent issue.
POPULAR ELECTRONICS Including ELECTRONICS WORLD, Trade Editorial contributions must be accompanied by return postage and
Mark Registered. Indexed in the Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature. will be handled with reasonable care however publisher assumes no
COPYRIGHT 01975 BY ZIFF-DAVIS PUBLISHING COMPANY. ALL responsibility for return or safety of art work, photographs, models, or
RIGHTS RESERVED. manuscripts.

FEBRUARY 1975 3

[Link]
 Popular Electronics
EDGAR W. HOPPER
Publisher

ARTHUR P. SALSBERG
Editorial Director

LESLIE SOLOMON
Techniud Editor
Editorial
JOHN R. RIGGS
.4lanagtng Editor

EDWARD I. BUXBAUM
Art Director
IT'S A TOUGH WORLD OUT THERE
ALEXANDER W. BURAWA An electronics editor sometimes gets spoiled. Parts are almost
Associate Editor
always available, delivery is generally speedy, etc. However, to
JOHN McVEIGH corroborate some reader reports that it isn't as easy as it once was to
[Link]ó,nt Editor
be an electronics hobbyist, set out to build some projects without
I

ANDRE DUZANT my protective cloak. Here are some of my experiences.

Technical Illustrator
Failing to find a particular $3 component locally-retail electronics
HERBERT S. BRIER stores didn't stock it and industrial distributors wouldn't sell me just
LEN BUCKWALTER
LOU GARNER
one-I found an industrial mail-order supplier that carried it.
GLENN HAUSER However, since didn't meet a minimum purchase requirement, had
I
I
JULIAN D. HIRSCH to pay a 50% premium ($1.50 handling charge) on the part, plus
RALPH HODGES
WALTER G. JUNG postage. also used mail order for a single 750k -ohm, 5%, 1/2 -watt
I

ART MARGOLIS resistor because it wasn't available at local outlets. And purchased I
Contributing Editors
a 556 dual timer that turned out to be defective (which learned after
I

JOSEPH E. HALLORAN troubleshooting an inoperative module). After quickly wiring in a

Adrertisinc Director replacement without referring to an application note, discovered
I

JOHN J. CORTON that the second device had a different pin configuration.
Advertising Sales Running out of solder, hurried to a local electronics retailer and
I

LINDA BLUM
asked for a pound. The clerk's eyes widened as he advised me that
Adrertising Senesce Manager tin prices had gone sky-high and a pound would cost $9.85,
plus tax.
PEGI McENEANEY
Nine -eighty-five indeed, thought! So tried another electronics
I I

[Link] Assistant store, where was able to buy a pound of name -brand, rosin -core
I

solder for only $4.95. Happily, took my bargain home, only to

STANLEY NEUFELD
I

Associate Publisher discover that the solder required more time than usual to melt.
Furthermore, spread was poor, the liquified alloy looked slurry and
FURMAN H. HEBB
Group 1P. Electronics & Photo
the solidified joint was dull and crusty rather than bright and shiny.
Distressed, examined the spool. It was 40/60. What wanted,
I
I
ZIFF-DAVIS PUBLISHING COMPANY naturally, was 60/40, which has a lower melting point (370°F vs. 460°F).
Popular Electronics
Editorial and Executive Offices I could go on, but the idea is clear. It is more difficult today than it
One Park Avenue New York, New York 10016 used to be to gather parts at the right price-for a variety of reasons.
212-725-3500
Hershel B. Sarbin, President But in many ways, our lot today is better than it ever was. We have
Furman Hebb. Executive Vice President and Treasurer many more devices available, with numerous circuit application
Phillip T. Heffernan, Senior Vice President. Marketing
Edward D. Muhlfeld. Senior VicePresident, Sports Division possibilities. Prices on many devices are low and getting lower (an
Philip Sine, Senior Vice President anomaly in today's inflationary market). Using pc boards and
Frank Pomerantz. Vice President, Creative Services
Arthur W. Butzow. Vice President. Production multi -function chips, it is easier to assemble a complicated circuit
Lawrence Sporn, Vice President. Circulation today than it was to put together a simple one years ago. The result
George Morrissey, Vice President is more satisfactory also.
Sydney H. Rogers, Vice President
Sidney Holtz. Vice President Facing up to the fact that no single outlet carries all parts and that
Charles B. Seton, Secretary some suppliers are not interested in small -quantity orders, how can
Edgar W. Hopper. Vice President. Electronics Div.
one ease the parts procurement problem? One sensible way is to
William Ziff. Chairman write to all companies that sell components and have catalogs
W. Bradford Briggs. Vice Chairman
available. Many of them advertise in this magazine. Be sure, also, to
Midwestern Office check mail-order suppliers at the back of the magazine. Arm yourself
The Pattis Group, 4761 West Touhy Ave.. with cross-reference and replacement guides, too. This may sound
Lincolnwood. Illinois 60644. 312 679-1100
GERALD E. WOLFE, GEORGE B. MANNION basic, but we recently received a host of letters asking where one
DAVID ALLEN could get 200-PIV diodes for a solder -iron heat reducer hint we
Western Office published, when practically every electronic parts catalog lists them!
9025 Wilshire Boulevard. Beverly Hills. CA 90211
213 273-8050: BRadshaw 2-1161
Also, there's nothing wrong with using higher -rated components (a
Western Advertising Manager. BUD DEAN 2 -watt resistor if a 1 -watt isn't available); totem -poling zeners;
Japan: James Yagi paralleling capacitors; etc. Yankee ingenuity can often provide a
Oji Palace Aoyama: 6-25. Minami Aoyama
6 Chome, Minato-Ku. Tokyo 407-1930/6821,
helpful assist.
582-2851

MPA
Member Audit Bureau
of Circulations
The publisher has no knowledge of any proprietary
rights which will be violated by the making or using of any
items disclosed in this issue.

4
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
[Link]
Get the news before it's news...
with a "behind -the -scenes" Scanner Radio from
Realistic scanners seek and lock -in on exciting police, fire and
emergency calls, even continuous weathercasts* There's one to
cover the "action" in your area -10 models in all.
Radio Shack!
PRO-6-VHF-Hi and VHF -Low
Continuously, automatically scans up to VHF H/-LO
4 crystal -controlled channels on 148-174
or 30-50 MHz. It stops on each active
® ® ® 0
channel until the conversation ends, then
resumes scanning. You don't miss a thing
-it's like 4 radios in one! Lighted channel
SCAN

#11# ANTENNA

!
indicators, switches for bypassing any

.
MANUAL
channels, scan/manual switch, variable
1
2 3 4
volume and squelch, built-in speaker and
antenna, earphone jack. With 4 "AA" cells.
Off
YOIUME
EARPHONE

SQUELCH
`
(011/
_
r
Requires up to 4 crystals. #20-171.
r- 1
PRO-5-UHF "Metro" Band
Same as the PRO -6, but covers 450-470
MHz now used in many larger cities. Re-
quires up to 4 crystals. #20-169.
Accessories Available. Plug-in antenna. POLICE
12VDC adapter or AC adapter/battery I -v ,
charger, nickel cadmium batteries.
.
_ -
'1' `

PLTLICE;.,j r,
Pocket Size,
11995 :... >~t '
Both Models each

FREE New 1975

Radio Shack Catalog
;; s,
r ...

OVER 2000 PRODUCTS WEATHER

EXCLUSIVES ON EVERY PAGE
BEAUTIFUL FULL COLOR FVHF
w 'On VHF Hi -Band. Stations not in all localities
I iañL -'r
Stereo Quadraphonic Phonographs Mme_

TV Antennas Radios Citizens Band

Kits Recorders Tape Tools
\ The PRO -16-a Super Scanner
for the ultimate at-home
VHF MARINE
Auto Tune-Up Electronic Parts or mobile listening post
Test Instruments More!
.07

©
164 pages of the finest in
home and hobby electronics
Respected brand names like -..J. -Iaa-! Qlc aa
Realistic, Micronta. Archer.
r
;
Science Fair - and they're
available only at Radio
Shack stores and dealers
nationwide' See what sreally
new in electronics by getting
22995 é if ' 3090309@ cxs

this catalog now

Scans up to 16 crystal -controlled channels, in any combination, on
30-50 and 148-174 MHz VHF and 450-470 MHz UHF. Like 16 radios
SEND FOR YOURS TODAY! in one! Lockout buttons and indicator lights for each channel, manual
FILL OUT COUPON BELOW selector, squelch, variable scan rate, scan -delay in/out button, 12
VDC/120 VAC operation, mobile mounting bracket. Requires up to
1975 Mail to Radio Shack. P. O. Box 1052. 479 16 crystals. U.L. listed. #20-165
Catalog Ft. Worth. Texas 76101. (Please print.)

Name Apt. No
SEAL/S17G
Street

City
Master Charge or
Bank Americard at
ftad uolhaeK
A TANDY CORPORATION COMPANY
State ZIP OVER 3000 STORES 50 STATES 7 COUNTRIES
participating stores Retail prices may vary at individual stores
L J
CIRCLE NO. 29 ON READER SERVICE CARD
FEBRUARY 1975 5

[Link]
 offered for tech reps is not all that hot
either.
1 BERNHARDT SANDLER
Gardena, Calif.

AND NOW A WORD FROM AN SWL

Letters am happy to see that the "Shortwave

I

Broadcasts to North America" schedules

are again being published quarterly in
POPULAR ELECTRONICS. However, there is
one criticism feel must make. The ex-
I I

perienced DX'er knows that stations

FEEDBACK ON SALT METER
periodically change their schedules of
operating frequencies-often without pre-
The data on sodium chloride content of vious notice. To help correct this fault, a
baby foods and other hypothetical intake simple note should be prominently placed
cited in the POPULAR ELECTRONICS article on the page to inform the reader that fre-
("An Electronic Salt Meter For Family quencies might be changed without
Health," October 1974) are not unreasona- notice.
ble, but they do not give an accurate or also question the use of a Collins re-
I

complete picture of the salt intake of in- ceiver in preparing this listing. After all,
fants. how many newcomers to SWL'ing have an
About 20 years ago, one of our physical expensive Collins? With the receivers
chemists designed and built conductance neophytes do have, they are lucky they can
meters for controlling salt addition in our
Discover your production operations. Although these
receive HCJB with good quality.
Kenneth Zichi, WDX8KWT
Alpha Brainwaves meters represented an advance at the time,
their use has been abandoned because
Bay City, Mich.

with this professional conductance is influenced by too many Your recommendation about a word of
food factors other than salt. Salt addition is
Biofeedback System. carefully controlled by weighing or accu-
caution on frequency changes is hereby
adoped. Thanks. With regard to the use of a
rate metering devices. The sodium levels in Collins receiver, the information is sup-
Lowest Cost Brainwave Monitor
Gerber Foods are determined by atomic plied simply as a frame of reference. Unless
EICO introduces a price breakthrough in absorption or electron emission methods one is seeking out a 5 -kW station, less
the fantastic new field of brainwave and have been published periodically for costly gear should display similar recep-
biofeedback... a completely safe, battery more than 20 years. tion quality. The antenna is only a simple
operated, biofeedback system that offers ROBERT A. STEWART, PH.D. end-fed Hertz type. If one can't receive
features and sensitivity comparable to Director of Research HCJB, which boasts one of the strongest
professional models costing much more. Gerber Products Company and cleanest signals, he must have a defec-
Fremont, Mich. tive receiver and/or antenna.
You Will Be Amazed At What You Hear
The BW-300 will detect your alpha PRO'S AND CON'S OF TECH REPPING ERRATUM
brainwaves (which occur when you are
totally relaxed) and produce a tone I enjoyed your article about tech reps A drafting error seems to have slipped
("Career Opportunities for the Tech Rep," into Fig. 2 of my "Photo Tachometer" story
varying in frequency according to your
November 1974). I feel it was a straightfor- (August 1974). For transistor Q2 (in Fig. 2),
mental state. ward and honest account of the profes- the S and G legends were shown trans-
100% Solid State Circuitry sion. Let me encourage anyone contem- posed. Most people who build this project
plating such a career-the future looks will correctly place the leads of Q2 in the
Reliable All Solid State IC Circuit Design
good. would suggest an associate degree
I
proper holes (they conform to the
features an active filter that isolates alpha in electronics or computer science for the transistor's lead basing configuration), but
brainwaves and a high -gain low -noise first-rate positions, as this would be a dis- we should clear up this confusion for any-
amplifier providing 5 -microvolt sensitivity tinct advantage over either military or trade one who may have doubts.
for easy alpha recognition. The BW-300 is school training, with the added plus of hav-
supplied with stethescopic earphones, ing college hours should further education A.A. MANGIERI
be desired. With "sheep -skin" in hand, you New Kensington, Pa.
electrodes headband,
can literally write your own ticket.
contact cream and KIT 3495 MICHAEL P. TOWERS
instructions. WIRED 59.95 Field Engineer
WHEN DOES $10 EQUAL $100?

Singer Aerospace & Marine Systems Ihave built the "Large -Port Speaker Sys-
FREE EICO CATALOG Binghamton, N.Y. tem" described in the August 1974 issue
For latest EICO Catalog on Test Instruments, and have only words of praise. This is not
Automotive and Hobby Electronics, Eicocraft I have just finished reading "Career Op- only the most unique speaker system that I

Project kits, Burglar-Fire Alarm Systems and portunities for the Tech Rep," and as a know of, but it is also the best sounding
name of nearest EICO Distributor, check reader former tech rep, my message to all is to stay system have heard next to $100 and $200
I

service card or send 500 for fast first class out of the business. Tech repping is a job systems with which compared it. Consid-
I
mail service. whose duration is only as long as the con- ering that my Large -Port Speaker System
EICO-283 Malta Street, Brooklyn, N.Y. 11207 tract you are on lasts. Your job experience cost only $10 to build, the results are re-
Leadership ill
creative electronics 7 J ICIÉ r
employment back in the U.S. -
will not be recognized when you look for
no matter
what your title was as a tech rep. The pay
markable.
SCOTT E. PERSSON
Omaha, Neb.
CIRCLE NO. 14 ON READER SERVICE CARD
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
[Link]
"ELECTRONICS AUSTRALIA" SCOOPS PE

In "Build a Laser TV System" (November

1974), it was claimed that POPULAR
ELECTRONICS published details of the
world's first hobbyist/experimenter's laser
in December 1969. beg to differ! We pub-
I

lished construction details for such a pro-

ject in our August 1969 issue and gave de-
tails of the modifications necessary to use THINK!
it for light -beam communications in our POWER FOR THE PROFESSIONAL
October 1969 issue. ECONOMY KITS FOR THE HOBBYIST
J. ROWE
A MODEL AND A PRICE FOR EVERYONE
Editor
ELECTRONICS AUSTRALIA
Sydney, Australia PROTO BOARD 203
Breadboard Prototesting with 5 Volt,
surprised to learn that we were
We were 1 AMP Regulated Power Supply included!

A total ready -to -use power breadboard

scooped on another continent back in
prototest device with a built-in regulated,
1969. Congratulations EA. short -proof power supply. Just plug-in and
start building! 2 extra floating 5 -way
binding posts for external signals. Self-
SETTING UP CB SERVICE SHOP
contained with power switch indicator lamp
and power fuse. 24-14 pin DIP capacity.
I enjoyed "How to Set Up a Home TV Attractive two-tone quality case. All metal
Service Shop" (August 1974). Now, would
$7 construction. 93/a"L x
I

like to see you publish an article on how to 61/2"W x 23/4"H. 5 lbs.

set up a home CB service shop. Order today!
BOB J. LATHIM Add $2.50 shipping/handling

Dwight, Ill.

DISCRETE IS BETTER THAN INTEGRATED

In Don Lancaster's article on selecting

an electronic music synthesizer (October
1974), our company was omitted from the
list of manufacturers. A modestly priced kit for the
There is one portion of the article to economy minded experimenter ...
which we would take exception. That is his
statement that present-day IC's will provide PROTO BOARD 100 110,

economies in future synthesizers. Our A low cost, big 10 IC capacity breadboard

engineering staff has yet to find an kit with all the quality of QT sockets and the
integrated circuit currently on the market best of the Proto Board series ..-. complete -at

(except for the 741 op amp) that will down to the last nut, bolt and screw. Includes
u
2 QT -35S Sockets; 1 QT-35B Bus Strip; 2
perform as well in EM circuits as do our 5 -way binding posts; 4 rubber feet;
discrete designs. We have been told by screws, nuts, bolts; and easy x
almost all our competitors that they have assembly instructions.
found the same thing in their research.

O. D. WILLIAMS
General Manager
19'5
Add 1.50
PROTO-CLIP
for Power -On,,
shipping/handling.
Hands -Off Signal
Steiner -Parker
Tracing. No more
Salt Lake City, Utah
shorting leads.
Costs less than ... If
9

$5
Bring ICleads from pc board for fast signal tracing and
troubleshooting. Inject signals. Wire Lnused circuits
411 into boards. Scope probes and test leads lock onto
- Dynagrip inset (see circle) for hands-off testing. Plastic
:5- construction eliminates springs, pivots. Non -corrosive
nickel/silver contacts for simultaneous

Out of Tune low resistance connections.

PC -14, 14 -pin Proto Clip, $4.50 ea.
PC -16, 16 -pin Proto Clip, $4.75 ea.
Add 75C shipping/handling.
Order today off -the -shelf from CSC
In "Measure Low Millivolts with a or local distributor. Charge: BAC,
Multimeter" (November 1974), capacitor
Cl is listed correctly as 3 pF in the Parts
MC, AX. Write for free catalog. Free
English/Metric Slide Rule with each
order. Dealer inquiries invited.
=MI= Continental Specialties Corp.
List, but is shown incorrectly as 33 pF in the Foreign orders add 15%. Box 1942, New Haven, CT 06509 203/624-3103
schematic. Resistor R10 is a 100,000 -ohm Patents Pending Made in USA W. Coast Off.: Box 7809, Francisco, CA 94119
S. 415/383-4207
fixed resistor, not a potentiometer. Prices subject to change Canada: Available thru Len Finkler Ltd., Ontario
CIRCLE NO. 9 ON READER SERVICE CARD 7
FEBRUARY 1975

[Link]
 Youetthesame
' 25"hó Ty-kit color
DAG.

different

7.,

You get
this designed-
for-lea. ng
25"color only
with '
8
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
[Link]
No other home -study school gives you a TV
like the one you build with NRI's Master More know-how
Course in Color TV/Audio servicing.
Some schools give you three or four plug-in
per dollar
That's what it all boils down to, the quality of training
sub -assemblies off the production line to you get for the money you spend. In our 60 -year history,
put together a commercial set. Others give more than a million students have come to NRI and
we're fully approved for career study under the G.I. Bill.
you a hobby -kit bought from outside We must be teaching something right.
sources. And because neither type was Some of those "right" things are bite -size lessons to
originally designed,to train people for ease understanding and speed learning ... personal
grading of all tests, with comments or explanations where
TV servicing, lessons and experiments must needed ... a full-time staff of engineer/instructors to
be "retro-fitted" to the set as it comes. help if you need it ... plenty of "real -life" kits and
That's why we went to the trouble to experiments to give you hands-on training ... and fully
professional programs oriented to full- or part-time
engineer our own, exclusive solid-state TV. career needs.
It's the only way a student can (1) -
get the feel of typical commercial 1
circuitry, (2) learn bench tech-
niques while building a com-
plete set from the "ground" up,
(3) perform over 25 "in -set"
experiments during construc-
tion, and (4) end up with a 25"
diagonal solid-state color TV
with console cabinet and all
the modern features you'll o
find on sets you'll service. ^
Nobody else can give you this
combination of advantages be-
cause nobody else invested the
time and money to design a set
with learning in mind.

Widest choice of
career opportunities
NRI offers not one, but five excellent TV/Audio
NRI passes the savings servicing courses so you can tailor your training to your
budget. Or, you can study other opportunity fields like
on to you Computer Electronics, Communications, Aircraft or
Marine Electronics, Mobile Radio, and more. Free
You don't pay a big premium to get this unique TV as catalog describes them all, showing lesson plans,
part of your training, because NRI engineering eliminates equipment and kits, and career opportunities. There's
the cost of buying from an outside source. And we pay no no obligation and no salesman will ever call, so send for
saleman's commission. We enroll students by mail only. your copy today. See for yourself why NRI experience,
We pass the savings along to you in the form of low selection, and exclusives give you something no other
tuition fees, extras like a cabinet for the TV, a solid-state school can.
radio you learn on as you build, and actual instrument If card is missing, write to:
kits for servicing TVs ... triggered sweep oscilloscope,
integrated circuit TV pattern generator, and 31 digit
digital multimeter. You can pay hundreds of dollars
more for a similar course and not get a nickel's worth
NRI
w/ 14 r
NRI SCHOOLS
McGraw-Hill Continuing Education Center
more in training and equipment. 3939 Wisconsin Avenue,
ICrike ¡Washington, D.C. 20016

FEBRUARY 1975 11

[Link]
 DYNASCAN RF SIGNAL GENERATOR

Dynascan announces introduction of the

B & K Model 2050 RF Signal Generator. The
unit is totally solid-state, and provides

LARGE -LARGE r .

New Products
DISCOUNTS Additional information on new products
°°°°°° i
covered in this section is available from
the manufacturers. Either circle the item's e°
Low - Low
PRICES
code number on the Reader Service Card
inside the back cover or write to the man-
ufacturer at the address given. = j é. c'
-1.4h

three outputs-r-f, 400 -Hz modulated r -f,

NATIONALLY and externally modulated r -f. Accuracy is
ADVERTISED STEREO EQUIPMENT
said to be 1.5% of dial setting. A combination
AT LOWEST PRICES!
PEARCE-SIMPSON COUGAR 23B
high-low switch, plus continuously vari-
TURNTABLES SPEAKERS' RECEIVERS TRANSCEIVER
AMPLIFIERS' TAPE RECORDERS able r -f output control provides up to 20 -dB
WRITE FOR QUOTE ON This mobile CB transceiver by Pearce - change in output level. Features include
NATIONALLY ADVERTISED BRANDS OF STEREO
Simpson features 23 -channel capability, zener-regulated power supply, FET oscil-
COMPONENTS. SATISFACTION
GUARANTEED! built-in SWR bridge, r -f noise blanker with lators, 41/2 -in. dial with anti -backlash drive,
manual override and a multi -purpose and shielded leads terminated with a
meter that indicates r -f output and acts as a banana plug and insulated clip. Measures
Q
receive/transmit indicator, S -meter, mod- 71/2" x 61/8" x 93/2" (19.1 x 15.6x 24.8 cm).
ulation monitor, and forward/reflected Price is $107.00
HI-FI WHOLESALERS
CIRCLE NO. 72 ON READER SERVICE CARD
P. 0. Box 809
Kankakee, Illinois 60901
(815)-939-7868 HEATHKIT EXHAUST GAS ANALYZER

With the new Heathkit CI -1080, persons

CIRCLE NO. 7 ON READER SERVICE CARD can check exhaust emissions of their own
cars, and adjust engine tuning for
minimum pollution levels and maximum
operating efficiency. The Exhaust Gas
Analyzer indicates air -fuel ratio, percent-
Now the most
age of carbon monoxide present, and rela-
enjoyable, power meter. Other features are a high -Q tive combstion efficiency of four-cycle au-
do-it-yourself ceramic filter, PA capability, squelch, re- tomotive engines. Color -coded battery
ceiver offset tuning, and noise limiter. clips attach to any 6- or 12 -volt auto battery.
project of your
Specifications include 5 watts input power A flexible stainless steel tubing directs ex-
life- a Schober Electronic Organ! and a rated sensitivity of 0.5 µV for 10 dB haust gas from the tailpipe to the sensor.
You'll never reap greater reward, more fun S+N/N. A noise -cancelling dynamic mi- The kit is mail-order priced at $59.95.
and proud accomplishment, more benefit
for the whole family, than by assembling crophone is included with the rig. It mea- CIRCLE NO. 5 ON READER SERVICE CARD
your own Schober Electronic Organ. sures 67/e" x 23/15' x 91/4" (17.3 cm x 5.5 cm
You need no knowledge of electronics,
woodwork or music. Schober's complete kits
x 23.2 cm) and operates from a 13.8-V posi-
and crystal-clear instructions show you - tive or negative ground source. CASTLE MASTER TUNER SUBBER
whoever you are, whatever your skill (or
lack of it) - how to turn the hundreds of CIRCLE NO. 70 ON READER SERVICE CARD The Master Subber Mark V is the latest ad-
quality parts into one of the world's most dition to Castle's line of instruments for TV
beautiful, most musical organs, worth up to
twice the cost of the kit. BLONDER -TONGUE FM ANTENNAS
service technicians. It is a signal -
Five superb models, with kit prices from substitution type of analyzer that can be
$575 to around $2,300, each an authentic Two new antennas for the FM broadcast used to test all signal stages of color and
musical instrument actually superior to most
you see in stores. band have been introduced by Blonder - monochrome TV receivers. Substitution
Join the thousands of Schober Organ Tongue. Both the eight -dipole Stereo -8 signals allow tests of: vhf tuner, uhf tuner,
builder-owners who live in every state of the and the five -dipole Stereo -5 are log - video -f amplifiers, video detectors, video
i
Union. Often starting without technical or
music skills, they have the time of their lives periodic designs whose dipole elements amplifier, 4.5 -MHz sound -f amplifier,
i

-first assembling, then learning to play the operate in the half -wave mode. This design sound limiter, sound detector, audio am-
modern King of Instruments through our is said to provide good gain and directivity
superlative instructions and playing courses. plifier. A loudspeaker, video -carrier level
Get the full story FREE by mailing the and an impedance that is essentially uni- meter, and telescoping antenna are in-
coupon TODAY for the big Schober color form across the band. The Stereo -5 has a cluded with the subber. The unit can be
catalog, with all the fascinating details!
claimed average gain of 4 dB across the operated from the 117 -volt ac line or from
The 92clteá~Organ Corp., Dept. PE -58 band, 16 -dB front -to -back ratio, and 70° its internal 9 -volt alkaline battery supply.
43 West 61st Street, New York, N. Y. 10023 horizontal beamwidth. The respective fig- CIRCLE NO. 73 ON READER SERVICE CARD
Please send me Schober Organ Catalog. ures for the Stereo -8 are 6.5 dB, 26 dB, and
Enclosed please find $1.00 for 12 -inch L.P. 60°. For rotor -equipped installations, the
record of Schober Organ music. BURWEN NOISE FILTER
turning radii are 52 in. (1.32 m) for the
NAMF Stereo -5 and 65 in. (1.65 m) for the The Burwen Model DNF 1200 is a dynamic
ADDRESS Stereo -8. The respective retail prices are noise filter that is compatible with any
CITY STATE ZIP $27.28 and $40.29. program source. Thus, it does not require
CIRCLE NO. 31 ON READER SERVICE CARD
CIRCLE NO. 71 ON READER SERVICE CARD encoded program sources. Employing afil-
12 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
[Link]
ter whose bandwidth is varied according to input/output balance adjustments, front -
the spectral content of the program mate- panel pushbutton selectors, separate
rial, the filter attenuates the high - equalized zero -gain controls with a range
frequency content when the program level of +6 to -12 dB and ±12-dB response
is low-when the noise is most noticeable. adjustments for each octave. The RP2212
At other times, the spectral configuration is packaged in a walnut -grained vinyl case.
of the program material is not disturbed Price is $349.50.
since the level of the signal is sufficient to CIRCLE NO. 75 ON READER SERVICE CARD
mask the noise. The threshold at which
dynamic filtering is engaged is determined
ASCOM MULTITESTER FOR VHF
by a sensitivity control. Switches are pro-
vided for program source selection, Ascom Electronic Products has introduced _---=-------..._`
switching the filter in and out of the signal a new multitester for use with vhf com-
path, and for power. A slide control is used munications systems. The Model ---------=---

for setting the filter's threshold. Two LED's AMSR100 tester is useful for monitoring
monitor the activity of the filter: dynamic transmitter and antenna operation over a c

filtering (suppression) and unaltered spec- frequency range of 144 to 174 MHz (con-
tral balance (Wide Band). The noise filter is tains vhf marine band, land mobile chan-
claimed to produce only 0.2 percent har- nels, and 2 -meter amateur band). The in-
monic distortion. strument functions as a wattmeter, field -
CIRCLE NO. 74 ON READER SERVICE CARD strength meter, and VSWR indicator. It has
0-25- and 0 -50 -watt power ranges. Trans-
mitter output power is read directly on
SOUNDCRAFTSMEN TAPE either scale with a claimed ±8 -percent ac-
RECORD/PLAYBACK EQUALIZER curacy. VSWR is measured, with meter
The Model RP 2212 stereo 10 -octave calibration from 1:1 to 3:1. Using this func-
equalizer allows the owner of a hi-fi system tion, antenna adjustments and matching
to introduce flexible audio response with-
network operations can be checked. To
monitor overall system operation and an-
out loss of tape -monitoring facilities when
tenna directivity characteristics, the field -
strength meter is used. Price is $69.95.
CIRCLE NO. 76 ON READER SERVICE CARD

rt1'Tf.!
a __,
[Link]'iTTTTTrr KENWOOD DOLBYIZED CASSETTE DECKS

Kenwood has introduced two new high-

performance cassette decks with Dolby
noise reduction. The decks, KX-910 and Straight talk
only one set of jacks is available for patch- KX-710, boast a number of special features,
ing purposes. In addition to extra outputs
for tape recording and playback, the
including a high -torque motor, belt -driven
large (90 mm) flywheel, and precision -
about a ftyluf
equalizer features LED indicators for machined capstan. Flutter and wow is
You can still hear some audiophiles refer to the
It
record stylus as ... "the needle." The fact is that
the stylus of today bears no more resemblance to
a needle than it does to a ten -penny nail. In fact,
D 0 D0000
DOD
a Shure stylus is probably the most skillfully as-
ODD 000 00 00 00
sembled, critically important and carefully tested
ÓOD00g Ú000 D00
DDD Ó component in any high fidelity system. It must

-
D
DDD
maintain flawless contact with the undulating
walls of the record groove at the whisper -
mL weight tracking forces required to preserve the
fidelity of your records. We put everything we

-
know into Shure Stereo Dynetic Stylus Assemblies
and we tell all about it in an informative book-
let. For your copy, write:

Shure Brothers Inc.

222 Hartrey Ave., Evanston, III. 60204
In Canada: A. C. Simmonds & Sons Limited

''.,H'
RE.

CIRCLE NO. 32 ON READER SERVICE CARD

FEBRUARY 1975
[Link]
 three-way meter for indicating signal

SAVE!
MONEY TIME FREIGHT
strength, output power and battery condi-
tion. Includes a jack for use with an op-
tional external microphone/speaker. The
transmitter can be run at full legal power
QUALITY STEREO EQUIPMENT input or in a "battery saver" 2.5 -watt input
AT LOWEST PRICES. mode. It operates on 12-V dc penlight cells
YOUR REQUEST
(dry -cells or nickle-cadmium), ac adapter,
FOR QUOTA-
k TION RETURNED SAME DAY, or auto cable. $190.95.
FACTORY SEALED CARTONS- CIRCLE NO. 79 ON READER SERVICE CARD
GUARANTEED AND INSURED.
SAVE ON NAME BRANDS LIKE: specified as 0.1%. Use of a special ferrite FLUKE MULTI -FUNCTION
A.D.C. KLH head extends high -frequency response to FREQUENCY COUNTER
A.R. SHURE 16 kHz. Automatic tape selector and Auto The John Fluke Co.'s new Model 1900A
DYNACO KOSS Memory, an Automatic Level Control, and frequency counter has an upper limit of 80
SONY FISHER LED peak -level indicators add to operating MHz, and contains autoranging and au-
AND MORE THAN 50 OTHERS flexibility and performance. toreset functions. Autoreset controls all
BUY THE MODERN WAY
CIRCLE NO. 77 ON READER SERVICE CARD functions and gate times, and autoranging
is available in both the frequency and
BY MAIL-FROM period measurement modes. The 1900A
GLENBURN RECORD CHANGER

A new record changer, the Model 351, has

been introduced by the Glenburn Corp. A
wide umbrella spindle has been incorpo-

Milo audio
rated into the unit to correct double record
drop, record hang-ups and unbalanced -
record slanting tendencies. Other features
Department 217S
12 East Delaware
1
Chicago, Illinois 60611
uses advanced LSI/MOS circuitry, has four
312-664-0020 over-riding gate times for manual selection
CIRCLE NO. 17 ON READER SERVICE CARD of resolution down to 0.1 Hz. The frequency
counter can also be used to totalize, with
event counting up to 106 events. Results
are displayed on six LED digits with leading
Attention zero suppression, automatic annunciation
and overflow. A switchable 1 -MHz low-pass
Electronic filter and attenuator are included. Sensitiv-
ity is 25 mV, and dynamic range is 5 Hz to 80
Technicians! include bi-directional viscous -damped
cueing, slide -in cartridge adapter, dual
MHz. An optional rechargeable internal
battery pack is available. $349.
anti -skating scales, gravity stylus pressure CIRCLE NO. 80 ON READER SERVICE CARD
-- SCHOOLING adjustment, and a four-pole synchronous
of EXCELLENCE motor. The unit is equipped with a Shure
M91E elliptical stylus. Price is $160. SOLDERING IRON TIP CLEANER
in ELECTRONICS CIRCLE NO. 78 ON READER SERVICE CARD The RE -TIP (No. 9482) from GC Electronics
ENGINEERING is designed to instantly clean any contam-
If you have adequate schooling and experience ADD-ON FOAM SPEAKER GRILLES "IP""="n,;i1,
at the technician level you may be able to qualify
to enter our college -level Home Study Program in
Electronics Engineering. The CIEE Program is Do-it-yourself speaker grille kits with
OUTSTANDING, and up-to-date in every respect. sculptured -foam speaker material are of-
CIEE is a forward -looking school, and Engineer-
ing is taught on the basis of application and fered by Republic Systems. This flexible
understanding rather than on the basis of mem-
orization. All lesson material and texts are urethane foam can be sprayed with latex
thorough and easy -to -understand. Through this
Highly Effective Home Study Program in Elec- paint if the standard black color is not suit-
tronics Engineering you can raise your status able to the user's decor, and cut with scis-
and pay to the Engineering level. No residence
classes required for those who qualify. If you are sors for a custom fit. Foam is available in 8"
an electronics technician with above -average am-
bition, and not wiling to settle for anything less x 15" (20.3 x 38.1 cm) and 14" x 24" (35.6 is
than the best home study Engineering Schooling
available anywhere, then you should write TO- 61 cm) sizes. Each kit contains sculptured
DAY for our free revealing descriptive literature. foam grille, self -sticking attachment mate-
There is no obligation, and no salesman will call
on you. rial, and instructions. Address: Republic
Systems Corp., 9160 Green St., Chicago,
COOK'SINSTITUTE IL. 60620.

o/ acironicj engineering inants or excess solder from iron and pen-

MIDLAND 23 -CHANNEL cil tips. It accommodates tips up to 1/4 -inch
Raymond Road HAND-HELD CB RIG
P. 0. Eton 10634 diameter. The tip cleaner has a self-
Jackson, Mess. 39209 Midland Electronics' Model 13-796 is a adhesive bottom for workbench installa-
Established 1945 23 -channel, hand-held transceiver with 5 tion. A refill cartridge, catalog No. 9484, is
Formerly Cook's School of Electronics watts input power. The dual -conversion also available.
CIRCLE NO. 10 ON READER SERVICE CARD superhet receiver includes agc and a CIRCLE NO. 81 ON READER SERVICE CARD
14
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
[Link]
 if yóu,rebeer

you'reoff the
;
`

;what
next -great step MO will be...
.
,

;
, -
J
i
-

Messenger 130 ....so rádicálly new in

design and performance that citizens band.
radio will never be the same again. Inside This prestigious
"radiotelephone" package -is a unique all -solid-state chassis
that provides unparalleled operating advaitages, Fronn
handset reception clarity... to automatic speaker
silencing for private listening... this is truly an innovation
in CB mobile radio performance. An innovatión that's
available only from your E. F. Johnson dealeL

Messenger°-130
CB mobile radio will never be the same 61 coin.

HANDSET CLARITY... Y POWERFUL. ALL SOUDSTATE FLALT-IN PA FUNCTION... I IIVERSAL MOUNTING...

PRIVATE LISTENING OPTION 9 -CHANNEL CIRCUITRY ¡- EXTERNAL WAXER FUNGI ON TRANSMISSION HUMP,
1 LE -S YOU HEAR CALL - LNDER DASH, OVERHEAD
4 OUTSIDE VEHICLE _

_ _

=-

#154, .

E. F
-Waseca, Minnesota 56093
L:nsoñ
Co.
Excellence through half a century of experience.

CIRCLE NO. 23 ON READER SERVICE CARD

FEBRUARY 1975
[Link]
 The"NEW LOOK"
ee
1975
devices is now available from Eico. The
publication includes a large selection of
oscilloscopes, VTVM's, FET VOM's, signal
tracers, signal injectors, bridges, grid dip
meters, automotive engine analyzers, and,
battery eliminators/inverters. Accessories
such as test probes, and carrying cases are
also listed. In all, more than 100 electronic

LAFAYETTE
New Literature kits and factory -assembled units are de-
scribed. Address: Eico Electronic Instru-
ment Co., Inc., 283 Malta St., Brooklyn, NY
Radio Electronics 11207.
EDSYN SOLDERING TRAINING MANUAL
CATALOG A new EDMUND SCIENTIFIC CATALOG
training manual for soldering tech-
niques has been prepared by the Edsyn The latest in items that conserve energy,
catalog no. 750
1975 electronics Company, a manufacturer of soldering save money, plus things that are unusual or
tools. Using the Fanovisiontr" method (flip- just plain fun are crammed into Edmund
Lafayette Ir.,
Listen lo us,you
cant go wrong.
ping the pages creates a nickelodeon ef-
fect), correct soldering practices are illus-
Scientific's Catalog No. 751, Over 300 new
products and a total of 4500 items are in-
trated, supplemented by text. Also in- cluded in the 164 -page publication. Pro-
cluded in the 144 -page publication are ducts include devices for reclaiming chim-
Color codes for resistors, Ohm's law, ney heat, brain -wave monitoring, metal de-
Series and Parallel Resistance tables, and tection and Kirlian photography, as well as
inch/millimeter conversion tables. Avail- Edmund's well-known line of telescopes.
able at participating dealers for $7.95, or Address: Edmund Scientific Co., 555 Eds-
free with a $7.95 or more purchase. corp.. Bldg., Barrington, NJ 08007.

NATIONAL LED DRIVER SELECTION GUIDE SPRAGUE INTEGRATED CIRCUIT GUIDE

National Semiconductor offers a short - Sprague Electronic's Semiconductor Divi-

form device summary to designers in sion has published a guide to its line of
The ONLY Nationally Distrib- selecting LED drivers. The LED Driver "ion -implanted" integrated circuits, de -
uted Full -line Catalog with a Selection Guide lists 23 National driver
Major Showing of the Newest singed for application in the audio, radio,
types. Organized as a four-unit matrix, the
NAME -BRAND electronics
products for 1975. guide has rows for common anode and
common cathode configurations, and col-
many functions -
and TV fields. IC's are offered to implement
from chroma demod-

)FREE( umns for segment and digit drivers. Thus

ulators and oscillators, TV sound systems,
to stereo decoders for FM receivers and
SEND TODAY the user can tell at a glance exactly which
LED driver is needed. Available from Mar-
audio amplifiers and preamplifiers. In-
cludes "quick selector" and cross-
keting Services, National Semiconductor reference tables. Address: Sprague Elec-
SAVE on exclusive Lafayette Corp., 2900 Semiconductor Drive, Santa tric Co., 115 Northeast Cutoff, Worcester,
Products plus MAJOR BRANDS Clara, CA 95051. MA 01606.
Stereo and 4 -Channel Systems Tape
Equipment Car Stereo CB and Ham
Gear Police/Public Service. Receivers PACE COMMUNICATIONS CATALOG
SWITCHCRAFT SHORT -FORM CATALOG
Antennas Cameras TV PA and Test
Equipment Musical Instruments and A new four-color, full -line catalog from Switchcraft, Inc. announces the publica-
Amplifiers Books Electronic Calcula-
tors Security Systems PLUS PARTS, Pace Communications, displays its equip- tion of its 1974/75 Short -Form Catalog.
TUBES, BATTERIES, HARDWARE, MORE!
ment for CB, Marine, Scanning Monitor, Contains more than 4000 product listings,
and Business/Industry Communications. with a special alphabetical/numerical
Lafayette
Listen to us, you
Each unit is illustrated, described, and
specifications and available accessories
index. The'42-page booklet provides pro-
duct data and prices of major Switchcraft
are listed. Available from Pace Communi- product lines, including telephone jacks,
can't go wrong. cations, 24049 S. Frampton Avenue, Har- plugs, switches, connectors, molded cable

roimazziam ~im--w Dept. 35025 ig

bor City, CA 90710.

FORDHAM SERVICEMAN/TECHNICIAN CATALOG

assemblies, and audio accessories. Avail-
able from Switchcraft, Inc., 5555 No. Elston
Ave., Chicago, II. 60630.
Lafayette Radio Electronics
111 Jericho Tpke., Syosset, L.I., N.Y. 11791 , A new 48 -page, illustrated discount mail-
order catalog is available from the Ford - HEATH/SCHLUMBERGER INSTRUMENTS CATALOG
Send me your FREE 1975 Catalog ham Radio Supply Company. This catalog Test instruments for the advanced elec-
Name Apt. has been designed as a quick reference tronics experimenter, engineer, and scien-
Street ordering guide for Radio/TV Servicemen, tist are listed and fully described in the
Electronic Technicians, and Hobbyists. In- latest Heath/Schlumberger catalog. Fea-
City State
cluded are tools, repair kits, tubes, test tured are such instruments as fre-
Zip equipment, phono cartridges, speakers quency/events counters, oscilloscopes,
Send a 1975 Catalog to my friend and mikes, antennas, and components. multimeters (both digital and analog),
Available from Fordham Radio Supply, 558 signal generators, substitution boxes, etc.
Name Apt.
Morris Avenue, Bronx, N.Y. 10451. For the engineering and science labs, there
Street
are chart recorders and accessories, an
City State analog/digital designer breadboarding
EICO TEST EQUIPMENT CATALOG
Zip system, plug-in circuit cards, and pH me-
1411 zummaimmeamed
CIRCLE NO. 21 ON READER SERVICE CARD
A 6 -page condensed catalog featuring a
broad line of electronic test and measuring
ters. Address: Heath/Schlumberger Instru-
ments, Benton Harbor, MI 49022.
16
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
[Link]
 the regulator, and attach the leads to
. them. Connect a 5-ohm, -watt resis-
1

l tor and a 0.002-µF capacitor in series

from the regulator's field terminal to
. ground. Generator leads to the reg-

. Hobby Scene ulator should be well shielded. If inter-

ference is still a problem, install a
0.5-µF bypass capacitor from the bat-
tery terminal of the ignition coil to
ground, and/or a 0.1-µF coaxial feed -
through capacitor to the coil's battery
BEAT OSCILLATOR FOR CODE the 20,000 -ohm potentiometer for the
terminal, attaching the battery lead to
Q. I have an excellent AM -FM -
desired level. The coil shown is for a
the capacitor's top post. That should
455 -kHz -f.
Shortwave receiver that I would like i

take care of any interference prob-

to use to help me learn Morse code. lems. It is not unusual for a solid-state
CDI INTERFERENCE
How could I arrange a low-cost beat radio to produce audible interference
oscillator to use with my set? Q. I have installed a CDI system in
at the speaker when power is off, be-
my 1967 VW Bug and have the typical

.
cause a transistor junction can rectify
problem of ignition interference with an r -f signal even when not supplied
+15/20V
my AM radio (Sapphire V). I've with operating voltage.
390pF shielded all CDI leads, the ignition
ULTRASONIC INSECT REPELLER
_L_ coil, and installed "Mag Wire." The
1160pF
noise is the distinct sound of the unit's Q. I live in an area where the mos-
HEP725
multivibrator, which varies with en- quitoes are ferocious. Could you
gine speed, and seems to come show me a simple circuit for an ul-
through the speaker even when the trasonic insect repeller. I have seen
radio is off. Any suggestions?-R. them advertised and would like to
Schweder, La Habra, Cal. construct one. P.S. Where can I get a
4.7K 20K4
I(
OUTPUT 1N3716 tunnel diode?-M. Rehorst,
.59F Cudahy, Wis.
A. CDI systems do not use variable -
frequency multivibrators, but run at a A. See "Electronic Pest Control," a
fixed frequency set by an RC combina- construction project in POPULAR
tion. You must be hearing something ELECTRONICS July 1972. The tunnél
A. The circuit shown here can be else. More likely the voltage regulator, diode is listed in the Newark Elec-
added to your receiver either at the the generator, or the ignition coil is the tronics catalog. Nearest branch is at
antenna, the -f strip, or the detector.
i trouble source. Add 0.5-µF feed - 3695 No. 126th Street, Brookfield,
Adjust the 10,000 -ohm potentiometer through (coaxial) capacitors to the Wis., 53005. (414) 781-2450. However,
for maximum output amplitude and armature and battery connectors on a $25 minimum order must be sent.

SQUARE WAVES FROM SINE WAVES driven from the sine -wave source. Al- 100 kHz. It requires a drive of about 2
though the square waves will be clean, volts.
Q. I have a decent solid-state sine -
wave generator that I use quite often. they will be at half the dial frequency. Another reader asked the same
Is there a simple circuit that can use 1
(The flip-flop divides by two.) You can question, but he was also concerned
with the generator to get clean also use a TTL Schmitt trigger; or, you with the loading of the square-wave
square waves? The circuit should be can use the simple circuit shown here. converter on his audio generator. The
small enough to mount within the Any decent silicon switching transis- second circuit shows a high -input -
present case. tors can be used. Set the potentiome- impedance Schmitt trigger using a
ter for the desired symmetry. Once ad- MOS front end. Because of the high
A. There are several approaches to justed, this potentiometer should not input impedance, the circuit should
this problem. You can use a low-cost have to be reset. The circuit will cover not load the generator. The trip point
TTL flip-flop (with a +5 -volt supply) the audio range from about 10 Hz to is between 3 and 3.5 volts.
+10V

+10V

K
OUTPUT

- -OUTPUT

INPUT -^M/s~
3.3K IN -
AJ2Vrms

IM $IK

--1
FEBRUARY 1975 17

[Link]
 ..
i

a 1

CIE5:1l
help u ge
t ie li nse .
r
(7¡
1111
t:i1111~.11111iWiTi'iaL
44i11144#0i74145.0Mtau

rea.~[Link]úww1wx10».

y un

't

'1 ,

411

- ..,.q,,;. r
. `

a R'
<0'

` r
i
4
.
Yyslr
'4' .4
.
[Link]
 A Government FCC License can may have considered "complicated"... even if you've
had trouble studying in the past.
help you qualify for an exciting,
rewarding career in ELECTRONICS, CIE Grads get licenses ... better jobs
the Science of the Seventies. The value of CIE training has been demonstrated
time and again by the achievements of our thousands
Read how you can prepare for of successful students and graduates.
the license exam at home in your
-
spare time with a passing grade
assured or your money back.
An outstanding example is Ed Dulaney of Scotts-
bluff, Nebraska. He passed his 1st Class FCC License
exam soon after completing his CIE course. Today,
he owns two companies ... one to manufacture and
distribute two-way radio equipment, the other to main-
IF YOU'RE OUT TO BAG A BETTER JOB in Electronics, tain and repair such equipment along with home radio,
you'd better have a Government FCC License. TV and stereo sets. He says: "In the last three years
It will help you track down the choicest, best -paying we sold more than $1,500,000 worth of equipment
jobs in the growing field of Electronics. through dealers in every state plus Canada, South
Demand for people with technical skills is growing America and Europe."
twice as fast as any other group, while jobs for the Richard Kihn, Anahuac, Texas, worked in the
untrained are rapidly disappearing. Right now there engine room of a tugboat when he started his CIE
are thousands of new openings every year for elec- training. He reports, "Before finishing, I got my FCC
tronics specialists. And you don't need a college License and landed a job as broadcast engineer at
education to qualify! KFDM-TV in Beaumont, Texas. I was able to work,
But you do need knowledge, knowledge of elec- complete my CIE course and get two raises ... all in
tronics fundamentals. And there is only one nation- the first year of my new career in broadcasting."
ally accepted method of measuring this knowledge
... the licensing program of the FCC (Federal Com- Send for FREE books
munications Commission). If you'd like a chance to succeed like these men, send
Why a license is important for our FREE book, "How To Get A Commercial
An FCC License is a legal requirement if you want FCC License." It tells you all about the FCC License
to become a Broadcast Engineer, or get into servic- ... requirements for getting one ... types of licenses
ing any other kind of transmitting equipment two- - available ... how the exams are organized and what
kind of questions are asked ... where and when the
way mobile radios, microwave relay links, radar, etc.
And even when it's not legally required, a license exams are held, and more.
proves to the world that you understand the principles With it, you will also receive a second FREE book,
"Succeed in Electronics." For your convenience, we
involved in any electronic device. Thus, an FCC will try to have a representative call. Send for both
"ticket" can open the doors to thousands of exciting, books today.
high -paying jobs in communications, radio and TV
broadcasting, the aerospace program, industrial auto-
mation, and many other areas. APPROVED UNDER G. I. BILL
So why doesn't everyone who wants a good job in All CIE career courses are approved for education-
Electronics get an FCC License? al benefits under the G.I. Bill. If you are a Veteran
It's not that simple. You must pass a Government or in service now, check box for G.I. Bill
licensing exam. A good way to prepare for your FCC information.
exam is to take a licensing course from Cleveland
Institute of Electronics.
Our training is so effective that, in a recent survey CIECleveland Institute
of 787 CIE graduates, better than 9 out of 10 CIE of Electronics, Inc.
grads passed the Government FCC License exam.
1776 East 17th Street, Cleveland, Ohio 44114
That's why we can offer this famous Money -Back Accredited Member National Home Study Council
Warranty: when you complete any CIE licensing
course, you'll be able to pass your FCC exam or be r
entitled to a full refund of. all tuition paid. This war- Cleveland Institute of Electronics, Inc.
ranty is valid during the completion time allowed for 1776 East 17th Street, Cleveland, Ohio 44114
your course. You get your FCC License or your - Please send me your two FREE books:
money back! 1. Your book on "How To Get A Commercial FCC
And with CIE, you learn at home in your spare License."
time. With AUTO -PROGRAMMED® Lessons, you'll 2. Your school catalog, "Succeed in Electronics."
pick up the facts, figures and electronics theories you I am especially interested in:
Electronics Technology Electronic Communications
Broadcast Engineering Industrial Electronics
First Class FCC License ['Electronics Engineering
CIE HAS CAREER COURSES Electronics Technology with Laboratory
TO FIT YOUR BACKGROUND Name
(PLEASE PRINT)
ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY with LABORATORY
teaches you the fundamentals. With a 161 -piece labo-
. Address
ratory you apply the principles you learn by analyzing and
trouble -shooting electronics equipment. City
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING ... A college -level
course for men already working in Electronics. Covers State Zip Age
steady-state and transient network theory, solid-state Veterans and Servicemen:
physics and circuitry, pulse techniques, computer logic Check here for G.I. Bill information.
PE -75

and mathematics through calculus. L -J

FEBRUARY 1975 CIRCLE NO. 6 ON READER SERVICE CARD 21

[Link]
 they should all be positioned properly
relative to one another. The azimuth
adjustment-getting the record and
playback head gaps precisely perpen-
dicular to the edge of the passing

11 Stereo Scene tape-has been well publicized be-

cause it is critical for extended high -
frequency response. However, there
are other alignment factors (Fig. 1)
that can affect audible performance
By Ralph Hodges much more. The height adjustment,
for example, which determines how
TAPE HEAD ALIGNMENT
accurately the playback and erase
heads line up with the tracks the re-
it comes to aligning
WHEN system, changing the reference point. cord head laysdown, isvital for a good
tape recorders, favor the I Finally, the reference -recording test is signal-to-noise ratio, and can even af-
support -your -factory -serviceman not at all diagnostic; you may hear that fect the drop -out rate. The same is true
approach. A practiced technician with something is wrong, but you won't of the tilt adjustment.
a bench equipped for alignment can necessarily know what. Clearly it As a preliminary check on align-
make short work of even a compli- would be good to have some addi- ment, put a reel of tape on the machine
cated machine; but an untrained tional techniques for isolating specific and record a 1,000 -Hz tone from your
amateur taking his first crack at the problems. audio generator on both channels,
job is almost certain to find it tedious The alignment of a tape recorder re- watching the recorder's output on a
and outrageously time consuming. So fers to both electrical and mechanical scope. Use a fresh reel of good tape
there's no disgrace, as see it, in sav- I
adjustments, and these affect its for this, since any deformation of the
ing the alignment (and other routine frequency response (particularly tape edges will grossly influence re-
chores of maintenance) for a periodic high -frequency response), signal-to- sults. It's also a good idea, in this and
factory return, where your machine noise ratio, distortion, and drop -out subsequent tests, to run through the
can be fussed over by capable and rate (drop -outs are brief signal losses reel at least once beforehand at nor-
sympathetic hands. caused by imperfect tape -to -head mal playing speed, so that the ma-
But how do you know when your contact): Many of the adjustments are chine has had a chance to wind the
recorder needs such care? And worse, interdependent. Therefore; if you ever tape the way it normally does on the
once it's given, how do you know it feel ambitious enough to make one, take-up reel. Do not use a fast-wound
was administered properly, or that it you may find yourself forced to make tape for this test and watch out for any
survived the trip back to your local all the rest. rubbing of the tape on the reel flanges.
freight depot, the ride home in the This is precisely what you're trying Set the scope for a slow sweep so
trunk of the car, or the fall from the to avoid. So the idea behind recorder that you can observe the envelope of
coffee table that took place several check-ups at home is to find out as the signal rather than individual cy-
days later? much as possible about what's right cles. As you switch the scope from one
Many experts suggest that, as a and wrong with the machine without channel to the other, small differences
check on the day-to-day health of your disturbing any of its adjustments too in level will be readily apparent, and
recorder, you make and save a refer- much. This is not easy, assure you, I you'll also see drop -outs as momen-
ence recording (a dubbing of a pho- but there are ways. tary gashes in the envelope. The ideal
nograph record, for example), and is for both channels to be equal in level
assure yourself periodically that the Mechanical Alignment. This refers and drop -out severity-an achievable
machine is still capable of recording to the orientation of the tape heads goal for a half-track machine, but not
the same disc with equal fidelity. This relative to the tape passing over their always for a quarter-track recorder,
is actually a fairly sensitive test. But faces. Not only should each head be which may have a consistently poorer
some people are reluctant to trust positioned properly, but, since most left channel.
their ears that far, and others will have serious recordists' tape recorders The level difference between the
long since updated their phono car- have at least three interdependent two channels should be well within
tridges or other components in the heads (erase, record, and playback), one decibel. Otherwise, some electri-

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIINIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

A C
Fig. An azimuth error, as indicated at (A) is a common cause of losses at the extreme
1.
high frequencies. A height error is shown at (B), with the head gaps missing the tracks
somewhat. At (C) is a tilt error. All illustrations are exaggerated for clarity.
22
POPULAR ELECTRONICS

[Link]
 the responsible head will have a patch 3M's Plastiform Magnetic Viewer Type
that is larger in area. (As a general rule, BX-1022. With this device, the fluid is
you can expect patches of equal size contained in a thin -wall plastic case
on the record and playback heads of a that is placed directly on the tape sur-
m properly aligned machine.) face. One drawback, according to a
On a brand new recorder, or an 3M spokesman, is that the case's seal,
especially old one, the contact critically thin to ensure adequate sen-
patches may be roughly rectangular, sitivity, must be maintained by storage
but irregular in shape or even streaky. in a moist environment (such as a
Fig. 2. A tilt error produces a
In the new machine's case, this is sponge in the viewer's box). Order
trapezoidal wear pattern on the head.
Correct pattern is at left. caused by a slight roughness of the from 3M Industrial Electrical Products
head faces that will disappear after a Div., P.O. Box 33365, 3M Center, St.
cal portions of the machine-meters, few reels of tape have polished them Paul, MN 55101. Price is $24.95 plus 75
or recording or playback electronics down. With an older machine, it may cents for postage.
-are miscalibrated, or there is a tilt indicate severe and uneven head For a half-track machine with both
problem with one of the heads. If, on a wear. channels of the tape recorded, a
quarter -track machine, the right A tilt misalignment may be respon- height misalignment of the record
channel is lower in level (and all other sible for an error in height, since the head exists if the guard band between
possible causes have been elimi- tilt can bow the tape away from its tracks is not perfectly centered on the
nated), the trouble is very likely tilt, proper path, or even cause it to "ride tape (Fig. 3). A quarter -track tape,
which causes the top edge of the tape up" on the angled head surface. Con- which should be recorded on both
to press closer to a head than the bot- versely, if the machine was originally channels in both directions, shows a
tom. A tilt error should also produce aligned with a tilted head, correcting record -head height error when all
more drop -outs on the weaker chan- the condition may cause a height error three guard bands are not of the same
nel. to appear. You can readily appreciate width. A too -wide center guard band
A height misalignment is less likely from this how head alignment tends to means the head is too low, which may
to show up as a level difference bet- be an "all or nothing" task. actually give acceptable performance
ween channels. What can happen, After you've completed the magic as long as the tracks don't touch or
however, is a high drop -out rate on the marker test, clean the heads accord- overlap. A too -narrow center band in-
left channel of a quarter -track ing to the manufacturer's recommen- dicates a high head, which risks
machine, usually caused by a record dations and, since it's probably not a drop -outs of the tracks near the edge
or playback head that is too low (and good idea to reuse it, snip off and dis- of the tape. (If your recorder is a
therefore recording or playing right on card the length of tape used to de- four -channel machine, you'll find this
the upper edge of the tape, which is velop the contact patch. test easier to interpret if you record
the most irregular part). only me two front channels, in both
Looking at the Recording. When directions.)
The Magic Marker Test. To get an you suspect a height problem, the first So much for the record head. If it
idea of the tilt situation, as well as a questions is: which head is responsi- passes this test and you still suspect a
general picture of tape -to -head con- ble, the record or playback head? height problem, you'll have to start
tact, try gently painting the head faces About the only way you can determine thinking of the playback head, or pos-
with dark -color ink from a felt-tip pen this (short of buying an expensive test sibly some misalignment of the tape
and running a few seconds worth of tape and fiddling with playback -head guides.
tape over them. Once the tape has alignment) is to invest in the Sound -
worn away some of the ink, you'll be craft Magna -See kit, which costs Some Simple Adjustments. The
able to see a contact patch, which about $7 and is not always easy to find. only way you can learn much more
should be perfectly rectangular in The main ingredient of the kit is a can about the alignment condition of your
shape and well centered on the head of volatile (but not flammable) solvent machine is to start fiddling with the
face (Fig. 2). If the patch is trapezoidal in which is suspended a gray iron - head adjusting screws. This can be a
(i.e., wider at the top or bottom of the oxide powder. Swirl a bit of recorded tempting idea, particularly if you be-
head), there is a tilt misalignment, al- tape around in this fluid, let it dry, and lieve mat only one head is at fault, and
though it may not be obvious which Shazam! the recorded tracks appear that fixing it might cause everything
head is misaligned. Any head of the in a dusty pattern on the tape surface. else to snap into place. Well, it doesn't
three can give the tape a little skew An alternative to the Magna-See, less always work that way. It may be, for
that will show up in the coñtact pat- messy and easier to obtain (through example, that at one time the other
terns of the other two. But probably mail order) but more expensive, is heads were aligned to the incorrectly

Rlf l II I II I I Il II I II I I II I II II Il I II II I I II II I III I I II II I II II I I I11 1 1 1 1 1 1III1 1 1 1 1 1 1I1 II III Il I I I!11I Il I Il I I II II I I I II I I Illlllllllllllllll Illlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

in IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
iu 1111111 1111 ui 1111 11 11 111111 ÍIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII,IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

Illlllllllllllllllllllnlllllll11IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII

1 11 111111 IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII p1111111111111111IIIIIIIIIIIIl111111111111111111111111I1111111111111111111111111111111111111111IIIIIIIIIIIIIIU

A B C
Fig. 3. A height error of the record head on a half-track machine creates an
off-center guard band (A). Diagrams (B) and (C) show results of a quarter -track
record head positioned too ligh and too low, respectively.
FEBRUARY 1975 23

[Link]
 1111 I i 1111191h

®I}HI111111111 1111 1111111111111111111111111111 1 IIIIIIIIIIIII 1011111 tlllllllllll IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII MEE

A B

Fig. 4. Azimuth errors between record and playback heads produce high frequency losses
(A). Misalignment of both heads (B) causes no losses for tapes made on that machine.

positioned head, in which case a quirement, you can get by with a problems, you can go on to matching
change in any one of them is likely to reasonable error in playback -head the record head's azimuth to the
degrade the performance of the rest. azimuth as long as the record head playback head. For a test signal, just I

Also, there's the problem of making has exactly the same error (Fig. 4). But use the audio generator to drive the
sure that when you change one align- where possible, it's best to avoid record head, running it up in fre-
ment factor-height, for example touching the playback head at all, on quency until the playback-head out-
-you don't also change tilt or the assumption that whatever its ac- put begins to drop. Then tweak the I

azimuth. (As far as know there is no

I tual azimuth alignment, it is more ac- record -head alignment to see if can I

way to be sure of this, except by going curate than you could achieve without raise the output level at that point.
back and checking tilt and azimuth a test tape. (Note that the results may well be dif-
after you've made the adjustment.) Fi- In making height and tilt adjust- ferent for the two channels, neces-
nally, depending on the way the man- ments on the record head, you'll have sitating an intermediate setting.) Usu-
ufacturer has set up the machine, a to resort to the magic marker test on ally use the 71/2-ips tape speed, al-
I

readjustment of equalization or bias both the record and playback head3 to though the other speeds should work
may be necessary. make sure that what you're doing isn't as well on most machines. (The one
Looking at the brighter side, how- adversely affecting either one. If one exception can think of had its re-
I

ever, it is true that you usually have the contact patch changes appreciably in sponse electronically rolled off above
option of returning to the original ad- size relative to the other, it means that 20 kHz. Since the heads were presum-
justment if your attempted improve- one head is beginning to lose contact ably capable of going beyond that at
ments do more harm than good with the tape. Shifting the entire re- 71/2 ips, probably would have chosen
I

-provided you have marked the orig- cord head closer to or farther away a slower tape speed to make sure was I

inal screw positions carefully! When from the tape will usually serve to seeing the effects of head alignment
you take off the cover to expose the equalize things again. and not electronic filtering.) However,
heads, you'll probably find some or all You'll also have to keep constant be sure to keep the recording level for
of the alignment screws (protruding tabs on the playback head, making the test tone down to -20 dB or lower.
through the little platform on 'which sure that what you do to the record Otherwise, high -frequency tape loss-
each head is mounted) sealed with head does not diminish its output (in- es are likely to occur at most speeds.
lacquer or whatever. If not, you can dicating that the tracks laid down by I've saved the erase head for last
apply your own at this point, since the the record head are beginning to miss because it's easy. Azimuth doesn't re-
broken edges of the disturbed seal are the playback -head gaps). To do this ally matter, and tilt can be handled
a much better guide for returning to you must have tape running through through the magic marker test. The
the starting point than a pencil mark. the machine virtually at all times, and height adjustment is best accom-
Next, it's a great comfort to have on being recorded with a steady 1000 -Hz plished by running a previously re-
hand the recorder's service manual tone. Monitoring, the playback -head corded tape with the machine in the
(frequently an expensive item), or at output on a scope or meter will alert record mode (record -level controls at
least some specific instructions from you to any loss of level (an increase in. minimum and no input signal being
the manufacturer on head alignment. level is a good sign, provided it takes fed to the machine) and going for
Sometimes the screws are readily place in both channels). There will be minimum playback output.
identifiable as to their precise func- a short delay before any adjustment The Last Word. So it is possible to
tion, but there may be some sequence you make on the record head shows perform a good deal of recorder
in setting them that will greatly sim- up in the playback -head output, and alignment with a minimum of
plify the whole business. you'll simply have to get used to that. specialized equipment. This is not to
And now to proceed. [Link] sim- On the other hand, if the playback - say, however, that all these tests will
ple checks described above and a few head gaps are significantly longer give you nice, neat, unambiguous re-
others, you're in a position to do a than the width of the recorded tracks, sults, or that you'll find satisfaction in
respectable alignment job on every you may be able to make minor height devoting to them the time they require.
parameter except the azimuth of the adjustments on the record head with- Those seeking the last word in tape
playback head. Playback azimuth out observing any changes in performance regularly go to greater
must be set with a reproducer align- playback level. lengths, and are often rewarded by
ment test tape if it is to conform to Assuming you can get the height audibly improved performance: For
tapes made on other, properly ad- and tilt of the record head squared others, these tests can serve as indi-
justed machines. If this is not a re - away without introducing further cators of something wrong. 0
24 POPULAR ELECTRONICS

[Link]
 :EI IIgliGlallIMEIGET WITS
fiCC CB & Experimenter Proposals with an abstract of a wide range of material published
In response to á ruling by the Supreme Court, the every day in the new spaper and in a number of other
agency has proposed a reduction in station license fees magazines and periodicals. The abstract includes the
for CB operations from the present $20 to $6. The -new date of publication and page number so that the user
amount is based on recovery of the cost associated with may obtain the complete article. One taps into the com-
application processing. In another move, the Commis- puter, a System 370/145, via a video display terminal.
sion has proposed the establishment of a license -free, The abstract appears on the display screen, but a hard -
5 -channel band adjacent to the 6 -meter (50-54 MHz) print copy is also available. The entire process of locating
amateur band. Transmitters would operate on 49.91, a desired abstract is said to take about a minute. The user
49.93, 49.97 and/or 49.99 Ml Iz. AM, SSB, and FM emis- can begin his search with a broad category and narrow
sions would be allowed, when confined within a 20 -kHz the field down until the specific subject is reached. The
channel centered on each of the above frequencies. Total number of subject terms is about 11,000, not including
input power would be limited to 100 mW and the an- names of people, places and organizations.
tenna (single element, one meter or less in length) would
have to be permanently attached to the transmitter or
transceiver enclosure. CMOS Prices Drop 20 to 51%
Two major manufacturers of CMOS logic, RCA and
Plug -In P -ROM Calculator National Semiconductor, are reducing the prices on
Using a P -ROM (Programmable -Read Only Memory) gates to a point where they are competitive with TTL on a
system, Sharp Electronics introduced !r calculator that piece -by -piece basis. RCA has reduced gate prices more
can be designed to a user's specialized interest. The first than 30% and MSI prices more than 20% for standard
"customer -designed" calculator, Model PC-1002, is a CD4000 series devices in quantities of 100 to 999 units.
fifteen -function scientific unit with four extra -function National has reduced prices on two product lines, the
keys and a receptacle for accommodating a P -ROM MM7CXXN series, and Series -4000 equivalent
plug-in module. The program of the P -ROM, which is MM56XXAN, from 25 to 51%. Price reductions affect
tailored to the user's application, is controlled by the every Series 74C molded, commercial -grade and
Series -4000 -equivalent devices. Price cuts are attributed
to increased efficiency in high -volume production.

NYC Doubling Voice Communication Boxes

¡WW1
_4 The City of New York is adding 3000 two-way voice
rib.
communication boxes to its emergency reporting sys-
ti,, tem. This brings to about 6000 the number of Norelco
Q'

--m 3S
'.."`^--...(
S 1, voice communications devices ordered since 1971. The
^ á 04\'
7114.1 v city plans to replace all of its 15,000 older fire alarm
... boxes with such two-way voice boxes over the next few
,
MI
r ,e
years. The audio boxes allow the user in the street to
=_-
s ., `
s speak directly with fire or police officers simply by de-
.
-

pressing a button on the call box. The system also pro-

-- vides a printed record (time, operator and box number)
of all incoming calls. Each box can be tested automati-
cally from the central station.

' V 'Nat. An Electronic Weed Killer

Zapper III, a device which kills weeds by electronic
extra -function keys. While the "design -your -own" cal- rather than chemical means, has been developed by the
sa culators can be programmed for a wide range of Oceanography International Corporation. The editorial
specialized scientific, engineering, and business uses, board of Industrial Research, which includes rocket
standard chips are now available for four basic applica- pioneer Werner Von Braun and inventor William Lear,
tions: statistics, mathematics, metric conversion, and has selected the weed killer as one of the 100 most
surveying. Additional programs are currently being significant new technical products of the year. The
readied, covering the structural and electrical engineer- Zapper Ill is a 13 -ton, self-propelled machine with a
ing, and financial fields, among others. 155 -kW diesel generator and two Klystron microwave
sources which produce 60 kW of microwave energy.
Information Bank Microwaves cause the molecules of an organism to ro-
Individuals can now retrieve general information from tate very rapidly. This causes fatal internal structural
the Information Bank of the New York Times. The com- damage to the organism. The effects on plants, seeds,
puterized on-line, time-shared system provides the user and fungi are said to be immediate and lasting.

FEBRUARY 1975 25

[Link]
 .
A COMPUTER CONCEPT
BECOMES AN EXCITING
REALITY.
D L
r '
.
Not too long ago, the thought of an
honest, full-blown computer that sells
c ' .. . ;
for less than $500 would have been
considered a mere pipe dream.
^.
..,..'
._ :
Everyone knows thát corhputers aré
monstrous, box-shaped machines that
MITE ALTAIR
BBC c°mpuTEA
sell for 10's and 100's of thousands. of n

dollars.
Pipe dream or not, MITS, the quality
engineering oriented company that
pioneered the calculator market, has
made the Altair 8800 a reality. It is the M'
realization of that day when Computers x.
are accessible to almost anyone who
wants one.
The heart (and the secret) of the MITS the core of a sophisticated time-share For those users who are not familiar
Altair 8800 is the Intel! 8080 processor system. with computers, MITS Offers free
chip. Thanks to rapid advances in The Altair 8800 can be a process consultation service. Just describe your
integrated circuit technology, this one IC controller. It can be an educational requirements to our engineering staff and
chip can now do what once took device. Or it can be expanded to be an we will specify the additional cards and
thousands of electronic components advanced, custom intrúsion system. A the system configuration you need to do
(including 100's of IC's) and miles of wire. programmable scientific calculator. the job.
Make no mistake about it. the MITS Automatic IC tester. Automated The MITS Altair 8800 is backed by
Altair 88b0 is a lot of brain power. Its automobile test analyzer. Complete complete peripheral and software
parallel, 8 -bit processor uses a 16 -bit accounting system. "Smart" computer development programs. There is even a
address. It has 78 basic machine terminal. Sound and light system high level language available.
instructions with variance's up tó 200 controller. Order your Altair 8800 Computer
instructions. That's more than enough to OR it can be all of these things at the today. As a special introductory offer,
program all the street lights in a major city. same time. It could be the beginning of MITS is offering the Altair 8800 at a
And the MITS Altair 8800 Computer is new business opportunities. The list of discount of $100. This offer is good on all
fast. Very fast. It's basic instruction cycle applications is literally endless. orders postmarked prior to March 1, 1975.
time is 2 microseconds. MITS wants to service your individual
Combine this speed and power with the computer needs,
PRICES:
Altair's flexibility (it can directly address You can buy an assembled Altair 8800.
Altair 8800 Computer (assembled with
256 input and 256 output devices) and Or you can start by building the computer
complete operation instructions) $750.00
you have a computer that's competitive yourself. The MITS Altair 8800 is the
Altair 8800 Computer (kit form) $495.00
with most mini's on the market today. And ultimate kit. Its assembly isn't much more
Subtract $100.00 from above prices on
sells for a fraction of their cost. difficult than assembling a desktop
all orders postmarked prior to March 1,
The Altair 8800 has been designed to calculator. 1975.
fullfill a wide variety of computer needs. OR you can start with an Altair 8800
It is ideal for thé hobbyist who wants to get complete data processing system. Altair
involved with computers. Yet, it has the Systems come in 4 basic configurations.
power and versatility for the most Enclosed is a Check for S
advanced data processing requirements. or Bank Americard #
It's basic memory of 256 words of static
'®N r y``
or Master Charge #

I
RAM memory can be expanded to 65,000 I Credit Card Expiration Date Kit
M
Include $8.00 for Postage and Handling Assembled
words of directly addressable memory. ALTAIR8800
Static OR dynamic, memory. OR PROM or ;r Please send complete Altair System Catalogue.
ROM memory. OR a floppy disc system. Electrnnics" I NAME
All supplied byMITS. ADDRESS
Using standard MITS interface cards, II City
Warranty: 90 days on parts and labor for assembled
the Altair 8800 can be connected to MITS units. 90 days on parts for kits.
STATE & ZIP

peripherals (computer terminals, line 'Prices, specifications and delivery subject to change
MITS / 6328 Linn, N.E., Albuquerque, New Mexico
printers, audio -cassette interface) to form without notice. 127108 505/265-7553

CIRCLE NO. 23 ON READER SERVICE CARD

26 POPULAR ELECTRONICS

[Link]
Popular Electronics

BY TERRY WALKER,
HARRY GARLAND &ROGER MELEN

BUILD
FIRST ALL
Using an MOS array
and digital electronics
RA
eliminates vidicon
and yoke. RI
OLID-STATE image sensors, can be picked up by Cyclops. Unlike ánd is thus able to "see" in the dark
Which were discussed in detail'' conventional cameras; however, Cy- when an infrared light is used to it
last month, may one day supplant vid - clops is sensitive to infrared radiation luminate the scene.
icon tubes in TV cameras. They prom-
ise small size and easy camera con-
struction, have a low power require- LENS

ment and operate in a wide range of -MHz RESET IMAGE

05C CIRCUIT SENSOR
light conditions. Cost, however, has IC2 IC7, IC8, IC9 ICI
been prohibitive-until now!
Presented here is "Cyclops," the
first all -solid-state TV camera project DIGI TAL VERTICAL HORIZONTAL
using a special MOS photoelement VIDEO AMP
01
SCAN COUNTER
1C3, IC4,IC6
SCAN COUNTER
IC5, 1C7
Fig. 1. Lodie diagram
array as the image sensor-ánd, it cán of the camera, shows
be built by electronics experimenters how scan counters =_

at an affordable price. (A cdmplete-kit address camera and

Z-AXIS D/A CONY D/A CONV
also generate sweep
of semiconductors, including the AMP
Q2,03
VERT AMP
04
HORIZ AMP
05 signals for the scope.
MOS device, is available for $55, for
example.) INTENSITY V INPUT - H INPUT
Any image that cán be picked up by
a conventional TV (or movie) camera OSCILLOSCOPE

FEBRUARY 1975 27

[Link]
 L
PARTS LIST H. Garlandand R. Meten; 26655 Laurel Fig: 2. CIómplete schematic of
Lane, Los Altos, CA -94022: kit of all the cinwra. Letters between
CI, C2-0.901-µF disc capacitor IC's (including image sensor), diodes, sections' are m' rely for showing
C3, C4, C5-0.1-µF disc capacitor . and transistors at $55; pc board at $5; all interconnections. Letters 'in
C6-330-pF disc capacitor postpaid., California residerits, please circles are terminals for
C7, C8, [Link] disc capacitor add sufficient sales tax. use -,With optional circuits.
Di to D4-1N914 diode
D5 -1N5242 12 -volt zener diode
ICI -1024 -element image sensor
IC2, 1C9-7402 TTL quadruple 2 -input
i 6
cr
:001yF
+5V EXT CLOCK ENABLE

' R3
NOR gate 560(5
IC3, 105, I!C6, IC7-7493 TTL 4 -bit bi- EXT R6
CLOCK 1K
INPUT .R52
nary counter IK
IC4-7404 TTL hex inverter -4MMA
IC8-7400 TTL quadruple - 2 -input 1/6
EXT
RESET
104
NAND gate '
13
INPUT

IC1O-MC7805CP 5 -volt regulator -;

II, 12-#47 pilot light 13

14 2t
JI to J4-Banana jacks ., I 3

IC3 IC3, 105,5IC6, IC7

113,¿0:.,5/16,
Qi, Q2, Q3 -2N3640 transistor 7493 IN 5=t V
PIN 10=GND
Q4, Q5 -2N3904 transistor 12119 8 II
RI -100 -ohm, 1/2 -watt miniature poten-
tiometer .
IC8=7400
R2 -100-ohm, -watt resistor
1/2
IC2, IC9= 7402
R3 -560 -ohm, %4 -watt resistor 4
1C4
R4 to R18 and R52-1000 -ohm, 1/4 -watt 7404'
- resistor
R19 -15,000 -ohm, %4-watt resistor
R20 to R31 -20,000 -ohm, 1/4 -watt 5% i'esis.
R32 to R39-10.000-ohm,1/ -watt 5% resis.
R40 to R44-100 -ohm, 114 -watt resistor
R45, R46 -68,000 -ohm. 1/4 -watt resistor'
R47, R48 -5600-ohm, 1/4 -watt resistor '
2N3640
R49-1800 -ohm, 1/4 -watt resistor 1

R50 -18,000 -ohm, 1/4 -watt resistor

R51 -2200 -ohm, 1/4 -watt resistor
Misc.-IC socket (9), 3/4" variable-length ICI
IMAGE
SENSOR
spacers, lens (see text), suitable chas-
sis, mounting hardware, line cord, etc.
Note-The, following are available from 11I 110 13 9

'A B CO E F G

R9-R18
IK R
CA)

R20-R29 F-
1R20 621
08K R22 625 - R26 1R27 ,. 626.

I.

R32 -R39
10K R32 R33 R34 íR35 636. R37 R38 R39
,
.R2
(c),
R30 P31 ` `
i110
20K` 20K

D2
1N914

1N5242
R40 D4
100.0 IN914
04 03
2N3904 2N3640
IC7
.OIyF.

R42-
100.11 X113914

R45 R47
68K . 5.6K 5.6K? 22K IOOn4.

GND _ - _ ,
. Y$ . `
I 0 POPULARELECTRONICS
(H) .- - ,, s 's (V)
[Link]
 I2 J2 J4
GND LINE

0.1
i
'2
,/ C6
,
R
¡

R4ÉCI IIÑD4-

s,---
r -43- áca¡a
: '
I
cI

2\ 1zly,
R5
D3

r-
\\
49 I7 y
\ R44
R46
/A\ w,/
R45 -1R47 R4C °I- J
J

I
Á
° i
111
P

-
I `B J
-R-
42
J
c/
C
\B .4(

{ ÁR30+

R8'
IC IO
+5V LINE
A=1K
II JI +8V B -20K
C =10K

Fig. 3. Actual -size foil pattern (top) and component placement.

Note that most resistors are mounted on end to conserve space.

The MOS array has 1024 separate Altair 8800 Minicomputer (POPULAR First, the outputs of the vertical and
photosensitive elements fabricated on ELECTRONICS, January 1975). The horizontal scan counters are proc-
a single chip and mounted in a con- combination could be used to build a essed by a ladder -type digital -to -
ventional 16 -pin DIP case with a trans- security system that would operate on analog (D/A) converter, then amplified
parent cover. Although similar sens- the basis of a person's appearance. by 04 and Q5, respectively, to prodúce
ing devices have cost up to several This approach also opens up a brand the scope vertical and horizontal
hundred dollars in the past, new tech- new and exciting area for the ad- sweep. This creates the raster on the
niques and volume production have vanced experimenter-a digital com- CRT. The second event occurs when
made it possible to reduce prices. puter that h'as "vision." For example, the video information oh the image
With just 1024 elements (in a 32 by 32 the Cyclops/Altair combination, with sensor is read out, amplified and used
array), Cyclops can't be expected to 256 independent inputs/outputs could to vary the brightness of each of the
match the resolution of a vidicon be the basis for a robot that could be 1024 dots that make up the raster and
camera; but it is quite useful for many programmed to do a number of things, produce the intensity -modulated
applications: The circuit described while also being able to "see" its envi- image on the CRT. Since both sweeps
here is for using Cyclops with a con- ronment and make any necessary cor- (H and V) and the video (brightness)
ventional oscilloscope, but it could be rections in its actions. information are "in step" at all times,
altered for a display oh a TV tube. each of the 1024 elements on thé sen-
(Among other things, a sync generator Circuit Operation. The Cyclops sor has a corresponding point on the
would be needed.) logic diagram shown in Fig. 1. A part
is raster, and the charge on each ele-
A little imagination will enable the of 1C2 is used as a 1 -MHz timing oscil- ment determines the brightness of its
experimenter to come up with a lator. One output of the oscillator raster dot.
number of novel uses for Cyclops. For drives the vertical scan counter, which A novel coding scheme is used for
example, if a fiber-optic light pipe is drives the horizontal scan counter. the video information. Thirty com-
used with the sensor, it could pick up The binary outputs of the scan coun- pletely new frames are displayed on
conventional printed material for ters are used to address the rows and the scope each second, with each
transmission or to excite a type of columns of the MOS array. frame made up of 16 separate and
tactile device for use by the blind. As each of the 1024 elements is ad- complete scans of the image sensor.
Consider also the possibility of using dressed, two events occur within a The first of these 16 scans is used to
Cyclops in conjunction with the period of less than two microseconds. reset the 1024 photoelements, with
FEBRUARY 1975 29

[Link]
 DI The external oscillator input cah be
IN4001
used to synchronize Cyclops with the
ITV computer or with a TV display.
D2 CI
IN4001
12.6V
CT
+ 1500PF
Construction. The logic circuits of
+8V
+ + Cyclops are on a single pc board (Fig.
C2 C3 3). Use sockets for all of the IC's ex-
200011F 2000pF
cept IC1O which is soldered in place.
GND
Be sure to observe the correct
PARTS'LIST polarities on all IC's, diodes, and tran-
CI --300-µF, 15 -volt electrolytic capacitor F1 -1 -ampere fuse and holder t
sistors.
C2, C3 -2000 -µF,,15 -volt electrolytic S1-Spst switch For the pilot lamps (I1 and 12), drill
capacitor ' - T1-12.6-VCT filament transformer '
holes in the board just large enough to
Dl, D2-1N4001 diode (Triad F-25)( or similar).
accommodate the metal portions of
Fig. 4. Power supply for camera can be wired the lamps so that, when they are in-
point-to-point and mounted anywhere in chassis. serted from the nonfoil side, the glass
portion just touches the board. The
metal portions of the lamps are then
the reset pulses generated by /C7, /C8, Several inputs and outputs are pro- soldered to the pads, and small
and /C9. On subsequent scans, the vided on the pc board as shown in Fig. lengths of wire are soldered to the
video information is read out. 2. These are for possible use in ad- center connectors on the lamps and
When a particular photoelement is vanced projects. For normal opera- the appropriate pads.
illuminated by a bright light (from the tion, no connection is necessary at Miniature potentiometer R1 is
image being sensed), a video output these points. Point "T" provides a , mounted on the foil side of the board
pulse is developed each time that ele- TTL-level signal to facilitate interfac- so that the two lamps can be adjusted
meht is addressed. The video output ing with external digital circuits. By when the pc board is mounted in
pulses are amplified by Q1 and, after connecting point "E" to ground, the place. The purpose of 11 and 12 is to
gating, by Q2 and Q3 to produce the 1 -MHz oscillator is disabled and an ex-
bias the image sensor with a dim, un-
scope intensity (Z) axis signal. If there ternal oscillator can be applied to iform background light. Although this
is no light on a particular element, no point "C". An external reset pulse can is not absolutely necessary, the bias
vided pulse is generated when that be applied through point "A" to reset light improves the low -light -level sen-
element is addressed. For grey por- the scan counters at any point in the sitivity and provides better picture
tions of the picture, the number of scan cycle. Since both position and contrast.
video pulses generated for each frame intensity information are available in Note that many resistors are
is determined by the intensity of the digital form, Cyclops can very easily mounted on -end to conserve space on
grey in the original image. be interfaced with a digital computer. the board.
The power supply circuit is shown in
Fig. 4. This supply is Wired point-to-
point (using a terminal strip) and can
be mounted anywhere within the
selected chassis.
The pc board is mounted on 3/4" ad-
justable standoffs behind the front of

1i
,114
r.-
` P

LOW; .
II

1
e the chassis. Mount the board tern-
porárily and mark á spot on the front
panel that is directly in line with the
center of the image sensor (IC/).
Remove the board and drill (or cut) a
hole just large enough to accommo-
date the selected lens. Before mount-
ing the board permanently, make sure
that the distance between it and the
lens can be adjusted slightly to permit
f focussing.
17.7349 Connect the ground, +8 -volt and
-17 -volt lines from the power supply
to the board. Connect the four leads
Sía from the board (ground, vertical, hori-
zontal, and intensity) to their respec-
tive color -coded jacks on the rear
panel. The power switch (Si) is also
mounted on the rear panel, and the
line cord goes through a grommeted
Photo shows chassis with the printed circuit board pulled out. hole in the same panel.
Either one of two image sensors
30 POPULAR ELECTRONICS

[Link]
 picture -camera lens with variable
stops for this project.)
Both new and used movie camera
lenses are available from photography
stores and mail-order houses. A
i 12.5 -mm, f-27 lens is available from
Edmund Scientific (300 Edscorp
"i I
j.;r.ºLvalfp'
'
Bldg., Barrington, NJ 08007) for less
1 IVIL...._?L 1-^-':jWin
+- -

than $10 (stock No. 41,146).

t
,
:
-
.
.lé 1r Setup and Operation. Connect
du- Cyclops to an oscilloscope (set to ex-
ternal horizontal) as follows: J1 to
a
horizontal input, J2 to vertical input,
J3 to ground, and J4 to intensity input.
If your scope does not have provision
3C t r for an intensity input, modify it accord-
ing to Fig. 5.
With power applied to both Cyclops
and the scope, adjust the scope's
horizontal and vertical gain until a
o ' 32 -by -32 pattern of dots forms a
square array on the screen. Cover the
ON TO OSCILLOSCOPE
lens of Cyclops and then turn the
scope's intensity control down until
the dots just disappear. Now, expose
I«. the lens to a lamp. The dots on the CRT
will illuminate.
To adjust the focus between the
image sensor and lens, turn the bias
lamps down (R1 at maximum resis-
Jacks for scope connections and on/off switch are on chassis rear. tance) and expose the lens to a simple,
illuminated test pattern such as a
may be supplied for use in Cyclops. f-number. The focal length determines black cross on a white background. If
The two are identical except for the the viewing angle of the camera, while the lens can be focussed, adjust it for
way pins 14 and 15 are connected to the f-number determines how much the distance between the lens and the
the circuit. Note that, on the pc board, light can be collected. test pattern. Set the lens to its widest
/C1 pin 15 goes to pad J, and pin 14 The lens used with Cyclops should opening (smallest f-number). Use a
goes to pad K. If your image sensor is have a variable aperture so that the 50 -watt lamp to illuminate the test pat-
marked "Type A," connect pad J to pin f-number can be adjusted to suit the tern and position the lamp until an
8 of /C4 and pad K to pin 10 of IC4. If lighting conditions. The minimum image appears on the screen. Adjust
the image sensor is marked "Type B," f-number, when the aperture is wide the distance between the image sen-
connect pad J to pin 9 of IC4 and pad K open, determines the lowest light level sor and the lens by varying the spacers
to pin 11 of IC4. at which Cyclops will operate. An f-2.8 until the test pattern is in the sharpest
lens should be adequate for most ap- focus. Then secure the pc board in
Lens Selection. Almost any movie plications, though some additional place.
camera lens will work with Cyclops. lighting may be required for indoor To adjust the bias lamps, darken the
The two important factors to consider operation. (We purchased an un- room so that no ambient light reaches
in choosing a lens are focal length and der -$10 used f-2.8 normal motion - the image sensor. Make sure that RI is
at maximum resistance (lamps out).
Adjust the scope's brightness control
until the dot pattérn can just be seen,
and then increase the brightness of
the bias lamps until the scope pattern
INTENSITY
INPUT just starts to get brighter. This is the
correct setting of R1. Place the cover
on the chassis so that no ambient light
reaches the image sensor.
BREAK CATHODE
Fig. 5 This circuit can LEAD AND INSERT! Cyclops is now ready for use. Al-
THIS NETWORK
be used if scope has no though the resolution may seem to be
internal provisions for on the low side for observing fine de-
intensity modulation. tails, you will note that the appar-
ent resolution seems to increase when
viewing a "live" scene-especially
one with motion. Q
FEBRUARY 1975 31

[Link]
 PHASE -LOCKED loop circuitry
has been popularized by its cur-
rent use in high -quality FM stereo tun-
ers and by publicity accompanying the HOW PHASE-LI1.. KED
Lii
Dorren Quadraplex system of discrete
4 -channel FM (a quadraphonic FM
broadcasting contender).
Though the advantages of PLL in
FM reception have been used for
many years in sophisticated military
PS WORK BY HERB COHEN

and space appl ications, integrated -cir- Theory and applications of an old circuit,
cuit versions weren't introduced un-
til 1970. Lowered costs have spurred
revitalized and refined by IC technology.
applications in many consumer -elec-
tronics areas. quency, it is in the "capture" state; Once lock has been achieved, the
The phase -locked loop is analo- and it continues to change frequency filter no longer restricts the PLL. It can
gous to a servo system-in the FM until its output is exactly the same fre- track a signal well past the capture
range. Its behavior as a servo permits quency as the input. The circuit is then band, béing restricted only by the out-
it to find and lock on signals, tracking "locked" so that the loop frequency put range of the phase comparator.
them 6 dB under the noise level. As an varies exactly with the input fre- However, the filter does limit the
electronic filter, it can present a 1% quency. speed at which the PLL can track. If
passband to any frequency from 0.1 Thus, the loop has three states: the signal frequency changes too
Hz to the r -f region with excellent sta- free -running, capture, and locked or rapidly, the PLL can become "un-
bility. Using programmable dividers tracking. The capture state is highly locked."
in its oscillator loop, the PLL be- complex. Interestingly, the capture The low-pass filter is an engineering
comes a frequency synthesizer that range (frequency band above and trade-off. On one hand, it restricts the
can reproduce practically any fre- below the vco center frequency) is not capture band and reduces tracking
quency from only one crystal. This as wide as the locking range. speed; but, without it, the PLL would
throws the door open to digital tuning A closer look at the capture state will have great difficulty locking. The filter
of receivers and transmitters. provide an explanation. Figure 2 supplies the PLL with a short-term
These are only a few of the areas shows the waveform of the voltage at "memory" of where it was with re-
where PLL is useful. There are, in addi- the output of the error -correction am- spect to the signal, providing a sort of
tion: frequency shift keying for RTTY, plifier. As capture starts, a small sine fly -wheel effect. It also "memorizes"
motor control, FM generators, touch- wave appears. This is the "beat" be- the rate -of -change of the signal fre-
tone telephone, and stereo and four - tween the vco and the input signal. quency. Even if the signal should drop
channel decoding. Now that the price Note that the negative half of the into a noise level for several cycles, the
of PLL IC's has dropped below $5.00, waveform is slightly larger than the filter will continue to shift the vco át
the hobbyist and experimenter can positive half. This is the dc component the same rate until it picks up the
add the PLL to their store of basic of the beat, which drives the vco to- signal again. This produces a high
building blocks. ward. lock. Each successive cycle noise immunity and locking stability.
causes the vco to move closer to the
PLL Basics. The PLL is a feedback input signal. The 560 Family. The most popular
system comprised of four basic ele- There are two results of this action family of PLL IC's is the Signetics 560
ments (Fig. 1): a phase detector or which help the vco to lock. First, the series. The table lists the important
comparator; an external low-pass fil- closer the vco approaches the input specifications for various units in the
ter; an error correction amplifier; and signal, the lower the beat frequency. series. The first three are high -
a voltage controlled oscillator (vco). This allows the low-pass filter to pass frequency devices, with typical vco
The vco is a free -running form of more of the beat frequency to the vco operation of 15 MHz and a maximum
multivibrator whose center frequency with a correspondingly larger portion of 30 MHz. Above 15 MHz, its opera -
is determined by an external timing of the dc component. The vco is now
capacitor and resistor. The vco output skipping two steps toward lock and one Fig. 1. Foul basic elements
is presented to the phase comparator, step back. At the same time, the closer of a phase -locked loop.
where it .is compared to the incoming the vco nears lock, the longer it wants
signal. The result is an error correc- to stay there, and the more reluctant it
tion voltage whose magnitude is a is to move away. This extends the
function of the phase and frequercy negative half of the cycle, reduces the
differences of the two signals. positive half, and increases the dc
This signal is then filtered in an ex- component to speed up the process.
ternal low-pass filter and amplified in The vco finally locks and the beat fre- INPUT OUTPUT

the error correction amplifier. The quency is zero.

output of the latter is fed back to the The low-pass filter is an important
voltage -control input of the vco to factor in controlling the capture
complete the loop and cause the oscil- range. If the vco is too far away from PLL
lator frequency to approach more the signal, the beat frequency will be
TIMING TIMING
closely the frequency of the input. too high to pass through the filter and CAPACITOR RESISTOR

Once the vco starts to change fre- the signal is out of the capture band.
32 POPULAR ELECTRONICS

[Link]
 The SCA signal is 14 -kHz FM on a The demodulated output (pin 7) is
67 -kHz subcarrier. Note that a single - passed through a three -stage low-
ended power supply is used and the pass filter (C5 to C7 and R7 to R9) to
resistor network made up of R3 provide the necessary de -emphasis
through R6 is used to bias the inputs at and attenuate the high -frequency
LOCK
3.2 volts. Thus only one comparator noise that often accompanies the SCA
LOCK RANGE input (pin 2) is used for the signal. transmission. The demodulated out-
The two input capacitors (C2 and put signal is approximately 50 mV and
C3) and resistor R2 act as a high-pass the frequency response extends to 7
Fig. 2. Upper trace shows beat
between vco and input. Lower filter to remove the lower -frequency kHz.
trace is the lock range. stereo subcarrier from the SCA input. The locking range is determined
Capacitor Cl and resistor R1 deter- from ±8F/Vr., which comes out (±8 X
tion becomes critical, and great care is mine the operating frequency of the 67)/10 or ±53.6 kHz. Since the band-
needed to get them to perform prop- internal vco by the expression width of the SCA subcarrier is only 14
erly. Its input sensitivity is very 1.2/(4R1C1). Since we know that the kHz, there is more than enough lock-
good-the device can lock on to sign- vco should operate at the SCA fre= ing range available. This expression
als of 100 to 200 microvolts. The 561 is quency of 67 kHz, and we would like applies only when the input signal is
a duplicate of the 560, but it has an R1 to be about 5000 ohms, we can high enough to saturate the corn -
added product detector for synchro-
nous demodulation. The 565 has an +10V
exceptional lock range (typically R3
±60%); however, its input sensitivity is 10K
K
.018pF
C5
.047pF
C6 C7
.018pF
only fair (1 millivolt for lock). The 565 RI
10K
has one added advantage over the
high -frequency units: its vco is tuned
with an RC network, and frequency is C2 C3
C4
510 510
directly proportional to the change in pF pF 10 00IpF
the resistance. This permits tuning INPurC-1 OUTPUT
R7 R8 R9
over a 10 -to -1 frequency range using a IK 1K 1
565
potentiometer.
The 567 is primarily a narrow -band
R5
filter. Its interesting feature is a built-in 4.7 K
6
synchronous switch which turns on R2 R6
NCiE

when the unit goes into lock. The 4.7K 4.7 K CI

.00IpF * SEE TEXT
switch is able to handle up to 100 mA
and can be used to turn on an SCR, a
relay, or a lamp for indication of the
lock condition. Another feature of the Fig. 3. Typical phase-locked circuit for
567 is its low power -supply voltage (4 decoding SCA background music mi FM broadcast.
volts minimum), making it ideal for
battery operation. However, it is less calculate the value of Cl needed. This parator. If the input signal decreases,
input -sensitive than the others in the works out to be 0.000895 or 0.001 µF. the correction voltage also decreases,
series. Tuning resistor R1 is made up from thereby reducing the locking and cap-
a 1000 -ohm fixed resistor in series ture ranges.
Working with the 565. The 565 with a 10,000 -ohm potentiometer. The curve in Fig. 4 shows the lock-
PLL is the only member of its family (Remember that we assumed a value ing range versus the input signal level.
that is not internally stabilized with a ,of 5000 ohms for R1.) Using this larger Since the SCA decoder requires a 20%
zener diode. Therefore, a well - potentiometer will enable tuning over locking range, the curve shows that a
regulated supply or a zener diode a wide range around the center fre- 10 -mV input will be enough to drive

should be used to keep the power sta- quency (in case the tolerance of Cl is the phase lock.
ble. very broad), while the 1000 -ohm fixed The 565 provides a method of limit-
Suppose you want to use a 565 as an resistor will act as a current limiter if ing the locking range. A tap on an in-
SCA background music decoder. A the potentiometer resistance is re- ternal voltage divider is used as a ref-
suggested circuit is shown in Fig. 3. duced to zero. erence output (pin 6). This voltage is
the same as the output voltage (pin 7)
when F is equal to the incoming
PLL SPECIFICATIONS signal. Connecting a resistor between
pins 6 and 7 differentially loads the
Type Min. Input VCO Freq. Lock Range ucc output without changing the dc level
For Lock (MHz) Min. Max. or shifting the vco. A resistance
560 120 µV 15 15% 16 26 change from 25,000 ohms to zero be -
561 120 µV 15 15% 16 26 tween these points will shift the lock-
562 200 µV 15 15% 16 30 ing range from ±60% to ±20%. Since
565 1mV 0.5 60% 10 26 the output is loaded, one can expect a
20 mV 0.1 12% 4 10
567 corresponding decrease in the level of
the output signal.
FEBRUARY 1975 33
 The differential output (pins 6 and 7)
1000
is useful in frequency -shift keying.
This is a method of reproducing digital
pulses by shifting the frequency of the
input signal, generally 1 kHz for a zero
Fig. 4. Lock range state and 2 kHz for a one state. By
versus input signal connecting a voltage comparator
level for the 565 across pins 6 and 7, the output pulses
phase -locked loop. are cleaned and shaped. They can
then be interfaced with the following
digital circuitry.
The 565 has two outputs that can be
useful in some applications. A triangle
waveform is available at pin 9 with an.
output of 2.4 V and 0.5% linearity. Be-
cause even light loading at the output
will distort the triangle wave, a high -
0.2 0.4 06 08 1.2 14 16 I. impedance buffer is recommended
NORMALIZED LOCK RANGE
when using it.
Note that there is a short between
pins 4 and 5. Pin 5 is the output of the
vco while pin 4 is the input to the com-
parator. In the SCA adapter, these two
pins are not used. The output at pin 5
is a square wave with an impedance of
HISTORY OF PHASE -LOCKED LOOPS 5000 ohms and a level of 5.4 V p -p.
In 1932, a group of British physicists As shown in Fig. 5, pins 4 and 5 pro-
signal, the oscillator would hold onte)
was working on a new method of radio the old until the new one got too strong
vide a convenient way to insert a pro-
reception to cómpete with the and then it would switch to the new grammable frequency divider for fre-
superheterodyne system. This new ap- signal. When the system was tuned be- quency syhthesis. If the input, F,.i1, is a
proach would require only one tuned tween carriers, it hunted for the
circuit and would have greater fidelity stronger one and locked on it.
and selectivity than the superhet circuit. The receiving system, which origi- i
The theory was deceptively simple. nally had been named the homodyne FR
ERROR
CORRECT.
When an r -f oscillator and an incoming circuit, was renamed the syncrodyne AMP

signal are mixed at the same phase and circuit.

frequency, the output product will be a The circuit, though superior to the
perfect audio reproduction of the superhet in many ways, could not com-
transmitted modulation. An adjacent pete where cost was concerned. The
J
carrier, 20 kHz away, will be demod- oscillator locking circuitry was too eX
ulated as a 20 -kHz signal and could eas- pensive. Though the syncrodyne re=
ily be filtered out of the desired audio. ceiver circuit was never used in AM re-
The system was constructed using a ceivers, it attracted the attention of FM
simple untuned r-f amplifier to feed receiver designers who were looking Fig. .5. Adding a divider
the mixer. The results were as- for a method of stabilizing the permits frequency synthesis.
tonishing-perfect reception with no mixer/oscillator at 100 MHz. The FM re-
adjacent -channel interference. The ceiver already had a form of phase dis-
only problem was that the local oscil criminator to demodulate the -f signal. i
10 -kHz crystal -controlled source, and
lator would slowly drift off frequency, By connecting the do component of the
the divider is programmable from 1 to
producing a beat note which made re-; discriminator output to a Miller -effect 10, the vco output, Foi1, is 10 to 100 kHz
ception intolerable. tube across the local oscillator, the lat-
in steps of 10 kHz, all having the same
.One member of the group then ter could be forced to lock in 10.7 MHz
theorized that if the oscillator frequency above the incoming signal to produce stability as the crystal. If a divider is
could be compared to the signal fre- an exact 10.7 -MHz -f. The system was
i
programmed from 100 to 110, the vco
quency in a phase -detector circuit, a called automatic frequency control. becomes programmable from 1 MHz
correction voltage could be produced' The budding TV -receiver industry_ to 1.1 MHz in 10 -kHz steps. Unfortu-
to return the oscillator. This could be looking for a way of locking the horizon_ nately, the 565 can only operate to 1
done by having the correction voltage tal oscillator, developed several phase-, MHz, so this discussion serves only to
drive a Miller -effect (electronic vari- locked circuits-notably the "Syncro- illustrate how you can use a phase -
able capacitance) amplifier connected Guide" and "Syncro-Lock." locked loop and a programmable
across the tuning circuit of the oscil- By the mid 1940's, phase -lock was
counter to synthesize almost any de-
lator. The same feedback idea had being used in military microwave and sired frequency.
worked in servo systems. So, why not radar receivers. When NASA fired the This, in essence, is how frequency -
án electronic servo? first space capsule, its 10-milliwatt
The new oscillator circuit was built 108 -MHz transmitter signals were re- synthesized CB and FM devices work.
and connected to the receiver system. it ; ceived by a phase -locked receiver, If you have a synthesized local oscil-
not only stayed in frequency with the whose ability to follow a signal below lator, you can receive almost any
incoming signal, it locked itself in. the noise level was considered pheno_ channel on any band, provided they
When the tuning was changed to a new menal. are evenly spaced.
POPULAR ELECTRONICS

[Link]
 SHORTWAVE NEWSCASTS IN ENGLISH
BY RICHARD E. WOOD

ASHORTWAVE receiver is a passport tion will depend on many factors - The listings here are based on the
author's experience and proven re-
to a world of information. On the your receiver and antenna, ionospheric
conditions at any given moment,.and your ception -with one exception. The Israel
shortwave bands, headline news stories
location. BA station has done many flip-flops in
can be heard as they happen. Try listen-
ing to some of the broadcasts listed here. In addition to the stations listed, the scheduling in the past few months
Though frequencies are subject to change Voice of America, the AFRTS (Armed (perhaps as a result of the installation of a
Forces Radio and Television Service), and new 300 -kW transmitter). So the times and
without notice, this list includes most
the CBC Northern Service provide many frequencies listed for this station are the
of the major newscasts (in English) copy -
newscasts, throughout the day, on a latest obtainable.
able in North America. These broadcasts
are not necessarily beamed here and recep- number of frequencies.

Time Station Frequency (MHz) 15.520, 11 .650

R. Bangladesh
(GMT) R. Berlin Int. 9.730
0000 BBC 15.260*, 11.750, 9.740t, 9.580, R. Moscow See 0200 listings
9.510*, 9.410 R. Beirut 9.675 (may be changed)
7.325, 6.175t, 5.975 R. Cairo 9.475
R. Japan 15.105 UN Radio 21.630, 17.850, 15.365
R. Norway 11.860, 9.645 (Mon) 0240 R. Australia See 0230 listings (weekdays)
R. Moscow 9.665, 7.440, 7.355, 7.205, (Australian Newsreel)
7.185, 7.150, 7.105, 5.940 0250 Voice of Chile 15,150, 9.590, 9.560, 6.190
R. Peking 15.520, 15.060, 11.945, 11.685, 0300 BBC 15.260*, 9.580, 9.510*, 7.325,
8.300, 6.810 6.175*, 5.975
R. Tirana 9.755, 7.065 R. Japan 15.105
R. Sofia 9.700 R. RSA 9.525, 7.270, 5.980, 3.995
0030 R. Sweden 6 -MHz band (subject to change) R. Finland 9.720 (Subject to change)
V. of Chile 15.150, 9.590, 9.560, 6.190 R. Moscow 9.700tt, 7.440, 7.355, 7.205,
HCJB, Quito 11.915, 9.560, 5.970 (weekdays) 7.185, 7.150
R. Kiev 9.655, 9.530, 9.520, 7.150, R. Kiev 9.610, 9.520, 7.205 (may
5,940 (Tu, Fri, Sat) be changed) (Tu, Fri, Sat)
R. Prague 9.540 R. Peking 15.095, 15.060, 12.055, 11.650,
R. Vilnius 9.685, 7.105 (Sun, Mon) 11.445, 9.780", 7.120"
0100 Vatican R. 9.605, 6.165, 5.995 RAE, Argentina 9.690
Deutsche Welle 9.690, 9.545, 6.040, 6.010 R. Budapest 9.833, 7.220, 6.165
R. Japan 15.105 R. Portugal 11.840
R. Canada 9,755, 6.085 R. Prague 11.990, 9.630, 9.540, 7.345,
RAI, Rome 9.575, 6.010 5.930
R. Berlin Int. 9.730 R. Bucharest 11.940, 9.570, 6.190, 5.990
R. Havana 11.930, 11.725 Spanish Nat. R. 11.925, 6.065
R. Moscow See 0000 listings. Deutsche Welle 9.545, 6.185, 6.075, 6.040
R. Peking 17.855, 17.715, 15.060, 11.945, 0320 R. Erevan 17.900, 17.720, 15.180 (via
11,445, 9.780", 9.390, 7.120" Soviet Far East) (Mon, Wed,
Spanish Nat. R. 11.925, 6.065 Fri, Sun)
R. Budapest 9.833, 7.220, 6.165 0330 R. Berlin Int. 11.970, 11.840
R. Television R. Havana 11.930, 11.760, 11.725
Dominicana 9.505 (weekdays, irregular) R. Moscow See 0300 listings, plus 17.775,
Trans-World R. 11.815*" 15.180, 15.140, 11.860, 11.690,
R. Prague 11.990, 9.630, 9.540, 7.345, 9.785, 9.735, 9.700tí, 9.610,
5.930 9.580, 9.540
0130 R. Japan 17.825, 17.725, 15.235, 15.195 R. Austria 9.770, 6.155
R. Australia 17.795, 15.320, 11.970 R. Tirana 7.300, 6.200
R. Moscow See 0100 listings, with 0345 R. Portugal 11,935, 6.025 (not Mon)
9.7001' t 0400 BBC 11.750, 9.580, 9.510*, 5.975
R. Austria 9.770, 6.155 R. Japan 9.505
R. Bucharest 11.940, 9.570, 6.190, 5.990 R. Canada 9.655, 6.135
R. Tirana 7.300, 7.070, 6.200 (7.300 R. Sofia 9.700
may vary to 7.290, all times) R. Norway 9.645, 6.180 (Mon)
0145 Swiss BC 11.715, 9.535, 6.120, 5.970 R. Portugal 11.935, 6.025 (Mon)
0200 BBC 15.260*, 11.750, 9.580, 9.510*, R. Moscow See 0330 listings but delete
7.325, 6.175*, 5.975 9.700, add 9.655, 5.940
R. Japan 15.105 New Zealand BC 15.110
R. Portugal 11.935, 6.025 R. Peking 15,385, 15.060, 11.650, 9.640
R. Grenada 11.975 (weekdays) 0415 R. Budapest 9.833, 7.220, 6.000
HCJB 11.915, 9.560, 5.970 (weekdays) RAI, Rome 7.265, 5.990
R. Moscow 9.785, 9.700tt, 9.665, 9.610, 0430 R. Tirana 7.300, 5.945
7.440, 7.355, 7.205, 7.185, R. Bucharest 11.940, 9.570, 6.190, 5.990
7.150 Swiss BC 11,715, 9.725
R. Peking 17.715, 15.060, 12.055, 11.945, R. Moscow See 0400 listings
11.445 0445 Deutsche Welle 9.545, 6.185, 6.075
Spenish Nat. R. 11.925, 6.025 0500 BBC 11.750, 9.580, 9.510*, 6.050,
R. Nederland 6.165*** (weekdays) 5.975
R. Norway 9.645, 6.180 (Mon.) Israel BA 12.000, 9.495, 9.009, 7.395
0230 R. Australia 17.795, 15.320, 11.970 R. Japan 9.505
R. Sweden 6.135
35
FEBRUARY 1975
 Time Station Frequency (MHz)
(GMT) R. Japan 9.505
R. Korea, Seoul R. Sweden 17.710
9.640
R. Canada 9.655, 6.135 R. Finland 15.185
HCJB 11.915, 9.560, 5.970 (Tu, Th, Sat) R. Tashkent 15.460, 15.115, 11.925, 11.730
R. Nederland 9.715***, 6.165*** (weekdays) 1415 Trans-World Radio 15.255*"* (Sun)
R. Moscow 17.775, 15.180, 15.140, 1450 Vatican Radio 11.825
11.860, 11.690, 9.785, 1500 BBC 21.710, 17.840*, 17.790, 15.260,
9.735, 9.610, 9.580, 9.540, 15.070 (Radio Newsreel)
7.260, 7.170, 7.150, 5.985 R. Japan 9.505
0515 HCJB 11.915, 9.560, 5.970 (Wen, HCJB 17.880, 15.115, 11.740 (weekdays)
Fri) R. Bucharest 15.250, 11.940
ORTF, Paris 11.735, 11.710, 9.710, 9.680, 1539 R. Belgrade 15.240, 11.735
7.135 R. Hanoi 7.038
0530 R. Kuwait 15.345 1600 BBC 17.840*, 17.790, 15.070, 12.095
R. Moscow See 0500 listings, but delete R. Japan 9.505
17.775, 15.140, 11.860, 11 .690 R. RSA 15.155, 11.900
ETLF, Addis Abeba 11.890, 9.730 R. Norway 17.825, 15.175 (Sun)
0535 Deutsche Walla 9.765, 9.605t, 9.545, 6.145, 1700 BBC 15.070, 12.095, 9.410
6.085t, 6.075 R. Japan 9.505
V. of Nigiria 15.185, 11.900, 7.255 R. Tahiti 15.170, 11.825 (except Sun)
0600 BBC 15.400*, 15.070, 11.750, 9.640, 1720 Vatican Radio 17.900, 15.210, 11.705
9.600*, 9.580, 6.005* 1730 R. Kuwait 15.415
R. Japan 9.505 1800 BBC 15.070, 12.095, 9.410
R. Norway 11.860 (Mon) R. Canada 15.325, 11.865, 9.480, 5.930
R. Moscow See 0530 listings, add R. Japan 9.505
11.690, 7.300 R. Finland 15.185
New Zealand BC 11.780, 9.540 (BBC News) UN Radio 21.670, 18.275, 15.410 (weekdays)
RAE, Argentina 9.690 V. of Nigeria 15.210, 11.770
0615 R. RSA 17.780, 15.220,.1 1.900 1810 Vatican Radio 17.900, 15.210, 11.705
0630 R. Havana 9.525 1830 R. Belgrade 9.620
R. Nederland 11.730*** (weekdays) 1900 R. Japan 9.505
R. Moscow See 0600 listings
R. Algiers 17.745, 15.420 (both variable)
V. of Malaysia 15.295, 11.900 1930 R. Baghdad 9.745
UN Radio 9.530, 6.055 (Tu -Sat) 2000 BBC 15.400*, 15.260*, 15.195,
0700 BBC 15:400*, 15.070, 11.750, 9.640, 15.070, 11.750, 9.410
R. Japan 9.505
9.600*, 9.580, 6.005*
R. Japan 9.505 R. Nederland 11.730ttt (weekdays)
R. Moscow See 0600 listings
R. Belgrade 9.620
0707 UN Radio 9.520, 6.055 (Tu -Sat) R. Ghana 11.850
0715 R. Australia 9.570, 7.280 V. of Iran 15.084, 6.022
0745 UN Radio 9.520, 6.055 (Tu -Sat) Israel BA 17.690, 15.490, 15.100, 12.025,
0800 BBC 15.070, 11.955, 11.860*, 9,640, 9.815, 9.495; 9.009, 7.395
9.600*, 7.150 2010 R. Havana 15.155
R. Japan 9.505 2030 R. Grenada 15.105 (weekdays)
R. Nederland 9.715' ** (weekdays) 2035 Vatican Radio 15.260, 11.740, 9.625
New Zealand BC 11.780, 9.540 2045 ELWA, Monrovia 11.940
0815 R. Australia 9.570, 7.280 2050 R. Havana 17.705, 11.970
0830 V. of Malaysia 15.295, 11.900 2100 R. Japan 9.505
0845 UN Radio 9.565, 5.955, (Tu -Sat) R. Canada 9.480, 5.930
0900 BBC 15.400*, 15.070, 11.955, 9.640, R. RSA 15.155, 11.900
7.150 Swiss BC 15.430, 15.305, 11.870, 11.720
R. Canada 9.625, 5.970 All India Radio 11.620, 9.912, 9.525
R. Japan 9.505 2130 R. Nederland 9.715, 5.965 (weekdays)
R. Korea, Seoul 15.335, 9.640 2200 BBC 15.260*, 15.195, 11.780, 11.750,
1000 R. Japan 9.505 9.580, 9.410, 5.975
R. Pyongyang 12.075, 9.895, 7.405 R. Japan 15.105
R. Hanoi 15.012 R. Norway 15.175 (Sun)
UN Radio 9.650, 6.145 R. Moscow 7.390
1040 V. of Chile 15.150, 9.590, 9.560, 6.190 R. Belgrade 9.620, 7.240, 6.100
1100 BBC 15.070, 12.095, 11.905 R. Cairo 9.805
R. Japan 9.505 All India Radio 11.620, 9.912, 9.525
Vatican Radio 21.485, 17.840 (weekdays) R. Canada 11.990, 9.480, 5.930
R. RSA 21.535, 15,220, 11.900 RAI, Rome 11.905,9.710, 5.990
R. Korea 15.335, 9.640 V. of Turkey 11.880
R. Tirana 11.985, 9.500 2210 V. of Chile 15.150, 9.590, 9.560
V. of Indonesia 11.715 (varies) 2230 R. RSA 15.155, 11,900, 9.695, 9.525
1115 R. Canada 11.825, 9.655, 5.970 R. Vilnius 11.980, 9,655, 9.530, 7.105
1130 Israel BA 17.690, 15.130, 15.100, 12.025, (may be changed) (Sat, Sun)
9.009 2300 BBC 15.260*, 11.780, 11.750,
1145 Vatican Radio 21.485, 17.840 (weekdays) 9.740t, 9.580, 9.510,
1200 R. Japan 9.505 7.325, 6.175t, 5.975
R. Tashkent 15.460, 15.115, 11.925, 11.730 R. Japan 15.105
R. Peking 11.685, 9.480, 8.260, 5.250, 4.130 R. Moscow 9.665, 7.440, 7.400, 7.355,
1205 Trans -World Radio 11.815*** (Sat, Sun) 7.205, 7.185, 7.150, 7.105,
1220 R. Ulan Bator 17.780 (variable), 15.440, 8.990 5.940
1230 R. Australia 9.580 2330 R. Moscow See 2300 listings
1245 Vatican Radio 21.485, 17.840 (weekdays) 2345 R. Japan 15.445, 15.270
1300 BBC 21.710, 17.790, 15.070
R. Japan 9.505
R. Pyongyang 9.515 *Via Ascension
R. RSA 21.535, 15.220, 11.900 **Via Tirana
R. Hanoi 10.040 ***Via Bonaire
Trans -World Radio 15.255***, 11.815*** (Sat) tVia Sackville
1315 Swiss BC 21.520, 15.140 ttVia Sofia
1400 BBC 21.710, 17.840*, 17.790, 15.070 tttVia Madagascar
(Sat) *Via Greenville
36
POPULAR ELECTRONICS

[Link]
 ' x

I,
t.r
%..,....
.. .
e.
t e,ie ,........1
,
e
..
ti. , il±.s s1.. . e
'311.
.
e

C! '711

Mir

KEYING OR ELECTRONIC
&.VCA IC PART 2

CI ITS INSTIl,: T
Gain -block IC, JFET, MOSFET, CMOS and digital keyers
By DON LANCASTER

AST MONTH, Part. discussed I First, the output is.a bilateral current by controlling the current fed into pin
what a keyer does and several dif- coming from avery high impedance 5 of the IC. Zero current provides zero
ferent types of keyers and vca's used source. Second, the internal current gain, while +100,µA provides a max-
in electronic musical instruments. We gain is linearly variable from zero yp imum useful gain.
continue here. with descriptions of
other types of keyers, including the
digital variety.

A Special Gain Block. The CA3080

is a special, inexpensive gain -block IC
made by RCA. It can serve either as -a TONE
voltage -controlled amplifier (vca) or /N/'h' T
as a two -quadrant multiplier, making it
almost ideal for use in electronic mu-
sical instruments.'
A typical circuit in which the CA3080 o
is used is shown in Fig. 1. While the IC Z.26K
looks like an ordinary operational am- NV
/N/c'4 T
o--1NV
plifier (the connections are about the
same as for the 741 op amp, in fact), Fig. 1. The CA3080 gain -block IC used as a vca.
there are some important differences. Cost of unit in large quantities is about 50 cents.
FEBRUARY 1975 37,

[Link]
TONE o- AloTE input. One problem is that the cutoff
/NouT /OK Dz/TPur 2.4,38 /5' voltage varies quite a bit from one
JFET to another. Thus, it may be
ENV,
/NP,v T
O-- ro/VE 0-AA/r--
//VP[/r /CM< necessary to adjust the envelope am-
NOTF
N3B/9 GUI rPi/ j plitude and off level to suit the particu-
lar JFET in use.
~Did
V.
r0 The MOSFET. Enhancement -mode
lR) MOS (metal -oxide silicon) FET's with
insulated gates can also be used as
Fig. 2. The JFET can he used in the shunt variable resistors. MOSFET's cost a bit
mode (A) or the series mode circuit (B). more than conventional JFET's, but
they have a number of distinct advan-
tages.
There are two inputs to the IC, in- more and more negative, the equiva- Shown in Fig. 3 are typical circuits in
verting (-) and noninverting (+). The lent resistance increases until the cut- which the 2N4351 MOSFET is used in
IC amplifies the difference voltage on off voltage is reached, at which point the shunt (A) and series (B) modes. If
these inputs and converts it to an out- the JFET acts as an open circuit. the substrate lead is permitted to float
put current. When an output load re- A JFET must be used in a shunt and the two -resistor feedback net-
sistor is put into the circuit as shown, mode (Fig. 2A), or the signal into the work is used exactly as shown, the cir-
the output current is converted to an virtual ground of an operational am- cuits can be operated with up to 10
output voltage. Therefore, the overall' plifier in the series mode (Fig. 2B) volts of peak-to-peak audio signal.
voltage gain is set by the load resistor must be summed to keep the control A voltage must be applied to the
and the control current fed into pin 5. or envelope voltage from appearing at gate of a MOSFET to drive the device
There are three important things to the output. (unlike the depletion -mode JFET that
remember when using the CA3080: (1) The input impedance on the control requires that a voltage be removed
always keep input signal levels below line is very high because a reverse - from the gate to turn it off). This per-
100 mV to prevent distortion and clip- biased diode is being driven as an mits the use of positive envelope and
TONE /AI, 's/T
control voltages.
Fig. 3. Typical circuits using a MOSFET. The MOSFET remains cut off until
Shunt mode is shown at (A); series at (B). the envelope input signal reaches +4
3k volts or so. Between +4 and +8 volts,
3M control of gain and resistance is more
NOTE
Our 'r or less linear. Any potential beyond +8
T'NE volts or so does not significantly
/NPUT
-O No TE
PaJ r
change the resistance.
The input impedance to the MOS-
.3.3 M FET is essentially infinite on the en-
ENV, O-
/NP[lT /X velope line. However, the feedback re-
sistors reduce the impedance to about
6 megohms, a value low enough to
(g) permit the use of small capacitors in
the envelope shaping circuitry. At $2
/vOr-
WPL/TS E'yYl/2`LOPE
ping; (2) always current-limit the input /NPVT.S
C/N
to pin 5 with not less than 100,000
ohms; (3) the voltage gain obtained
depends on the output load resistor. C
Ñ 8 /6

The JFET. The junction field effect /OX

IN O
transistor (JFET) can serve as a
small -signal, electrically variable re- T
sistor. JFET's are low in cost. Texas
Instruments' 2N3819 is a typical ex-
N 71
/o
NOTE
o o407,1/T
ample of such devices. Also, there is a
LL
OCTi9VE
Eyo
wide variety of custom JFET's for
variable -resistance applications, with
Siliconix offering several devices and
some good application notes.
The ac input signal to a JFET must
be kept very low in amplitude, prefer-
FE
ALL RBOv -J
co4/O4,9(00
Fig..',. This 12 -input
voltage -controlled amplifier
RESs2Ws NoTsassrmar) uses CMOS logic and costs
ably less than 10 mV peak-to -peak. 3.3M only 25 cents per input.
Grounding the gate input of an rSRME 1
n -channel JFET causes the device to
conduct heavily. As the gate is made
FA;G,G#A/71B IN -04
LJ R'S
aaov
Cvyoyy
f---

38
POPULAR ELECTRONICS

[Link]
 D/G/Ti4L //l/PL/T.S
(Y/
1 :° D/G/7-19L
(X)
/NPUT D/6/T77L /.UPLIT
r y,

z V
gNFLp6 /9NAL9b
/NPDT 0-- MCP/08-8 OUTP//T
(X) CXY9

NOTE: Y CAN BF_

bbdbbbbd 41.7,k

FNY,ELOPE O? X
O/G /Tf,L
No7*Ej crF /NPUT
l//CE YERS>9 (y)
(B)
Fig. 5. At (A) is digitally OR
controlled analog multiplier; 74/86
(B) is economical but unipolar
DIA converter; (C) is
all -digital .5.4.5 multiplier.
S/GN /28 6f/ 32 /6 8 if / ,
f,'Nfi[.OG
/NPUT FINRLdG /G/ 757L O//rP//T
x) y7K GY/TP(/T
(XY)
(xY)

1 rCJ
(p)
or so per device, the MOSFET tech- tortion permissible at this point in your ory can be in the form of a permanent
nique can be economically used on system. Since each keyer works on store, program card, or programma-
smaller polyphonic instruments. only one note, distortion changes the ble information store. One benefit of
harmonic structure of only the one this approach is the ability to generate
The CMOS Technique. There are note and does not intermodulate. any envelope you want, including
many games you can play with the The most important advantages of waveshapes that would be physically
CMOS digital -logic family of devices, the CMOS keying approach include impossible with conventional acous-
especially the industry standard very simple circuit design, low parts tical instruments. Precision resistors
CD4000 series. One obvious thing to cost and, electronically, very high im- are required for this particular circuit.
do is to bias a hex inverter to obtain six pedance on the envelope input lines. In Fig. 5B, all switching is accom-
n -channel MOSFET's, yielding six (A fully custom version of the Fig. 4 plished inside the Motorola
keyers in a $1 or $2 package. The re- circuit technique is used by one major MC1408P-8 IC. An analog input cur-
sultant unit keyer cost will then be 15c electronic organ manufacturer.) rent and a digital word are applied to
to 30c, which is the pricing you must While you are looking at CMOS de- the inputs. The output current is a
aim for when considering a fully vices, check out the quadrature ratio of the input current from zero to
polyphonic keying system on a large analog gate CD4016 IC. It cannot be full value in one of 256 discrete steps.
but reasonably priced instrument. used in a variable -gain mode, but it is This circuit is also useful for changing
The only catch to the above is that great for on/off control of electronic a digital to an analog envelope wave-
ordinary CMOS hex inverters contain music signals. Even in single -quantity form, or for converting digital timbre
input -protection diodes that make this prices, it costs only about 25¢ per information into an equivalent analog
essentially impossible. But the new channel. waveshape. One limitation of the de-
RCA CD4049 or. Motorola MC14049 vice is that the input current must be
IC's eliminate the problem. The circuit Going Digital. So far, only analog single -directional with respect to
for using these new IC's is shown in keying and control techniques have ground; so, an MC1408P-8 cannot be
Fig. 4. It is simply the circuit shown in been described. Digital techniques used directly for keying operations.
Fig. 3 repeated 12 times for a full can also be used in electronic music. In Fig. 5C is a 5 -bit by 5 -bit (5X5)
octave's worth of keying (12 notes), You will be seeing more EM digital digital multiplier that provides a digital
accomplished with three low-cost in- circuitry in th-G future. Let us take a word as the product of an input en-
tegrated circuits. brief look at some of the possibilities: velope word and an input tone word.
The signals must be limited to very In Fig. 5A, eight stages of CD4016 The five bits are derived from a pair of
low levels at the note inputs, pref- CMOS IC switching are used to set the 4X4 multipliers and an exclusive -OR
erably to between 50 and 100 mV rms gain of an operational amplifier to one gate to take care of the sign bits.
from a 400 -ohm source. Thanks to the part in 256. The gain can be set to any Though we would like to see more bits
operational amplifier, the output im- of 256 discrete values that are close than this, the cost rises considerably if
pedance from the system is low. The enough that they appear to continu- you shoot for greater accuracy.
output signal level is 2 volts peak -to - ously change in amplitude. There you have the keying and vca
peak. The resistors provide a lineariz- The tone signal is fed to the input of techniques commonly used in elec-
ing effect. Depending on your system, the operational amplifier, and en- tronic musical instruments. Good luck
however, you may be able to eliminate velope information is derived from a in applying these to your own instru-
the resistors. It all depends on the dis- mask or a digital memory. The mem- ment designs. Q
FEBRUARY 1975 39

[Link]
 first nine are driven directly by the
comparators. The tenth is controlled
by a one-shot multivibrator (IC5) to in-
dicate the peaks.
Two other comparators in 1C2 are
used as voltage regulators to supply a
reference voltage. A third regulator
made up of 03 ,and Q1 supplies the
higher current required for the display
filaments.
The resistor network made up of
.SOLID STATE R24 through R42 is arranged as an
R -2R ladder that allows a precision
V U METER voltage divider to be constructed
using only two different values of pre-
cision resistors. The consecutive ref-
erence voltages for the noninverting
inputs of the comparators are selected
to increase in 3 -dB steps from the low
end to the high end of the range. As
the rectified audio voltage to each
comparator's inverting (-) input
SOLID STATE reaches that of the associated nonin-
verting (+) input, the comparator
V U :METER switches to turn on its associated dis-
play filament. Thus, the number of fil-
aments turned on (illuminated) at any
instant is determined by the level of
the audio input.

Construction. The circuit can be as-

sembled on a pc board or a perforated
board. All of the components except
CONSTRUCTION for the power supply and the display
can be on the board. Sockets should
be used for the IC's.
When laying out the board, be sure
that wires carrying the comparator
outputs and inputs are not too close to
each other to avoid oscillation. Since
New bar -graph device provides signal -strength the output pins of the comparators are
readouts, accurate peak signals at one end of the package, there
should be no problem in getting .a
BY TERRY L. MAYHUGH satisfactory layout. The +V pin of
each IC should be bypassed to ground
by a 0.1-µF disc capacitor mounted as
VU METERS cannot accurately a wide dynamic range. close to the pin as possible.
read out momentary peaks due The readout element resembles a Output indicatorD/S1 and its socket
to meter -movement inertia. For exam- conventional DIP IC (in shape) and are cemented in a suitable rectangular
ple, the ballistics of a professional VU displays up to ten discrete signal cutout on the front panel. Since the
meter is standardized so that about levels on parallel filaments. In this incandescent filaments emit a white
0.30 second is required before a case, it has a dynamic range of 30 dB, light, a filter of almost any color can be
steady-state reading is reached. Obvi- with each sequential filament il- used in front of the display. In the pro-
ously, this is too slow to register the luminating fully at 3 dB over the pre- totype, a green filter was used.
fast peaks that occur in music. A ceding one. The tenth filament (the Any power supply delivering 12 volts
peak -responding LED is sometimes final 3 d B) is the peak signal indicator. at 200 mA can be used.
used to indicate the presence of such Diode D3 must 'be selected by trial
transients. Circuit Operation. As shown in Fig. and error. First, tack -solder a standard
Here is a "VU" meter that combines 1, potentiometer R1 sets the level of 1N914 into the circuit. Apply an input
the features of a standard VU and the the audio input to a precision full - audio signal of about 1 or 2 volts rms
peak indicator. It is a meter with no wave rectifier,that uses both halves of to J1 and adjust R1 until all 10 seg-
moving elements. The all -solid-state ICI. The rectified output is coupled to ments are lit. All 10 segments should
circuit is designed around a new in- 10 parallel voltage comparators in IC2, be bright, but there is a possibility that
candescent bar indicator that instan- IC3, and IC4. the first nine may not have equal
taneously shows relative signal Each of the 10 filaments in the dis- brightness due to different current -
strength, including sharp peaks, over play operates at 5 volts and 10 mA. The sinking capabilities of the corn -
40 POPULAR ELECTRONICS

[Link]
 R44 R45
4.7K 150K ,
RI4 -

10011_ - ' C6
_-,8
.1yF
C7

C5
.059F
..... DISPLAY VCC
WüNi} +9V
R25
R6 2K
20K R24
IK

RI6 "MAYA
IOOR 4 R27
2K ,
1/4
IC3
+

110-vNNVVV-1
AUDIO IN914 R29
INPUT.
"cc 2K
Cb*
JI T_'IPF

1/4
IC3
+

CI)*
CI .IyF 10011 `-8
47yF
1/4 14 :
9 IC3
+
SEG2
6V
R19
1001/
DISPLAY VCC 10
QI
2N2222

IC2,IC3, IC4=LM339; R34

PIN 3=VCC 2K
PIN 12 =GND R20
D3 10011 44
- ICI=558 (SEE [Link].
PIN 8. VCC TEXT) -

PIN- 9=GND SEE TEXT

+12V
INPUT R21
1001k r6

1/4
R7 RIO R13 IC4
2K Cb* 7011
1 K
[Link]

+9V

R40
2K
C4 1/4
220F IC4
R42
IK

Fig. 1. Thé audio signal is rectified ant applied to'

sequential comparators, which turn, on filaments in display. parators. If there is a noticeable differ-
ence in segment brightness, use two
PARTS -LIST diodes in series for D3. Recheck the
(Two of each needed for stereo) R35,R37,R39,R41,R42-1000-ohm, brightness. At least one diode must be
CI -47-µF tantalum capacitor -I% resistor
R3,R7,R8,R 11,R25,R27,R29,R31,R34, used for D3; but as many as three
C2--6.8-1JF tantalum capacitor
C3,C4-22-µF tantalum capacitor R36,R38,R40-2000-ohm, l% resistor (connected in series) may be used to
C5 -0.05-µF ceramic capacitor R6 -20,000 -ohm, 5% resistor get the desired brightness.
' C6 --0.1-µF ceramic capacitor R 10-1000-ohm,5% resistor _

C7 -1-1.¿F tantalum capacitor . R13 -470-ohm, -5% resistor

DI,D2-1N914 diode R14 to R23-100 -ohm, 5% resistor Use. Since the meter has a relatively
D3-See text R33 -420-ohm, 1% resistor - high input impedance, it can be con-
DIS1-Bar indicator light (see note), R43 -510-ohm, 5% resistor
IC1-558 dual op amp R44 -4700-ohm, 5% resistor nected directly across the speaker
IC2,IC3,IC4-LM339 quadruple com- R45 -150,000 -ohm, 5% resistor terminals of any audio amplifier. In
parator (National) Misc.-IC sockets (6), transparent filter, fact, two meters can be used for stereo
105-555 timer cement, mounting hardware,, power
J 1-Phono connector supply. balance tests.
Q1 -2N2222 transistor (or similar) '_ Note-Bar indicator (3015Q) is available Adjust potentiometer R1 so that the
R1 -10,000 -ohm potentiometer from Readouts, Inc., Box 149, bel last segment flickers on the required
R2,R4,R5,R9,R 12,R26,R28,R3C,R32, Mar, CA 92014, for $4.25, plus postage.
audit peaks.
FEBRUARY 1975 41

[Link]
POWER SURGES
AND SEMICONDUCTORS
BY LESLIE SOLOMON
Technical Editor

MOST repair problems on elec- energy involved in the surge is related The stored energy in the ac circuit is
tronic equipment can be traced to the impedance of the system, which the source of the destructive energy as
to failures of parts due to simple usually falls in the range of 100 to 300 the dc stored energy is dissipated
things like overheating, vibration, or ohms for a branch circuit. This means through the forward path of the rec-
even sheer carelessness-as when a that, in a typical home, the impedance tifiers. If high -current rectifiers are
screwdriver gets stuck in the wrong at the common service entrance could used, a higher dc current will flow in
place. These faults are relatively easy be about 5 to 10 ohms. However, this the load circuit; and if this is suddenly
to locate and correct; but sometimes low value exists only for a small frac- interrupted, large transients can be
(particularly when semiconductors tion of a microsecond of pulse travel generated.
are involved) we hit a real "puzzle- time. Connected loads have a lower Keep in mind that these sudden
ment." These problems can't be solved impedance than a branch circuit and transients may be many times larger
even with the aid of the most sophisti- will be dependent on frequency where than the maximum peak voltages of
cated test gear. inductive components are present. the various semiconductor junctions.
In such cases, the problem is: These loads will absorb part of the Also keep in mind that semiconduc-
though semiconductors have no energy, thus lowering the peaks. Elec- tors are not like vacuum tubes that can
known wear-out mechanism when tric motors and transformers have tolerate some overvoltage without
operated within specified limits, how substantial insulation, which may ac- sustaining permanent damage. A fast
can they suddenly fail catastroph- count for their rare failures. Defective peak, that may occur only once, may
ically?" How can a piece of equipment wiring practices may cause flashover, be enough to blast a semiconductor
containing all the correct compo- without the 60-Hz power follow. junction out of existence, yet not
nents, with a well -regulated power damage any other parts. That is why,
supply and proper voltages, suddenly Other Types of Surges. High -vol- in some inoperable circuits, all com-
drop dead? It can happen anywhere, tage surges also spring from other - ponents except the semiconductors,
even in mobile. equipment located far than power -line sources. For example, are in good condition. This is also one
from an ac power line. take the simple case of an on -off reason diode protection is found in
switch in the primary circuit of a trans- some signal circuits. The diodes allow
Line Surges. The answers to some former. If the transformer is suddenly up to 0.5 V to pass, yet look like shorts
of these questions were provided in a energized, or de -energized, at the when the voltage exceeds this value.
recent paper written by engineers at peak of the input power waveform, a
General Electric. Their findings are transient of approximately twice the Mobile Equipment. Consider a whip
worth bearing in mind. normal peak voltage of the secondary antenna mounted on a fast-moving
In monitoring the power lines of can occur. If there is any contact vehicle in dry air. Think of the amount
about 400 locations in 20 cities, these bouncing when energizing the trans- of static voltage being built up on the
engineers found some astoundingly former, much higher transients may antenna. Couple this with the possibil-
high voltage surges. A few were as occur. These transient voltages are ity of lightning -produced charges in
high as 2500 or even 5600 volts and in due to the interruption of the mag- the air. Or consider what happens if
six locations, there were surges over netizing current. Transients in excess the car passes under a high-tension
1200 volts more than once a day. of 10 times the normal voltage have line just as a large transient goes down
These were not prolonged peaks, of been observed across rectifiers if the line. To protect mobile equipment,
course, but extremely short transients there is no load on the system. Unless a neon lamp can be connected be-
that suddenly appeared on the power a low -impedance path is provided, this tween the antenna and ground to act
line. can be generated across the load. If as a "short" when the static voltage
What causes these sudden surges? the rectifiers have insufficient PRV rat- exceeds a certain value. An r -f choke
In some cases, they have been traced ings, they can be destroyed. can also be connected between the
to the operation of an oil burner, a If there is any inductance in a antenna and ground to act as a short
fluorescent lamp bank, a pump motor, power -supply circuit (such as a to the static voltage, yet present a high
a refrigerator, etc. In other cases, no choke), interrupting the power line impedance to received signals.
amount of deliberate load switching can produce transients as the mag- As for power -line transients in the
could produce the transients. Some netic field collapses. It is also possible home or shop, it is pretty difficult to
surges were traced to local lightning to get large transient voltages on the turn a power supply on or off exactly at
storms. (Film recordings, made on os- dc side of the rectifier as opening the the zero crossing. One solution is to
cilloscopes, showed distinct oscilla- dc load circuit can produce an amount use one of the transient suppressors
tory characteristics of approximately of energy proportional to the stored now being offered by a number of
300 kHz. This suggests shock oscilla- energy of the ac line and transformer. manufacturers. These can be found in
tion of the home power system.) This is greatest when the dc circuit is the pages of most of the larger elec-
The question of the amount of opened with a high current flowing. tronics catalogs.
42 POPULAR. ELECTRONICS

[Link]
 a chal-
who likes com-
person of friendly
Ir OR THEthe spirit in electronics,.
lenge, tinkering game to
and
build.

petition,a new electronic -War." is pressed,

"Tug-of button
is
here of nine
It's calledthe START in a chain
When light At approximately blinks LUNDEGARD
middle LED
up. has a
ROGER Corp..,

the lights aGO AND

to try to
LED's intervals, player
Each C. FROSTHOLM
five -second to his
for a moment. he operates over BY ROBERT
on which LED by being Signetics
pushbutton the illuminated button
"pull" This is accomplished the PLAYER
push on. However, his
'side.
first one to comes pushesLED
light
the
the Go If a player the lit
after is a catch. GO light, toward the
there before the position
button one
will advance end.
opponent's

in ad-
his around
way to
succeeds
Built
555 timer
player all the
one on and
When the lit 'LED comes can be
light
vancing WINNER A new game button. popular
this electronic
the and
end, is over. the START
,the game pushing a circuit indi-
by add signal
started can also audible
You to give an devices, will
the game. a project
speakerwho won uses
, cating The project around game
(built
[Link] -an up-down your
Circuit 10 timing
of
total dual 555
timers), gates.
logic is a clock
challenge
three and some 1,_/CIk ap-
a pulse The
counter, in Fig. reflexes.
As shownthat generates five seconds.R2, and
oscillator every by R1, of time
proximately
is determined period
the short
timing
Cl. During

Pt A co

fEQAUAft

[Link]
 +V

R2 R3 R4 R5 I234 1R6 R7
6801( 4300 200K 2.2 2.2K 200K 2.2K

LED I.q
GO

RI
20K
// C4
IyF PARTS LIST
4 7 Cl,C5-10-µF electrolytic capacitor
2,6 5 1 3 e C2,C6,C 17,C I9 to C23 -0.01-µF capac-
IC IA IC2A IC2B x

C13
itor
C2 I4 7
CI
31
.01
12
.IyF C3,C4,C8,C11-1-µF electrolytic ca-
yF
109F - r
Y
pacitor
C7, C10, C13, C14, C15, C16, C27, C28-
0.1 -µF
capacitor
-1--C29
+V C9,C12-0.001-µF capacitor
R8 R9 2.2yF RIO C18-Not used.
390K 22K 2.2K
lo C24,C25,C26--47-14,F, 15 -volt electrolytic
4
capacitor
ICIB IC7A C29 -2.2-µF electrolytic capacitor
12,13
C30 -500-1000µF, -volt electrolytic
C5
[Link]{gvv
C6 OIyF
capacitor
15

D1 to D8-I.N914 diode
R12 -R20=62011 D9 to D12-IN2071 diode
LED 2 - LED
10
ICI,IC8,1C9-556A dual timer (Signetics)
C2-553B quadruple timer (Signetics)
IC3,1C7-7400 quadruple NAND
IC4-8251 B BCD -to -decimal (Signetics)
IC5-74192 up/down counter
IC6-8241A quadruple exclusive OR
(Signetics)
ICIO-LM309DB 5 -volt regulator (Sig-
netics)
LEDI,LEDII-GGreen MV5253 (Mon-
santo)
A
LED2 to LEDIO-Red MV5053 (Mon-
B
santo)
RI -20,000 -ohm, 1/4 -watt 10% resistor
R2 -680,000 -ohm, 1/4 -watt 10% resistor
R3-430-ohm,'/4-watt, 10% resistor
R4,R6-200,000-ohm, 1/4 -watt 10% resis-
Fig. 1. Clock oscillator IC1A drives IC2A and IC2B to tor
generate two successive gate intervals. Output of ICIB is R5,R7,R10,R11,R22,R23,R27,R32,R34-
xi

4.3-s pulse, inverted to a 0.7-s pulse by IC7A. Upldown 2200-ohm, 1/4 -watt 10% resistor
R8 -390,000 -ohm, '/a -watt 10% resistor
counter (IC5) and BCD -to -decimal circuit (IC4) drive LED's. R9,R25,R30-22,000-ohm, 1/4 -watt 10%
resistor
R12 to R21 -620 -ohm, 1/4 -watt 10% resis-
tor
R24,R29-2700-ohm, '/-watt 10% resistor
R26,R3I,R38,R40-2000-ohm, '/4 -watt
10% resistor
R28,R33-510-ohm, '/4 -watt 10% resistor
PIN 5
1 t ti 5 SECONDS
i R35,R36-1 30,000-ohm, 1 -watt 10% re-
ILIA sistor
(CLOCK) F" R37 -75,000 -ohm, 1/4 -watt 10% resistor
R39-120,000 -ohm, 1/4 -watt 10% resistor
SI ,S2,S3-Spst temporary -contact push-
button switch
Y
Spkr-8-ohm speaker
TI -6.3-volt filament transformer (Triad
F-I4X or similar)
Misc.-Suitable Cabinet, line cord, rubber
x
-t3I_..75 grommets (I1), press -type, mounting
hardware, IC sockets (9), clip -on heat
sink for ICIO, solder, wire, etc.
Note-The following are available from
ff ,
PIN 9 1
Four Seasons Mfg. Corp., 1071 Peninsu-
ICIB lar, Los Altos, CA 94022: IC package
containing ICI through IC lO for $24;
etched and drilled pc board (TW202) for
$6.95: wood case with metal top plate
t4-+1 screened and drilled (TW206) for $9.95.
ff California residents add sales tax. All
prices include shipping in U.S. only.
Fig. 2. Timing diagram shows relationship between
pulses at X, Y, and Z. If a player operates switch
belóre LED1 is lit (during t1), he is penalized.

44 POPULAR ELECTRONICS

[Link]
 +v
that this oscillator "sinks" current,
LED! is turned on. The pulse also trig- R29 R25 R26 R27
2.7K 22K 2K 2.2K
gers IC2A and IC1 B. The former is a
C14
one-shot multivibrator whose "on" .19F
time is determined by R4 and C3. 14
IC2C 15

Since this timer is edge -triggered and

the state of the trigger has no effect on C7

the output pulse, IC2A can be coupled

to IC2B to provide a second pulse of
equal duration (determined by R6 and
.IyF

-- cIyF

R28
51011
8
14
10
D3

IgLC3A_)83
C4). The outputs at points X and Y are
sequential pulses of equal duration. '13
D4
When IC1B is triggered, it produces IC3BI
I

,12
a one-shot output pulse of about 4.3 D5
seconds, determined by R8 and C5.
This pulse is inverted by IC7A to pro-
duce a pulse of about 0.7 second dura-
tion just prior to each clock pulse. The
pulse at point Z is used to penalize the
player who attempts to anticipate the
clock and jumps the gun. The timing
diagram in Fig. 2 shows the sequence
of events.
The circuitry for the players is
shown in Fig. 3. The two circuits are
identical except that their outputs are
reversed to enable one to drive an
up/down counter (/C5 in Fig. 1) in one
direction and vice versa. The players'
positions are keyed around one -shots
(IC2C and IC2D). D8
To see how the circuits work, as-
141
sume player B does not touch his but-
ton when thew light comes on or that Fig. 3. Player circuits are identical. Outputs of one-shot
player A is very fast and is able to press circuits are compared with timing pulses on X, Y and Z.
his button during time period t2 (Fig.
2). Then the pulse generated by IC2C
is applied to an AND gate with the pulse
from point Y. Two exclusive OR gates
(IC6A and IC6B) act as a frequency
doubler and provide two pulses at
point A, which are applied to pin 4 of
IC5. This causes IC5 to count down
two steps. The BCD -to -decimal de-
coder(lC4) takes the output of IC5 and
causes the lit LED to move two posi-
tions toward the A end.
If player A is not quite as fast and
pushes his button during period t3,
the output of IC2C and the pulse at

v++

v+
117V C19}....
.OIyFI .OIyF
TC22
OIyF
60ry C30 C28 Iy
500yF .IyF

Fig. 4. Optional sound -output circuit

is two gated tone -burst generators,
Fig. 5. Power supply delivers tu'o each having a different frequency
different voltages for the project. to create separate sounds for players.

FEBRUARY 1975 45

[Link]
 01110110

panano
0oO,. oo.:
o
O O a O 0
000.- 09.
o

00.
a 8
rOO:
O
Fig. 6. Foil oil ÓO
patterns for
the double -sided
pc board are
shown at right
and below.

both players press their buttons at the

same time, the signals cancel each
other. After playing the game for some
time, the players' reflexes will appear
to have improved to the point where
the game becomes a standoff. In this
event, reduce the values of R4 and R6
to shortent2and t3. Resistors R26 and
R31 should be reduced by the same
percentage asR4 and R6 to reduce the
possibility of confusion in the AND
gates, since the pulses at X and Y will
be much shorter.
When one player has moved the lit
LED to his end, LED11 is lit and diodes
Dl and D2 prevent any further action
until the START button is operated.
The game can be made more excit-
ing by adding a circuit to provide an
audible indication of which player has
won. The circuit is shown in Fig. 4.
Tone bursts are generated by IC8 and
IC9. Each half of IC8 acts as a one-shot
o which determines how long the as-
sociated half of IC9 is activated. The
two halves of IC9 are oscillators with
outputs of different frequencies.
point X are applied to AND gate IC3B. soon, the pulses from IC2C and point When a player wins a game, the signal
Then only one pulse appears at point Z are applied to AND gate IC78 and the at A or B causes the appropriate cir-
A, and the lit LED advances only one output at point B causes the counter cuit to provide a sound through the
position toward A. to go in the other direction. loudspeaker.
When player A tries to anticipate the The circuit for player B operates in The simple power supply shown in
GO light and presses his button too the same way as that for player A. If Fig. 5 can be used for the Tug -of-War.
46 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
[Link]
 CI-40)P
i
Pr
!
Fp 011
I

I1 -Á
v V
ro118 '

=, t
,""< -,, ..,.
c
,..
`°
;.f' .

, '_-'++R..

4 ;
iar---
¿- 4
- .
P.
Du
iiP

:
TUG-OF-WAR

_N, `..

Photograph of interior of the Tug-O :War

shows mounting of printed circuit board
with power supply transfhrmer and
optional speaker for sound at right.

Construction. A double -sided pc

board such as that shown in Fig. 6 can
be used for the Tug -of-War. Don't use
sockets for the IC's. Since the top of
B A the pc board is primarily a ground

6.3V
TI 1.012-4-011
ICIO
e --I R26
*I
17 J-04 plane, it is important to remember that
components must be carefully
) IC3
mounted so that their leads do not
rD3
.
ñl * A-0:

.C2C4 touch the ground, though some com-

INSERT WIRE

RI-ti v ¡ t R33
C5 AND SOLDER
-R2- RR
LED A
I -RS-aC f
I

*-CI
II

#
R4-
C3- P
S3
GDI7H
I R28
UPPER
PAD
BOTH END
ponents and IC pins are soldered on
C2- ICI -C6-* -1 / / Cl2-# the top side of the board to provide a
SI
f F\ n. *
(}R34-+
r-D6- *-C9
?.-R24 -R32+ ground. These points are indicated in
LED
ANODES * {f-C4- - CISR29- -R27 PC LOWER
Fig. 7 with an asterisk.
LEDI
RII C29-.
RIO
-R7--
rR30
R22vR23-0 BOARD PAD
CATH.
#-C28-+
R9 -KM,J,.#-C10 1
CII 1 I
Since the board does not have
*-RI7--* R6
R31
IC7 plated -through holes, coincident pads
9 S2* 1 J
I
*--R19-+ <I ( (A -O) on both sides should be inter-
TR20
II-?"21-. *-GND FOR

6--e-RI6- 440a0e00 t-D5 **!m5*

SWITCHES connected by small lengths of wire
Dx
105
LED
CATH $-we-R15ti IC4 ` \ .D6 P
through the holes and soldered on
4_,!:-R14-6 0'1'1.$CRA DI2
"-- .fl .*SPKR
C25

* -C27- / C24_ f R37 both sides. Use a clip -on heat sink for
2-y-R12
3 R13-+

TUG- OF- WAR 0

rR36 *-C21 -C20-*
C19
*
P integrated circuit IC10.
R3 IC9 C
R38
The LED's and switches are mount-
*=SOLDER TO CI6 R40 ed on the top cover as shown in the
GROUND
FOIL
PLANE
*-C30- \i t* -C17C26
SPKR 0
I
.R.-C22=#
*-C23-
i photograph. All use 1/4" holes with
grommets for the LED's. Short lengths
of insulated wire are used to connect
the LED's and switches to the board.
Mount the LED's so that proper po-
sitioning and polarity are observed
Pig. Coinpouents must be mounted carefully
7.
-with LED6 at the center of the line,
since the topof the pc board is primarily LED2 toward player A end, and LED10
a ground plane. Some convections, however,
at the other end. Green LED's are used
are made to the top side of hoard (asterisk).
for the WINNER and GO indicators,
while the others are red.
EBRUARY 1975 47

[Link]
PE
TESTED II

BUILD A
"UNIVERSAL" .

--
DIGITAL
`.^....._.
, - . ? © "-
r i
I a

PROBE . .
^. n_ `..«19.27.4

-'r~1----____--_ _.._-'",-
Tests virtually any digital logic family at speeds to 10 MHz.

BY JAMES P. TIERNEY

MANY different designs for digi- ered in logic probe design is frequen- tached to the body of the probe for
tal logic test probes have ap- cy response. Most testers will not re- easy connection to the circuit being
peared in the past few years. Most spond to high frequencies. Thus ex- tested.
tend to favor a specific logic family, tremely short duration pulses are lost The heart of the circuit is dual dif-
with TTL getting the most attention. and, in some cases, cause signal deg- ferential comparator integrated circuit
Few, if any, are capable of checking radation in the circuit being tested. IC1 in Fig. 1. The IC1B half checks for
ECL and MOS devices and circuits. The universal probe solves this prob- a logic 1. Its pin -8 output is held iow
The logic probe described here is de- lem by being able to respond to fre- until the input on pin 5 from the probe
signed for testing virtually all the quencies in excess of 10 MHz. Fur- is 5 mV (or greater) above the voltage
logic families currently in use, includ- thermore, it will check for a logic or 1 applied to pin 6. The latter is deter-
ing RTL, DTL, TTL, ECL, and MOS de- logic 0 within 5 mV of a set value. mined by the setting of R5 and ranges
vices and circuits. from -1 V to +5.25 V dc. When the
The universal logic probe, while About the Circuit. The tester is input is greater than the voltage on pin
larger than "ordinary" testers, is also made up of two parts: a small case 6, the output of the comparator sends
completely self-contained. It has its containing all of the electronics (in- Q1 into conduction to cause a 1 to be
own built-in battery power supply to cluding two controls that permit you displayed.
simplify test hookups. (Most popular to preset the logic levels) and a probe The 0 part of the circuit operates in
test probes derive their power from assembly with attached cable. The the opposite manner. The input on pin
the circuit under test.) probe itself contains a 7 -segment 13 must be more negative than the
An important factor to be consid- LED display. The ground lead is at - preset voltage on pin 12, determined

'0 SET
R9 RB R7

-v
8K 10K 18K
+V R201 PARTS LIST
2N3904
B1,B2-9-volt battery
B3,B4-1.5-volt battery (AA cell)
C1-10-pF, 10 -volt capacitor
C2,C3-0.1-µF, 10 -volt capacitor
D1,D2-IN751A zener diode
-
1
RI D3 to D6-IN34 diode (or similar)
PROBE-s--MMMA---- =CI D7-1N753A zener diode
TIP j,,,-
cl `
72720
_- DIS1-Seven-segment LED display (Mon-
santo MAN -3 or similar)
GND ICI -72720 dual differential comparator
Q1,Q2-2N3904 transistor (or similar)
The following resistors are Vs watt:
RI -1000 ohms
R2-10 ohms
+ V-rnr , 10.8K
R4 R5
10K
R6
8K
R3-40 ohms
R4-10,800 ohms
R6.R9-8000 ohms
I SET R7-18,000 ohms
Ti +v R10-5000 ohms
R11-6.8 ohms
SI A R5.R8-10,000 ohm, miniature potenti-
ometer
' 81
9V
Misc.-Length of three -conductor
T. -- shielded cable, plastic felt-tipped pen,
82 1N753A ' cement, needle tip, knobs (2), press -on
9V DIS 1 type, battery connectors, chassis,
V MAN -3
-
mounting hardware, etc.
Fig. -1. Dual comparators sense the voltage at probe tip.
48 ' . POPULAR ELECTRONICS

[Link]
 > RII

POT
TOR I R6
1

0 POT
TOR o
R9
T83T VE 3V TEST

/3390V E
3VCPER
0 SET
T32 0
INPUT
TU911f
V-
1 SET

GND

10
Fig. 2 Foil pattern (might) and component installation.

by the setting of R8. The range here is higher current required for the out and wrap it around the plastic
from -2 V to +3 V dc. When this sec- seven -segment display. case. Feed the tip lead through the
tion of the comparator turns on, Q1 front opening on the case. Seat the
saturates, and the 0 portion of the dis- Construction. The tester can be as- display in place and cement it secure-
play is illuminated. sembled on a printed circuit board ly. Fabricate a needle tip and solder it
Diodes 03 and D4, in conjunction using the actual -size etching and drill- to the probe tip lead. Cement this in
with capacitors C2 and C3, ensure ing guide shown in Fig. 2. However, if place.
that, once the indicator is activated, it When assembly is complete, con-
care is exercised, the circuit could be
will remain on long enough to be seen, assembled on perforated board using nect a voltmeter between the rotor of
even with reasonably high pulse repe- point-to-point wiring. potentiometer R5 and ground. Rotate
tition frequencies. Resistors R2, R3, Mount the board and batteries in an this potentiometer between its two ex-
and R11 provide current limiting for enclosure approximately 11/2" by 3" by tremes and mark the 1 -volt calibration
the display. Diodes D5 and D6 form a 51/2" as shown in Fig. 3. Note that part points on the front panel at the rotor of
gate that allows testing the indicator of the box is used to store the probe R5. Do the same for R8. Don't forget to
before operation. Diodes D1 and D2 and cable when not in use. The two indicate the polarity. Also make sure
protect the IC inputs. Resistor R10, that the rotor of R8 is always more
potentiometers and switch are
with D7, converts the 18 V from bat- mounted on one end of the chassis negative than the rotor of R5.
teriesBl and B2to-6V and +l2Vfor
the IC. Batteries B3 and 84 provide the Fig. 4. The probe can be
fabricated from a plastic TO
3 -CONDUCTOR
felt -tipped pen case. GND
LEAD DIS I SHIELDED
CUTOUT FLEXIBLE
FOR DIS CABLE "O"

-CH
I

, _u_ INPUT
NEEDLE
° R8 SI R5 TIP PLASTIC PEN CASE
GND

P
R
0 CIRCUIT with appropriate identifications made Operation. To check a logic circuit,
B
with press -on type. determine the high and low voltages
E BOARD
The probe can be made from a used for the l's and 0's of the circuit being
S plastic felt -tipped pen case as shown tested. Set the two potentiometers ac-
L in Fig. 5. Using a three -conductor cordingly. Attach the probe ground to
OT °1 shielded flexible cable, identify the the circuit ground. Place S1 in the test
leads as 0, 1, and tip. Make the tip lead position (T). The display should indi-
long enough to go through the end of cate both a 0 and a 1 (which looks like
the plastic case. Cut an opening on the the letter P). Place S1 in the operate
side of the case slightly smaller than position and touch the probe tip to the
2 B3,4
circuit being tested. A logic 0 or logic
B 1 B
the LED display. Feed the 0 and 1 leads
1 should be properly displayed; or, if
through this hole. On the display, in-
terconnect segment leads A, B, F, and the circuit is transitioning between 0
o G. Solder the 0 lead to this combina- and 1; both sections of the display will
tion. Solder the 1 lead to the E seg- light. If the display remains blank, the
ment. Connect the display common to test point is operating somewhere be-
Fig. 3 Layout of chassis the coax shield. Feed the shield lead tween 1 and 0, which means some-
as used in prototype. through a small hole below the read- thing is wrong.
49
FEBRUARY 1975

[Link]
 u ATE
Y+ UR IGITAL CLOAK
[12 A
The` proliferation of digital we have a circuit that provides hourly
electronic clocks in the last few
AN years has been phenomenal. Particu-
chimes (at least, an audible tone) for
your clock.
larly popular was the "Low -Cost Digi- The circuit for the chimer uses the
HOURLY tal Clock" project published in these 1 -Hz cdunting frequency from a
digi-
pages in March 1973. Never satisfied tal clock, the. 1-2-4-8 outputs of the
CHIMER With the status quo, electronic ex-
perimenters have come up with all
ones -of-hours counter and the 10 and
20 outputs of the tens -of -hours
BY JEFFREY GLICK kinds of add-ons for their clocks- counter. The latter must be high when
, -alarms, power supplies, etc. Now, the tens -of-hours readout indicates a

HRS
ONES

2b IH:

+5V
12 41 II 9
Q
IC5-7473
C

2ILI 5L

A -O =7486 -ICJ K -N .7402 -IC4

7486=IC2
E,F =1l2 O,P =I/27486(IC2), ONE.
G-J=7402-IC3 >, INPUT FLOATING

50
POPULAR ELECTRONICS

[Link]
 w 10 or 20, but low ,otherwise. The
operating power can also be taken sPKR

from the digital clock. `'5lS1

The exclusive -OR gates (A -F) nor-
mally have low signals on their inputs .OIyF ti2K

but when theclock changes the hour, +12V r. 2.2K 22K /Fi-
the signal to one of the gates .01yF
22K 22K
changes. This produces a high output T1yF
from the NAND gate (1/21C7). The latter
triggers a one-shot multivibrator
(M,N) to reset the counter (IC5,IC6) to O
I/2 7473 -
zero. Simultaneously the 1 -Hz clock c
+5 TRIGGER
signal is gated through gates O and J. 2 Hz

to start the count on IC5 and IC6.

The 1 -Hz clock signal also turns on
a tone generator (K,L) which provides
MANY electronic digital clocks
a beep once per second. Audio out-
put is through, a small (1"), low -
I Hz - have such novel accessories as
snooze alarms, hour beepers, and
impedance speaker.
even electronic chimes. But what
When the counter reaches the state DOUBLER
functioning
.5K about the soothing. tick-tock of a
that disables the
grandfather's clock? Worry no more!
exclusive -OR gate, the NAND gate is
You can make your digital clock
inhibited stopping the 1 -Hz toggle, sound like a grandfather's clock very
which stops the counter and the
beep. Thus, the beep occurs once per
A easily with the aid of the logic circuit
,

shown here. It can be assembled on

second until it has indicated the
number of hours. GRANDFATHER'S perforated board or a pc board, and
the power can be obtained from your
ii
TICK-TOCK existing clock.
If you have a clock that indicates
BY WILBUR MARKY seconds, then the -Hz timing signal
1

can be found at the toggle input of the

first decade counter. If the smallest
indication you have is minutes, you
clocks was described. Unfortunately, will have to locate the 1 -Hz signal in
a lot of people can drift back to sleep the countdown that feeds the units of
AN ALARM after the alarm first goes off and com- minutes counter. If you have a single -
pletely miss the 10 minutes. To pre- chip clock, and there is no access to a
FOR HEAVY vent this, the circuit shown =here can 1 -Hz signal, you can build a divide -
by -60 from a couple of 7490's to pro-
be added to keep the alarm going
duce the synchronized 1 -Hz signal
SLEEPERS .
beyond 10 minutes.
Circuit (A) was used in the original from the ac side of the transformer.
The 1 -Hz signal (square wave) is
BY JERRY McELWEE - alarm. The 7411 IC operated off of the
tens -of -hours, ones -of -hours and coupled to a 7400 TTL chip arranged
tens -of -minutes signals from the as a digital frequency doubler. The
clock. When the signals agreed with 2 -Hz signal is then passed to a conven-
N THE December 1973 issue of
POPULAR ELECTRONICS (p. 61), a the set time, the output of the 7411 was tional divide -by -2 flip-flop (which can
used to drive some type of. external be any TTL chip having a single flip-
-10-minute alarm add-on for digital
alarm. However, as soon as the tens - flop available). The output of this flip-
- HRS of -minutes signal stopped, the output flop is then passed to a two -transistor
TENS
signal stopped. sound generator, with one transistor
HRS
ONES
OUT
Circuit (B) shows how to extend the havirg a simple capacitor coupling to
MIN length of time that the alarm is on, no generate the "tick," and the other hav-
TENS
matter what happens on the selected ing a filter to remove the high -
(A) frequency components and generate
input signals. It uses three OR gates
(in a 7432) and a switch wired as the "took." Any type of npn switching
HRS shown. When the switch is closed, and transistor can be used. The trans-
TENS at the selected time, the OR gates are formar can be a standard unit for
ALARM
ON/OFF turned on and the 7411 delivers the push-pull output transistors with a
I

7411
14
alarm signal. However, the output 2000 -ohm center -tapped primary and
HRS 2
ONES'
OUTPUT signal is fed back to the second input a secondary impedance to match the
13 7
of the OR gates which keeps them on speaker.
O
until the switch is opened. If the switch Connect the circuit as shown, install
GND
MIN is located far enough from the bed, the the board in the present clock case
TENS
OR GATES sleeper will have to get up to turn off and attach the speaker to the wall of
7432 the case.
the alarm. Q.
FEBRUARY 1975 - 51

[Link]
 _

SOLID STATE
OSCILLOSZPE -
COMPU--RAINER TUBE & TRANSI3T

'
TESTER
-n 10-.
talsote
_

30.. ;0*-No,
°o,,, .
1
what y
;ICY-
--ti-

.1>.:: i #4P'
-1

otel Islas
o =

.¢
11 -.wyiLN=r1,L nO
- r,.7.¡

&_-''C0?Pl-1Pfl-i6 DIGITAL
tompate M L LTIMETER

po1C

tuition e _
..
11~.~1,

.,..
p -
,,,.
.
\

I,
:.:

'' _
.
i
4:11
'. ' ';
wRr,

;. o

[t.;.0
t,l
!

`
r.

QRv -^.
..ID-,'..-:-- __- 7f_
I !b

. i "
1k " -a .

ELECTRO - LAB HTS DIG!T,4L GR-2000 SOLID STATE _

9 TROJBLESHOOTER
COLOR -TV WITH 315 SQ. IN. PICTURE NOM
AND VARACTOR DIGITAL TUNING
As an NTS student you'll acquire the know-how that - better equipment that gets you, better equippedfor
comes, with first-hand training on NTS professional the electronics industry: -

equipment. Equipment you'll build and keep. Our This electronic. gear is not only designed for train-
courses include equipment like the 5" tiolid-state ing; it's field type -=like you'll_meeton the job, cr
oscilloscope, transistor and tube-tester,vector moni- when you're making service calls. And with NTS
tor scope; 74 sq. in., B&W TV, and solid state stereo easy -to -read, profusely illustrated lessons you learn'
AM -FM receiver. The unique NTS Digital GR-2000 the theory behind these tool's of the trade.
color TV with first ever features like silent varactor Choose from 12 NTS courses covering, a wide range
diode tuning; digital channel selection,; (with op= of fields in electronics, each complete with equip-
tional digital clock,) and big 315 sq. in. ultra rectan== ment: lessons, and manuals to make your training
guiar screen. This is just a sampling of the kind of more practical and interesting. `:
Simulated TV reception
[Link]
 IN-CIRCUIT TRANSISTOR TESTER.
/
a -
F Rl,
'},'.r'x.,; HIGH =IDELI-Y
`4 SPEAKERS,
:4z ¡Y.: L t9 SOLIC STATE STEREO
. " AM FM RECEIVER
. AMFL FIER

. '_ -'
COLOR BAO/DOT
-
0Q GENERATOR
R
= 1
._
y _

'yºf sr
....r..`
J
I
`

LO-SILHD
SUPERHET RADIO
/

g. .iigib.

VECTOR MONITOR
SCOPE
F
SOLID STATE
SAW TV

+
^

1/-
,f -.
r 'l'
are»,
,,,¡...:
'
'

1
n
_v

N
i

..
;liT'1
' . tt
z-i
'11
_

SIGNAL
--- FET VOM SOLID STATE 2 -METER SOLID STATE GENERATOR
POCKET RADIO
SIGNAL FM TRANSCEIVER AND
5" OSCILLOSCOPE TRACER -- POWER SUPPLY

Compare'ourttraining; compare our tuition. We em- it. Make your own decision. Mail the card, or Write if
ploy no middlemen because we need rio salesmen. _card is missing. There's no obligation, ever, and no
We believe yo:.1 have the right to make your own de Salesman will call:
cisions based on the facts, and you'll find these all Approved forVeteran Training. Get facts on new
spelled out indour catalog mailing. Lessons, kits, and 2 -year extension.
experiments are -described in full color. Most liberal
refund policy=and cancellation privileges it's all in - SCHOOLS
writing. And cur low tuition is another big advantage: NATIONAL
No frills, no commissions to pay.. This means lower TE CHWICAL-TRADE TRAINING SINCE 1905
- tuition for you. Youreceive solid training value. NTS Resident & Home Study Schools
puts more into your training, so you get more out of 4000 South Figueroa St., Los Angeles, Calif. 90037

[Link]
 e°"°TMEALTAIR 8800
1 JUCO PUTER
aaar Twa
Practical use of the computer, including programming
BY H. EDWARD ROBERTS AND WILLIAM YATES

LAST MONTH, we discussed the through A15 to extinguish to indicate second memory location. Set DO
various subassemblies used in that location 0 is ready. (Some of the through D7 for 10000000 (128) and
the basic Altair 8800 computer, went data LED's, DO through D7, might be operate the DEPOSIT NEXT switch. This
into details on how it is assembled, illuminated, indicating the current number is now stored, in binary form,
and listed a few applications. Here, we contents at location 0.) at memory location 1. (AO LED should
will describe a test program to be used be lit indicating location 1.) Set DO
in checking operation and then focus
on practical uses and go through a
3 Next, store the load accumulator
instruction at location 0 by using the
through D7 all to 0 and operate the
DEPOSIT NEXT switch. The all -zero bi-
software example to familiarize you binary number for 58 (00111010). Set nary number is now stored at memory
with some operating procedures. this binary input up by using switches location 2 (Al LED is lit) and the com-
DO through D7, with a represented
1 puter has been instructed to put the
Test Program. The following simple by the switch in the up position and a 0 contents of address 128 into the ac-
program is used for initial testing of with the switch in the down position. cumulator.
the computer's operation. It also illus- Hence the switch sequence for
trates how a program is loaded and
run. The selected program will add
00111010 would be: D7 down, D6
down, D5 up, D4 up, D3 up, D2 down,
5 To add a second number to the
current number stored in the ac-
two numbers stored at address loca- D1 up, DO down. Store this number at cumulator, the computer must be in-
tions 128 and 129 and store the result location 0 by operating the DEPOSIT structed to transfer the current
at address location 130. The proce- switch. The DO through D7 LED's number to one of the general-purpose
dure is as follows: should now match these settings, with registers. In this example, we will use
a lighted LED indicating al and adark- register B. The instruction used is
1 Set the power switch to ON and ened LED indicating a 0. None of the "move A to B," where A is the ac-
momentarily toggle the RESET switch. AO -A15 LED's should be on indicating cumulator. The code for this instruc-
(Note: Excluding the power switch, all location 0. The load accumulator in- tion is 01000111, set up with switches
bottom -row switches on the front struction now tells the computer that DO through D7. Operate the DEPOSIT
panel are spring -loaded, momentary - the next two entries will be an address NEXT switch. The instruction "move A
action types. The switches automati- number (16 bits). Upon program ex- to B" is now stored at memory loca-
cally return to their center -off posi- ecution, the data stored at that ad- tion 3. (Al and AO lit.)
tions when released from either of dress number will be transferred to the
their operate positions. When in-
structed to operate any of the bottom
accumulator. 6 Now, instruct the computer to

row switches, momentarily throw it to

the position indicated and release it.)
4 Address numbers, such as ad-
dress 128, are expressed in 16 -bit bi-
load the data from address 129 into
the accumulator. This procedure is
identical to that outlined in steps 3 and
nary format. The least -significant bits
2 Set address switches AO through
A15 all to the 0 positions (down). Op-
(last eight) are stored in the first mem-
4 above. Set switches DO through D7
for 00111010 and operate the DEPOSIT
ory location following the load ac- NEXT switch. The load accumulator in-
erate the EXAMINE switch, which cumulator instruction, while the struction is now stored at memory lo-
should cause address LED's AO most -significant bits are stored in the cation 4. (A2 lit.) Set DO through D7 for

c
Mi Rz 141 /44 _ ; ,.,4 rs' . .
1.4
z'
di ~41,R.1R..a !_,.R_ ó.c',a...-R1s#,.1 IV.o-P 9w"º +:i

--«;-:..--- 4P
II * !

56
POPULAR ELECTRONICS

[Link]
10000001 (129) and operate the DE- have to load the two numbers we want A15 to 0 and operate the EXAMINE
POSIT NEXT switch to store this number added into addresses 128 and 129. For switch (all A LED's are off). Operate
at memory location 5. (A2, AO lit) Then example, if we wanted to add 12 to 8, the RUN switch, and the program will
set DO through D7 all to 0 and operate the procedure would be as follows: execute at a rate of about 30,000 times
the DEPOSIT NEXT switch to store the Set address switches AO through per second. Operate the STOP switch.
all -zero number at memory location 6 A15 for 0000000010000000 (128) and Set the address switches to address
operate the EXAMINE switch (A7 lit). Set 130 (10000010) and operate the
(A2, Al lit).
DO through D7 for binary 12 EXAMINE switch. LED's DO through b7

7 location
ory
Store the add instruction at mem-
7 by setting DO through
(00001100) and operate the DEPOSIT
switch (A7 still lit). Set DO through D7
will display the sum of the two num-
bers added, which is 20, in binary for-
D7 for 10000000 (128) and operating for binary 8 (00001000) and operate mat (00010100).
the DEPOSIT NEXT switch. When exe- the DEPOSIT NEXT switch. The binary
cuted, this instruction adds the numbers for 12 and 8 are now stored at Basics of Programming. If you
number in the accumulator to the address locations 128 and 129, re- have rever done any programming, it
number stored in register B and spectively (A7, AO lit). may seem a little mysterious at first,
places the result in the accumulator Set address switches AO through but the basic ideas of programming
(A2, Al, AO lit).

8 To store the result at address 130, GLOSSARY OF COMPUTER JARGON

first store the instruction at memory
location 8 by setting DO through D7 for Access time - Time interval between flow can be resumed from that point at
00110010 and operating the DEPOSIT
NEXT switch (A3 lit). Set DO through D7
the instant at which information is called
for storage and the instant at which de-
a
Jump -
later time.
Depart from the normal se-
quence of executing instruction in a
for 10000010 and operate the DEPOSIT
NEXT switch. The least -significant
livery is complete.
Accumulator - Part of the logical -
arithmetic unit of a computer used for
computer (synonymous with branch).
Memory- Storage. A device that holds
eight bits of address 129 are now intermediate storage, to form algebraic information that can be extracted at a
stored at memory location 9 (A3, AO sums, or other intermediate operations. later time.
lit) Set DO through D7 to 0 and oper- Address - Label, name, or number
identifying a register, location, or unit
Processor- Device capable of receiv-
ing data, manipulating it, supplying re-
ate the DEPOSIT NEXT switch. The
sults usually of an internally stored pro-
most -significant eight bits of address
129 are now stored at memory loca-
Assembler -
where information is stored.
Translates input sym-
bolic codes into machine instructions.
gram.
Programming -
Art of reducing the
tion 10 (A3, Al lit).
Bit - Abbreviation of binary digit; a plan for the solution of a problem to

9 A program that adds the contents

single character in a binary number.
Buffer- Isolating circuit used to avoid Register -
machine -sensible instructions.
Device for the temporary
storage of one or more words to facili-
of address 128 to the contents of ad- reaction of a driven circuit upon its driv-
tate arithmetical, logical, or transferral
dress 129 and stores the result in ad-
dress 130 has now been loaded into Byte -
ing circuit.
Group of binary digits usually
operated upon as a unit. Usually shorter
operations.
Stack- Portion of a computer memory
the computer. With the use of a
and/or registers used to temporarily hold
"jump" instruction, you can now
create a program loop that will direct
Clock -
than a word.
Time -keeping device used to
synchronize the computer.
information.
Subroutine -
Set of instructions in
the computer back to memory loca-
tion 0 and allow repeating this addi-
Data - Basic elements of information
which can be processed or produced by
machine code to direct the computer to
carry out a well-defined mathematical or
tion procedure continuously for as logical operation; a part of a routine.
long as desired. Store the jump in-
struction at memory location 11 by
Hold -
a computer.
Function of retaining informa-
tion in one storage device after transfer-
Word- Set of characters that occupies
one storage location and is treated by
setting DO through D7 for 11000011 ring it to another device, in contrast to the computer as a unit and is transported
as such. Word lengths are fixed or vari-
and operating the DEPOSIT NEXT switch
(A3, Al, AO lit). Set DO through D7 to 0
clear.
Instruction - Coded program step
that tells the computer what to do for a
able, depending on the particular com-
puter being used.
and operate the DEPOSIT NEXT switch Definitions were extracted from "Computer Dictio-
twice. The 16 -bit address 0 is now
stored at memory locations 12 and 13
-
single operation in a program.
Interrupt Break in the normal flow
of a system or routine such that the
nary" by Charles J. Sippl and Charles P. Sippl, pub-
lished by Howard W. Sams & Co.. Inc., The Bobbs-
Merrill Co. Inc.. Number 20943. 484 pages. $8.95 (in
Canada $11.95).
03, A2, AO lit).
Before we can run this program, we

Shown at far left is the display board

.
_ 41o
47e. ,
a

atop the control board, with cables

that connect to other boards: The central

jE
°

`F processor unit is shown in the center,

- l iLt .
fi
+'
.+ l.} ii
and the controlboarai at near left. Not
shown is memory board, which holds 171C's.

57
FEBRUARY 1975

[Link]
 MACHINE INSTRUCTIONS
Instruction Binary Code Octal Comment EXPANDING THE COMPUTER
(for instruction)
IN 6 In describing the assembly of the
11011011 (IN) 333,006 Bring data from input 6 Altair 8800 Minicomputer in last
and store in register A
month's article, it was noted that
(accumulator).
MOV B,A 01 (MOVE) 107
the interior of the cabinet provides
Take A and move its
000 (B) plenty of room for expansion. The
contents to B.
111 (A) room can be used to add many
IN 30 11011011 (IN) 323,036 Bring input 30 into functions to the basic computer.
00011110 (30) accumulator For example, the present memory
ADD B 10000 (ADD) 200 board in the Altair 8800 can be ex-
Add contents of A to B.
000 (B) Put results in A. panded with the addition of three
OUT 128 11010011 (OUT) 323,200 256 -word memories (Kit 8802 -MS
Transmit contents of
10000000 (128) accumulator to output 128. available from the manufacturer,
MITS at $34 per 256 -word memory).
Further additions require an ex-
are really very straightforward and input. The third instruction brings the pansion mother board having four
easy to master. The procedures that data from input channel 30 into the A connectors that can accommodate
are always used consist of the follow- register. The fourth instruction adds any four memory or input-output
ing: the -contents of register A (data from (1-O) cards. This expansion board
Defining the Problem. This is by channel 30) to register B (data from (Kit 8800-EB) is available for $44,
far the hardest part of the program- channel 6) and puts the results back while a 4K dynamic memory card
ming. Don't worry about the compu- into register A. The final instruction (Kit 8840 -MC) costs $198. Various
ter or the computer language when transmits the answer from A to output other kits-a vectored interrupt
doing this part of the preparation. channel 128. Total computer time card and a real-time clock, among
Simply decide what is required to do used to perform this operation with them-are also available.
the job you want to accomplish. the Altair 8800 is 18 microseconds. To
Establishing an Approach. The put it another way, the computer
computer and computer language could perform 56,000 of these opera-
have nothing to do with this step, tions in one second. the Very Low Cost Terminal featured
either. It involves outlining a step-by- The instructions could be entered in the December 1974 issue of
step procedure to achieve the desired into the processor in one of three POPULAR ELECTRONICS. With this ter-
results and getting it down on paper. ways. The first and easiest would be minal, the instructions could be en-
Writing the Program. Once you with the use of an assembler. This is tered by using the octal code. The
are familiar with programming, you essentially a piece of software that procedure would be to write the pro-
will find that this step is the simplest. converts alphanumeric symbols to gram in assembly language and then
It is merely a matter of translating machine language (binary code). For enter the corresponding code for
step 2 into the appropriate language. example, the assembler would con- each instruction. This system, while
There are many books available on vert our first instruction (IN 6) to the not being as fast as the use of an as-
programming. Some of them are correct binary code. The problem sembler is less expensive.
quite good and are particularly useful with using an assembler is that you The third method, using front panel
for learning techniques such as flow need a computer terminal for an input entry, is of course inexpensive but
programming, looping, etc. However, device and the assembler itself re- time consuming.
in essence, they can all be boiled quires about 6000 words of memory This has been only a brief summary
down to the three steps above. storage. If extensive program de- of the programming procedures for
velopment is to take place, the as- the computer. Complete program-
Software Example. To get a feel sembler is a good tool to have. ming information is provided with the
for what programming the Altair 8800 The next easiest method of enter- Intel 8080 integrated circuit and with
is like, let's go through a sample ing the instructions is with the use of the Altair 8800 computer kit.
program, which is similar to the test
program that we first went through to
check out the computer operation.
Assume that we want to take the data
available from input channel 6 and
input channel 30 and add them, plac-
ing the result in output channel 128.
The machine instructions are shown
in the box.
The first instruction simply stores
the data from channel 6 in register A
(the accumulator). The next instruc-
tion moves this data from register A to
register B. This clears A for the next
58
POPULAR ELECTRONICS

[Link]
 to full'-logic SQ and SQ/QS models)
are $49.95 to $79.95; CD -400 adapter,
$99.95 (when purchased with re-

Product ceiver); remote control, $39.95.

General Description. In addition to

Test Reports the conventional complement of con-

trols and switches, the 4270 features
separate tone controls-bass, mid-
range, and treble-for the front and
rear channels. Further, complete
Dolby noise -reduction facilities are
available, controlled by a DOLBY
ABOUT THIS MONTH'S HI -Fl REPORTS switch.
The three components covered in this month's hi-fi equipment reports When this switch is placed in one of
could easily form the heart of a very fine stereo or quadraphonic system. the RECORD positions, program ma-
The general performance qualities of the Marantz 4270 receiver are more terial is encoded or decoded for input
comparable to those of the better separate components than those of a re- to a tape recorder, depending on the
ceiver. Not only is it equally at l ome in a two-channel or four -channel noise -reduction capabilities of the
system, it has built-in Dolby circuits for either FM decoding or tape record- particular tape deck. When FM DOLBY
ing and playback. is selected, a decoder processes the
As for the Garrard Zero 100SB, this fine single -play record player com- FM signal for proper reception, with
bines the "zero tracking error" tonearm made famous by that company's the added advantages of higher S/N
Zero 100 record changer, with a new belt -driven turntable whose perfor- ratio and dynamic range. Unusually
mance rivals more expensive units. complete Dolby system calibration
Finally, the new Ortofon VMS -20E cartridge is almost a twin of the facilities are incorporated into the re-

'
highly regarded Ortofon M15E Super, with essentially the same perfor- ceiver, including a level generator and
mance (and sound) at a much lower price. calibrating meter that doubles as the
-Julian D. Hirsch signal -strength monitor.
Two sets of inputs and outputs for
tape monitoring are included, select-

.
able from the front panel. If only one
MARANTZ MODEL 4270 AM/FM STEREO 2- set is used for a recorder, the other
QUADRADIAL 4 RECEIVER provides a convenient circuit interrup-
70 Wlclr stereo, 25 Wlch 4 -channel with built-in decoding matrix and Dolby NRS. tion point for patching in a graphic
equalizer or signal monitor.
A "flywheel" tuning control, pro-
wwwwww
truding through the front panel se-
raw lects the operating frequency of the
- tuner. Two meters, an AM/FM signal
strength indicator and an FM zero -
center monitor make precise tuning
adjustments possible. Three slide -
type controls adjust balance between
the front, rear, and front/rear chan-
nels.
Among the rear -panel inputs and
outputs is an FM UADRADIA! output.
This jack supplies the composite
detector output for possible use with a
discrete four-channel adapter, should
an FCC-approved FM system be de-
The Marantz into a powerful 70 W rms/channel re- veloped. Also included are screw-
CIOHIRSCH- driver adjustments for FM Dolby level,
HOUCK Model 4270 ceiver.
muting, and a socket for an optional
Furthermore, the 4270 features a
LABS
REP ' shares many
features of the
other receivers
host of refinements, such as Dolby
noise -reduction circuitry for tapes and
remote control unit for volume, loud-
ness, and balance adjustments. The
PREAMP OUT and AMP IN jacks, normally
in the company's "Stereo 2-Quad- FM broadcasts; a built-in quadraphon-
radial 4" line. It's a medium power ic synthesizer for stereo software; and bridged by jumpers, provide another
quadraphonic receiver (25 W rms/ an optical remote control, among circuit -interruption point for signal
channel) that preserves a user's others. processors, or for using the 4270 with
ability to opt for one or more of the The receiver is approximately 17% a super -powered amp. A slide switch
four -channel systems through plug-in in. wide by 53/8 in. high by 14% in. deep changes the normal 75-µs de -
matrix decoders and/or connection of (44.1x13.7x36.5 cm) and weighs 40.2 emphasis characteristic to 25 is, for
an external CD -4 demodulator. In the lb. (18.2 kg). Price is $699.95. SO and proper reception of FM Dolby broad-
stereo mode, the 4270 is transformed QS decoders (ranging from basic SQ casts. A power mode switch selects
FEBRUARY 1975 59

[Link]
 +1

III 111111
level. Channel separation was 35 dB
AUDIO OUTPUT from 30 Hz to 8 kHz, peaking to 55 dB
41'. f I

MARANTZ 4270
0 dB=I VOLT in the midrange, and 30 dB at 15 kHz.
10 (TAPE -OUTPUT JACKS)
FM SECTION III Capture ratio was 1.1 dB at 1000 µV,
2 MONO and AM rejection was a good 60 dB.
m 2.2pV IHF SENSITIVITY - --STEREO The signal threshold for muting and
ti 3
-J automatic stereo switching was 10 µV.
'-,`1 Image rejection was 76 dB, and alter-
E
o
4
., TOTAL DISTORTION, NOISE, HUM _
RE 100% MOD. AT 1000Hz
nate -channel selectivity was meas-
5
ured to be a very good 78 dB. The
-60 - 3.89V
S
kibillillilliz z_,
NOISE , wy
- response of the AM tuner was better
than average. It was flat over most of
QUIETING ..-
-70 -SENSITIVITY -+.., its range, down 3 dB at 33 Hz and 6000
1
Hz.
80
10 100 46
IK IOK 506
INPUT-MICROVOLTS (jV)
User Comment. The operation of
the Marantz 4270 was flawless in every
either "strapped" stereo (70 W/chan- S/N ratios were very good: 78 dB and respect. Its many functions may prove
nel) or four -channel (25 W/channel 68 dB, respectively (at 10 W output). overwhelming to a new owner, so a
amplifiers. Two ac outlets, one Phono overload occurred at 115 mV, careful study of the instruction man-
switched, are included. an output rarely, if ever, reached with ual is recommended for most enjoy-
today's pickups. Tone controls of- able use of the receiver.
Laboratory Measurements. In vir- fered a wide variety of response Although no measurements were
tually every respect, the Marantz 4270 curves, so that almost any tonal col- made on the Dolby circuitry, we did
met or exceeded the manufacturer's oration could be obtained. The HI Fil- cross-check its performance with that
published specifications. In the four - ter response, which had a gradual -6 of an accurately adjusted Dolby unit
channel mode, the amplifiers, rated at dB/octave slope, was down 3 dB at and found it to be subjectively identi-
25 W/channel, delivered 35.7 W at the 5500 Hz. cal and completely compatible. The
clipping level with all channels driven RIAA phono equalization was within FM Dolby function worked properly
into 8 -ohm loads at 1000 Hz. Into 4 ±0.5 dB from 30 Hz to 20 kHz. Though with the one Dolbyized station in our
ohms, the amplifiers clipped at 52 phono cartridge inductance affected area. Interestingly, we found that it is
W/channel. The clipping level of the the equalization appreciably above 15 possible to leave the de -emphasis
two -channel "bridged" mode was 100 kHz, it had little or no effect below 10 switch in the 25 -µsec position at all
W/channel, 30 W/channel higher than kHz. times, obtaining correct frequency re-
the rated figure. Amplifier distortion at The FM tuner section displayed an sponse with all FM stations. This is
rated output was under 0.03% from 20 IHF usable sensitivity of 2.2 µV, with a possible because of the relationship
Hz to 10 kHz, and 0.04% at 20 kHz. At steep limiting curve that reached 50 between the switching functions of
lower output the figure rose, but at no dB of quieting at 3.8 µV in mono and the DOLBY and de-emphasis switches.
time exceeded 0.07%. THD at 0.1 W, 1 43 µV in stereo. Mono FM distortion at The FM muting operated with pleasing
kHz, was 0.1%, falling to about 0.02% 1000 µV was very low, less than 0.1%, smoothness, free of thumps and noise
between 10 and 30 W, and reaching and in stereo was an excellent 0.17% bursts.
. 0.1% at 35 W. (Below W, distortion 1 to 0.33%. The ultimate quieting of the Our test receiver was not fitted with
was less than figures imply, since it tuner was 72 dB in mono and 70 dB in one of the plug-in SQ decoders, so
was masked by circuit noise.) IM dis- stereo. These figures are close to the its four -channel performance was
tortion behaved similarly, declining residual noise level of the signal judged using its Vari-Matrix. This
from 0.15% at 0.1 W to 0.06% between generator used. proved to be effective in supplying
10 and 30 W. Stereo FM frequency response was four -channel ambience enhancement
Input sensitivity for a reference flat within ±0.5 dB from 30 Hz to 15 to stereo material and matrixed rec-
10-W output was 80 mV at the Aux in- kHz. The 19 -kHz pilot carrier leakage ords, but as expected, did not provide
puts, and 1.0 mV at the PHONO inputs. was 67 dB below the 100% modulation the inherent directional response of a

MARANTZ 4270 IMEEMMUI~INI Iyy

2 0.5
REFERENCE POWER 125wI :::;,'== MARANTZ 4270

f
O RALF POWER 1-3,101
LOW POWER1-10081 UUUU II 0.5
- -- IN
60/7000
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION
Mt 14:1) IM DISTORTION (

o
02
o
z rc
O
O 01
rc a
0.1
4

10
4
I 05
H
..1111 11ww

= 05

U N.,.......
cc
rc
á
02 02

.01
20 50 100 200 500 I«Hi .01
2611, 5kHz OkNi 20 01 02 05
kM: 5 10 20 50 100
FREQUENCY IN Hz (CYCLES PER SECOND)
CONTINUOUS AND EQUIVALENT
SINE -WAVE POWER OUTPUT PER CHANNEL IN WATTS
60
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
[Link]
logic -assisted decoder, which is a
moderately priced option.
In view of its versatility and features,
not to mention its outstandingly fine
performance, it is clear that the Mar-
antz 4270 can serve as a first-class
m
-30
r
_-___>.
-
.... _

:'!9:11
_
---..
:::,....L.
3i1:;7.:. 1 .._`._
...,

::: :

111®
MARANTZ 4270
FM STEREO
:.:..,
:« `ilili®
r6ME8?2aaa

i=1"
"
~MIN 1 f
I='I«=
........'ü"= =_=-
:...:

stereo receiver. Its price is not at all

_,
AVERAGE BOTH CHANNELS
i... _
inconsistent with its overall quality
and flexibility. It can be upgraded in
IlEf1111m1r
19=0161f=_1rmIP'
i

._
stages to quasi -four -channel opera- -1111-;9?,
tion by merely adding rear speakers
:CROSSTALK._1,, l!' ®1®11<fi sss
01 .:::trigaipasemb--
ñsiIE31 ='o. - - . -.x egr?8
and to full four -channel with one or
- -

oa o 00 10000

more decoders, depending on the FREQUENCY (Hz)

owner's desires.
CIRCLE NO. 65 ON READER SERVICE CARD

GARRARD ZERO 1005B TURNTABLE

Automatic single -play machine with belt drive.

size can be played manually at any Tracking force is set by a sliding

speed.) The 100SB employs a cast weight on the arm body, calibrated at
non-ferrous turntable platter that is 0.25 -gram intervals from 0 to 3 grams.
11V2 inches in diameter and weighs
51/2 pounds. Overall dimensions are 18 Laboratory Measurements. When
n. wide by 16 in. deep by 71/2 in. high the test cartridge (in this instance an
(with cover in place). Ortofon VMS -20E) was installed using
Operating controls are three levers. the jig supplied with the Zero 100SB,
The AUTO lever starts the turntable and tracking error was unmeasurably low
indexes the arm automatically while (under 0.5 degree) over the entire rec-
the MAN lever merely turns on the plat- ord surface. The stylus force indica-
Manual record ter drive. Each has an OFF setting, tions were very accurate, with less
HIRSCH- players were which in the case of the AUTO lever, than 0.05 gram error at 1- and 2 -gram
HOUCK
once the popu- also returns the arm to its rest. In settings, and only 0.1 at 3 grams. The
LABS
.REPORT lar choice of hi-fi either mode, after a record is played, anti -skating calibration was correct
buffs. Interest in the arm returns to the rest and the for equal playback distortion in both
this type of machine died out, how- motor shuts off. The third lever, CUE, channels (a very unusual occurrance
ever, when record changers were in- raises and lowers the arm with among the many arms we have
troduced to combine high -quality, damped control in both directions. tested).
single-play provisions with automatic Unlike most other cuing devices, it can To obtain visible waveform clipping
features. Turnabout is fair play, so lift the arm by any amount up to the on the 30 cm/s test tones we use for
more recently, a new breed of record maximum, and hold it at that point, setting anti -skating, it was necessary
player-the automatic single -play which can reduce the lowering time to operate the Ortofon VMS-20E car-
machine-has again captured the considerably. tridge at 0.5 gram, and the corre-
imagination of hi-fi music listeners. A clear plastic tonearm pivot hous- sponding anti -skating setting proved
The Garrard Zero 100SB is one of a ing contains the magnetic repulsion to be exact. This test, incidentally, es-
host of automatic single -play entries system used to supply, anti-skating tablished that the Zero 100SB arm, in
this year. bias. A magnetic shield is moved be- spite of its multiple pivots, had negli-
It's supplied as a complete turntable tween two magnets (one on the fixed gible friction. As we see it, any car-
and arm, with wood base (black with section and one on the movable arm tridge made today can be operated in
teak side panels), removable hinged body) to vary the torque. Separate this arm at the lowest tracking force
dust cover and all connecting leads scales are provided for conical and el- consistent with the design of the car-
attached. Adding a cartridge turns it liptical styli. tridge, without encountering difficul-
into a functioning record player. Price The adjustable counterweight is ties of excessive arm friction.
is $209.95. elastically mounted to damp the low - The turntable wow and flutter were
frequency arm resonance. A unique 0.06% and 0.04% at 33 1/3 rpm, and
General Description. The Garrard feature of the Zero 100SB arm is the 0.04% and 0.035% at 45 rpm. The un-
Zero 100SB utilizes a belt -drive system automatic record play counter built weigl-ted rumble was ±38 dB; with
instead of the idler -wheel drive used in into the transparent pivot support. A relative audibility weighting, it was a
the manufacturer's older Zero 100 red pointer moves up slightly every very low ±61 dB. Operating speeds
model. With two speeds -33 1/3 and time the arm returns to its rest after were within 0.2% of the correct values,
45 rpm-a combined speed selector playing a record, and the index marks and did not vary measurably over a
and record diameter indexing control on the plastic correspond to various line voltage shift from 95 to 135 volts.
shifts the belt on a stepped synchro- numbers of plays from 400 to 1600. A The operating cycle in the AUTO mode
nous motor shaft for "automatic" knurled knob below the scales resets required 14 seconds, from the time the
single -play operation. (Records of any the pointer to zero. lever was moved until the stylus set -
61
FEBRUARY 1975

[Link]
 The whole neighborhood
wondered what Frank Mallon
was up to in his workshop.
Word had it he was up to something mighty peculiar. Next, you'll put together a digital multimeter. This
And when he didn't show up for bowling practice one instrument measures voltage, current and resistance, and
Wednesday night, the Wabash Cannonballs (that was the displays its findings in big, clear numbers like
name of his neighborhood team) began to wonder, too. on a digital clock.
So it was that a bunch of the boys de- Then comes the solid-state "triggered
cided to pay their "star' a visit, and talk him out sweep" oscilloscope. An instrument similar in
of his workshop and back into action. principle to the kind used in hospital operating
It didn't happen that way, though. rooms to monitor heartbeats. You'll use it to
Matter of fact, it was Frank Mallon who analyze the "heartbeats" of tiny integrated
talked the Wabash Cannonballs out of their [Link] circuits. The "triggered sweep" feature locks in
bowling night and down into his workshop. signals for easier observation.
What was it ...what could be exciting enough to
keep a bunch of ten -pin tigers from their favorite On -screen digital clock You'll build and work with
pastime? One of the most fascinating learn -at- Bell & Howell's new generation color TV...
home programs in the world, that's what! investigating digital features you've
Actually build and experiment 5
probably never seen before!
with the new generation color TV in Bell [Link] This 25" diagonal color TV has digital
features that are likely to appear on all TV's of
& Howell Schools' fascinating learn -at- the future.
home program. It will help you develop As you build it, you'll probe Into the
new occupational skills as an electronics Channel numbers that flash on the screen
technology behind all -electronic tuning. And
troubleshooter. into the digital circuitry of channel numbers that
You'll set up your own electronics lab- appear right on the screen! You'll also build in a
oratory to learn first-hand, the technology be- remarkable on -the -screen digital clock that will
hind such innovations as digital -display wrist- flash the time in hours, minutes and seconds.
watches and tiny pocket calculators. And you'll program a special
In fact, as part of the program, you'll automatic channel selector to skip over "dead"
actually build and experiment with a 25" di- Automatic pre-set channel selector
channels and go directly to the channels of
agonal color TV incorporating digital features. your choice.
But most important of all will be the You'll also gain a better understanding of the
new skills you'll develop all along the way... the kind of skills exceptional clarity of the Black Matrix picture tube, as well
that could lead you in exciting new directions. While we as a working knowledge of "state-of-the-art" integrated
cannot offer assurance of income opportunities, once you've circuitry and the 100% solid-state chassis.
completed the program you can use your training: After building and experimenting with this TV, you'll
1. To seek out a job in the electronics industry.
1
be equipped with the kinds of skills that could put you ahead
2. To upgrade your current job. of the field in electronics know-how.
3. As a foundation for advanced programs in electronics.
We try to give more personal attention
Go exploring at home, in your spare time. than other learn -at-home programs.
No traveling to class. No lectures. No one looking 1. Toll -free phone-in assistance. Should you ever
over your shoulder. run into a rough spot, we'll be there to help. While many
Bell & Howell Schools wants to introduce you to the schools make you mail in your questions, we have a toll -free
modern way to learn. It means you'll be able to develop new line for questions that can't wait.
skills in your own home-on whatever days and hours you 2. In -person "help sessions". These are held in 50
choose. So you don't have to give up your present job or major cities at various times throughout the year, where you
paycheck just because you want to learn new occupational can talk shop with your instructors and fellow students.
skills. So take a tip from Frank Mallon. Find
What's more, we believe that when you're exploring out more about the first learn -at-home program
a field as fascinating as electronics, reading about it is just that could stir up your neighborhood!
not enough.
That's why you'll get lots of "hands on" experience Mail this postage -paid card today
with some of the most impressive electronic training tools for full details, free!
you've ever seen.
Taken for vocational purposes, this
No electronics background necessary. program is approved for Veterans' Benefits.
That's one of the advantages of this program. We
start you off with the basics and help you work your way up, If card has been removed, write:
one step at a time. In fact, with your first lesson you receive a An Electronics Home Study School
Lab Starter Kit to give you immediate working experience on

I
DcVRV IOSTITUTE OF TECHnOLOGV
equipment. ONE Or THE

You build and perform exciting experiments BELL IJ HOWELL SCHOOLS

with Bell & Howell's Electro -Lab®. An exclusive 4141 Belmont. Chicago. Iltmo,s 60641 7.

electronics training system. o

First comes the design console. After you Electro. ab is a registered trademark
of the Bell & Howell Company'. 696 R2
assemble it, you'll be able to set up and examine circuits
without soldering.
62 POPULAR ELECTRONICS

[Link]
 l

>I, '%
.,y, Va
t

tr
.
-

iá\::
ti`_ .
.:i
:. ;=:
\\
'`¡¡Q:
w.. ..
^"

';0;,
itil
-.2-4
;
k ó

'
-.

-- _.

--;11~......r

Sum ate.,d TV pKOue/Oat pattern

7"

FEBRUARY 1975 65

[Link]
tied into the lead-in groove. There was However, we were surprised to find ed armrest -lock support out of the way
no lateral drift during descent when that the arm -wiring and signal -lead before lowering it.
using the CuE control. The low fre- capacitance was too high for optimum Minor criticisms aside, we found the
quency arm/cartridge resonance was performance with most magnetic Garrard Zero 100SB to be one of the
at 5 Hz (indicating a moderately high CD -4 cartridges, which ideally should smoothest, easiest -to -use record
arm mass), and an amplitude of about not be more than 100 pF of total circuit players we have seen. All its basic
10 dB. capacitances. Capacitance from the operating controls and their functions
output connector of the integral signal behaved exactly as intended, with
User Comment. The Garrard Zero cable to the cartridge shell measured none of the "bugs" that so often afflict
100SB combines a number of useful 165 pF. mechanical systems. For example,
operating conveniences. It boasts Though the operation of the record when the cartridge is installed and the
high performance in its basic charac- player itself could not be faulted, the arm balanced according to instruc-
teristics at a price that matches or bet- same cannot be said of the dust cover tions, the unit is actually set up cor-
ters other record players-of compara- design. Unless it was carefully lifted by rectly, without additional adjustments
ble quality. For example, only a few of the left front corner, it showed a with a stylus gage and tracking error
the most expensive direct -drive turn- strong tendency to come out of its protractor to achieve optimum per-
tables we have tested have shown hinging slot. Equal care was required formance capability.
lower rumble than the Zero 100SB. when pushing the unit's spring -load- CIRCLE NO. 66 ON READER SERVICE CARD

ORTOFON MODEL VMS -20E PHONO CARTRIDGE

Moderately priced variable-magnetic -shunt design offers neutral sound quality.

duced, a 15° vertical tracking angle the $90 figure asked for the M -15E
was in general use. The standard has Super cartridge.
since been changed to 20°, and the
design of the VMS -20E reflects that Laboratory Measurements. We
`0rtolOn -

OAS -9-
change. tested the VMS -20E in a Pioneer
Physically, and in most of its other Model PL -71 record player/tonearm
20E
characteristics, the VMS -20E appears
[

t I
=,
F

t: to be identical to the M -15E Super car-

combination, using a47,000-ohm load
shunted by 340 pF. The low -frequency
tridge. It is a lightweight 5 grams and is tracking ability of the cartridge was
rated to track at between 0.75 and 1.5 tested with a Cook Series 60 record at
grams. (One gram is the recommend- a 0.75 -gram tracking force. The
ed tracking force.) Ortofon specifies 1000 -Hz, 30-cm/s test tones of a Fair-
Ortofon first in- the loading of the cartridge at the child 101 record revealed symmetrical
HIRSCH- standard 47,000 ohms and recom- clipping at 0.5 gram, with no im-
HOUCK troduced its vari-
able magnetic mends a 400-pF shunt capacitance. provement from the use of a higher
LABS Aside from its vertical tracking an-
REPORT. shunt(VMS) prin- force. This suggests that the ampli-
ciple a couple of gles, the VMS -20E appears to differ tude limits of the stylus system rather
years ago in its still top -of -the -line from the M -15E Super in only three than its dynamic tracking abilities
Model M -15E Super stereo cartridge. specifications: It has about 25% were being exceeded in this very se-
In this cartridge, a magnetic armature greater output voltage; its tracking vere test. A -gram force was used
1

is moved in the field of a light ring ability at 300 Hz is 70 microns, as op- throughout subsequent tests.
magnet. It varies the flux distribution posed to 80 microns for the M -15E Ortofon's 300 -Hz tracking specifica-
through the internal pole pieces and Super; and its lateral compliance is tion for the VMS -20E is based on the
coils, while reducing the flux through reduced from the M -15E Super's 50 x use of a German hi-fi test record we
the pole pieces to zero when the stylus 10-6 cm/dyne to 40 x 10-6 cm/dyne. also use in our test program. The car-
is in its neutral position. This design is Another very important feature is tridge easily tracked the 80 -micron
claimed to greatly reduce nonlineari- the VMS-20E's relatively inexpensive band of this record at 1 gram. By care-
ties in the magnetic system, resulting cost-$65. This sharply contrasts with ful adjustment of the tonearm's anti-
in lower distortion than was previously
possible in magnetic cartridges of
conventional design.
Now, Ortofon has brought the
M -15E Super's essential qualities
within reach of the many users of - )

ORTOFON VMS -20

good -quality automatic turntables (CBS SIR -100)
with the introduction of the Model r:

VSM-20E cartridge. It also uses the

variable magnetic shunt principle and
has an 8- x 18 -micron (0.3- x 0.7 -mil) 5dB

user -replaceable elliptical diamond

stylus.
0000
When the M -15E Super was intro- FREQUENCY (Hz)

66 POPULAR ELECTRONICS

[Link]
skating compensation, the 100 -
micron (highest-level) band could be
played without significant distortion.
It should be noted that very few car-
tridges can even approach this per-
formance at any tracking force.
The output of the cartridge was 3.2
mV at a 3.54-cm/s velocity. A 1000 -Hz
square wave from the CBS STR-111
record was played with only a single
small overshoot and no sign of ring-
ing. As with the M -15E Super, the
VMS -20E had an exceptionally flat re- FREQUENCY (-1z)
sponse, varying only±1.5 dB from 500
to 20,000 Hz on one channel and±1 dB sponse and channel separation. The quality, with no audio peaking or col-
over the same range on the other low -frequency resonance when the oration in any part of the audio range.
channel when tested with the CBS cartridge was used in Pioneer's tone- As Ortofon implies, the VMS -20E and
STR-100 record. arm occurred at about 6 Hz. M -15E Super cartridges have virtually
The channel separation was typi- identical performance in all respects.
cally 25 to 30 dB up to about 4000 Hz. It User Comment. We used the Shure We could hear no differences between
reduced smoothly to 15 dB at 10,000 "Audio Obstacle Course-Era Ill" rec- the two in side -by -side comparisons.
Hz and 5 to 10 dB at 20,000 Hz. Both ord to evaluate the tracking ability of The major difference between the
channels had very similar character- the VMS -20E on actual musical mate- two cartridges appears to be that the
istics with respect to frequency re- rial. Most portions of the record were M -15E Super will play anything we
successfully tracked at 1 gram at their have seen on record without difficulty
.
highest levels. A slight mistracking of at 1gram, while the VMS -20E might
the highest levels of the musical bells have to be operated at 1.5 grams in the
and sibilance tests was noted at 1 most severe cases. We would still opt
gram. Increasing the force to the rated for 1 -gram operation, assuming the
1.5 -gram maximum enabled the car- tonearm is capable of it. (The VMS -
tridge to track the bells at maximum 20E should not be used in tonearms
level, but there was still a trace of mis - incapable of tracking at gram.) At
1

tracking at the highest level of the that force, it can still outperform most
sibilance material. cartridges on the market.
1000 -Hz square )rare. The VMS -20E has a totally neutral CIRCLE NO. 67 ON READER SERVICE CARD

LAFAYETTE COM-PHONE 23 MOBILE CB TRANSCEIVER

Handset receiver provides mounting versatility and communication privacy.

I AFAYETTE's Corn -Phone 23 is a source can be used, and an optional

am 23 -channel mobile AM transceiv- ac supply allowsthe radiotelephone to
er using a telephone -type handset in- be used as a base -station rig. Other
stead of a conventional grip mike. features of the transceiver include ad-
Adaptable to a variety of mounting po- justable squelch, always -on noise lim-
sitions, it can be installed horizontally iter, "range boost" circuitry, adjusta-
above a transmission hump, mounted ble TVI trap, and an external speaker
vertically on the wall of a van or camp- jack for receiving or PA work. The
er, or similar to a wall phone in the Com-Phone 23 draws only 100 mA on
home (with an ac adapter). receive (no signal) and A on transmit
1

The use of a handset reduces inter- (modulated).

ference from background noise. Addi- The transceiver measures 4 in. by 5
tionally, the Corn -Phone 23 retains in. by 91/2 in. (10 cm x 12.6 cm x 23.8
"talk" flexibility with a PTT switch in- cm) and weighs 3.25 lb (1.47 kg). Price
corporated into the handset, and a is $189.95.
panel -mounted switch to allow opera-
tion of a built-in speaker or a handset The Receiver. Dual -conversion cir-
earphone. cuitry is used, with i-f's at 10.6 MHz
Circuitry is all -solid-state, including and 455 kHz. Two uncommon circuit
a crystal -governed frequency synthe- configurations are employed-the r -f
sizer. Using only 14 crystals, the amplifier is a grounded -base stage,
Corn -phone 23 produces 23 transmit- instead of the usual grounded -emitter
ting and receiving channels. A 12 -volt, mode, and a crystal diode is used as
negative- or positive -ground power the second mixer, rather than a tran-
FEBRUARY 1975 67

[Link]
 sistor. A ceramic filter in the second -f i sence of any input signal, the receiver points, and frequency tolerance for
stage affords good selectivity. The was exceptionally quiet. In the PA any one channel was within 275 Hz.
noise limiter is a series -gate type, and mode, 3.25 watts of output power into
the squelch is agc-activated. Audio 8 ohms was delivered, with 10 percent General. Audio output will appear at
output is obtained from a class -B, distortion at 1000 Hz at the start of the handset or internal or external
push-pull stage which doubles as the limiting. speaker, depending on the position of
transmitter modulator. The frequency the panel -mounted switch. In the
synthesizer employs six 37 -MHz and The Transmitter. To enhance per- SPEAKER position, both the handset
four 10 -MHz crystals for all -channel formance, the transmitter features a and the speaker receive audio in the
operations. two -section matching network, an ad- HANDSET position, the speaker is si-
Sensitivity measured 0.3 µV for a justable series -tuned TVI trap, and a lenced when the handset is lifted from
10 -dB S+N/N ratio, three times better "range boost" automatic modulation its cradle. Another switch selects CB
than the 1.0 µV claimed by the man- control with a-f compression. Antenna or PA operation. When the latter mode
ufacturer! Two watts of audio output changeover is accomplished by a is selected, both the internal speaker
was obtained from a 1-µV input signal. diode. Other switching functions are and the handset earphone are si-
Image rejection was 80 dB, -f signal i handled by a relay. lenced, and output appears only at the
rejection measured 60 dB at the first -f i A standard 13.8-V power supply external speaker jack. The connecting
frequency and 100 dB at 455 kHz. provided 4 watts of carrier output. Dis- cables plug in at the top edge of the
Spurious -signal and adjacent -chan- tortion at full modulation was 4 per- enclosure, which is convenient. In
nel rejection were 50 dB and 40 dB, cent using a 1000 -Hz signal. With some mounting positions, however,
respectively. The overall a-f bandpass further mic-input level increases of 6 special wiring may be necessary.
was 350-2900 Hz at the 6 -dB points, and 10 dB, distortion rose to 9 and 14 Summing up the attributes of the
while threshold range for squelching percent, respectively. Lafayette Com-Phone 23 CB trans-
action was 0.3 µV to 30 mV. Unlike some other compressors, ceiver, its telephone -style design of-
The agc held the audio output to Lafayette's "range boost" circuitry fers communications privacy, as well
within 14 dB for a 20 -dB r -f input range prevented overmodulation on both as mounting flexibility. Equally impor-
(1 to 10 µV). However, input levels positive and negative peaks. Adja- tant, users will appreciate its good
above 10 µV tended to drop 4 to 6 dB, cent -channel splatter was under 50 dB signal punch, made possible by the
apparently due to overload some- using a 2500 -Hz tone at a level 10 dB "Range Boost" circuit, and clean talk
where before the volume control. Any higher than that required for full mod- power without spurious products
distortion generated at these levels ulation. Audio response of the trans- spilling over into nearby channels.
was not audibly significant. In the ab- mitter was 450 to 4800 Hz at the 6-dB CIRCLE NO. 68 ON READER SERVICE CARD

DATA TECHNOLOGY MODEL 20 BENCH -TYPE AND

MODEL 21 PORTABLE DIGITAL MULTIMETERS
Bench and portable units have 31/2 digits and can measure capacitance.

+ I
I
p.`jI p
_l. ° .
RANGE '
2
20
300

3000
VAC
VDC
FUNCTION.
K0
1 MM

[
-
-
powered portable DMM that is about
the size of a pocket calculator. (Each
one is $269.) Both instruments feature
capacitance -measuring functions in
addition to the usual ac and dc voltage
Resistance can be measured in
decade steps in four ranges from 2000
ohms to 2 megohms full-scale. Test
currents on the ranges are 5, 0.5, 0.05,
and 0.005 mA respectively from the
Dota TechnologyMODEL
20 0., e ®" and resistance functions.
The capacitance function covers a
range of from 0.002 µF to 2 µF full-
lowest to the highest range.
Any time the measurement capabil-
ity of the DMM is exceeded, the over-
scale in four decade -step ranges. range condition is indicated by the
Resolution is 1 pF on the 0.002-µF, 10 display blinking on and off.
MOST digital multimeters offer a pF on the 0.02-µF, 100 pF on the The numeric readouts in the Model
broad range of measurement 0.2-µF, and 0.001 µF on the 2-µF 20 are 1/3 in. (8.47 mm) high. They
and function features coupled with an ranges. Consequently, you can now form a bright orange gas -discharge
easy -to -read numeric display. The measure unknown capacitances with seven -segment display that is easy to
most popular display is one of the var- a high degree of accuracy. read over a very wide range of viewing
ious types of seven -segment charac- angles and from quite a number of feet
ter formats, usually consisting of 31/2 Model 20. In the Model 20, there are away. The plus and minus signs used
decades (digits). four dc -voltage ranges that go from 0 to display the polarity of the dc voltage
Ever since the DMM first began to to 2, 20, 200, and 1000 V full-scale. being measured are also gas -dis-
appear in the market in quantity, we Input resistance is 10 megohms, and charge devices.
have been anticipating new functions polarity indication is automatic. The Aside from the RANGE and FUNC-
to appear as competition grew. Hence, ac -voltage ranges are the same as on TION control knobs and display win-
it did not overly surprise us when Data dc, except for the highest range, dow, the only other things on the front
Technology Corp. announced no less which goes to 800 volts. The input im- panel of the DMM are the power
than two "extra -feature" DMM's. One pedance is 10 megohms shunted by 40 switch and four banana jacks. Two
is the Model 20 bench -type DMM and pF, while the frequency range is 50 to jacks, color -coded red and black, are
the other is the Model 21 battery - 500 Hz. for the ac and dc voltage inputs. The
68 POPULAR ELECTRONICS

[Link]
 remaining two jacks, coded white, are This instrument is identical in perfor- charger is provided with the instru-
for the resistance and capacitance mance to the Model 20 (including the ment.)
functions. A pair of banana plugs capacitance -measuring function) ex- Operation of the Model 21 is ini-
equipped with spring clips are pro- cept that it is battery powered, much tiates by a fingertip switch located on
vided with the instrument. These are the left side of the instrument case.
convenient to use for measuring dis- The switch has three positions: off,
crete, out -of -circuit resistors and momentary -on, and full -on. For
capacitors. For in -circuit tests, the momentary -on operation, the switch
usual test leads can be plugged into is depressed for as long as desired.
the jacks. For full -on, it is slid forward, where it
Unlike most DMM's, the Model 20 locks in place until slid back to off.
can be disassembled in just a few The Model 21 comes with a soft car-
minutes by pulling back on two plastic rying case, which is equipped with a
knobs located on the rear apron. This belt clip. It also has a built-in pocket in
allows the DMM to be disassembled which the test leads are stored when
for access to all parts in the event ser- the instrument is not in use. As far as
vice or repairs must be performed or actual performance is concerned, we
when calibration is required. (Calibra- could find no difference between the
tion is a snap when performed accord- Model 21 and the Model 20 in accu-
ing to the instructions printed on the racy and flexibility, and the Model 21 is
inside of the instrument case lid.) built to take the rough-and-tumble life
We put the Model 20 through our of a tool-box/service-vehicle environ-
usual tests, checking accuracy with ment.
a voltage standard and precision - The Model 20 bench DMM measures
tolerance resistors. It performed well 9 in. by 61/4 in. by 21/2 in. (22.7 x 15.9 x
within its published specifications. 6.4 cm) and weighs slightly more than
After a few weeks of use, we again 21b (1 kg). Its total power consumption
checked accuracy and found no de- more compact, and uses 6.86 -mm is 3.5 watts. The compact Model 21
viations. seven -segment LED readouts. The measures 63/4 in. by 31/4 in. by 13/4 in.
battery pack is rechargeable, provid- (17.1 x 8.3 x 4.4 cm).
Model 21. Next, we turned our atten- ing more than 1000 measurements
tion to the Model 21 hand-held DMM. before recharging is required. (The CIRCLE NO. 69 ON READER SERVICE CARD

4nT\=yy' . X® '05rEV .;77

41. ;3

1,41'
You don't have to buy a new car to get an electronic ignition.
Let's face it. After 37 years, even a Phantom III can use a
lift. That's why put a Delta Mark Ten B Capacitive Dis-
I

charge Ignition on my Phantom to give her a spark I'd

. . .

pit against any '75 model car. went to Delta because they
I

aren't Johnny-come-latelys. Delta's been making electronic

ignition systems for over a decade.
Whatever kind of car you drive, you can give it the same great
Delta performance I gave mine.
Mark Ten B Capacitive Discharge Ignition Systems are
manufactured by Delta Products, Inc., a company with a
conscience, and with a proven record of reliability both in
product and in customer relations.
The Mark Ten E really does save money by eliminating
the need for 2 out of 3 tune-ups. Figure it out for yourself.
The first tune-up or two saved pays for the unit, the rest is
money in your pocket. No bunk!
Because the Mark Ten B keeps your
car in better tune, you actually can
save on expensive gasoline.
MARK TEN e
With a Mark Ten B, spark plugs
stay clean and last longer ... fouling i
is virtually eliminated.
r
I want to know more about Mark Ten B CDI's. Send me complete
no-nonsense information on how they can Improve the performance
of my car.
Name

Address
City_ State 7ip

DELTA PRODUCTS, INC.

P.O. Boa 1147, Dept. PE, Grand Junction, Colo. 81501
303-242-9000
-J
Mark Ten B, Standard Mark Ten,
assembled $64.95 ppd assembled $49.95 ppd
Mark Ten B, kit ... $49.95 ppd Deltakit® $34.95 ppd
CIRCLE NO. 12 ON READER SERVICE CARD
[Link]
 ZhB8-T8-38 LrMBhl!IfhB's SliPPif
BY THOMAS McGAHEE

MOST power supplies that em- to a common point. The voltage split - 3 -volt output level, operational am-
ploy the popular 723 precision ter circuit is composed of IC2, Q2, Q3, plifier IC2 does not track exactly. For
voltage regulator IC do not permit the and R6 through R8. With the values single -ended outputs, BP1 is used as
output voltage to go down to zero. By given for R6 and R8, the positive out- the positive and BP3 the negative out-
using a bias supply (IC3 in the put voltage swing at BPI can be varied put connector; Q2 and Q3 then draw
schematic) to reference the main reg- from 10 to 85 percent of the total avail- only a few milliamperes of quiescent
ulator (IC1), the power supply de- able voltage, leaving a negative volt- current.
scribed here is able to use a full 7 volts age swing at BP3 of 15 to 90 percent. Because of the circuit's unique de-
for its reference supply, while main- Transistors Q2 and Q3 change their sign, potentiometer R3 permits a
taining the ability to go to a 0 -volt out- dynamic resistance to keep the output linear adjustment in the output from 0
put. Top output is 30 volts. voltage properly split for loads of up to to 30 volts. The voltage splitter circuit
The power supply employs a split 1 ampere. Accurate tracking occurs is also designed to perform in a linear
output, providing both positive and for all output voltages where the total fashion. The output current is limited
negative output voltages referenced adds up to at least 3 volts. Below the by R2 to ampere at all outputs up to
1

DI-D4=100V,3A

D3

117 VAC

L
2N5296 BPI,
--o+
RED
2N5296 .
C7
[Link]

C5
VOUT CL 220
pF BP2
a- Cs COM
GREEN
Q3
CI INV 2N6109
500 ICI C6
pF 723 220
pF
COMP

.
[Link] -0 -.

BLACK -

+ C4
IOpF

D5-08=50V,IA VC VOUT
V+ IC3 Power supply has a split output
to provide both positive and negative
supplies. Voltage regulation is
-
4.:7T F
. 0.05% in worst-case conditions.
V_ COMP
+
C9
220pF

BP1-BP3-Color-coded binding post PARTS LIST'

R6-2200 -ohm, 1/2 -watt resistor
C1-500-pF, 50 -volt electrolytic capacitor 1C2-741 operational -amplifier integrated Sl-Spst power switch "

t. C2, C10-470-pF ceramic capacitor circuit. T1 -24 -volt, 1.5 -ampere filament' trans-
C3, C7, C8 -0.1-µF ceramic capacitor Q1, Q2 -2N5296 transistor former
C4-10-pF, 15 -volt electrolytic capacitor Q3 -2N6109 transistor T2 -1.2 -volt,/ -ampere filament transformer
C5, C6, C9-220-pF, 35 -volt electrolytic R I, RS, R8 -1000 -ohm, 1 -watt resistor Misc.-Suitable chassis box; three -con-
capacitor R2-0.68 -ohm. 5 -watt resistor ductor line cord; heat sinks and insulators
DI -D4-100 -volt, 3 -ampere silicon diode R3, R7-10,000 -ohm, linear -taper poten- for transistors; line -cord strain relief; pc or
05 -D8 -50 -volt, -ampere silicon diode
1 tiometer. perforated phenolic board with solder
ICI, 1C3-723 precision voltage regulator in- R4 -2500 -ohm, linear -taper trimmer or clips; spacers for mounting board; machine
tegrated circuit standard potentiometer'(see text) - hardware; hook-up wire: solder; etc.
70 ..
POPULAR ELECTRONICS

[Link]
 PACE...The Two -Way Radío Specíalísts
25 volts and 800 mA between 25 and 30 Others Try To Keep Pace Wíth
volts. The entire available current is
delivered between BP1 and BP3 in Move Up To The "SIDETALKS"
single -ended applications, or it can be
The dependables! A matched pair that will make you
spit as needed between the BP1/BP2 "BIG" in the rapidly expanded 5SB mode.
positive and PB3/PB2 negative out-
puts.
23 channels Citizens Band AM
watts of maximum legal output power.
-
with full 4

Voltage regulation under the

worst -case conditions in the power
46 channels Single Side Band SSB with
12 watts PEP of maximum legal power
-
supply measured 0.05 percent in both output.
the single -ended and split modes. The Full netting clarifier.
power supply can withstand short cir- Highly sensitive performance on re-
cuits across its outputs indefinitely if ceive - more limiting circuitry in AM
and blanking circuitry in 5SB mode.
the three transistor heat sinks are
large and mounted on the outside of Base unit features a built-in SWR/
Watt Meter with mounting bracket
the' supply's case. With the power and 12V DC input for mobile installa-
supply delivering ampere at 24 volts,
1 tions for constant check of antenna
performance.
the ripple measured slightly less than N
10 mV. Delivering 950 mA at 28 volts, Clean and clear sound in both talking and
listening. A full 100% modulation with PACE's
the ripple was 30 mV-its worst -case unique compression. And a sensitivity of 1.0
condition. (The exact values for regu- uV on AM and .5 uV on SSB. Squelch sensitivity
is .3 uV.
lation and ripple appear to be due
ABOVE ALL: MORE TALK POWER FOR YOUR DOLLAR-ONLY
mainly to the particular 723 IC used.
With some 723 IC's, the regulation can
-
$329.95 and $389.95 the price that has lasted all year (but
may not last much longer).
be as bad as 0.7 percent.)
TAKE ADVANTAGE NOW! SEE YOUR DEALER TODAY!
The power supply is best assembled
using a printed circuit board, owing to
the fact that it utilizes three IC's. How-
((p)) PACE COMMUNICATIONS 62

ever, if you prefer, you can use perfo- Division of PATHCOM INC., 24049 South Frampton Avenue, Harbor City, California 90710
rated phenolic board and push -in sol- Export: 2200 Shames Drive, Westbury, New York 11590. Available in Canada.
der clips-in which case, use sockets
CIRCLE NO. 26 ON READER SERVICE CARD
for IC1 through IC3. The three tran-
sitors must be mounted on heat sinks,
preferably on the outside of the case in
which you build the power supply.
J LL
(Note that, in the schematic, no pin
numbers are given for the IC's. Each IC
Who Says Audiophile
is available in a variety of package
configurations with different pin - Components have to be
designation formats. Hence, pin func-
tions are given so that you can design Expensive?
your pc board for the package config-
uration used.) No one really says so, but
The power supply can be built into a most people think so. The
SAE Mark XXX Stereo Pream-
57/e -in. x 51/4 -in. x 3 -in. (14.9 -cm x
plifier and Mark XXXIB Stereo
13.3 -cm x 7.6 -cm) metal utility box. Power Amplifier offer the
The transistors, with their heat sinks, highest engineering excel-
go on the rear outside wall of the box, lence and quality parts avail-
while the front accommodates voltage able at a moderate price.
control potentiometer R3, voltage To find out what makes these
split control R7, and power switch Si. units the most sought after
L.
Zero -set potentiometer R4 can also be components, fill out the cou-
pon and mail today.
mounted on the front panel, or it can
be located inside the supply's case,
with access provided to it through a
hole in the front panel. SAE, Inc., Electronics Division (574)
P.O. Box 60271, Terminal Annex, Dept. PE -275
In use, R4 must be adjusted until the Los Angeles, California 90060
minimum output from the power sup- Gentlemen:
ply is exactly zero. Then, potentiome- GY:_?L
fr
Please rush free information on the Mark XXX and Mark
XXXIB by return mail.
ter R3 controls the output over the 0 -
Name
to 30 -volt range. Potentiometer R7
permits the power supply to be oper-
ated in the split mode with both sides
balanced or with different positive and
! & a Address
City State Zip

negative voltages.
CIRCLE NO. 30 ON READER SERVICE CARD
FEBRUARY 1975 71

[Link]
 F YOU ARE READY FOR SERIOUS CAREER

L Coll g .§ 4.1
,,c `.
\ '
ibt
~i r --
ye,

ow,
%

/ -
N)§01E
E
A t

'a.
...- .
r_ ,`` . !
T
v q

1..r.<,

1 Cqt }.rav.s
vawe R"eh
.e-*--,,w~olt,go.
lr
sfow
{

.i.`..

[Link]
 ADVANCEMENT NOW

sec o 'c "o

t
.+ t1.
.
..
`t#.4-
With CREI's unique Electronic
Design Laboratory Program
There is only one way to a career in Industry Recognized Training. For nearly
advanced electronics-through advanced 50 years CREI programs have been recognized
training. You can get such training through throughout the field of electronics. CREI
N a resident engineering college or you can take students and graduates hold responsible
a CREI specialized college level electronics positions in every area of electronics and are
program at home. employed by more than 1,700 leading organi-
zations in industry and government.
Wide Choice of Programs. CREI offers you
program arrangements with fourteen areas of Qualifications to Enroll. To qualify for enroll-
specialization in advanced electrcnics. You ment, you should be employed in electronics
can select exactly the area of specialization or have previous experience or practical train-
for the career you want. ing in the use of electronic equipment. You
CREI also offers program arrangements must also be a high school graduate or true
both for those with extensive experience in equivalent.
electronics and for those with only limited
experience. All programs are college -level, All CREI Programs are available
except for a brief introductory level course, under the G.I. Bill
which is optional.

Unique Laboratory Program. CREI now offers Send for FREE Book. If you are qualified,
a unique Electronic Design Laboratory Program send for CREI's full color catalog describing
to train you in the actual design of electronic these college -level programs and your career
circuits. You also get extensive experience in opportunities in advanced electronics. Mail
tests and measurements, breadboarding, pro- card or write for your copy of this book.
totype building and in other areas important
to your career. The Lab Program makes it
easier for you to understand the principles of
advanced electronics. Only CREI offers this
complete college type laboratory program.
The Lab Program includes professional CAPITO
equipment which becomes yours to keep. RADIO
You will especially appreciate the Electronic ENGINEELRING
Circuit Designer, which is available only
through this program and which you will find
INSTITUTE
extremely valuable throughout your profes-
sional career. McGraw-Hill Continuing Education Center
3939 Wisconsin Avenue Northwest
Washington, D. C. 20016
College Credit. You can actually earn college
credit through CREI programs, which you can
use at recognized colleges for an engineering
degree. CREI maintains specific credit transfer
arrangements with selected colleges in the U. S. Accredited Member, National Home Study Council

75

[Link]
 i
Tu Solid State
By Lou Garner

USING THERMOELECTRIC DEVICES

MOST electronics buffs find great delight in demon- Scientists have been working with these units in one form
strating their latest hobby project to friends and or another for over a century and a half, dating back to
neighbors, be it a newly constructed audio amplifier, a 1821, when a German, Thomas Seebeck, discovered that
special-purpose receiver, or whatever. Now you can flab- an electric current will flow in a closed circuit made up of
bergast your friends and astonish your acquaintances just two dissimilar metals as long as the junction between the
by demonstrating the operation of a single, relatively sim- two is maintained at different temperature levels. Named,
ple solid-state device. And you won't need a bench full of appropriately, the Seebeck effect, this discovery has been
extra equipment to accomplish this marvelous feat. All utilized for decades in the manufacture of meter and tem-
you'll need is a standard thermoelectric (TE) module and a perature sensing thermocouples.
suitable dc power source. The next major breakthrough was made in 1834, when a
Call in the friend you wish to impress. Place an aluminum French scientist, Jean Peltier, observed that heat energy
cookie sheet on the kitchen table to "protect the surface" could be transferred across a junction of dissimilar metals
(you don't have to mention that its real purpose is to serve when an electric current was passed through the junction.
as a heat sink). Produce the TE module with a suitable The junction became, in effect, an electrical "heat pump."
flourish and a few well-chosen comments. Place the mod- This is known as the Peltier effect.
ule on the cookie sheet and ask your friend to hold it flat in Today, TE modules are manufactured using semicon-
place while you connect the power leads to a dc power ductors and are classified as solid-state devices. The mod-
supply (in some cases, an ordinary lantern battery). Then ern Peltier TE cell (Fig. 1A) consists of short sections
ask your friend to continue to hold the module down until it of p -type and n -type semiconductor materials bonded
starts to "warm up." together with a heavy metallic strap on one side, with
Within seconds, the module's top surface will start to get electrical connections made to the free'ends of the
cold (unless you goofed and placed it on the cookie sheet semiconductor. elements. Most commercial units are
upside down). Chances are your friend will move his (her?) multi -element modules made up by connecting a number
hand away from the device with some degree of astonish- of individual cells in series electrically, but in parallel as far
ment. Continue watching and, within minutes, athin film of as heat transfer characteristics are concerned, as shown
frost will start to form on the module's top surface. At this in Fig. 1B.
point, you can: (a) tell your friend about the device; (b) tell In operation, a dc voltage is applied to the module (or
him it's a subminiature air conditioner for pygmy space cell), with the positive supply terminal connected to the
capsules; or (c) tell him it's a defective heater that gets cold n -type element, the negative to the p -type. Heat transfer
instead of hot. from one side of the module to the other occurs as a result
After you've had your fun demonstrating the device to all of the continuous formation of new current carriers and
your friends, you can use it in a variety of practical applica- their migration through the semiconductor elements to the
tions, from cooling the output devices in a power amplifier power terminals. Within limits, the greater thé current flow,
to keeping potables at a reasonable drinking temperature. the greater the heat transfer, provided the transferred heat
If you're a high school student, you can incorporate the TE is dissipated by a suitable heat sink. Unfortunately, internal
device in any of a number of exciting Science Fair projects heating occurs as a result of the current flow, just as in a
or, if in college, use it in scientific research work. resistor.
Interestingly, TE devices, in themselves, are not new. At some point, therefore, the heat generated internally

Cold Side

Warm Side
Fig. Thermoelectric devices: single
1.
junction (left) and multi -element (right).
76 POPULAR ELECTRONICS

[Link]
offsets the heat transfer and the unit will no longer operate
efficiently as a heat pump. In practice, then, each module, 1

81
I+ s1

depending on its size and construction, has an optimum 9V

current rating and maximum heat transfer capability. The

direction of heat transfer can be reversed simply by revers- R3
18K
ing the applied voltage polarity. Thus, a single device can
serve either as a cooling or a heating element.
As the legendary two-faced god, Janus, a TE device has 3
ICI
555
two facets to its operation. It can "pump" heat or it can CI + R4
serve as a low -power electrical generator when heat is 10yF N C-- C 18K

"pumped" through it. This can be accomplished by heat-

ing one side of the module while cooling the other. This
technique has been used in commercial and military appli- RI
22011
cations to generate electrical power in remoter areas.
Peltier -type TE modules are available from a number of
major manufacturers, with some models carried as stock R2
22011
items by industrial electronics distributors and the larger
mail-order supply houses. Prices vary, of course, depend-
ing on type and capacity; but in general they are compara- Fig. 2. Reader's flasher circuit uses
ble to the prices of medium -power uhf transistors. In addi- a 555 tuner and a dual -element LED.
tion to the modules themselves, several manufacturers
also offer detailed application notes and handbooks. Featuring a single IC timer, a minimum of additional
The Jermyñ type A1357 is typical of the medium -power components, and adual (red/green) LED, Lindsey's design
units. It has a maximum cooling capacity of 20 watts and a alternately flashes red and green at a rate determined by
maximum current rating of 9 A at 2 V dc. It can be powered the timing capacitor's (Cl) value. The circuit can be used in
by line -operated dc supplies provided the ac ripple does toys, displays, and models or, if preferred, as a unique type
not exceed 15% and can develop a maximum temperature of visual alarm for a control system or intrusion detector.
gradient of 60°C when the warm face is no hotter than +45° With neither layout nor lead dress critical and readily
C. The A1357 sells for $40 each in quantities of up to four available components specified, Lindsey's design can be
units. duplicated quite easily in the home workshop. A standard
Space limitations prohibit our listing all of the firms now 555 is used for /C1 the resistors are'/4 or V2 -watt types, Cl
;

manufacturing thermo-electric devices, but the following is a 10 µF, 10 -to -15 -volt electrolytic capacitor, and LED1 is
offer a number of types which should be of particular a MV5491 red/green dual LED. Operating power is sup-
interest to experimenters and hobbyists: plied by a 9 -volt transistor battery, controlled by a spst
Borg-Warner Thermoelectrics toggle, slide or rotary switch, Si. A pair of individual LED's
Wolf & Algonquin Roads may be substituted for the MV5491, if preferred, provided
Des Plaines, IL 60018 they are connected with reverse polarity, as shown, while
Cambridge Thermionic Corporation the circuit's flashing rate can be changed by using differ-
445 Concord Avenue ent values for Cl.
Cambridge, MA 02138 "How simple can you get?" was my initial reaction to the
Jermyn circuit illustrated in Fig. 3. Submitted by reader James C.
712 Montgomery Street Graves, Jr. (11A Lin Drive, Eglin AFB, Valparaiso, FL
San Francisco, CA 94111. 32542), this square -wave oscillator requires a hex inverter
IC, a feedback capacitor, a dc power source, and ... that's
Reader's Circuits. Apparently, my discussion of LED's all!!! The basic design may be used as part of a function
and their applications in last October's column struck a generator, in a test square -wave generator, as a tone
responsive chord among our readers. A number have sug- source for electronic musical instruments, in a signal in-
gested modifications of the basic circuits discussed,
I jector for radio -TV servicing, as a simple clock source for
several have written of their own experiences with these digital applications, or even as a code -practice oscillator if
intriguing devices, and others have submitted original de- a hand Key is used in series with the power supply.
signs for new applications. The LED flasher circuit given in James suggests a 7404 for /Cl and a 30-µF, 6 -to -12-volt
Fig. 2, for example, was submitted by Michael E. Lindsey electrolytic capacitor for Ci, with the power supply fur-
(2625 Fairgreen Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15241). nishing 4.5 to 5.5 V dc. However, suspect that other I

OUTPUT

7
VCC

1
Fig. 3. Square -wave generator uses only a hex inverter
IC, a feedback capacitor and a dc power source.
FEBRUARY 1975 77

[Link]
standard hex inverters will work equally well in the basic note describes a battery -powered 5 -MHz frequency
design, although the supply voltage may have to be counter featuring McMOS logic circuitry to achieve low -
changed to match device specifications. When duplicating power operation. Designed for use on a 12 -volt power
the circuit, some builders may wish to modify the, original source, the basic counter can be used with any of several
design by adding a two -pole, multi -position switch to pro- readouts.
vide a choice of feedback capacitor values and, thus, a
selection of different output frequencies. From Hamlin, Inc.
(Lake and Grove Streets, Lake Mills, WI 53551):
The Lit Bit. Aside from your favorite technical magazines, Liquid Crystal Display Application Manual-Written as
the best sources of up-to-date literature on semiconductor an introduction to liquid crystal displays and their applica-
devices and their applications are the reams of material tion, this 12 -page, 81/2 x 11 booklet covers such topics as:
published each year by the major semiconductor man- "What are liquid crystal displays?" "What is liquid crys-
ufacturers. While a good deal of this material is directed tal?" "How do LCD's work?" "How many types are there?"
primarily toward the advanced design engineer or to "Applications," and "Other displays." It includes one of
specialists in specific fields, many of the publications are the best explanations we've seen on the difference be-
of general interest and can be particularly valuable to the tween dynamic scattering and field-effect liquid crystals.
student as well as to the serious hobbyist and experi-
menter: Device/Product News.
A fair amount of the material will be found on the litera- The Amperex Electronic Corp. (230 Duffy Ave., Hicksville,
ture shelves of local distributors. Some is available NY 11802) has introduced a moderately priced solid-state
through area manufacturer representatives, while other product which should offer interesting possibilities in the
items must be requested directly from the manufacturer.
Although much of the literature is available without
charge, there may be a nominal price for larger items, such "170/
tritlOR
as bound handbooks. Among the recent publications
which, feel, should be of special interest to our readers
I

(some of which have been called to your attention in PE's

New Literature section) are the following:

From RCA's Solid State Division

(Box 3200, Somerville, NJ 08876):
Understanding CMOS, publication CPI -279. An 80 -page
programmed text structured as a self -teaching aid to
familiarize engineers and technicians with CMOS technol-
ogy. Sells for $2.00/copy.
Thyristors/Rectifiers Pocket Directory, publication
TRP-440A. A 68 -page pocket-size directory describing Amperex's low-cost solid-state doppler
over 500 RCA devices, including SCR's, ITR's, triacs, diacs, radar proximity and motion detector.
and rectifiers.
RCA Solid State IR Emitters, Isolators, and Laser Diodes,
publication OPT -113A. An interesting 6 -page brochure de-
signed so that it can be inserted in a loose-leaf note -book hands of an imaginative hobbyist-a self-contained mi-
or opened for use as a wall -chart, this publication provides crowave mod u le desig ned f or X -band doppler radar proxim-
basic information on RCA's line of subject devices. ity and motion detector systems. Priced at only $47.50
Linear /C Wall Chart, form LIC-247A. Printed on heavy F.O.B. Hicksville in single quantities, the module includes
paper stock, this large wall chart features condensed an integral antenna, Gunn oscillator transmitter and low
technical data and functional diagrams for RCA's line of noise Schottky diode detector. Identified as the DX -489
linear IC's. Microwave Module, the new Amperex device is capable of
detecting a moving man at a distance of 100 feet, and is
suitable for a variety of applications, including intrusion
From Siliconix, Inc. alarm systems and "back-up" safety alarms for trucks,
(2201 Laurelwood Road, Santa Clara, CA 95054): buses and cars. The DX -489 requires a 7 -volt dc power
Designing Junction FET Input Op Amps, application source and consumes less than 1 watt while radiating
note AN74-3. This 18 -page application note deals with the approximately 8 mW at 10.525 GHz. Because of the low -
design criteria for FET input op amps. gain antenna, extremely wide angle coverage is possible.
The unit can be flush -mounted in a ceiling or wall and still
From Motorola Semiconductor Products Division effectively monitor an entire room for "intrusion alarm"
(Box 20912, Phoenix, AZ 85036): applications. External deflectors can be used to shape the
Generate Custom Waveforms Digitally, application note radiated pattern; and the vertical beam width can be re-
AN -589. Prepared by Karl Huehne, this 6 -page publication duced without reduciñg horizontal width.
discusses a method for generating custom waveforms Three new plastic encapsulated devices have been
using IC counters, a read-only memory (ROM), and a added to General Electric's (Semiconductor Products
monolithic digital/analog converter, and a review of pos- Dept., Bldg 7, MD49, Electronics Park, Syracuse, NY
sible applications.' 13201) growing line of power Darlington transistors. Des-
Battery -Powered 5 -MHz Frequency Counter, application ignated types D41 K, D44E and D45E, the new units feature
note AN -717. By Don Aldridge, this 10 -page application high current gains and low saturation voltages, and may be
78
POPULAR ELECTRONICS

[Link]
used as drivers, regulators and amplifiers. The D41 K has a
current rating of 2 amperes, with a minimum beta of 10,000
at 200 mA, and is the pnp complement to the earlier D4OK.
Types D44E and D45E, npn and pnp units, respectively, are
complementary pairs in the 10 -ampere range, and have
minimum betas of 1,000 at 5 amperes. Each type is color-
coded for easy pnp-npn identification.

GREE'N L EC
I,,. .

- GE
0410
-- Put morey
punch in your work.
With a Greenlee Chassis Punch you can punch
clean, true holes in seconds. Round, square,
key or D. In 16-ga. metal, hard rubber, plastic
or epoxy. Available at radio and electronics
parts dealers. Write for catalog E-730.
GE's new series of complementary power Greenlee Tool Co, Rockford, Ill. 61101.
Dnrlii gtons have high current gains.

As a complement to the MPC1000 positive voltage reg-

GREENLEE TOOL CO
ulator, Motorola's Semiconductor Products Division (P.O. Ex -Cell -O
Corporation
Box 20294, Phoenix, AZ 85036) has introduced the
MPC900 negative voltage regulator. Requiring a minimum CIRCLE NO. 16 ON READER SERVICE CARD

of external components for operation, as illustrated in Fig.

4, the new device has a maximum input voltage rating of

6.8 k

10
^100µF 250µF
RA
MPC900
0.1 µF
8
Send for FREE Tiger booklet (20
Ovo
pages) which answers all your
questions.
Case
RSC Name_
O V1

Address
Fig. 4. Typical circuit connections for
Motorola's MPC900 negative voltage regulator.
City
-35 V dc, and can supply an adjustable output voltage
from -4 to -30 volts. Housed in a TO -3 style package, the State Zip-
MPC900 can deliver load currents of up to 10 A without an
external current -boost transistor and has an internal CLIP OUT THIS AD AND SEND TO-
power dissipation capability of 100 W. Device protection is
provided by an adjustable overload circuit. The MPC900 TRI-STAR CORP.
and the MPC1000 can be used together in applications that
require complementary regulated supply voltages with a
P. 0. Box 1727 Dept. E
common ground. Grand Junction, Colo. 81501
CIRCLE NO. 38 ON READER SERVICE CARD
FEBRUARY 1975 79
 We`
co e.
I011111)1

,
Al11111U

CB Scene
By Len Buckwalter
ness. But he has to stop and turn off
his truck engine to hear anything!
Harry found he could reduce an S7
noise reading to about S5, mostly by
treating the voltage regulator and in-
struments (such as the gas gauge).
But a whopping difference happened
when he went all the way and shielded
the ignition system.
The big culprit is the spark plug,
and it's easy to see why. If you could
somehow bring back Heinrich Hertz
TAKING THE BARK OUT OF SPARK and show him the diagram of a car's
ignition, he'd likely say, "Looks like
the radio transmitter Ibuilt around
'THOUGHT knew something
I Harry had tried the usual suppres- 1890." There's a high -voltage
about ignition noise until met I sion measures years ago. He had in- generator and spark -discharge gap
Harry Bichsel. He probably knows stalled filters, bypass capacitors and reminiscent of turn -of -the -century
more about the snaps, crackles and other items to short-circuit offending radio apparatus. A steeply peaked
pops that tear up our mobile rigs than r -f hash to ground before it rides into electrical discharge across an air gap
any other CB'er around today. Harry's the receiver through antenna or power creates a wave rich in harmonics that
a retired electrical engineer (from leads. If ignition noise causes an easily extends to 27 MHz. To make
Westinghouse) and he's spent 25 S -meter reading of S7, he explains, matters worse, the wires from each
years tracking down the nasty noises that's about 42 dB, considering that spark plug to the car's distributor act
that disable the communications of a each S -unit might be equivalent to 6 as a multi -element transmitting an-
mobile rig. As drove up to his home,
I dB. It means an incoming signal must tenna. You can't bypass high-tension
he was puttering with a huge contrap- rise to considerable strength to over- wires because it would warp the clean
tion that looked like a barn door ride the noise. The weak ones are waveform needed for good ignition,
painted black and covered with never heard. As he demonstrated the and cost a fortune anyway. In a high -
plumbing pipes. soon found out it
I point, recalled a friend of mine who
I
compression engine, spark -plug volt-
was designed to capture energy from runs a vending -machine route and ages occasionally reach 30 to 40
the sun. But was more interested in
I calls his office on CB to get messages. kilovolts. Thus, the practical answer is
the two vehicles parked next to Harry's
infernal solar machine-a 1971 Ford
LTD and a perky Mustang. They
looked like ordinary cars, but some-
. .
It's a great moneysaver in his busi- to shield the ignition wires.

thing beneath their bonnets made

them the most interference -free
mobiles for miles around. They had
shielded ignition systems. (
CB manufacturers have already
done their part in trying to lick mobile
radio's greatest problem. Noise limit-
ers on today's sets are a far cry from
the simple diode clippers of an earlier
time. The diode simply clips the sharp
spike created by a noise pulse just be-
fore it passes into the receiver's audio
circuits. Since the pulse is almost al-
ways stronger than the voice modula-
tion, the desired audio goes through
unaffected. Well, almost, because
t-
clippers aren't perfect and they can
reduce the set's intelligibility. If you
get one of the newer r -f noise -silencer
circuits, chances are it does a better _4
job by attacking noise much earlier in
the receiver, before those spikes slop
up the -f circuits. But noise limiters
i

aside, it's generally agreed that in

mobile rigs it's best to suppress the
noise where it begins-in the car's
electrical system. Let the noise limit- At center is the distributor with a shield can
ers in the receiver deal with noise from clamped over it. In the technician's hand are
the other fellow's car. high-tension wires encased in shield braid.
80 POPULAR ELECTRONICS

[Link]
 SAVES GAS!
REDUCES
MAINTENANCE!
.r The Most Advanced
IGNITION SYSTEM.-
Never wears out or needs any Maintenance.

Perfect Timing and Dwell never change!

The Allison OPTO -ELECTRIC System eliminates the Points
and Condenser, replacing them with an OPTO -ELECTRONIC
TRIGGER, using a Light -Emitting Diode and Phototransistor.
Completely eliminates Point and wiper -arm "Friction" wear:
The only "TRUE" Electronic Ignition...that you can buy
for under $100. Gives 40 -times more Timing Accuracy
than AYY system Using "Mechanical" Breaker -Points!
Unlimited RPM. Smoother running (No timing fluctuation
L. as with Magnetic Units). All SOLID-STATE Components.
: S UNAFFECTED by Temperature, Moisture, or Vibration!
Easier Starting under any condition! Increased Horsepower.
Sparkplugs last 3 to 10 -times Longer. PERFECT TIMING
INCREASES Engine Efficiency and Gas Mileage up to 30%!
Pays far itself! Eliminates ignition Tune -Ups forever!

The ingnition coil is shielded where the wires

connect to it. Shield braids are pulled
* Quick and Easy Installation!
Tested and Proven reliability.

over the primary wires going to the coil. Only 14995 SATISFACTION GUARANTEED!
Complete. 1-YEAR FACTORY WARRANTY.
(State Make, Year, Engine Size). (Calif. Res. add Tax).
CONVERT YOUR "C -D" UNIT TO BREANERLESSI

How to Shield. Harry has some good

pointers on how the job is done. The
culating in the shield braids. Since
Harry does his own ignition tuneups,
* Opto -Electric "TRIGGER UNIT"... Only '34.95

Send Postcard for FREE BROCHURE Today.

first is to draw your own diagram that he overlaps some braid on one lead to ALLISON AUTOMOTIVE CO.
11619-P, East EDNA PL., COVINA, CAL. 91722
shows where each spark plug and coil the ignition coil so he can slide back
CIRCLE NO. 2 ON READER SERVICE CARD
wire are connected in your car. Also the braid and attach a tach or dwell
find the indexing mark on the dis- meter. He's found no difference in en-
tributor that orients the wires with re- gine performance or distributor point
spect to the ignition timing. (If you re- life after shielding the ignition system. ON
verse a spark plug wire, it'll mess up Is it worth all the trouble? I'd always
HUGFAMOUS
the firing order.) All the old spark plug thought shielding an ignition system
BRAND
wires should be removed and re-
placed because these leads must be in
was something done only in airplanes
and text books. Much too exotic for us
SE'Jt4"
p COVAPONENIS
excellent condition in a shielded sys- civilians. The answer came as Harry
tem. Any cracks in the insulation will fired up the big V-8 and turned on a CB
surely cause an engine miss, since the transceiver that had a plastic case, no
spark is attracted to the easy ground less. The little radio hardly protested. DISCOUNTS
afforded by the copper braid pulled Of course, some cars are quiet, ON NATIONALLY ADVERTISED
over each wire. One end of the braid is while another of the same make can TURNTABLES CARTRIDGES
soldered to a metal shield that covers create the sound of hail on a tin roof. I

COMPACTS RECEIVERS
the spark plug. The other end of the challenged Harry to remove some of AMPLIFIERS TAPE RECORDERS
braid is soldered to a can fitted over the shielding. All he did was slide back Wholesale Prices! Audio Warehouse Sales,
the distributor cap. (That cap is plastic the shield braid from a coil wire and One of the Capitols largest stereo whole-
and radiates considerable noise.) the radio made noises like Baron salers will fill and deliver all your mail
orders promptly in factory sealed cartons,
Another metal cap is fitted over the Frankenstein's laboratory. The at prices that will amaze you.
plastic end of the ignition coil to con- receiver's S -meter, which had been Write for quote on Famous Brand,
tain noise emitted from that area. idling atagentle reading of or2 units 1 Stereo Components. We guarantee
Shielded braid is also pulled over the swung to S7. satisfaction.
primary wires to the coil, and a 0.1-µF Maybe the time and trouble to shield
bypass capacitor is fastened to a coil
lead.
That's the basic routine for shield-
the ignition are worth it after all. re-
call only one mobile rig operated in
I

the past that wasn't troubled in some

I

AUDIO
ing an ignition system. Good insula- way by ignition interference. It was
SALES
tion around the plugs inside the shield aboard a boat a couple of years ago. WAREHOUSE
NEW YORKAE. E.
is important to avoid any possibility of Boats, like cars, are prolific noise D.C. 20002
arcing. The bypass capacitor on the generators. But come to think of it,
ignition coil is needed to establish a that boat was powered by a diesel WAS (202)832 -1616
good r -f short for noise currents cir- engine. It had no spark plugs! O CIRCLE NO. 39 ON READER SERVICE CARD
FEBRUARY 1975 81

[Link]
 15 Eliciting new projects for '75
-__ fir

!MS :2d

GR-500
2~,1.
Simulated TV pictures ,1 GR-300

GR-400

15,17 & 19" (diagonal) Color TVs G R-20 )0

with On -Screen Digital Readout Simulated TV picture
Advanced Heath engineering and outstanding picture quality. All fea-
ture on -screen channel readout & optional plug-in clock modules.
In -line picture tubes with slotted shadow masks provide exception-
ally bright, sharp pictures. In the GR-400 and 500, black matrix tubes Highly Acclaimed GR-2000 Digital -Design Color TV
improve contrast. And here's something new-static torpid yoke &
magnet assemblies never require convergence & fixed LC filters The set that brought TV into the digital age-and still one of the
eliminate instrument IF alignment. GR-300 & 400 come with walnut finest made. Tuning is totally digital solid-state & the channel num-
veneer cabinets; cabinets for the GR-500 start at $39.95.' ber appears right on the big, 25" (diagonal) screen. The optional
clock module also displays the time on the screen. For the ultimate
Kit GR-300 (15" diag.), with cabinet 449.95' in convenience, add the optional wireless remote control. Can be
Kit GR-400 (17" diag.), with cabinet 489.95' custom mounted; optional cabinets start at $119.95'.
Kit GR-500 (19" diag.), less cabinet 499.95' Kit GR-2000, less cabinet 669.95*
Kit GRA-2000-1, Digital Clock Module 29.95 Kit GRA-2000-1, Digital Clock Module 29.95'

NEW Portable Digital Multimeter

Professional performance at a budget price.
26 ranges resolve voltages to 100 aV, currents NEW DC-10MHz Oscilloscope
to 100 nA, measures AC & DC current up to A great scope-a great value! Perfect for TV
2 A, resistance from 100 to 1000K ohms. Big, servicing. 10 mV vertical input sensitivity, NEW Code Practice Oscillator
bright 31/2 -digit readout with automatic over - time bases from 200 ms/cm to 200 ns/cm, As much fun to build as it is to use. It's battery
range & polarity indications. Built-in refer- internal or external digital triggering, two
ence standards for easy field calibration. operated for complete portability. Built-in
input channels. Mu -metal shielded tube with speaker, adjustable tone & volume, head-
With rechargeable batteries & AC line cord. 8x10 cm graticule. phone jack. With key. Less battery.
Kit IM -2202 179.95' Kit 10-4530 299.95' Kit HD -1416 9 95'

r..
ww.1,.

NEW NEW Solid -State Dip Meter

Emergency Car Strobe Light Fully portable, fits in your hand. NEW Windshield Wiper Delay
NEW 40 kV Metered Probe Highly visible amber flash warns Covers 1.6 to 250 MHz in funda- Provides exactly the wiper speed
Ideal for high -voltage TV mea- otherdrivers when yourcarstalls mentals. MOS-FET paraphrase you need for safe driving in any
surements-up to 40 kV with or breaks down. Non -marring amp, hot-carrier diodes, Q -mul- weather, from light mist to heavy
1 3% accuracy. On/off switch. magnetic base,12'cord, plug fits tiplier. With case, 7plug-in coils. rain. Works with most 12 VDC
Kit IM -5210 17.95' cigarette lighter. For 12 VDC. Less battery. positive or negative ground cars.
Assembled SM-5210 24.95' Kit GD-1026 29.95' Kit HD -1250 59.95' Kit CH -1068 14.95'
82
POPULAR ELECTRONICS

[Link]
 at traditional Heathkit IUUiflgI
there are 350 more
in the new FREE
Heathkit catalog!
Who can build our kits? Anybody!
For over 27 years we've made superb electronic
equipment that anyone can build-even with no prior
knowledge of electronics or kit building. Famous
Heathkit assembly manuals guide you step by step,
showing you exactly what to do-even how to
solder like a pro.
And we back every Heathkit purchase with
people. Expert technical consultants at the factory
and trained service personnel from coast to
coast are ready to help every step of the way.
Thousands of Heath customers will tell you-
we won't let you fail!
When you're finished, you'll own one of the finest
products available-kit or assembled. But don't
take our word for it, independent reviewers
consistently praise their quality.
You'll enjoy the satisfaction-and savings-of building a
useful product with your own hands. And for years to come,
you'll enjoy its unexcelled quality and performance.
Build it yourself-with a little help from Heath.

)'

0
'1+;:1a:".:`
,ty
+ ® '
)2'12',3(

.
'7:777,1

;£
rcw..:
op

AM/FM Digital Alarm Clock Radio

One of the world's most sophisticated radios. Big, bright Beckman
planar gas discharge tubes display the time, automatically adjusting
NEW Heathkit/Delta Home Security System their brightness as room lighting changes. Standby battery power
Everything you need for a complete home security system. Remote keeps the clock-and you-on time (without the display) even if the
detectors connect to Central Processor through your home's elec- electricity is interrupted. It wakes you to your favorite station or 'a
trical wiring. Inputs for ultrasonic intrusion detector, heat & smoke gentle, electronic beep with adjustable volume. The radio section
detectors plus "panic button" & remote on/off switch. Central uses fixed ceramic filters for AM and FM and a factory-assembled
Processor features built-in speaker; output for an external speaker. and aligned FM front-end with 5uV sensitivity.
Sounds alarm during power failure. Kit GR-1075, less batteries 129.95'

Send for your free r Heath Company

I HEATH

.Schlumberger
1975 Heathkit Catalog today! Dept. 10-02
Benton Harbor, Michigan 49022
HEATHKIT ELECTRONIC CENTERS-Units of Schlumberger Products Corporation
Retail prices slightly higher.
ARIZ.: Phoenix; CALIF.: Anaheim, El Cerrito, Los Angeles, Pomona, Redwood Name
City, San Diego (La Mesa), Woodland Hills; COLO.: Denver; CONN.: Hartford
(Avon); FLA.: Miami (Hialeah), Tampa; GA.: Atlanta; ILL.: Chicago, Downers
Grove; IND.: Indianapolis; KANSAS: Kansas City (Mission); KY.: Louisville; LA.: Address
New Orleans (Kenner); MD.: Baltimore, Rockville; MASS.: Boston (Wellesley);
MICH.: Detroit; MINN.: Minneapolis (Hopkins); MO.: St. Louis (Bridgeton); NEB.:
Omaha; N.J.: Fair Lawn; N.Y.: Buffalo (Amherst), New York City, Jericho (L.I.), City State Zip
Rochester, White Plains; OHIO: Cincinnati (Woodlawn), Cleveland, Columbus, PRICES L SPECIFICATIONS SUBJECT TO CHANCE WITHOUT NOTICE.
Toledo; PA.: Philadelphia, Pittsburgh; R.I.: Providence (Warwick); TEXAS: Dallas, MAIL ORDER PRICES, F.O.B. FAC,ORV. CL -555
Houston; VA.: Norfolk (Va. Beach); WASH.: Seattle; WIS.: Milwaukee.
CIRCLE NO. 5 ON READER SERVICE CARD
FEBRUARY 1975 85

[Link]
 A closer look at the schematic,
which fortunately had, showed that
I

there were three transistors in the

power supply for further filtering.
Operating as filters and voltage reg-
ulators, they noise-cancel the ripple
and keep voltage at the prescribed
level. In addition, they clean out any 60
Hz or 15,750 Hz from the vertical and
horizontal sweep circuits that might
By Art Margolis be coupled into the supply and redis-
tributed throughout the TV.

MYSTERY OF THE POCKET POWER SUPPLY How They Operate. As electrons are drawn
from the TV circuits to the B+ source
in the supply, the electrons encounter
AS OPENED the door of my
I tron storage to keep the output near the collectors of an active power filter
shop one morning, was startled
I
the peak. If the filter is large enough, it system and the emitter of a filter
by the barking of a white toy poodle. A keeps on discharging, with little lower- driver, two pnp's and an npn.
little old lady, obviously the tiny dog's ing of voltage until the next peak. The active power filters have their
owner, said sternly, "Quiet Killer." She A glance at the schematic of the emitters connected to the rectifier.
then picked up Killer, put him in her Sony showed that, while the ac input Electrons can thus flow easily through
large pocket book, and followed me was 117V, the power supply B+ output. the collector to the emitter and on to
into the store. was supposed to be way down at 10 the rectifier. Ripple, of course, pulses
Strolling uptothecounter,shepulled volts. For receivers having a high B+ the electron flow.
a 4 -inch (measured diagonally) input (in the hundreds), a filter size like Meanwhile, the filter driver has its
black -and -white Sony TV out of the 20, 50, or 100 /IF is ample. In small collector attached to the bases of the
same large pocket book. shrugged,I transistor sets where the B+ is so low, active power filters. The base of the
wrote up a service ticket and placed it a large storage device is needed (1,000 driver, however, is connected to a
in line for the bench. µF or higher is common). network between the +10 volt line and
didn't get to it until late afternoon.
I The Sony had two 1000-µF filters at ground. It takes a steady sample of the
Plugging it in and turning it on, the the dc output and a 1900-µF at the ac rectifier ripple. The ripple enters the
sound snapped on instantly. Some input. These were the prime suspects. base of the driver and is amplified and
light struggled to appear on the located them quickly on the power
I
inverted 180 degrees. Since its col-
screen, and finally pushed its way out. supply board and decided to test them lector is attached directly to the bases
At the same time, heard a buzz in the
I by direct replacement. of the active filter, the inverted ripple
sound. Examining the raster, it was About ten minutes later, had them I
modulates the B+ passing through
shrunk in on all four sides and badly out, new ones in and then the old ones the active filter. The inverted ripple,
bowed. The bowing then moved back in place. They were all good. Un- 180 degrees out of phase with the ac-
slowly through the picture and, as the happily, the test didn't work! tive filter's ripple, cancels all ripple.
bend reached the bottom of the
screen some flopover occurred.
slid the chassis out of the tiny
I
Schematic and layout of the power supply board.
cabinet and frowned at the tightly
packed conglomeration of tuner,
three printed boards and a CRT
assembly. There were no tubes except
the CRT and high -voltage quintupler.
The classical symptoms. There was
visible hum in the picture, audible 390.11 10V ELECTRON
hum in the sound and four-sided -MWVJ/v
LOW
shrink. This indicated that a filter in 0.511 ±.L SOURCE
[Link] C4 C5
the power supply had failed. The IineRECTIFIERS 0.5n 1000 1000
}IF yF
voltage pulsations, if they weren't fil- E

tered, would raise the dickens in the

13.2V
3.9K =
picture and sound, while lowering B+
voltages enough to cause vertical and B
12.8V
B
12.8 V
horizontal shrinking of the picture. C 03
The filters in the power supply are 12.8V'

needed to smooth out pulsations after FILTER VOLTAGE

REGULATOR.
10 DRIVER
the rectifier changes the input to pul- 5K
C2
sating output. As the rectifier con- 50 p 1.7V
ducts, the filter charges near the peak
IK
voltage of the rectifier's output. Then CI TOyF
C3
39011
as the cycle approaches the zero base T1900yF

line, the filter discharges a bit of elec-

86
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
[Link]
 In the base circuit of the driver is a I.C. DISCOUNTS TO 43%!
potentiometer used to adjust the size Last month we tittered double your money back on any detective I.C.'s delivered
by OEMorsco to Convince you of the tact that we otter 100% certified parts of the
of the amplified ripple. The adjust-
ment is a screwdriver type, accessible
through a hole on the center of the
r

An OEM Distributor Of
orsco highest reliability This month we are reminding you that we also oiler
discounts of up to 43-,. We altered this discount last month. and this month
we still stand on our Double Your Money Back policy. We are the name to least
In high quality I.C.'s. We otter OEM prices because we buy to DEM volume.
and in these times of ever -rising prices we want to pass along Our
power supply board. took my minia-
I
Certified Integrated Circuits
decreasing costs to you.
ture screwdriver and tried the pot. No 7460 .33 74158 1.38 74151 .39 745113 1.03
TTL DTL LINEAR
effect. Symptoms were unchanged. 7400 .29
7470 .38 74160 1.89 74154 .39 745114 1.03
930 .42
7472 .36 74161 1.89 74155 .39 745140 3.45
then read the dc voltage at source.
I
7401 .27
7473 .49 74162 1.93 74171 .52 745153 2.00
932 .42 703111
703LN
.90
.80
1M306H
1M30711
5.28
.65
7402 .29 935 .46
Instead of 10 V there was about eight. I 7403 .29
7474 .49 74163 1.99 74173
74174
.68 745157 2.90
936 .48 709CH .70 LM307N .60
7475 .83 74164 1.43 .68 H SERIES .46 709CN .44 1M308H 1.75
turned the control again, noting that 7404
7405
.31
.31
7476 .65 74165 1.43 74175 2.90 741100 .51
937
944 .39 710C11 .60 LM308AH 5.88
74166 1.85 .74
the eight volts did not vary. Aha! The 7406 .48
7480
7482
.66
11 74170 4.02
74178
74185 1.80
74601 .51 945 .63 710CN .55 LM309H 1.80
7407 .47
1
741104 .57 946 .39 711 C H .70 LM3091( 2.10
trouble was apparently in this pocket 7408 .33
7483 1.55 74173 2.99 741.86 .74 741105 .57 948 .61 711CN .65 1M31111 2.60
7485 2.37 74174 2.85 74190 1.83 741108 .57 1.64
power supply. 7410 .28
7486 .48 74175 2.00 '4191 1.83 741110 .48
949
958
.41
1.22
723CH
723CN
.95
.70
LM311N
LM311N-14 2.15
7411 .33
Turning off the TV, began resis-
I
7413 .59
7489
7490
4.29
.81
74176
74177
1,29
1.29
74193
74195
1.77
1.69
74811 .74 960 1.43 7230 3.88 1M320 3.00
74820 .47 .42 741C11 .68 1M3208 3.30
tance readings. When tested the re-
I
7414
7416
2.90
.45
7491 1.39 74180 1.10 74198 1.83 74521 d7
961
962 .42 741CN .48 LM3407 1.88
74181 2.85 741164 1.45
sistance across the 390 -ohm resistor 7417 '.45 7492
7433
.84
.82 74182 .88 741165 1.45
74522 .47 963 .45 LM107H 6.85 LM3401( 2.75
7420 .29 741130 .47 1800 .37 LM300H 3.30 183806 1.35
in the +10 volt line, the meter read 7423 .73
7494 1.19 74190 1.77 741192 2.10 741140 47 1808 .37 LM301AH .68 1M3806-8 1.75
7495 1.10 74191 1.77 741193 2.10
almost zero. The resistor looked clean 7425 .40
7496 1.13 74192 1.77
741150
74651
.47
.47
1812 .59 LM301AN
LM302H
.53
2.97
LM381 2.15
7426 .37 11,138211 1.70
and shiny however, which meant it 74107 .53 74193 1.77 S SERIES 741152 47
LSI
7427 .41 LM304H 3.00 LM39005 .95
74109 .85 74194 1.75 74500 .49 1103 7.75
741153 47 1.65
was probably good. The short circuit 7430
7432
.29
74121 .63 74195 1.25 74503 .49 741154 47
MM5013N 6.26
1M30511
.31
74504 .52 MM5016N 3.00
appeared to be across the resistor, 7437 .65
74123
74125
1.06
.68
74196
74197
1.50
1.50 74505 .52
74555 .47
MM5017N 6.15
NE501A Video Amp 2.87
741160 .47 185556 Timer .77
but two active power filters par- 7438
7440
.65
.31
74126 .68 74198 2.75 74510 .49
741161 .47
MM50S5N 4.93 685608 PL1 2.51
74132 1.85 74199 2.75 74511 .49 MM5057N 4.40
74662
alleled it! 7441 1.18
74141 1.37 74200 9.00 74515 .49
741171
.47
.73
MM5058NI
NE562B
NE565A
PLL
PLL
2.43
1.80
7442 1.03
had to unsolder them for the final
I
7445 1.37
74145 1.66 L SERIES
74520 .49
74/172 .73
2533V
MM5061N
8.25 NE566V Funct. Gen. 1.55
74150 1.33 74522 .49
74673 1.20
4.25 NE567V Tone Dec.
74100 .39 2.50
test. But it was worth it! They were 7446
7447
1.09
74151 1.02
74102 .39
74540 .49
741174 1.20 POWER
1.09
74564
both shorted. Zero ohms from E to C. 7448 1.22
74153
74154
1.39
1.91
74104 .41
74565
.49
.49
74576
74578
1.19
1.19
SPECIALS
74105 .40 3.90
In a few minutes had new ones in-
I
7450
7451
.33
.33
74155 1.33 74110 .39
74574 .98 7411103 1.18
DTS413
MJ3001 2.25
74456 .99 74586 .99
stalled. The picture spread out both 7453 .33
74157 1.01
74120
74142
.39
1.81
745112 1.03
7411106
745108
1.21
1.36
MJ2501 2.73
7454 .33
vertically and horizontally, the visible Please inquire about DM8090 through DM8880. F9300 serles. Slgnetl s 2500 and 81 s rles. and CMOS. OEMorsco
hum was gone and the buzz in the We also otter burn -in and custom testing (e.g. LM3084N-0.1mv1 to OEM's 2403 Charleston Road
sound was eliminated. Also, flop -over DISCOUNTS: 5100-12% 5350-18', 51000-26% 53500-36', 5106-43'. Mountain View, CA 94043
415-965-4446
disappeared and the vertical hold TERMS: Cash. check. or your favorite credit card. 25% on C.O.D.
CIRCLE NO. 25 ON READER SERVICE CARD
locked the picture tightly.
It was closing time now and could I

hear Harry Harris whistling as he

swept the front of the store.
I called the number on the little old
lady's ticket. "Ma'am, your TV is com-
pleted," told her. "we're closing in a
CATALOG llltIfltO$tI
and FM DIRECTORY
I

few minutes."
"Killer and would be so pleased if
I
Get all the newest and latest information on the new McIntosh Sol-
we could have it for tonight. Could you id State equipment in the McIntosh catalog. In addition you will
receive an FM station directory that covers all of North America.

--
deliver it?"
Since it was on my way home, and it
was probably her only TV, said yes. .a._.
.. ,... . ;

,
I

~. .

knocked on her door. She came to

N-H
I

!t VOt ,«.;
the window, and waved me to the gar-
C If 8_

--..-74.
N
Pi

Ill III

age. When the overhead door 61,bsL

squeaked open, Killer was there and

started his high-pitched bark. Walking
in, saw a four -foot high doll house
I

with its roof lying on the floor. On the

second story was a tiny dog's bed- MX 113'
room and a miniscule TV table that FM/FM STEREO -AM TUNER AND PREAMPLIFIER
was perfectly sized for the Sony had I

in my hand. McIntosh Laboratory, Inc.

I placed the TV on the table, as di- East Side Station P.O. Box 96
Binghamton, N.Y. 13904
rected by the woman, plugged it in an Dept. PE
' actual electric outlet on the doll house

wall and attached an antenna wire that NAME

came through the wall near the outlet. ADDRESS
Video and sound came on, and Killer
CITY STATE ZIP
quickly snuggled down in front of
it. Guess a dog's life isn't so bad If you are in a hurry for your catalog please send the coupon to McIntosh.
nowadáys. p For non rush service send the Reader Service Card to the magazine.
CIRCLE NO. 22 ON READER SERVICE CARD
FEBRUARY 1975 87

[Link]
 -
LEARNING TO LIVE WITH DIGITAL

I
III
Test Equipment

had to make a guess, I would

F I
Scene

say that most electronics service

By Leslie Solomon

culators, clocks, and even wrist-

watches-some of which are going to
Like most other digital probes, the
Model 416 has a lit LED for a logic 1
and a dark LED for logic 0.
At first, the waveforms may appear
confusing but they are far easier to
interpret than a scope waveform. The
four lines represent the logic 1's and
0's that are present at four different
points in the particular circuit. The
circles within the waveforms repre-
sent the LED's in the probe display.
There are only two states-on and off.
If you were using a digital probe with a
single LED, it would blink on and off
depending on whether the probe tip
was at a point that was 0 or 1 at that
instant. Clean decisions are being
made at all times. There are no ques-
technicians are afraid to tackle jobs need servicing one of these days. tions of linearity, biasing, harmonic
involving digital circuits. More than The Altair 8800 Minicomputer intro- distortion, trap adjustments, etc.
likely, this fear comes from a feeling duced in this magazine last month There are no scope sweep rates to ad-
that the technician knows almost no- shows promise of wide use in many just, no vertical gain to be set, no trig-
thing about digital electronics and is areas-schools, homes, garages, gering point to be found, and no
preconditioned by the "science fic- shops, etc.,etc.-presenting a chal- time-consuming alignments to be
tion" surrounding it. Yet, these same

00U00
lenge that the service technician must made.

00 00
technicians think nothing of tackling a accept for the sake of his future liveli-
complex color -TV problem, armed hood.
with nothing more than some basic
test equipment and a service manual
that may or may not be correct for the
particular receiver.
However, the most important tool
that the service technician has
-problem solving "savvy" gleaned
Furthermore, audio equipment can
not be expected to remain a bastion of
linear equipment for long. Digital re-
cording of music is a reality. Using
analog -to -digital and digital -to -analog
techniques, tapes have been pro-
duced that rival present-day analog
0
= LED ON
0
0
0
0 0 0
O 0
0

from many years of experience-is an recorded versiohs. O =LED OFF

attribute that can make any digital cir-
cuit just as easy to service as a five - Where to Start. How does one learn When it comes to digital IC's, we
tube radio. the principles of digital logic? One have all learned by now to ignore their
Let's consider a few facts. During all way is through reading the articles on internal circuits and deal with them on
the years that most service techni- the subject in this or other magazines. a black -box level. Some pins are in-
cians were ignoring digital circuits Another is to take a course through puts, and some are outputs. All you
-leaving them to the computer ex- one of the schools advertised here. need is some way to indicate the input
perts and the "wild-eyed" electronics The latter approach will give you a and output relationships (logic
hobbyists who build strange digital long-term knowledge that can be ap- states), all of which are available from
projects-designers of all kinds of plied to any digital service job you the circuit schematic or the supplier of
consumer devices were putting digital might encounter in the future. the device. Add to this a basic know-
circuits to use in their products. Last What does the service technician do ledge of some simple logic (AND,
year, the Heath Co. introduced a color when faced with a repair job on a digi- NAND, OR,NOR, etc.) and the mysteri-
TV receiver that uses digital logic for tal circuit? The first thing is to arm ous circuit starts to yield its secrets.
tuning and displaying channel yourself with a simple digital probe. All that remains is to follow the 1's
number and time on the CRT. This re- There are several commercial models and 0's down the line (just as you
ceiver also uses quite a bit of digital available, or plans for building your would follow a signal through the cir-
logic in its remote control. Magnavox own have been published in this cuit of a TV receiver), looking for the
has now introduced the "Star" system magazine (for example: "IC Digital correct signal. When an improper
in its latest color TV receivers, with Logic Memory Probe," March 1974 logic state is found, the defective
heavy use of digital circuits. Soon, we and "Digiviewer," March 1971). With'a 'stage is pinpointed. When you con-
will see FM tuners with 100% digital probe and the timing diagram of the sider the numerous voltages and
front ends and numeric channel read- equipment to be serviced, the techni- waveforms encountered in trouble-
out using LED's or liquid crystal dis- cian can use his savvy to take on most shooting a TV receiver, digital logic
plays. A digital power amplifier will any job. Actually, a digital probe is circuits become almost elementary.
soon find its way to the market; and easier to use than either a scope or a Essentially, what we are saying is
frequency synthesizers using digital VTVM. For example, the sketch shows that we must learn to live with digital
logic are already an important part of a typical digital waveform as seen on a electronics or prepare to live with the
CB rigs. Lastly, we have recently been MITS MitScope Model 416 (a four - servicing standards (and income) of
inundated by all types of digital cal - channel digital probe with memory). the five -tube radio days.
88 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
[Link]
 shooting procedures and techniques. The ABOUT YOUR
text and diagram coverage takes in both
discrete -transistor and selected
SUBSCRIPTION
Your subscription to POPULAR
integrated -circuit amplifier designs. The ELECTRONICS is maintained on one of
text assumes specific design goals and the world's most modern, efficient
conditions, then presents simple,, practical computer systems, and if you're like
99% of our subscribers, you'll never
approaches to designing circuits that have any reason to complain about
meet the' assumed requirements. your subscription service.
Electronics Library Published by Prentice -Hall, Inc., En- We have found that when com-
plaints do arise, the majority of them
glewood Cliffs, NJ 07632. Hard cover. 414 occur because people have written
pages. $15.00. their names or addresses differently
at cifferent times. For example, if
your subscription were listed under
PRACTICAL TRIAC/SCR PROJECTS
POLICE CALL "William Jones, Cedar Lane, Mid-
dletown, Arizona," and you were to
FOR THE EXPERIMENTER by Gene C. Hughes, Editor renew it as 'Till Jones, Cedar Lane,
by Richard W. Fox Middletown, Arizona," our computer
Here is a series of handbooks which list would think that two separate sub-
There are many works with "Practical Pro- police, fire, ambulance, paramedic, rescue scriptions were involved, and it
jects" titles that are no more than compila- squad, and government radios by fre- would start sending you two copies
Of POPULAR ELECTRONICS each month.
tions of schematics, with little or no expla- quencies and call letters and by city, Other examples of combinations of
nation of circuit operation. This book is a county, and state. names that would confuse the com-
notable exception. Starting with basic pn Those who have taken up Public Safety puter would include: John Henry
junction theory, the author progresses Radio monitoring as a hobby will find Smith and Henry Smith; and Mrs.
Joseph Jones and Mary Jones. Minor
through BJT and UJT theory to three -junc- these comprehensive lists a real help in differences in addresses can also
tion devices-SCR's and Triacs. Practical identifying transmissions or in seeking lead to difficulties. For example, to
projects are incorporated, utilizing the de- stations in their immediate area. the computer, 100 Second St. is not
the same as 100 2nd St.
veloped theory. These range from flip-flops The series, which is updated annually, So, please, when you write us
to light organs. Also included are switching covers the 48 states and the District of about your subscription, be sure to
and voltage control circuits for a variety of Columbia. The nine volumes are divided enclose the mailing label from the
cover of the magazine-or else copy
ac and dc loads. The book is written for the so as to provide area coverage of contigu- your name and address exactly as
technician and advanced hobbyist. ous states. In addition to the actual list- they appear on the mailing label.
Published by Tab Books, Blue Ridge Sum- ings, the handbook provides detailed in- This will greatly reduce any chance
mit, PA. 17214, 192 pages. $7.95 hard of error, and we will be able to ser-
structions for using the data and a vice your request much more
cover; $4.95 paper back. "beginner's" guide to radio monitoring. quickly.
Available from Police Call, Lebanon, NJ
RESISTIVE AND REACTIVE CIRCUITS 08833. 88 pages. $3.95 each volume plus
50 cents First Class postage and 20 cents
by Albert P. Malvino
sales tax for New Jersey residents (specify -

This textbook is equally suited to formal geographical location).

classroom and home study As its title im-
plies, it is presented in two parts. Part 1 HANDBOOK OF ELECTRONIC TABLES AND
deals with resistive circuits, covering both FORMULAS (FOURTH EDITION)
series and parallel configurations,
theorems and laws, basic measurements,
and time. Part 2 is devoted to reactive cir-
cuits, includingcapacitance, inductance,
by D. Herrington and S. Meacham
The revised edition of the Handbook is a
thorough listing of most of, the commonly
1111E0Ali
transients, reactance, phasor analysis, re- used formulas in the field of electronics.
IS1EIVEO COMPONENTS
sonance, instantaneous ac analysis, Basic formulas and laws, including Ohm's ' _Largest selectión of top name
switching circuits, etc. The student should law, Kirchoff's laws, resistance, capaci- bránds. .try us and see. ..
. .

have some familiarity with algebra and tance, and inductance relationships, are
trigometry, although reviews of math are
given where needed. Each section finishes
with a series of questions related to the
subject covered, and answers to odd -
covered in Part One. Constants, and gov-
ernment and industry standards are in-
cluded in the second section. A table of
conversion factors is helpful in changing a
Its worm a cal
numbered questions are provided in the value into another measuring system. (301)488 - 9600
back of the book. Symbols, abbreviations, coaxial line
Published by McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1221
Avenue of the Americas, New York, NJ
characteristics, hardware data, filter and
attenuator configurations, and mathemat-
r
10020. Hard cover. 592 pages. $12.95. ical tables and formulas are included in
Idb
1,

r
other sections.
HANDBOOK OF MODERN Published by Howard W. Sams and Co., 9
SOLID-STATE AMPLIFIERS 4300 W 62nd Street, Indianapolis, Ind.
;,r',.i,.1II I .

by John D. Lenk
46206, 264 pages. $6.95, hardbound.
11,p, i,1dól
,

!
This handbook covers the theory, proven SOLID STATE DEVICES:
DEPT. D
design practices, test procedures, and ANALYSIS AND APPLICATION
6330 Frankford Ave.
troubleshooting techniques of modern Baltimore, Md. 21206
solid-state amplifiers. The first chapter by William D. Cooper AM mail answered within 24 hours
rF
deals with basic amplifier theory. The next Presented in this book is a comprehen- Phone Daily 9 AM to 9 PM
five chapters are devoted to the theory and sive, logically organized treatment of the
Saturday 9 AM to 4 PM
simplified design for a -f, r-f, dc, and opera- major! solid-state devices used in elec- Phone (301) 488-9600
tional amplifiers, while the final chapter tronic.
details amplifier testing and trouble- The text starts off with an introduction to CIRCLE NO. 19 ON READER SERVICE CARD
FEBRUARY 1975 89
[Link]
'LOOK semiconductor electronics then proceeds
to the junction diode, bipolar transistors,
FET's, IC's, etc. Separate chapters are de-
earliest talks, given in the 1850's, deal with.
telegraphy, telephony, and the Atlantic'
cable. At the turn of the century, attention

ITIn the
voted to multistage amplifiers, power amp- turned to "Signalling Through Space

UP lifiers, rectifiers and filters, power, supply

regulators, and oscillators. The behavior
of solid-state devices in practical circuit
applications is covered by using both
graphical and mathematical methods of
Without Wires," a talk by William Preece,
and "Wireless Telegraphy" by Guglielmo
Marconi. From 1900 to the end of the series
in 1932, the expansion of electronic com-
munications is heralded in talks by Mar-
circuit analysis. Frequent reference is coni on improvements and new techni-
made to actual device ratings and charac- ques, such as microwaves, and by
teristics.

Popular Published by Reston Publishing Co., Inc.,

P.O. Box 547, Reston, VA 22090. Hard
cover. 453 pages. $14.00.
Fleming's expositions on the thermionic
valve. Anyone interested in the history of
electronic communications should find
these lectures entertaining and educa-
tional.

Electronics ELECTRONIC MUSIC PRODUCTION

by Alan Douglas
Published by Halsted Press, 605 Third Av-
enue, New York, NY 10016. 391 pages.
$32.50 hardbound.
In providing a practical guide to the pro-

INDEX
1974 Edition Now Available
duction of electronic music, this book will
appeal to anyone involved in technical re-
search in EM or in the practical ex-
perimentation with musical forms. The
book deals first with the properties of con-
ESSENTIAL FORMULAE FOR ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERS
by Noel Morris
The continued growth of electrical and
ventional instruments, then goes on to electronic engineering has increased the
A complete and detailed subject index to
POPULAR ELECTRONICS Magazine con- demonstrate how their limitations can be demands on students' and graduate en-
taining hundreds of references to equip- overcome by electronic means. Three gineers' memories to the point where it is
ment, theory, components, and those principle methods of synthesizing music practically impossible to memorize all the
special circuits that you remember seeing electronically are described. This is both a formulas they need. This 81/4" x 11/2"
but can't find. user's guide and a builder's manual. Well page -size book contains the essential for-
illustrated, it contains tables, waveform mulas in electronics, control systems,
An essential companion to your drawings, photos of equipment, and measurements, logic, telecommunica-
POPULAR ELECTRONICS Magazine col- schematic diagrams (most with compo- tions, mathematics, and fields. Also in-
lection, and a must for the audiophile, nent values indicated) for the basic elec- cluded are color codes, a list of dimen-
ham, gadgeteer, and service technician. tronic circuits used in EM generation and sions, and a summary of mechanics.
processig. Published by Halsted Press, 605 Third Av-
The index covers one full year (12 issues) Published by Tab Books, Blue Ridge Sum- enue, New York, NY 10016. 26 pages. Soft
and was prepared in cooperation with the
mit PA 17214. 148 pages. $7.95 hard cover; cover, $2.95.
editors of POPULAR ELECTRONICS. $3.95 soft cover.

ORDER NOW!
ONLY $1.50 per copy, postpaid
BASIC ELECTRICITY FOR ELECTRONICS COMING UP IN
by Richard Bfitzer
1972 and 1973 INDEXES THE MARCH
still available at $1.50 per copy also Although designed as a text for technical
training, this work will Introduce the more
casual reader to basic electrical principles.
SPECIAL DISCOUNT OFFER
All three INDEXES(1972,1973 & 1974)
Algebra and right -triangle trigonometry
are used in the presentation. Among the
Popular Electronics
ONLY $4.00 chapter topics are Basic Theory of Electric-
ity, Electrical Units, Series and Parallel Re-
POPULAR ELECTRONICS INDEX
sistor Circuits, Networks, Magnetism and
How To Choose
Box 2228, Falls Church, Va. 22042
Electromagnetism, and Capacitors and
Resistors in DC and AC Circuits. Also in-
Electronic Organs
Enclosed please find $
for the following INDEXES, postpaid. cluded are Introductions to Vacuum Tubes
Build A Lady's Led
---
and Semiconductors. Appendices contain
_Sets (1972, 1973 & 1974 INDEXES) trigonometric functions, logarithms and
$4.00 per set exponents, color codes, and a capsulized Time/Date Wristwatch
Copies 1974 INDEX, $1.50 ea. mathematics for electronics.
Copies 1973 INDEX, $1.50 ea. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605
Third Avenue, New York, NY 10016. Hard
Two Night -Light Projects
Copies 1972 INDEX, $1.50 ea.
Print name
cover, 727 pages, $14.95.
For Cyclists
WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY
Address
edited by Sir Eric Eastwood TEST REPORTS:
City The Royal Institution in London sponsored Philips RH-532 Motional
a series of lectures for many years on sub- Feedback Speaker System
State Zip jects related to the physical sciences. In Pioneer PL -71 Single -Play Turntable
Please enclose payment with order. this volume, many of the discourses that Regency ACT-C4H Scanning Monitor
Make checks payable to INDEX. stand as landmarks in the development of Heathkit TO-1260 Electronic Organ
tele -communications are reproduced_ The
90 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
[Link]
 ELECTRONICS MARKET PLACE
-
NON -DISPLAY CLASSIFIED: COMMERCIAL RATE: For firms or individuals offering commercial products or services, $1.80 per word (including name and
address). Minimum order $27.00. Payment must accompany copy except when ads are placedlby accredited advertising agencies. Frequency discount; 5% for 6
months; 10% for 12 months paid in advance. READER RATE: For individuals with a personal item to buy or sell, $1.10 per word (including name and address.)
No minimum! Payment must accompany copy. DISPLAY CLASSIFIED: 1" by 1 column (2-1/4" wide), $215.00. 2" by I column, $430.00. 3" by 1 column, $645.00.
Advertiser to supply cuts. For frequency rates, please inquire.
GENERAL INFORMATION: First word in all ads set in bold caps at no extra charge. All copy subject to publisher's approval. All advertisers using Post Office
Boxes in their addresses MUST supply publisher with permanent address and telephone number before ad can be run. Advertisements will not be published
which advertise or promote the use of devices for the surreptitious interception of communications. Closing Date: 1st of the 2nd month preceding cover date
(for example, March issue closes January 1st. Send order and remittance to POPULAR ELECTRONICS, One Park Avenue, New York, New York 10016,
Attention: Hal Cymes.
TELEPHONE "BUGGED"? Countermeasures Brochure CONSTRUCTION PLANS: Laser... $2.00. Rocket Tracking
FOR SALE $1.00, Negeye, Drawer 547, Pennsboro, W. VA 26415. Transmitter...$2.00. Space Monitor -Missile
FREE! Bargain Catalog-I.C.'s, LED's, readouts, fiber HEAR POLICE/FIRE Dispatchers! Catalog shows exclusive Tracker ...$2.00. Free Catalog. Electro -Research, P.O. Box
optics, calculators parts & kits, semiconductors, parts. directories of "confidential" channels, receivers. Send 10 20285, Farndale, Michigan 48220.
Poly Paks, Box 942PE, Lynnfield, Mass. 01940. CD IGNITIONS, VHF/UHF monitors, crystals, CB radios,
cent stamp. Communications, Box 56 -PE, Commack, N.Y.
GOVERNMENT Surplus Receivers. Transmitters, 11725. Southland, Box 3591-B, Baytown, Texas 77520.
Snooperscopes, Radios, Parts, Picture Catalog 25 cents.
Meshna, Nahant, Mass. 01908.
LOWEST Prices Electronic Parts. Confidential Catalog INTERNATIONAL ELECTRONICS UNLIMITED
Free. KNAPP, 3174 8th Ave. S.W., Largo, Fla. 33540.
ELECTRONIC PARTS, semiconductors, kits. FREE FLYER.
Large catalog $1.00 deposit. BIGELOW ELECTRONICS,
Bluffton, Ohio 45817. I
MICROPROCESSORS
EU is making available for the first time anywhere an extremely versatile 16 bit microprocessor kit. The basic kit includes all necessary
RADIO-T.V. Tubes -36 cents each. Send for free catalog. components to build a 16 bit microprocessor. Optional memory boards are available avowing possible expansion of the basic system to
microcomputer or minicomputer proportions.
Cornell, 4213 University, San Diego, Calif. 92105.
Basic Kit Includes: PRICE (basic kill $349.50 Available Options
AMATEUR SCIENTISTS, Electronics Experimenters, A printed circuir boards (compatible with 22 pin edge con Dower [Link] Component pkg.
lepys
1

Science Fair Students...Construction plans -Complete, supplied) 2 y board =1 m lo 1101 retrial A

e microprocessor chip set 3 enen1Ofmemory board =2 (employs 1101 rams and 5203 erasible

sources...Robot Man
Emotion/Lie
- -
including drawings, schematics, parts list with prices and
Psychedelic shows
Detector
Lasers
Touch Tone Dial
- -- C gat

E
Interlace elements, clock drivers, et:.
O transistors. diodes capacitors
75 page data package which includes an introduction to
PROMS

available separately
Basic Data Package

Quadraphonic Adapter
Burglar Alarm - - Transistorized Ignition
Sound Meter...over 60 items. Send
25
- microprocessors. all necessary data sheets and extensive data
on the workings and applications or microproe¢sor chips. refundable .v,ih purchase of basic kit 55.00

cents coin (no stamps) for complete catalog. Technical

Writers Group, Box 5994, University Station, Raleigh, N.C.
27607.
7400
TTL
7485
301
LINEAR CIRCUITS
Hi pert. op amp mDIP S .32
FEBRUARY
.19 S1.39
METERS -Surplus, new, used, panel or portable. Send for
list. Hanchett, Box 5577, Riverside, CA 92507.
7401
7402
S
.19
.19
7486
7489
.44
2.75
307
308
Op amp
Micro-pwr op amp
mDIP
mDIP
.35
1.10 SPECIALS
309K 5V mg 14 TO -3 1.65
7403 .19 7490 .76
WE SELL CONSTRUCTION PLANS. TELEPHONE: 310 V folly. Op Amp mDIP 1.19 930 Dual 4 input gate w/exp S .10
7404 .22 7491 1.29
311 Hi pert. V comp mDIP 1.05 936 Hex inverter .10
Answering Machine, Speakerphone, Carphone, 7405 .22 7492 .79
319 Hi speed dual comp DIP 1.29 937 Hex inverter .10
Phonevislon, Auto Dialer, Touch Button Dialer, Central 7406 .39 7493 .79
320 Neg. regulator 311 Hi pert volt comp mDIP .89
7407 .39 7494 .89 Prec timer. Operates on Z.
Dial System. TELEVISION: $35.00 Color Converter, Video (5V,5.2V,12V,15V) TO3 1.35 322
7408 .25 7495 .89
324 unreg supply 4.5.40v 1.59
Tape Recorder. $25.00 Camera. HOBBYIST: Electron Quad op amp DIP 1.95
7409 .25 7496 .89 709 Op amp .21
339 Quad comp DIP 1.69
Microscope, 96 Hour Tape Music System, Ultrasonic Dish- 7410 .19 74105 .49 n
739 Dual hi pert op amp .99
7411 .29 74107 .49 340T Pos V reg 15V, 6V, 8V,
washer, Radar -Oven, Plans $4.95 each. NEW ITEM: $75. 12V, 15V, 18V, 24V1 TO -220 1.95 40411 Audio pwr amp 3.40
7413 .79 74121 .57
Electronic Pocket Calculator, $7.50. COURSES: Telephone 372 AGIF strip det DIP .79 40594 Audio driver 1.33
7415 .39 74122 .53
376 Pos V mg mDIP .59 40595 Audio driver 1.49
Engineering $39.50. Detective Electronics 522.50, 7416 .39 74123 .99
377 2 w stereo amp DIP 2.69 2N2219A Audio -UHF amp/sw .89
Integrated Circuit Engineering, $49.50. NEW SUPER 7417 .39 74125 .69 12 dig calculator chip 3.39
380 2w audio amp DIP 1.49 5001
7420 .19 74126 .79 5312 4 dig clock chip 5.25
HOBBY CATALOG plus year's subscription to Electronic 7422 .29
380-8 .6w audio amp mDIP .89
74141 1.23 7404 Hex inverter .18
News Letter AIRMAILED $1.00. Don Britton Enterprises, 7423 .35 381 Le noise dual preamp DIP 1.79
74145 1.15 7410 Triple 3 -input NAND gate .16
7425 550 Prec. V reg DIP .79
6200 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, Calif. 90048. .39 74150 1.09 7420 Dual 4 -input NAND gate .16
7426 .29 74151 555 Tinter mDIP .99
.89 7437 Quad 2input NAND buffer .29
7427 560 Phase locked loop DIP 2.75
.35 74153 1.29 7440 Dual 4 -input buffer .17
562 Phase locked loop DIP 2.65
`LOOKING FOR A NEW CHALLENGE? 7430 .22 74154 1.59
565 Phase locked loop 7445 BCD-dec dcdr-drvr .90
7432 .29 74155 1.19 DIP 2.65
. .. then bulk! a TV cameral 7437 .45 74156 1.29 566 Function gen mDIP 2.75 7489 64 Bit RAM 2.35
709 Op amp DIP .29 7490 Decade counter .69
7438 .39 74157 1.29 74154 4-6 line dcdr demux 1.19
ONLY SOLIDSTATE,CAMERA AVAILABLE IN KIT FORM 710 Hi speed V comp DIP .39
7440 .19 74161 1.39 74181 Aritmetic logic unit 2.95
OR FACTORY ASSEMBLED. COMPLETE KIT WITH VI01.
7441 1.09 74163 1.59 723 Volt reg. DIP .69
I CON TUBE ONLY 516600. POSTPAID DELIVERY ANY. 739 Dual hi pert amp DIP 1.19
74L00 Quad 2 input gate Il.p.l .27
WHERE IN U.S.A., CANADA end MEXICO. OPTIONAL
7442 .99 74164 1.89 74L74 Dual D flip flop ll.p.) .49
7443 .99 74165 1.89 741 Comp. op amp mDIP .35
AUDIO SUBCARRIER $18.95. WRITE or PRONE NOW
747 Dca1741 DIP .79 MANI Red 7 sag LED 2.19
FOR COMPLETE CATALOG OF KITS, PARTS and PLANS. 7444 1.10 74166 1.65 MCT2 Opto iso trans .59
7445 1.10 74173 1.65 748 Freq adi 741 mDIP .39
041402-947-3771. ALL DUAL -IN -LINE
7446 1.15 74175 1304 FM mux st demod DIP 1.19
1.89
13ó1 ATV Research D*EOTA CITY NEBR. 41173í 7447 1.15 74176 1307 F14 mux st demod DIP .82
NROADWAY 1.65
7448 1.15 74177 .99 1458 Dual Comp op amp mDIP .69 MEMORIES
7450 .24 74180 1.09 3900 Quad amp. DIP .65 , 1101 256 bit RAM MOS $1.75
Greatest Values
Philadelphia, Pa. 19120.
-
MECHANICAL. ELECTRONIC devices catalog 10 cents.
Lowest Prices. Fertik's, 5249 "D",
7453
7454
7460
.27
.39
.19
74181
74182
74190
3.65
.69
1.59
3905 Prec. timer
7524 Core mem sense amp
7525 Core mem sense amp
DIP
DIP
DIP
.65
1.89
.95
1103 1024 bit RAM MOS
5203 2048 bit eras. PROM
5260 1024 bit RAM low power
4.95
24.95
3.95
7464 .39
7535 Core mem sense amp DIP 1.25 7489 64 bit RAM TTL 2.75
74192 1.49
SOUND SYNTHESIZER KITS -Surf $12.95, Wind $12.95, 7465 75451 Dual prl. driver mDIP .39 8223 Programmable ROM 4.95
.39 74193 1.39
7472 75452 Dual prl. driver mDIP .39 74200 256 bit Ram-tH-state 7.95
Wind Chimes $17.95, Electronic Songbird $6.95, Musical .36 74194 1.39
7473 75453 Dual prl. driver mDIP .39
Accessories, many more. Catalog free. PAIA Electronics, .43 74195 .99 75491 Quad seq driver DIP .79
7474 .43 74196 1.85
Box J14359, Oklahoma City, OK 73114. 75492 Hoc dig. driver DIP .89 LED'S AND OPTO ISOLATORS
7475 .75 74197 1.15 Dote shoots suppliod on ,equarr
7476 .47 74198 2.19 Add S. 50 for item less than 51.00
DISCOUNT PRICES 7483
Data
1.11
some.. on
74199 2.19 MV 10B
MV50
Red TO 18
Axial leads
$ .25 ea.
.20
B & K, SENCORE, LEADER and RCA 8.50 for dorm,,.. dun 51.00 CALCUI-ATOR & CLOCK CHIPS iv/data MV5020 Jumbo visible red .33
5001 12 DIG 4 funct fix dec 3.95 ME4 Infra red diff. dome .60
Test Equipment 5002 Same as 5001 exc btry pwr 7.95 MANI Red 7 seg..270" 2.50
RAYTHEON, ICC/MULLA RD Tubes CMOS 5005 12 DIG 4 funct w/mem 0.45 MAN2 Red alpha num .32" 4.95
TELEMATIC Test Jigs MM5725 8 DIG 4 funct chain & dec 2.79 MANSA Red 7 seg..127" .79
74C00 S.39 74C154 3.50 MAN3M Red 7 seg..127" claw 1.15
74C157 2.19 MM5736 18 pin 6 DIG 4 funct 4.95
Free Catalog 74CO2 .55
74C160 3.25 MM5738 8 DIG 5 funct K & Mem 7.95 MAN4 Red 7 seg..190" 2.15
74C04 .75 MAN5 Green 7 seg..270" 2.95
74C161 3.25 1 MM5739 3 DIG 4 hunt lbtry sur) 6.95
74C08 .75
FORDHAM RADIO SUPPLY CO., INC. 74C10 .65 74C163 3.25 MM 5311 28 pin BCD 6 dig mux 6.95 MAN7
MAN8
Red 7 seg..270"
Yellow 7 seg..270"
1.35
MM 5312 24 pin 1 pps BCD 4 dig mux 3.95
558 Morris Ave. Bronx, N.Y. 10451 74C20 .65 74C 164 3.50
MM 5313 28 pin 1 pps BCD 6 dig mux
6.95
MANES 60" high dirt view 4.65
74C42 2.15 74C 173 2.90 7.95
'1 MM 5314 24 pin 6 dig mux 0.95 DL707 Red 7 seg..3" 2.15
74C73 1.55 74C195 3.00 MCT2 Opts-iso transistor .69
FREE CATALOG. Parts, circuit boards for POPULAR 80C95 1.50 MM 5316 40 pin alarm 6 dig 8.95
74C74 1.15
ELECTRONICS projects. PAIA Electronics, Box C14359, 74C76 1.70 80C97 1.50
Oklahoma City, OK 73114.
4000 SERIES RCA-EQUIV.
ON ORDERS OVER S25.00 DEDUCT 10%
YOU WILL SAVE BIG MONEY( Surplus, Clearouts.
CD4001 S .55 CD4017 2.95 All items are new, urused surplus parts - tested functional.
Bankruptcy, Inventory, Deals. Catalog $1 (redeemable). Satisfaction is guaranteed. Shipment will be made via first class
CD4009 .85 CD4019 1.35
ETCOA Electronics, Box 741, Montreal, H3C 2V2. U.S. mad - postage paid - in U.S., Canada and Mexico within three
CD4010 .85 CD4022 2.75
Inquiries. CD4011 .55 CD4023 .55 days from receipt of order. Minimum order - 55.00. California
CD4012 .55 C134025
residents add sales tax.
.55
BURGLAR -FIRE alarm supplies and information. Free CD4013 1.20 CD4027 1.35 INTERNATIONAL ELECTRONICS UNLIMITED
14081659-4773
catalog. Protecto Alarm Sales, Box 357-G, Birch Run, CD4016 1.25 CD4035 2.85 P.O. BOX 1708 MONTEREY. CALIF. 93940 USA
Michigan 48415.
CIRCLE NO.. 18 ON READER SERVICE CARD
FEBRUARY 1975 91

[Link]
 DATA SHEETS

FREE REDUCE YOUR PROJECT COSTS

WITH EVERY ITEM
739/749 IC WITH
EVERY $10 ORDER'
FREE CATALOG. Kits, Components, audio equipment.
Electronic Supply Pacs, Box 175, Floral Park N.Y. 11001.

SUBSCRIB-E NOW,:. M1
QUARTZ CRYSTALS CB -Amateur. $1.10 ea., catalog 10
cents. Quaker, Hunlock Creek, PA 18621.
DIGITAL Transistor Tester, LED Display, plans $2.50.
Photoelectronics, Box 343, Geyserville, CA 95441.
MONEY -BACK GUARANTEE PICTURE TUBE rebuilding equipment. Complete. J. Brand,
24-HOUR SHIPMENT IN LEARN THE SECRETS OF YOUR TELEPHONE rnl 2416 W. N. Front, Grand Island, Nebraska 68801.
ALL TESTED AND GUARANTEED
TRANSISTORS (NPN):
;.....,.
.QIli FREE TELEPHONE PRICE LIST. Flemco, 20272 37th Ave.,
N.E., Seattle, Wash. 98155.
2N3563 TYPE RE Amp 8 Osc to I GHz (p1.2N918)
2N3565 TYPE Gen. Purpose High Goln (10-92/106)
6/$1.00
6/51.00
az.r re
AUTHENTIC, INSTRUMENTED, FLYING ROCKETS for
2N3567 TYPE High -Current Amplifier/5w 500 mA 4/51.00
tY ,
casual or serious experimenters. Over 80 scale original,
2N3866 TYPE RF Pwr Amp 1-2 W @ 100-600 MHz
2N3903 TYPE GP Amp 8 So to 100 mA and 30 MHz
51.50
6/11.00 'i,. i4fiL:# multi -stage or ready -to -fly models. Solid -propellant
2N3904 TYPE GP Amp 8 Sw to 100 mA (TO -92/106) 5/11.00
FACTS NEVER PUBLISHED FOR THE PUBLIC 7 engines for safe, electric launch system liftoffs up to 2,500
2N3919 TYPE RF Pwr Amp 3-5 W @ 3-30 MHz $3.00 feet. Measure altitude,' temp. inversions, more, Real
2N4274 TYPE Ultro-High Speed Switch 12 ns 4/51.00 A UNIQUE REFERENCE GUIDE
' 1 telemetry, electronic tracking, aerial still and movie photo-
MPS6515 TYPE High-Gain Amplifier 250 h, 3/$1.00 TO THE INSIDE STORY graphy with super -miniaturized equipment. New, detailed
Assort. NPN GP TYPES, 2N3565, 2N364I, etc. (151 $2.00
FROM THE HOBBIEST TO THE TECHNICIAN
2N4249 TYPE (PNP) Low -Noise Amp µA to 50 mA I 4/11.00 J Current News Items Plans Illustrations 1
tech manual and full -color catalog. 25 cents from ESTES
EFT',
Iyy'hhhy!!;;
INDUSTRIES Dept. 18F, Penrose, Colo. 81240.
Stories History Comics Facts Games
N-CHANNEL (LOW -NOISE):
Code Numbers Projects And Many More FOR A New Electronic Experience, learn to control your
2N4091 TYPE RF Amp 8 Switch (T0-IB/106) 3/51.00
- brainwaves. Aquarius Electronics, Box 96ZE, Albion, Calif.
2N4416 TYPE RF Amplifier to 450 MHz (T0-72) 2/51.00 One year Subscription only S 3.00
2N5486 TYPE RF Amp to 450 MHz (Plastic 2N4416)
E100 TYPE Low-Cost Audio Amplifier
ITE4868 TYPE Ultro-Low Noise Audio Amp.
3/11.00
4/$1.00
2/51.00
11
,15`74111 TIC SE LOS ANGELES, CA loaf
95410.
LIQUID CRYSTAL display price breakthrough! 3-1/2 digit,
TIS74 TYPE High -Speed Switch 4015 3/51.00 designed for digital wristwatches, miniature test instru-
Assort. RF 8 GP FET's, 2N5163, 2N5486. etc. (8) $2.00 ments, etc. 30uw at 15v. mounts directly on PC board, with
P-CHANNEL ALPHA/THETA BRAINWAVE biofeedback instruments. diagrams. $8.95 postpaid. Bargain catalog 50 cents. Dia-
2N4360 TYPE Gen. Purpose Amp & So (TO -106) 3/11.00 Analog instruments from $125; digital processing systems mondback Engineering, P.O. Box 194, Spring Valley,
E175 TYPE High-speed Switch 12517 (TO -106) 3/$1.00 from $225. BioScan, Box 14168-E, Houston, Texas 77021. Illinois 61362.
FEBRUARY SPECIALS: SURPRISE! Build inexpensively, the most Unusual Test
N3644 TYPE PNP TRANSISTOR GP Amp 8 Switch 4/$1.00 ALPHA Biofeedback Instruments. DIGITAL: Heart Monitor,
MPF102 TYPE N -CHANNEL FET RF Amp 3/$1.00 Instruments, Futuristic Gadgets using Numerical Thermometer, VOM, Frequency Counter, Logic Probe with
741 Freq. Compensated Op Amp Readouts! Catalogue Free! GBS, Box 100A, Green Bank, readout, etc. Free Catalog. COSMIC ELECTRONICS, BOX
(DIP/T0-5/MINI-DIP) 3/$1.00 West Virginia 24944.
IN914 or N4 148 TYPE GP DIODE 100 V/10 mA 15/$1.00
I
282, Lawrence, NY 11559.
ELECTRONIC IGNITION: Capacitor, transistor, pointless.
Hrs, Mins, Secs -
MM5316 Digital Alarm Clock-Snooze/Alarm/Timer
with Specs/Schematics 511.95
MM5736 6 -Digit 4 -Function Calculator 18 PIN DIP $ 3.95
Auburn sparkplugs. Information 10 cents.. Anderson
Engineering, Epsom, N.H. 03234.
LIFE -GUARD: The finest HEAT -SMOKE -GAS Alarm avail-
able, 100& solid state. COSMIC ELECTRONICS, Box 282,
Lawrence, NY 11559.
INEAR IC's:
308 Micro -Power Op Amp (T0-5/MINI-DIP) $1.00 WHOLESALE Scanners, CB, Crystals, Directories, 100 PRECISION RESISTORS, assorted values all 1%. Send
309K Voltage Regulator 5 V @ I A (TO -3) $1.50 SSB/AM, Catalog 25 cents. G -Enterprises, Box 461P, 1.00 + 25 cents postage to P.O. Box 3081, Granada Hills,
324 Good 741 Op Amp, Compensated (DIP) $1.90 Clearfield, Utah 84105.
380 2-5 Won Audio Amplifier 34 dB (DIP) 51.29 Calif. 91344.
5550 Timer µs- hr; DIf. pinout from 555 (DIP)
I I $ .85 CALCULATOR OWNERS: Use Your +-x= calculator to ANTIQUE RADIO SCHEMATICS. SASE Please. Sterling,
709 Popular Op Amp (DIP/T0-5) S .29 compute square roots, trigonometric functions, logarithms, Box 202, 06878.
723 Voltage Regulator 3-30 V @ 1-250mA (DIP/T0-5) $ .58 and more! Quickly, Accurately, Easily) Send today for the
739 Dual Low -Noise Audio Preamp/Op Amp (DIP) $1.00
First and Best Calculator Manual ... now in use through- SUSPECT ELECTRONIC SPYING???...By Officials, De-
1458 Duol 741 Op Amp (MINI -DIP) $ .65
out the world ... still only $2.00 Postpaid with Uncon- tectives, Business Competitors, etc.??...Protect Your Pri-
2556 Duol 555 Timer µsec to hour (DIP)
I $1.55
vacy. Details $1.00. CAL-TRONIX, Box 1502, Santa Rosa,
1

DIODES: ditional Money -Back Guarantee! Mallmann Optics and

Electronics, Dept. 24A, 836 South 113, West Allis, Calif. 95403.
1N3600 TYPE Hi -Speed Sw 75 V/200 mA 6/$1.00
1N3893 TYPE RECTIFIER Stud Mount 400 V/I 2 A 2/$1.00 Wisconsin 53214. ELECTRONIC ORGAN KITS, KEYBOARDS for organs and
IN4608 TYPE GP 8 Sw 80 V/400 mA 6/$1.00
FREE 1975 Electronics Catalog. McCord Electronics, Box synthesizers. Independent and divider organ tone genera-
1N749 ZENER 4. 3 Volt (210%) 400 mW 4/51.00
1N753 ZENER 6.2 Volt (010%) 400 mW 4/11.00 276-N, Sylvania, Ohio 43560.
tors, diode keying. 35 cents for catalog. DEVTRONIX
IN755 ZENER 7.5 Volt (210%) 400 mW 4/11.00 ORGAN PRODUCTS, Dept. C, 5872 Amapola Dr., San
AUTORANGING DMM, deluxe VOM's, logic probes and Jose, CA 95129.
IN757 ZENER 9. I Volt (± 10%) 400 mW
-
4/$ 1.00
IN758 ZENER 10 Volt (210%) 400 mW 4/51.00 more. Lowest prices. Free catalog. Electro Industries, 4201
1N965 ZENER 15 Volt (110%) 400 mW 4/SI.00 "BASIC TELEPHONE WIRING" Unique report gives
Irving Park, Chicago, Illinois 60641.
1N968 ZENER 20 Volt (010%) 400 mW 4/51.00 complete details. $3.50 postpaid. Queens Village
D5 VARACTOR 5-50 W Output @ 30-250 MHz, PYROTECHNICAL chemicals, casings, tools, supplies, Telephone Supply, Box 29002-G, Queens Village, NY
7-70 pF $5.00 fuse. Price List 50 cents. Westech, Logan, Utah 84321. 11429.
F7 VARACTORI-3 W Output @ 100-500 MHz.
5-30 pF $1.00 BURGLAR -FIRE ALARM components, hardware. Free I.Q. TEST Questions and Answers. Send $2.00 to Ruden
'MAIL NOW! FREE DATA SHEETS supplied with every item from this Catalog -Information. Silmar, 133 S. W. 57 Ave., Miami, Enterprises, Box 944, Frazer, PA 19355.
od. FREE 739 or 749 Low -Noise Duol Op Amp included ($1.00 value) Florida 33144.
with every order of 510 or more, postmarked prior to 3/31/75. DIGITAL ELECTRONICS! Highly effective course brings
ORDER TODAY -All
items subject to prior sole and prices subject to CARBON FILM RESISTORS. Brand new as low as 2-1/4 immediate results, $10.00. Satisfaction or $11.00 refunded!
change without notice. cents. FREE samples and specifications. COMPONENTS Plans, Projects, Free Literature. DYNASIGN, Box 60A7,
WRITE FOR FREE CATALOG offering hundreds of semiconductorsnot
listed here. Send 10¢ stomp.
CENTER-PE, Box 134, New York, NY 10038. Wayland, Mass. 01778.
TERMS, All orders must be prepaid. We pay postage. 5'1.00 hondling 7,000 SEMICONDUCTORS, 100's Electronic Circuit Kits,
charge on orders under $ 10. Cold. residents add 6% sales too. COMPLETE CONSTRUCTION PLANS -TELEPHONE:
Technical Reports, Energy Conservation, Computers. Cat.
Answering Device, Automatic Dialer, "Black Boxes", Call
50 cents. E/S Lab, Box 738, College Park, MD 20740.
Diverter, Call Limiter, Conference Bridge, Central Dial

ADVA
BOX 4181 V, WOODSIDE, CA 94062
ELECTRONICS
LEARN DESIGN TECHNIQUES. Electronics Monthly
Newsletter. Digital, linear construction projects, design
theory and procedures. Sample copy $1.00. Valley West,
Box 2119-B, Sunnyvale, California 94087.
Exchange, Melodic Ringing, Recorder-Actuator, Remote
Control, Schematics, Speakerphone, Telelink Burglar
Alarm, Voice Scrambler, $3.00 each. ELECTRONIC:
Biofeedback Conditioner, Horticulture Stimulator,
Tel. (415) 851-0455 TELEPHONES UNLIMITED, equipment, supplies. Catalog Multifrequency Encoder Network (Speeds telephone
CIRCLE NO. 1 ON READER SERVICE CARD 50 cents. Box 1654E, Costa Mesa, Calif. 92626. calling 100% !). $5.00 each. ONE YEAR SUBSCRIPTION:
Telephone -Electronics Newsline $3.00. Super illustrated 16
CONVERT any television to sensitive, big -screen oscIllo-
scope. Only minor changes required. No electronic
-
WE SELL MONEY MAKING CONSTRUCTION MANUALS!!!

- -
Reclaim GOLD, SILVER for EXCELLENT full or part time page catalog of plans, many more, 50 cents. All of the
construction plans above, $19.95. TELETRONICS

- -
money!!! PLUS, we buy scrap gold & silver ALSO, we
experience necessary. Illustrated plans. $2.00. Sanders, COMPANY OF AMERICA, P.O. Box 3486, Hollywood,
Dept. A33, Box 92102, Houston, Texas 77010. cents -
sell 99,999% pure SILVER BARS!!!
Airmailed 50 cents
Color Catalog 25
Creative Products, Dept.
PE-275, 4913 Northridge NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico
California 90028. USA.

BUGGED??? New locator finds them fast. Write, Clifton,

87111. DESCRAMBLERS
11500-L N.W..7th Avenue, Miami, Florida 33168.
DIGITAL IC Manual -Latest Edition -1500 types by
-1/ Several models to choose
types/diagram number $3.95. 32-function digital from... operates with
computer kit-IC, transistors, instructions, $14.00. IC - all scanner and monitor
HAS... applications manual -numerous circuits-Analog/Digital, receivers.
$3.95. Electronetics, P. O. Box 127, Hopedale, Mass. 01747.
.4r' WRITE or CALL for Catalog
® modular COMPUTER countless uses. 8 bit word, powerful instruc- - á Phone (5011 273-5340
tion set. Complete $225. Brochure 10 cents. RAECO, Box
SYNTHESIZER KRYSTAL KITS, Box 445, BENTONVILLE, ARK. 72712
14, Reedville, Mass. 02137.
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS-all kinds, send for free
KITS catalog. Epic, Box 20152A, Minneapolis, Minn. 55420. POLICE, FIRE Monitors, scanners, crystals. Discount
Priced. Some CB. Box 19224, Denver, Colorado 80219.
.a'C.,c:,+r QUALITY military and industrial surplus electronics. Send
`-s
l+i+ demo
25 cents for last 3 of our monthly picture flyers. US only.
Startronics, Box 17127, Portland, OR 97217.
THE BEST Electronics Systems in the country at wholesale
prices. Duke Engineering, 51 Granger Street, Dor, Mass.
02122.
record SUN COMPUTER SCHEMATICS. 256 bits, expandable to
BUILD DIGITAL KITS, I.C. Tester $29.95, 20 MHZ Counter
several K. Many other schematics available. SP
free catalog Electronics, Box 5E, Prospect Heights, Illinois 60070. $119.95, 200 MHZ prescaler $24.95, Miniature FM Trans-
ELECTRONICS parts, low prices, free flyer: DARTEK
mitter $2.00. Free Flyer, Kits and Parts. DAVIS
PAIA ELECTRONICS, INC. '
ELECTRONICS, 6 W. Oakwood, Buffalo, N.Y. 14214.
ELECTRONICS, Box 2460, Dartmouth, Nove Scotia
OX. P14369, OKLAMOMACrTV,OK 73114. Canada. U.S. Inquiries.
FREE BARGAIN CATALOG. Transistors, LED's, Readouts, WANTED
CRYSTALS, Scanners, $3.88, include make and frequency. Micro -Miniature Parts, Unusual Electronic Components. QUICKSILVER, Platinum, Silver, Gold, Ores Analyzed.
G Enterprises, P.O. Box 461PC, Clearfield, UT 84105. Chaney's, Box 15431, Lakewood, Colorado 80215. Free Circular. Mercury Terminal, Norwood, Mass. 02062.

92 POPULAR ELECTRONICS

[Link]
 Altaj Electronic Bargains
PRICES SLASHED! WE WANT YOUR BUSINESS. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED ON EVERY ITEM
CALCULATOR BASIC KIT WITH TI CHIP #8R13251 Neon 7 segment readout.
Includes case with matching all function ,; Latest design for calculators, etc. Re-
keyboard, and 9 digits of LED readouts quires 160 VDC. Right hand decimals.
Brand new, factory fresh. We include
plus a Texas Instruments TMS 103 NC
calculator chip. (Same style chip as in TI
1%7,\ y
yQ HÑCaH A
mating socket FREE. Special
NOTE: With purchase of above readout
-
$5.95 LM309K
TO-3 Case, AMP 5 VDC
Datamath calculator). All the basics for 1

building your own hand held calculator. BURROUGHS PANAPLEX II array we offer motorola 2N5401 PNP High Voltage Regulator. Brand New
Special -
$11.95 Kit Quantity Limited. 12 DIGIT READOUT Voltage driver transistor for 10$ each. By National 951

3 DIGIT LED READOU ARRAY OPCOA SLA-1 LED READOUT MAN -3 LED READOUTS
Like Litronix DL -33. 3 MAN -3 style read- .33 In. character. Left decimal pt. Uses Brand new, factory prime units. .12 in.
outs in one package. Fact ry new units. 7447 driver. Easier to read than MAN -1. character. Common cathode. Perfect for
%Designed for calculators
$1.19 (3 Digits)
Special
. - Factory prime units. Best Price
$.95 ea.
in USA! calculators. 3 FOR $1 Best Price Any-
where!

CALCULATOR CHIP BONANZA DIGITAL ALARM CLOCK IC MINI CORE MEMORY SPECIAL SOLID STATE MEMORY ARRAY
PRICES SLASHED! The newest and easiest to use alarm chip Mfg. by DATARAM. Stores 180 words of Brand new, MFG. by Monolithic
The newest and easiest to use chips on the market today. Features: 18 bits each. With sense amps and Systems Corp. Consists of 16-1101
available today. Made by famous US mfg. 1. Single supply voltage. associated drive circuits. A complete (256 Bit Ram) and associated drive
All are 28 pin DIP. Features: direct LED 2. LED Intensity control memory system. Wé include 50 pages of circuits. Drive circuits include 24
segment drive, low power consumption, [Link] time set. data and schematics. Data only $2.50 assorted 7400 series devices and
internal keyboard debounce, internal 4. 4 or 6 Digit LED Display rand New. Special $24.95 various transistors, diodes, etc.
clock oscillator, single supply voltage, 5. AM -PM Indication Array is mounted on two stacked 6 x
internal keyboard encoding, and floating 6. 24 Hr. Alarm. 8 in. PC boards. Original cost $300
decimal point. Does not require many 7. 10 minute snooze. ea. With schematic. These are
8. Outperforms MM5316 recommended for experienced
external components as do older types
like CT5001, 5002, 5005, etc. We offer the
most sophisticated functions for the
Order #70250 - $6.95 (2 FOR $12)
t`k1\ WATCH CRYSTAL
DIGITAL WRIST hobbyists only. Limited quantity
$29.95 ea.
-
lowest price anywhere. Brand new, mfg. by CTS -KNIGHT. 32.768
-
8 Digit, Constant, Six Func- MM5314 NATIONAL CLOCK CHIP KHZ. Standard, most popular type. NI -CAD BATTERY SPECIAL

-+,V,-nC) - -
Chip #1 Two cell battery packs. 2.75 V. capac-
tion (-,
-, x, + %,-,r) $5.95,
The most popular clock chip around. We Special $2.50 ea.
ity Is 250 MA HRS. Two of these make a
Chip #2 8 Digit, Memory, Six Function made a huge special purchase of factory
fresh, prime units. Lowest price in USA. great power pack for TTL. Special 95c
- -, x, COLOR ORGAN CONTROL MODULE
(

Chip #3
,

- Digit,1/x)Memory,
-, x, +
8
% -
$7.95
Six Function
$6.95
24 Pin DIP. 4 or 6 Digits. With Specs.
$3.94 EACH [3 For $10]
Completely self-contained. Has SCR
kr.
( ,
circuitry, AC line cord, etc. From a
close out by a mfg. of color organs.
CT7001 BY CAL-TEX
New, unused.
MOS 4 DIGIT COUNTER IC
$3.95 ea. (3 FOR $9)
An ALTAJ exclusive. These are the Digital alarm clock chip with calender
latest, state of the art, MOS chips. By a feature. 4 or 6 digits. Also has timing
famous US mfg. Contains a complete 4 circuitry for radio ON -OFF control fac- GE POWER
digit counter, including 4 decade coun- tory fresh. TRANSISTOR ASSORTMENT
$8.95 Plastic power devices. Includes NPN and POWER
ters, latches, multiplexing circuits, dis- SUPPLY
play decoders, etc. Features: 5 VDC PNP, darlingtons, high voltage, high
operation, 25 MW power consumption, current, and various other types. Cases
both 7 segment and BCD outputs. JUMBO LED READOUT are color coded for easy sorting. Un-
REGULATED DC POWER SUPPLY
Perfect for making DVM's, frequency Twice the size of regular readouts. .65 tested but includes many useable units.
Brand new by wanlass. DC output 17 to
meters, tachometers, stopwatches, or inches. Like Litronlx DL747. Outperforms
any other device requiring 4 or more
digits. Complete with specs. 28 PIN
and easier to read than SLA-3, only 20
MA per segment. Our best readout for
SPECIAL - 20 FOR $1
30 V. Rated 60 WATTS out. Our tests
show these units will put out 12 VDC by
changing one resistor. #OEM 60-3. Origi-
digital clocks.
DIP. OTY Limited.
Special $12.50 - $2.95 ea (6 FOR $15) Common Anode CALCULATOR KEYBOARD
SWITCH KIT
nal cost $57.50. In original factory boxes,
with specs. Special $14.95
Kit of 16 brand new switches with tops. 7805 STYLE REGULATORS
FREE SPECIAL BONUS TO -220 Plastic Case 5VDC Regulator.
With purchase of any of our clock or calculator chips we will include a
Each switch has a smooth, quiet. key
travel. Internally the switches consist of Brand New by National -
89$
free 28 pin IC socket. A $1 value Free. a magnet and read switch for low
FACTORY NEW LED'S
MINIATURE SWITCH contact bounce. Kit has 0-9 CL, decimal Jumbo Red -Like MV5024-81$1
ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR SPECIAL Rocker style. Small size. SPDT. Perfect point, and four functions, perfect for Jumbo Green -Like MV5222-5/$1
220 MFD at 25 WVDC. AXIAL Leads by
GI. Brand New 8 FOR $1
fo use on digital clocks.
4 FOR S1
use with our caluclator chips.
COMPLETE SET -
$3.95 Jumbo Yellow -51$1
Mini Red -Like MV50-10I$1

PRIME TTL DIP IC's 8038 FUNCTION GENERATOR MOTOROLA POWER

IN746 --
400MW
ZENERS
3.3V --
--
Brand new by Intel. Voltage con-
7400-16c
7402-16c
7448-85c
7473-39c
74157-1.19
74161-1. 5 trolled oscillator. Has sine, MJ3029 T03 -
TRANSISTOR
Case NPN IN752 400MW
YOUR CHOICE
5.6V

square wave, and triangular out- Silicon High Voltage

7404-16c
7406-24c
7408-16c
7474-38c
7475-69c
7476-42c
74164-1.29
74165-1.50
74174-1.75
puts. $4.50 each. - VCEO
250V Used in horiz. and vert.
TV Circuits. Regular Price $4. Our
8 FOR $1

TTL IC ASSORTMENT
7410-16c 7483-88c 74175-$1.50
74181-$2.95 IN4148 DIODES Price 95c Various types. Most are marked. Our best
7413-49c 7490-75c
High speed switching diodes. selling assortment. Untested but in-
7420-16c
7430-16c
7492-85c
7493-85c
74192-$1.25
74193-$1.25 Brand new units, however, leads
are cut and bent for PC board
ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS
10MFD 25WVDC
- - cludes many useable devices.
200 PCS FOR $3.95
7437-39c
7438-39c
7440-16c
74121-38c
74123-75c
74150-70c
74195-95c
74197-$1.25 insertion, still plenty long. 30 For
Upright
50MFD 15WVDC
7c

- -
7442-69c
7445-69c
75151-75c
74153-95c
$1

POLAROID FILTERS
Upright
50MFD 15WVDC
10c

- - Our lower prices and superior quality

have made ALTAJ one of the fastest
7447-85c 74154-95c
The real thing by Polaroid Corp.
Pale green in color. 2.3 x 12
Axial 10c
100MFD 15WVDC
Upright 14c - - growing electronic suppliers In the USA.
Put your trust in our unconditional
money back guarantee.
TIP -3055 BY TI inches. Use with various readouts PLASTIC SILICON
Plastic version of 2N3055. NPN Silicon or for optical experiments, TRANSISTORS
894 limited Qty. 2 For $1. Use for drivers in clock or calcu- ALTAJ ELECTRONICS
lators. P,AE BOX 38544

---
YOUR DALLAS, TEXAS 75238
MOTOROLA AUDIO AMP MPS2222A NPN
MPS2714 NPN CHOICE
MFC 4000. 4 lead mini DIP. 250 6 FOR TERMS: Check or money order. No COD.
IN4002
IN4007
1

--
AMP SILICON RECTIFIERS
100 PIV
1000 PIV
-- 8$
17d
MW. 9 volt operation. Hobbyist
Special
MPS3704
2N 3904 NPN--
NPN
ALL NEW
UNITS
Add 10% Pstg. and Hdlg. Tex Res. add
5%.
2N 3906 PNP
59c
2N 4249 - PNP

FEBRUARY 1975 95
CIRCLE NO. 3 ON READER SERVICE CARD
[Link]
 ELECTRONICS plans and formulas list. Deepsouth, 4641
PLANS AND KITS Kawanee, Metairie, Louisiana 70002. HIGH FIDELITY
TUBES
ATTENTION AUDIO FREAKS!! ... Audio Processing Cir- DIAMOND NEEDLES and Stereo Cartridges at Discount
RADIO & T.V. Tubes -36 cents each. Send for free prices for Shure, Pickering, Stanton, Empire, Grado and
cuits ... designs, kits, units. Laboratory tested designs for
hobbyist through professional use-limiters, compressors, Catalog. Cornell, 4213 University, San Diego, Calif. 92105. ADC. Send for free catalog. LYLE CARTRIDGES, Dept. P,
equalizers, phasers, mixers and more! Send now -$1.00 Box 69, Kensington Station, Brooklyn, New York 11218.
(refundable) for complete catalog -CIRCUIT RESEARCH
LABS, 3920 E. Indian School, Phoenix, AZ 85018.
Brands - -
RECEIVING & INDUSTRIAL TUBES, TRANSISTORS. All
Biggest Discounts. Technicians. Hobbyists.
Experimenters Request FREE Giant Catalog and SAVE!
SAVE 50%. Build your own speaker systems featuring Nor-
elco, Eminence and CTS. Famous brands from world's lar-
FREE CATALOG. 200+ unique electronic projects. Bio- ZALYTRON, 469 Jericho Turnpike Mineola, N.Y. 11501.
,
gest speaker factories at lowest wholesale prices. Write for
feedback, acupuncture, morel Cimarron Labs, 4183A TUBES receiving, factory boxed, low prices, free price list. free catalog of speakers and electronic accessories.
Springfield St., Burton, Michigan 48509. Transleteronic, Inc., 1306 40th Street, Brooklyn, N.Y. McGee Radio Company, 1901 McGee Street, Kansas City,
11218A, Telephone: 212-633-2800. Missouri 64108.
USE your transistor radio as a sensitive direction finder
Great for emergencies. Detailed plans. Guaranteed results. TUBES "Oldies", latest. Lists free. Steinmetz, 7519 POWER AMP modules: Direct -coupled Op -Amp design
$1.00. RADIO COMPASS, Dept. B, Box 606, Webb City, Maplewood, Hammond, Indiana 46324. produces 50 watts rms, 10hz-100khz, negligible distortion.
Missouri 64870. TUBES 60% OFF LIST PRICE. McCord Electronics, Box Requires simple power supply. $28: 2/$54 ppd. or send for
specs. R. Brown, 1233 Somerset Dr., San Jose, Calif.
AMAZING ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS -Pocket Laser, See - 276-T, Sylvania, Ohio 43560.
95132.
In -The -Dark, Scramblers, Penlight Strobe, Energy Devices, CASH PAID FOR OBSOLETE RECEIVING TUBES
TV Disruptor, Manny More, All New. Catalog $1.00. WE300B, WE300A, WE350B, WE252A, WE27A/B, WE284D,
SHOTGLASS. As seen in Esquire. Glssscone Columns
INFORMATION UNLTD., West St., Milford, N.H. 03055. RCA45, RCA50, Small and large quantities, and movie
Speaker. $129.50 each. F.O.B. Moneybeck Guarantee.
TACHYONnA, Box 1012, Roselle, Illinois 60172.
CONSTRUCTION PLANS. Digital tachometer, aircraft theatre equipment, amplifier WE86A, WE59A, WE30A,
strobe, others. Send 25 cents for listing. MIKRONICS, P.O. WE91A/B, pick-up WE9A, WE10A, etc. Contact: M.
Box 338, Dundee, III. 60118. Takabe, 303 Fifth Ave., N.Y.C. 10016. Tel: (212) 679-1970.
LISTEN TO SPECTACULAR 4 -CHANNEL SOUND!, -

EApand your stereo to quadraphonic Hi -Fi.

TEKTRONIX 321A
TRANSISTOR SPECIALS
116 tdj111`Zry°Ya.E.¿y/ Build the VISTA Full Logic "SQ" Decoder.
Latest CBS licensed circuitry using 3 IC's to provide Full Logic and Wave
o PORTABLE ALL -TRANSISTORIZED 74C 02 $ 60
2N256 PNP GE TO-3 $ .50
74C 10 $ 60
Matching.
3", 5MHz TRIGGERED SCOPES 2N404 PNP GE TO -5 4/$1.00 Exclusively ours. Kit SQ-1 $37.50. Shipped prepaid in USA B CANADA.
WITH 10:1 PROBE $450.00 74C 157 $2.15
o 2N1137B PNP GE TO -3 $ .95 74C 165 $3.50 Send for information.
MINIATURE TRIM POTS 2N5137 NPN Si TO -106 5/$1.00
2N3904 NPN Si TO -92 4/$1.00
CD 4001 $ 55 PHOTOLUME CORPORATION
5K, 10K, 25K, 50K, 100K, MPS3393 NPN Si TO -92 CD 4002 $ 65 118 East 20th Street, New York, N.Y. 10016
4/$1.00 CD 4009 $ 80
.

$.75 EA. 3/52.00 2N3906 PNP Si TO-92 4/$1.00 CD 4010 $ 65

MULTI -TURN TRIM POTS MPS A13 NPN Si TO -92 3/$1.00 CD 4011 $55
Similarto Bourns 3010 style 3/16" x 5/I" x 2N3767 NPN Si TO -66 $ .70
CD 4012 55
2N2222 NPN Si T0.18 5/$1.00 4013 $1.20 MOVIE FILMS
11/4" 50, 100, 500, 2000, 5000, 10,000 CD
2N3055 NPN Si TO -3 $1.00 CD 4016
ohms. $1.50 eá. 3/$4.00 2N5296 NPN Si TO-220 $ .50 CD 4019 $1.35
PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD 2N6109 PNP Si TO-220 $ .55 CD 4022 $2.25
41/2"x61/2" single sided EPDXY 2N4898 PNP Si TO -66 $ .60 CD 4023 55 8MM-SUPER 8-16MM MOVIES! Biggest Selection! Lowest
board, 1/16" thick, unetched MJ2252 NPN Si TO -66 $ .90 CD 4025 $ 55 Prices! Free Catalog! Cinema Eight, Box PE, Chester,
2N3638 PNP Si TO-5 5/$1.00 CD 4027 $1.35 Connecticut 06412.
$.50 ea. 5/$2.20 2N2218A NPN Si TO -5 4/$1.00 CD. 4030 $ 65
LIGHT ACTIVATED SCR's, CAPACITORS CD 4050 $1.35
TO -18 200V lA $1,75_ 6V 30 OF TANT. 5/$1 Full W- ave Bridges ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES & EQUIPMENT
NIXIE TUBES 20V 4.7UF TANT. 5/$1 MAN -1, RED OR YELLOW PRV 2A 6A 25A
Similar to Raytheon 8650 12V 10UF ELECT. 5/$1 LED READOUT ....$2.50 PLATING Equipment, Portable Platers, Supplies and
50V 1000F ELECT $.40 MAN -3 READOUTS $1.75
200 .95 1.25 4.00
tubes, with socket & data 400 1.15 1.50 5.00 "Know -How." Build your own tanks for nickel, chrome,
25V 30UF ELECT 4/51.00 MAN -4 READOUTS 52.00
'sheet $2.25 3/56.00 600 1.35 1.75 6.00 etc. Easy -to -install PVC liners. Rectifier components -all
1103 1024 bit RAM $4.75 5311 -CLOCK CHIP 6'DIGIT BCD sizes. Schematics, parts lists, formulas, operating
NEC 6003 2048 bit RAM $9.50 HOLD COUNT, OUTPUT
4 WATT IR LASER 1101 256 bit RAM $1.75 instructions for all plating. Guaranteed to save you 25%-
STROBE 57.75
DIODES $6.95 8225 64 bit -write RAM $2.75 75%. Some good units for sale. Write for details. Platers
5314 -CLOCK CHIP 6 DIGIT HOLD
8223 -PROGRAMMABLE COUNT, OUTPUT STROBE Service Company, 1511 -PE Esperanza, Los Angeles, Calif.
ROM $4.75 57.75
TIS 73 FET N $ 50 5316-ALARM CLOCK CHIP 58.50 90023.
MM5203-2048 BIT ERASABLE
2N4891 UJT $ 50 PROM $23.95 2513-64x7x5
ER900 TRIGGER DIODES 4/$1.00 CHARACTER GEN $9.95
2N6028 PROG. UJT Conductive Elastometer low SHORTWAVE LISTENING
$75 profile calculator keyboard. A 2516-64x6x8 STATIC
23/4" x 314 x 1/2" flex key. CHARACTER GEN $9.95
VERIPAX PC BOARD
This board is a 1/16" single 19SK-6 keyboard having 0-9, .. SANKEN AUDIO POWER AMPS
+, -, x, +, _, K+C buttons with SWLs MAGAZINE, 50 cents. SWLs QUARTERLY, 75 cents.
sided paper epoxy board, Si 1010 Y 10 WATTS ...$ 6.40
off, on switch. $6.00 Books, Antennas. SWL Guide, 414 Newcastle, Syracuse,
41/2"x 61/2" (standard veripax), Si 1025E 25 WATTS ...$17.95
DRILLED and ETCHED which CT5005-12 DIGIT CALCULA- NY 13219.
Si 1050 E 50 WATTS ...$24.95
will hold up to 21 single 14 pin TOR CHIP $7.95
IC's or 8, 16 or LSI DIP IC's with LINEAR CIRCUITS
TTL IC SERIES TAPE AND RECORDERS
busses for power supply con- LM 309K 5V 1A REGULATOR $1.65
nections. Is also etched for 22 74L00- .30 7476- .47 723 -40 +40V REGULATOR 5.58
7400- .18 7480- .65
-all major labels -3,000
pin connector
FLV 100 VISIBLE LED
$5.25
S 50
7401-
7402-
.18
.18
7483-1.10
7485-1.30
7486-
301/748 -Hi Per. Op. Amp
LM 320 -5
LM 376 -V to 37V POS REG.
5.35
or -15V REGULATOR... 51.75
$ 58
different -
RENT 4 -Track open reel tapes
free brochure. Stereo -Parts, 55 St. James Drive,
Santa Rosa, Ca. 95401.
ME -4 IR LED S 40 7403- .18 .48 741A or 741C OP. AMP. S 35
MCD-2 OPTO-ISOL S.90 7404- .22 7489-2.75 709C OPER AMP 5 29 1930-1962 Radio Programs. Reels, $1.00 Hour! Cassettes,
GREEN GAP OSL-16 LED S 60 7405- .22 7490- .75 340T-5, 12, 15, 18, 24V $2.00 Hour!...Mammoth Catalog, $1.25. AM Treasures,
RED GAP OSL-3 LED 5.40 7406- .37 7491-1.30 POS. REG. TO -220 51.75
14 PIN DIP SOCKETS S 40 7407- .37 7492- .75 101 OPER. AMP.. HI PERFORM $ 75
Box 192F, Babylon, N.Y. 11702.
16 PIN DIP SOCKETS 5 50 7408- .24 7493- .75 LM 308 OPER. AMP., LOW POWER 51.05
7410- .18 7495- .99 747 -DUAL 741 S 75
10 WATT ZENERS
3.9, 4.7 OR 5.6 V S75EA
7411-
7412-
.30
.45
7496-
8220-1.50
.95 536-FET INPUT OPER. AMP.
537 -PRECISION OP. AMP.
$2.60
$2.60 . CA
lain white cassette bIT,Tf1EeaLABEL
paper mailer boles hot Noreloo
.4 WATT ZENERS
3.9 5.6 6.8 OR 12 V.
7413- .75 74107- .50 LM 3900 -QUAD OP. AMP. 5.58
pe plastic boo, famous brand cassettes. -'like new" 01/2" metal or fiberglass feels.
end for
30 EA 7416- .37 74121- .60 LM 324 -QUAD 741 $2.20
open reel and cassette discount catalog.
assette labels (Multiples of 101
1.9 1099 100 1000

ilicon Power Rectifjer 7417- .37 74123-1.00 560 -PHASE LOCK LOOP $2.60 orelco Cassette Cleaner .65
.02
.60
.015
.55
.01
.50
PRY IA 3A 12A 50A 7420- .18 74125-1.40 561 -PHASE LOCK LOOP $2.60 assette Paper Mallet Boxes .03 .025 .022 .02
100 .06 ,14 .30 .80
7426- .30 74126-1.40 565 -PHASE LOCK LOOP $2.60 catch Cassette SC90HE, Buy 2. get ONE FREE 2.72 2.55 2.44 2.39
7427- .33 74150-1.15 567 -TONE DECODER 52.95
0.1/2" Fiberglass Reels, Used .50 .50 .40 .35
200 .07 .20 .35 1.15 7430- .18 74151- .95 01/2" Metal, NAB Hole. Used
703-RF-IF AMP S 55
1.00 1.00 .90 .80
400 .25 .50 1.40 7432- 74153-1.10 sus Postage by Weight and Zone

-
.09 .30 Minimum Order, 55.00
LM 370-AGC SQUELCH AMP $1.15
600 .11 .30 .70 1.80 7437- .44 74154-1.65 555-2 ps 2 HR. TIMER $ 98 SAXITONE TAPE SALES
1776 COLIMBIA ROAD, N.W.

800 .15 .35 .90 2.20 7438- .37 74157-1.25 1458 DUAL OP. AMP. $ 60 I
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20009

1000 .20 .45 1.10 2.60 7440- .21 74163-1.60 1456 OPER. AMP. 5 95
7441-1.05 74164-2.05 LM 380-2W AUDIO AMP. $1.45 WE have a few competitively priced used Revox A77 decks
REGULATED MODULAR
7442-1.00 74165-2.05 LM 377-2W STERO AUDIO AMP S2.60 available. These have been completely reconditioned by
7445-1.10 74173-1.80 LM 381 -STEREO PREAMP $1.75 Revox, are virtually indistinguishable from new and have
POWER SUPPLIES 7446-1.15 74175-1.95 LM 382 -DUAL AUDIO PREAMP $1.75
+-15VDC AT 100 ma, 115VAC 7447-1.15 74177-1.80 LM 311-HI PER. COMPARATOR $ 95
the standard Revox 90 day warranty for rebuilt machines.
INPUT $19.95 7448-1.20 74181-3.60 LM 319 -DUAL HI SPEED COMP. 51.25 Satisfaction guaranteed. One example is an A77 Dolby for
5VDC AT 1A, 115VAC 7450- .18 74192-1.50 LM 339 -QUAD COMPARATOR 51.65 $675 plus shipping. Please write stating your requirements
INPUT $19.95 7472- .40 74193-1.45 TRIALS to ESSI, Box 854, Hicksville, N.Y. 11802 (212) 895-9257.
7473- .43 74195-1.00 SCR'S
IN 4148 14/$1.00 7474- .43 75324-1.75
7475- .75 75491-1.10
Terms: FOB Cambridge Mass. GOVERNMENT SURPLUS
Send check or Money Order. Include IC 8038C
VOLTAGE CON -
Postage. Minimum Order $3.00 TROLLED OSCILLATOR ....$4.95 GOVERNMENT Surplus. How and Where to Buy in Your
Send 20c for our catalog featuring Transistors and Rectifiers; 145 HAMPSHIRE ST. Cambridge, Mass. Area. Send $2.00. Surplus 30177 -PE Headquarters Bldg.,
Washington, D.C. 20014.
HIP OVER 95% MANUALS for Govt Surplus radios, test sets, scopes, ra-
SOLID STATE SALES. OF OUR ORDERS THE .
dar, teletype. List 50 cents (coin). Books, 7218 Roanne
I . P.O. BOX 74A DAY WE RECEIVE THEM Drive, Washington, D.C. 20021.
SOMERVILLE, MASS.. 02143 TEL. (617)'547-4005 - COMMUNICATIONS Equipment Catalog. Colonel Russell,
9410 Walhampton, Louisville, Kentucky 40222.
CIRCLE NO. 34 ON READER SERVICE CARD
96 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
[Link]
 Waveform Generator Kit
CMOS 1-9 10 up XR205K Only $28.00
¡---e119es
o LED's
400049 S .55 .53 Here's a highly versatile lab W-atchl $7.90
40014E .54 .53 instrument at a fraction of with liquid 9 -Digit Display 1?Sedia.
40024E .54 .53 the cost of conventional unit crystal display. 209 Red $ .25
40044E 5.90 5.90 Kit includes two XR205 IC's, Beautiful, 1/8" character height 209 Yellow .35
40064E 3.90 3.80 data & applications, PC board reliable and compact, thin PC 209 Green .35
400749 .65 .60 (etched & drilled, ready for peck ege
40084E assembly) and detailed instruc. accurate. wide viewing angle
3.60 3.30 $149.00 plus
400948 .95 .94 tions. $2.50 for
401046 .95 .94
Displays .160"dia.
401146
401246
40134E
.54
.54
1.15
.53
.53
1.05
FM Stereo Demodulator
XR1310 $3.90
DUAL LOW
shipping and
handling.
SLA1
SLA11
Red $2.25
Green 4.25
216
216
Red
Yellow
.

.3025
yr
40144E 3.70 3.25 NOISE 216 Green 30
40154E
40164E
3.80
1.15
3.70
1.05
Audio Amps OP nmP Memories
SLA21 Orange 4.25
SLA2 ±1 Red 2.25
SLA12 ±1 Gm 2.25
40174E 2.90 2.70 LM352: 6.15V, 1.15W, 852 1.60 LM331 N: SLA22 ±1 Ora 2.25
40184E 3.20 3.05 LM354A: 6.27V, 2.80W, 80 Vlo=6mV P11014 $6.90
40194E 1.30 1.20
2.50
TAA611812 6-15V, 1.15W, 852 1.60 lie = 1000nA P110141
P14024
8.50
7.90
SLA3 Red
SLA4 Red
7.50
7.50 200"dia.
40204E 3.90 3.30 TAA621412:6.27V, 1.40W, 80 2.00 lb = 2000nA XAN72 Red 2.50
40214E 3.80 3.60 P2102 15.00 220 Red .25
T84641811: 618V, 2.20W, 40 3.00 Noise = 1.5dB XAN52 Green 2.50 220 Yellow .30
40224E 2.75 2.55 784800: 5-30V, 4.70W, 80 2.20 $2.20 P3101 5.50
P31014 5,50 220 Green .30
40234E
40244E 2.30
.54 .53
2.00
TBA810AS: 4-20V, 250W,40
TBA820: 3.16V, 0.75W, 412
3.00
1.70 MM6560N 5.00 Optoisolator
MM6561N 5.00 LOW PROFILE, IJ
40254E .54 .50 TC4830: 5-20V, 2.00W, 40 2.20 MCT2 1.45
402649 9.80 7.10 TCA940: 6-24V, 6.50W, 80 4.40 DM8599N 5.00 226 Red S .25 I

40274E 93403 5.00 226 Yellow .30

--,r
1.35 1.22
402846 2.95 2.75 226 Green .30
226 Orange .30
40294E
40304E
5.40
1.25
4.60
1.05 Power Transistors HYBRID MV50 Red $ .30
11 si

40354E 2.85 2.80

40404E 4.60 4.40 BU204 3A 1300V $4.14 vot'AMPLIFIERS Decoded Read Voltage 5053
5053
Red
Yellow
$ .35
.40
404145 3.30 3.20 BU205 3A 1500V 4.95 Write RAM
5.94 -1010G 10W 6.90 5053 Green .40
40424E
40434E
2.95
2.95
2.85
2.85
BU206
BU207
3A
6A
1700V
1300V 5.85
SI
SI -1020G 20W
$
9.90 P1103 $6.20 Regulators 5053 Orange .40

\.\-\. .\.\...\.\
40444E 2.95 BU208 6A 1500V 6.93 SI -1030G 3045 18.70
2.85 -1050G 50V/ 25.90 LM180H 5.50 216 = MV5024
404748 3.70 3.60 BU209 6A 1700V 8.64 SI $
LM104H 6.50 5053 = MV5053
404846 1.50 1.40 2N5126 $3.00
40494E 1.35 1.05 LM105H 5.10
40504E
40564E
1.35
3.50
1.05
3.46
2N 1136 1.50
2N1483 1.20
PREMIUM QUALITY COMPONENTS LM105F
LM109H
8.50
9.50 Linear ICI
2N1534 1.00 We've been buying and selling top quality components for nearly LM1CHK 6.30
406049 5.20 4.90 LM 114H TO -5 $ 3.00
40664E 3.20 2.96 2N 1540 1.10 ten years. Our annual volume exceeds $3 million. We handle LM200H 3.80
2N1544 .90 LM204H 4.70 LM301A TO -5 .90
40694E .85 .75 only original parts, from the world's leading manufacturers and LM301AM Mini -dip .75
2N3053 .35 LM205H 3.00
our customers include some of the largest and most quality - LM301AN Dip 1,10
Schottky 2N3055 .95
2N3375 5.50 conscious companies.
LM209H
LM209 K
3.50
3.70 LM302H
LM302N
TO -5
Dip
.95
1.40
2N3442 2.20 LM300H .90
2N3730 1.70 Now you can take advantage of our component LM300N 1.40 LM306H TO -5 2.80
2N3731 2.00 buying skills and power and select from a broad riRst LM3C4H 1.40 LM307H TO -5 .90
SN74SOON S .80 GRADE LM307M Mini -dip .90
SN74S02N .80 2N3732 1.50 range of advanced circuits. wnlity LM3C5H 1.10
2N3771 2.20 LM305AH 1.40 LM308H TO -5 1.20
SN74503N
SN74504N
.80
.80
2N3772 2.30
2N3773 3.40 Ye\n\\\\\\\r LM305N
LM 309 H
1,20
1.75
LM308AH
LM310H
LM311 H
TO -5
TO -5
TO -5
5.00
1.40
1.70
5N74508N .80 2N3789 3.00
IC sockets
LM3O9K 1.95
SN7451ON .80 2N3866 .95 2.60 LM318H TO -5 2.50
Teflon LM340-05K LM555CM Mini -dip .90
SN74511N .80 2N4347 1.60 LM 340-06K 2.60
2N 4348 2.00 Solder 3 pin TO -5 .55 LM709CH TO -5 .45
SN74320N .80 LM340-08K 2.60 LM709CN Dip
2N4395 1.30 4 pin TO -5 .65 LM340.12K 2.60
$N74S30N .80 8 pin DI L .22 LM710CH TO -5 .60
SN74S32N .80 2N4427 1.10 14 pin DIL .26
6 pin TO -5 .90 1024 Bit LM340-15K 2.60 LM710CN Dip .75
2N5109 2.10 8 Pin TO -5 1.10 LM340-18K 2.60
SN74S40N .80 2N5322 .92 16 pin
pin
DIL .29 10 pin TO -5 1.40 n -Channel LM340-24K 2.60
LM715CH TO -5 4.30
5N74541N .80 2N5323 .70 24 DIL .75 LM725CH TO -5 5.00
$N74564N .80 2N 6099 .80
28 pin DIL 1.10 Wire Wrap RfiM 26026
2602-18
$21.00
25.00
LM723H
LM723D
1.30
3.90
LM733CH TO -5 1.50
36 pin DI L 1.70 LM733CN Dip 1.50
SN74S74N 1.50 2N6101 .80 40 pin DIL 1.90 14 pin DIL .40 7552CPE 21.00 LM723CH .80
2N6103 .90 16 pin DIL .45 7552-I CPE 25.00 LM741CH TO -5 .45
SN74585N 6.10 LM723CN .75 LM741CM Mini dip .44
SN74S86N 2.90 L129 1.50 LM747CH TO -5 1.90
SN74S112N 2.50 L130 1.50 LM747CN Dip .90
L131 1.50 LM748CN Dip .40
SN74S113N 1.50 7400N 7400fí TTL 74150N $ 1 14 LOW 33L00 1.50
SN74S133N 1.00 7401N $ :z3 74151N .75 93L01 1.60 SG 4501T 2.20 LM 3046C N Dip .95
SN74S138N 4.50 7402N .22 7474N .38 74152N 2.25 POWER TTL 93L08 3.20 SG45C1N 2.20 LM3054CN Dip 1.50
'a3L09 1.80
SN74S139N
SN74S140N
3.90 7403N .22 7475N $ .68 74153N 1.12
74L00N $ .34 93L 10 2.80 COMPTTT£R Phase Locked Loops
SN745151N
1.00
3.30
7404N
7405N
.25
.29
7476N
7480N
,59
.66
74154N
74155N
1.63 74L02N .34 93L11 4.20 ZWZ'£RFAC£ Mini -dip 2.10
1.49 74L03N .39 93L12 1.80 LM567CM
SN745153N 3.30 7406N .38 7481N 1.21 74156N 1.49 1.70
DM8820N 4.00
74L04N .39 93L14 DM8820AN 6.50
SN745154N
SN745157N
3.40
2.70
7407N
7408N
.48
.24
7482N
7483N
1.01
1.01
74157N
74158N
1.19
1.54
74L10N .34 93L16
93L18
3.20
3.50 DM8830N' 4.50 IC Power Regulators
74L2ON .39 1.50 DM8831N 5.00 LM335K: 5V, 600mA 2.40
SN74S158N 3.00 7409N .54 7484N 3.01 74160N 1.50 93L21 DM8832NI 5.00
SN74S160N 6.60 74L42N 1.62 93L22 1.80 LM336K: 12V, 500mA 2.90
7410N .24 7485N 2.49 74161N 1.35 9600 1.30 LM337K: 15V, 450mA
SN745161N 6.60 74L47N 2.60 93L24 2.80
9601 1.30 2.90
7411N .29 7486N .49 741 62 N 1.50 74L51N 93L28 3.70
SN74S174N 4.75 .34 9602 2.00
7412N .51 7489N 2.99 74163N 1.50 93L34 4.00
SN74S175N 4.00 74L73N .74 9614 3.00
7413N .78 749ON .75 74164N 1.89 93L38 4.20
SN74S181N 11.50 7414N 2.81 7491N 1.40 74165N 1.89
74L74N
74L90N
.89
1.62
93L40 6.50 9615
9616
3.00
4.50 Pulse
SN74S189N 5.10 7416N .46 7492N .84 74166N 1.98 93L41 6.50 3.00
SN745194N 3.30 7417N .64 7493N .84 74170N 2.55
74L93N
74L95N
1.74
1.62
93L60
93L66
3.00
2.70
9617
9620 3.50 Generator
SN74S195N 4.40 7420N .19 7494N 1.29 74173N 1.79 9621 3.00 Interdesign 1101: 0.1Hz-2MHz,
SN74S251N 4.20 7421N .51 7495N .88 74174N 1.52 0-5V Output,.var. width, line or
SN745253N
SN74S275N
4.20
3.20
7423N .49 7496N .88 74175N 1.50 Model 4440 battery operation. $169.00.
7425N .39 7497N 2.50 74176N 1.69 A PORTABLE
SN74S258N 3.70 7426N .29 7410ON 1.45 74177N 1.69 4V2 DIGIT -.999
SN74S260N .90 7427N .35 74105N .54 74180N 2.49 MULTIMETER 512 Sit
FOR $299.
SN74S280N
SN74289N
5.70
5.00
7428N
7430N
.51
.22
74107N
74108N
.48
.91
74181N
74182N
3.65
1.19
A 10MHZ
`
2524VRecirculating
Dynamic Shift Register
93510 6.80 COUNTER OPTION 1-24: 54.00 / 25 up: $3.90
7432N .28 74109N .91 74184N 2.89 FOR $50.
93516 6.80 7433N .61 74110N .71 74185N 2.29
93521
93S22
3.50
3.20
7437N
7438N
.44 74111N .91 74190N 2.89
Interface Modules Shift 9300
.44 74114N .91 74191N 2.89
SERIES
93548 3.70 7439N
7440N
1.01
.19
74115N
74118N
.91
1.50
74192N
74193N
1.49
1.39
CY1010
CY1011A
instr. Amp., Bipolar Input
Instr. Amp., Bipolar Input
$ 29.00
49.00 Registers 9300PC $1.00
7441AN CY1020 ' Instr. Amp., FET Input 34.00 1402A 7.90 9301PC 1.20
HIGH 7442N
1.16
.98
74119N
74121N
.81
.54
74194N
74195N
1.35
.59
CY1021 Instr, Amp., FET Input 49.00 1403A
S
6.00 9304PC 1.50
CY1021A Instr. Amp., FET Input 59.00 1404A
SPEED TTL 7445N
7447N
.98
1.50
74122N .89 74196N 2.39 CY2018 DAC, 8 Bit, 2 Quad Multiplying 99.00 1405A
6.00
4.50
9306PC 6.90
9308PC 2.50
74HOON .34 74123N .95 74197N 2.39 CY2137 DAC, 10 Bit, Low Drift 39.00 1406 6.00 9309PC 2.50
74H01N .49 7448N 1.29 74125N 1.39 74198N 2.59 CY2218 DAC, 12 Bit, 2 Quad Multiplying 149.00 1407 6.00 9310PC 1.50
74H04N .36 7450N .23 74126N 1.39 74199N 4.48 CY2236 DAC, 12 Bit, Fast Settling, 1506 3-00 9311PC 2.50
74HO5N .38 7451N .28 74128N 1.21 74200N 5.05 Low Drift 89.00 1507 9312PC 1.20
74H08N .44 7453N .25 74132N 2.05 74122N 1.75 CY2237 DAC, 12 Bit, Low Drift 69.00 2505K 4.00 9314PC 1.30
74H10N .44 7454N .26 74136N .91 74251N 1.75 CY2735 DAC, 4 Digit BCD, Low Cost 79.00 2512K 5.50 9316PC 1.50
74H11N .44 7460N CY2737 DAC, 4 Digit BCD, Low Orltt 139.00 2524V 4.00 9318PC 2.30
74H15N .38
.24 74141N 1.89 74278N 2.95 CY3035 ADC, 8 Bit, Sect. Counting, 2525V 5.50 9321PC 1.20
74H2ON .39 7470N .30 74145N 1.79 74293N ,c2 Low Cost 89.00 10.90 9322PC 1.30
2533V
74H40N .36 7472N .39 74147N 2.95 74293N c2 CY3635 ADC, 3 Digit BCD, Sect. Count, 2807 4.00 9324PC 2.00
74H74N .69 7473N .46 74148N 3.55 74298N 2.55 Low Cost 119.00 2808 5.50 9328PC 2.50
2814DC 8.20 9334PC 2.95
I -Amp Rectifiers MINIMUM
MM5055N
MM5056H
5.00
5.00
9338PC 3.30
9340PC 5.00
10 100 1000
1N4001 $ 1.00 7.00 60.00 SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER (NO. C.O.D.) TO: ORDER:S10.00 MM5057N 5.00 9341PC 4.10
1N4002 1.10 8.00 70.00 MM5058N 10.90 9342PC 1.15
1N4003 1.20 9.00 80.00 TMS3114J 9.50 9360PC 1.75
1N4004 1.30 10.00 90.00 TMS3133NC 10.90 9366PC 1.75
1N4005 1.40 11.00 100.00 é,: g TWO PHASE MOS CLOCK DRIVER
1N4006 1.50 12.00 110.00
1N4007 1.60 13.00 120.00 MH0026CN $5.50
P.O. Box 2208P, Culver City, CA. 90230
SPECIFICATION SHEEETS: 5.25 ea. California residents add 6% sales tax.

FEBRUARY 1975 97

[Link]
 SELF -STUDY CB RADIO REPAIR COURSE. THERE'S
MONEY TO BE MADE REPAIRING CB RADIOS. This easy -
PERSONALS to -learn course can prepare you for a career in electronics
enabling you to earn as much as $16.00 an hour in your

to
Let us know S weeks in advance so that you won't
' MAKE FRIENDS WORLDWIDE through international
correspondence. Illustrated brochure free. Hermes, Berlin
11, Box 110660/ZD, Germany.
spare time. For more information write: CB Radio Repair
Course, Dept. PE -0275, 531 N. Ann Arbor, Oklahoma City,
Okla. 73127.
LEARN to do fast mental calculations of time and
frequency nanoseconds, etc. used in electronics. Newslet-
miss a single issue of POPULAR ELECTRONICS.
Attach old label where indicated and print new INSTRUCTION ter $2. GLOBE, 1304 Midland Avenue, Yonkers, N.Y. 10704.

address in space provided. Also include your mail- ANY Tech problems answered by experts, $1. Globe, 1304
LEARN ELECTRONIC ORGAN SERVICING at home all
Midland Ave., Yonkers, N.Y. 10704.
ing label whenever you write concerning your sub- makes including transistor. Experimental kit-trouble
scription. It helps us serve you promptly. shooting. Accredited NHSC, Free Booklet. NILES BRYANT DRAFTING -Blueprint Reading (Mechanical, Electronic,
Write to: P.O. Box 2774, Boulder, CO 80302, giv- SCHOOL, 3631 Stockton, Dept. A, Sacramento, Calif. Architectural). Home Courses $25.00. Send $2.00 first
95820. lesson. Prior Inc., 23-09 169th Street, Whitestone, New
ing the following information: York 11357.
Change address only. LEARN WHILE ASLEEP, Hypnotize! Strange catalog. free.
Auto -suggestion, Box 24-ZD, Olympia, Washington 98501.
Extend subscription. E Enter new subscription.

,-
DEGREE IN ELECTRONICS through correspondence. Free MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
1 year $6.98
catalog. Grantham, 2000 Stoner Avenue, Los Angeles,
o Payment enclosed (1 extra BONUS issue) California 90025.
Bill me later INTENSIVE 5 week course for Broadcast Engineers. F.C.C. 30% DISCOUNT name brand musical instruments. Free
AFFIX LABEL Catalog. Freeport Music, 455N, Route 110, Melville, N.Y.
r ai
1
First Class license. Radio Engineering Incorporated, 61 N.
Pineapple Ave., Sarasota, Florida 33577. 11746.
WHOLESALE! Professional Guitars, PA Systems, Altec
d Speakers, 240W RMS Amplifiers. Free Catalog, Carvin,
wl
N
v
a
rin
F.C.C.
EXAM
MANUALt / [Link]
Escondido, Calif. 92028.
30% + DISCOUNT. Name Brand Musical Instruments. Free
v` 7; PASS FCC EXAMS, Mernorirr, m,dy-"Trt- ter 1 Catalog. Continental Music, Dept. H, P.O. Box 3001,
Answer: for FCC 1n and 2nd clew Radio FCC fin!
Telephone brume. Newly reviled multiple, serer y h Garden City, New York 11530.
choice pu" f,ore end doerwnr cover e11 crew n,by
Cegrrcyl
toned In FCC uwm'plur "5"M -Stow Ability
o Trt." $9.96 poniard Moneybeck GI/want.. , e
BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES
C COMMAND PRODUCTIONS P.O. BOX 26341.P
11011 [On$uu$c 01415)011
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF. 94126
r c SCORE high on F.C.C. Exams...Over 300 questions and
MADE $40,000.00 Year by Mailorderl Helped others make
I

money! Free Proof. Torrey, Box 318 -NN, Ypsilanti,

r to answers. Covers 3rd, 2nd, 1st and even Radar. Third and
Second Test, $14.50; First Class' Test, $15.00. All tests,
Michigan 48197.
FREE CATALOGS. Repair air conditioning, refrigeration.
d
a $26.50. R.E.I., Inc., Box 806, Sarasota, Fla. 33577. Tools, supplies, full instructions. Doolin, 2016 Canton,
tti
FCC LICENSE through tape recorded lessons. Also Radar Dallas, Texas 75201.
o
c Endorsement. Radio License Training, 1060D Duncan, MAILORDER MILLIONAIRE helps beginners make $500
al Manhattan Beach, Calif. 90266. weekly. Free report reveals secret plan! Executive (1K2),
FCC LICENSE, electronics design, satellite communica- 333 North Michigan, Chicago 60601,
Lm r. tions, through correspondence. Free catalog. Genn Tech,
o $200.00 DAILY In Your Mailbox! Your opportunity to do
r
N
L
o E
ü
5540 Hollywood By., Los Angeles, CA 90028.
what mail-order experts do. Free details. Associates, Box
o m
m FCC License, electronics design, satellite communica- 136-J, Holland, Michigan 49423.
ó tions, through correspondence. Free catalog. Genn Tech, $178.00 WEEKLY. Work one hour daily. Free brochure.
5540 Hollywood By., Los Angeles, CA 90028. FAS, Box 13703-A, San Antonio TX, 78213.
Add'I postage: ;2 per year outside U.S., its poss. & Can.

T T L CMOS
7400'6/$1.00 7488 4.00 C04001 $ .55
* FEBRUARY -
Miniature Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors
SPECIALS LM300
LM301 H/N
LINEAR $ .79
3/1.00

-- --
7401 .23 7489' 2.75 C04002 .55 AXIAL LEAD TYPE LM302H Voltage Follower .79
7402 .23 7490' RADIAL LEAD TYPE LM304H Negative Volt Reg .89
7403 6/1.00 7491' 1.00 CD4009 1.40 LM305H Positive Volt Reg 1.00
7404 .25 7492 .95 CD4010 .60 1- 10- 1- 10- LM307H/N Op Amp (Super 741) .35
7405 .24
7493.95 CD4011 .55 MFD-VOLTS 9 99 100 MFD-VOLTS 9 99 100 LM308H/N Micro Power Op Amp 1.15
7406 .50
7494.97 CD4012 .55
7407 .50
7495.95 CD4013 1.50 1 UFD/50V 14c12c11c 100 UFD/16V 19c 15c 14c LM309K 5 Volt Regulator/Amp 1.25
.25
7496.95 CD4016 1.40 2.2 UFD/50V 14c 12c 11 c 100 UFD/25V 24c 18c 17c LM310H Imprd Volt Follower 1.19
7409 74100
.25
1.50 CD4017 2.75 3.3 UFD/25V 14c12c11c 220 UFD/16V 24c 18c 17c LM311H/N Hi -perform VoltComp. 1.00
7410' 6/1.00 74107
.47 CD4019 1.25 4.7 UFD/25V 14c12c11c 220 UFD/25V 35c 25c 24c
10UFD/16V 14c12c11c 330 UFD/16V LM318N Hi -Speed Op Amp 2.00
7411 .30 74121 .55 CD4020 1.50 35c 25c 24c LM320K -5V 5.2V 12V 15V-24
7412 .40 74122 .47 CD4022 2.50 10 UFD/25V 14c 12c11c 330 UFD/25V 44c 35c 32c
7413 .89 74123 1.05 C04023 22 UFD/16V 14c 12c 11c 470 UFD/16V 37c 30c 27c Neg. Reg. 1.75
.55 22 UFD/25V 1 5c 13c 12c Quad 741 Op Amp
7416 .45 74125 .60 CD4025 .55 470 UFD/25V 49c 39c 35c LM324N 1.90
7417 .45 74126 .80 CD4027 1.25 33UFD/16V 15c12c11c 1000 UFD/16V 49c 39c 35c LM339N Quad Comparator 2.35
7418 .25 74141 1.15 CD4030 .60 3311FD/25V 17c13c12c 1000 UFD/25V 75c 60c 55c LM340K +5V 12V 15V 24V
7420 .23 74145 1.15 CD4035 2.75 47UFD/16V 17c14c13c 2200 UFD/16V 75c 60c 55c Pos. Reg. 1.89
7421 .27 74150 .95 CD4049 1.25 47 UFD/25V 19c15c14c +5V 12V 15V 24V
7423
LM340T
.32 75151 1.20 CD4050 1.25 *50 VOLT CERAMIC DISC CAPACITORS Pos. Reg. 1.75
7425 .27 74153 1.50 74C00 .45 LM370N A 6 C - Squelch Amp
1.15
7426 .31 74154 1.25 74CO2 .45 mf.
.001 3.5c 3c5c .033 mf. 6c 4c 3.5c
7427 .32 74155 1.30 74C04 .70 .0047 mf. 4c 3.5c
6c .047 mf. 6c 4c 3.5c LM373N AM/FM $$ B Strip 3.15
7429 .40 74156 1.30 74C20 .65 .01 mf. 3.5c 3c5c .1 mf.12c 7.5c LM380N 2 Watt Audio Power Amp 1.25
7430 .33 74157 1.55 74C74 1.15 .022 mf. 4c 3.5c
6c LM380-8N .6 Watt Audio Amp 1.00
7432 .26 74160 1.65 74C160 3.25 MPS -A05 5/81 `TRANSISTORS 2N3905 4/ NE531T OP /'mp 3.00
7437 .45 74161 1.65 74C161 3.25 .25 2N2906A NE55ON Volt. Reg. .79
7438 .50 74163 .2.50 74C107 1.50 2N918 4/ 1 2N3906 4/
7439 .50 74164 2.50 74C151 2.90 2N2219A 3/$1 2N2907A 5/ 1 PN4249 4/ LN.555V Timer .75
7440 .23 74165 2.50 74C154 3.50 2N2221A 4/$1 2N3053 2/ 1 PN4250 4/ NE565H" Phase Lock Loop(T05) 1.75
7441 1.10 74166 1.75 74C163 3.25 2N2222A 5/ 2N3724A 2/ 1 2N4409
1 5/$1 LM565N Phu,' Lock Loop (DI L) 2.00
7442 1.05 74170 3.00 74C164 3.50 2N2369 5/ 2N3725A 2/ 1 2N5129
1 .19 LM566CN Function Generator 2.00
7443 1.10 74173 1.75 74C1 73 2.90 2N2369A 4/ 2N3903 5/ 12N5139
1 .19 LN,567H° Tone Generator (T05) 1.75
7444 1.15' 74174 1.85 74C195 3.00 2N2484 4/ 1 2N3904 4/ C106B1-SCR-2/$1
7445 1.10 74175 1.85 CALCULATOR & CLOCK CHIPS w/dlata
1
LM567CN Tone Generator (MINI) 2.00
7446 1.25 74176 .85 WZenerj 5001 LSI 40 pin DIP 4 funct $3.95 LM703H RF/IF Amp .45
7447' 1.00 74177 IODES 5005 LSI 28 pin DIP 4 funct w/mem 7.95 LM723H/N Voltage Regulator .55
7448 1.25 74180' 1.00 (Rectifier) MM5311 28 pin BCD 6 dig mux 7.95 LM741 H/N Comp, Op Amp 3/1.00
7450 .25 74181 3.75 IN746 4/$1 MM5312 24 pin pps BCD 4 dig mux 16.95 LM747H/N Dual [Link] Amp .90
7451 .27 74182 1.00 IN752 4/$1 MM5313 28 pin pps BCD 6 dig mux 17.95 LM1310P Stereo Demodulator 4.10
7453 .27 74184 2.30 IN5232 .28c MM5314 24 pin 6 dig mux 7.95
7454 .40 74185 2.30 IN5234 .28c MM5316 40 pin alarm 6 dig 7.95 LM1458N Dual Comp. Op Amp .65
7459 .25 74187 7.00 IN4734 28c LM1556N 5 Times Faster 741 1.85
7460 .25 74190 1.50 IN4735 28c Satisfaction Guaranteed. All Items 100% Tested LM2307P Current Controlled 3.15
7470
7472
.45 74191 1.50 IN3600 6/ 1
.41 74192' 1.25 IN4148 15/ 1
$5.00 Min. Order 1st Class Mail -
No Charge
California Residents Add 6% Sales Tax - - LM3065N T.V.-FM Sound System .75
LM3900N Quad Amp .50
,nee
7473
7474
.47
.47 74194 1.50 N456
IN4154 12/ 1
6/ 1 I
Wholesale Outlets Write for Special Discounts-
Write for FREE 1975 Catalog Data Sheets .2561 each -
LM3905N' Precision Timer .65
7475 .90 74195 1.05 N458 6/ 1 I
PROJECTS LEDS 8000 Series
7476 .47 74196 1.25 IN485A 5/ 1 8263 7.00
$ MV 10 5/1 8090-98 .55
7480 .50 74197 1.05 N4001 .09 8267 4.00 MV 50 6/1 8123 1,50
7482 1.75 74198 2.25 N4002 .10 2513' 11.00 MV 5024 5/1 8223 4.00
7483 1.15 74199 2.75 N4004 .10 2518 7.00 MAN -1 1.95 8263 7.00
7485' 1.10 74200 7.00 N1183 1.60 2519 4.00 MAN -3 .95 8267 4.00
7486 .47 N1184 1.70 2524' 5.00 MAN -4 1.95 8280 .75
20% Discount for 100 N1186 1.80 P.O. BOX 822, BELMONT, CA. 94002 2525 7.00 MAN -7 1.50 8281 .85
Pieces Combined 7400 PHONE ORDERS (415) 592-81)97
CIRCLE NO. 20 ON READER SERVICE CARD
- 2529
4024P
4.00 DL 33 1.95
3.00 DL747 2.50
8288
8880
1.15
1.35
98 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
[Link]
 "ALL LED" MONSANTO POLY P465 THE SIMPLEST! FINEST! SMALLEST!
READOUTS! BLUE RIBBON 6 -FUNCTION AC -DC
MAN 1

/,NetpDrt
o(rCy
CALCULATOR KIT!
MAN -3 1MAN-6. LIghtweight, pocket size True credit balance
MONSANTO CHAR. SALE Quantity 20 -Years of Business Extra large display Simplified indexing
TYPE HT. EACH Discounts INTEGRITY Transistors 6 functions plus, minus, Mark up and Mark down
O MAN -1 .27 53.50 3 for $ 9. 20 -Years of Money -Back
times, percentage, constant Constant multiplication
i
n MAN -2 ,32 4.95 3 for $14 GUARANTEES Floating decimal and division
MAN 3 .12 1.00 3 for $ 2.50 [Link] of Economy! Chain and Mix calculations AC adaptor jack
MAN -6 .60 4.50 3 for $12. LOWEST PRICES: Desigtwd specifically for Poly Paks under the Daltone
MAN -64 .4 3.50 3 for $ 9. 8- 80 brand. IMAGINE! only 21/2 x 1 x 4r/ ", Slides cosily
into your vest pocket, brief case, or handbag. We
MAN -7 .27 1.50 3 for $ 3. 48 -HR. SERVICE Led DIGIT Homed rywhere to find a calculator kit that can
35 LED matrix array be small, do the many functions, with fine engineering
design and SIMPLE TO BUILD! WILY? Because it has
the fewest parts in a kit. Imagine the pc board only
REFLECTIVE BAR TYPES .1rsE. has the chip. 4 resistors, two transistors, two driver
ac's with the 9 digit readout. SIMPLE! You het it is
The entire kit is even packed in a multicolor attrac-
SLA-1 .33 2.10 3 for $5. SLA-1 SLA-3P tively designed box that in itself tells the mini calcula-
SLA3 .70 4.95 3 for 913. tor atry. Kit includes: attractive black case with red
.SLA-11 .33t 2.50 3 for $6. By Opcoa, equal to filter: Flex Key (type 20SK-66) 18 key keyboard that
LA21. ,33}t 2.50 3 for $6 MAN -1 or MAN -4 specs. Color - RED
tGreen, tt ratios.
measutes only 21/2 x 2" with 2 switches. one for ON -
OFF, one for K constant; MAIN pc board; readout
board: famous Cal Tech 5030 26 -pin calculator chip;
GAS DISCHARGE two 75491 is drivers; Hewlett Packard 9 digit array;
DISPLAY Only
NATIONAL x$5.95 3 for $15 c jack; 9 Volt battery connector resistors; two tran-
sistors; back protective plate; necessary wire plugs;
POWER 0 $3.95 NUMERICAL Type NDP1252 cold cath- Keyboard easy instructions. (Leas 9 volt standard battery and
SUPPLIES ode gas discharge.7-seg- Case AG adapter)
EASIEST KIT TO BUILD
DISPLAY PC boards

PANEL
ment/8-digit symbols minus,
overflow and dot. Properly
multiplexed. Like Burroughs
Panaplex-Two. Color: OR-
ANGE. Used in calculators,
GET KEY THE PARTS! BASIC KIT 91 includes case, all -function Flex Key
Keyboard, Cal Tech CT5002 calculator chip, -digit
Antes LED display with built -on individual magnifiers.
- 9

t\t
equipment etc. Anode supply
voltage 190 vile. We have
CASE
plus sheets,
BASIC KIT 92 - 0 516.95
same as Basic 91 except calculator
¡f P/IlJ"/1
IIIIIII1dlrGll ll IIIII
listed miniature power sup-
ply for them. With sche-
matic. 3 x 11/2 x 1/2". Calculator BASIC HIT 93 -
chip is National 8 -digit MM5725. $16,95
same as Basic 91 except calculator
chip is National 6 -digit MM6736 and 75492.

35 WATT AUDIO
AMPLIFIER BASIC
$3.98
2 for $7 Basics 12 DIGIT BASIC 94 - $16.95
Key parts include: CT5001
chip, 4-3 digit readouts, factory etched PC board, case,
Carrying case, 2 -resistor networks, decimal switch.
For Class AB use. Basic includes: Signetie Wild Rover Keyboard with ON -OFF switch diagrams,

-
540 30 transistor high power driver TO -5
3 x 3" pc board power sup- "IC", with a pair of complimentary 35 - Sale $19.95
ply with brightness control watt plastic transistors, i.e. 2N5296 non
for the NDP or any gas dis- and 2N6109 pop. With schematics, printed
8 -DIGIT "TEXAS INSTRUMENT" BASIC KIT 97
charge tubes. Completely circuit and parts board layouts. includes'Texaskeyboard, 1KS149, standard 4 -(unction.
wired. As extra feature has With T -I calculator chip TMS-0128, p.c. board, case,
calculator clock circuit. new
The lens. Microswitch (on -off). 9 -digit ANTEX array; in- .

transformer i the BRAND NEW LOWEST PRICES o eludes diagram. $16.95.

Toroidal transformer itself GENERAL ELECTRIC 3 -WATT $2.50
worth our asking price. Only AUDIO AMP 3 FOR ss.00 KEY 6 & 8 DIGIT
1/2 x 1/2". Electrical pecs Delivers 3.6 walla continuous. 10 watts peek, with
110 vac input, output. sWith heat sinks: m o -mini /
e: ' xt/2x1/2". 9 to 30V sup-
BOARD
/
MINI CALCULATOR BASICS
spec sheet. ply. High sensitivity. 8to 18 ohms.
So Small fin In'ur palmf
2
` keyY
READOUTS 11=/ kits"
Easiest basics around'
1
THREE
CLOCK CHIPS
ON A "DIP" as Low
au
$3.95 MAKE YOUR OWN 12591:5351
/[The
KIT NO. 5030 - Requires aperos. 6 more parts.
6 functions, Includes mini case,
QUARTER
INCH DIGITS
WITH DATA SHEETS
01M5311 6 -digit 28 -Pin
MM5312 4 -digit 24 -Pin
$6.99
6.99
CALCULATORS
WITH OUR
LOW PRICED
IIIB
DM
with lens, HP nine digit readouts with multiplex pc
board, main Pc board, mini keyboard (with two
switches, percent and constant), ne adapter jack,
BY OPCOA
Ot
0.7 character
7 Segments
9
MM5313 6 -digit 28 -Pin
MM5314 6 -digit 24 -Pin
MM5316
6.99
6.99
4-digit 40 -Pin, alarm 6.99
MM5316-A no alarm 3.95
6-8-12
DIGIT
DODB
*El [1E113
laODD
diagram.
KIT NO. 5031
as.. CT5031 chip.
KIT Na. 5736
--
2- SN75491 drivers, CT5030 calculator chip with
$16.95
4 function, same as 5030 excent
0$16.95
4 function, like 5031, Uses Na-
BASICS
i

'' C-
30 mils
Ace color MINI-COMPUTER PARTS CHIP L-tional MM6736 0$12.95
$4.95
Í
3 for 913.1 8008 micro. $79.95
'BEEPER" AND "DATER' "C"
Type
MOS IC'S
ale
TYPO 0 2.10
CD4000AE 553 CD4O22AE
[]SLA-3H
0SLA4HRED
RED
Kit of IC'S $129 CLOCK ON THE CHIPS 0CD4001AE
$
.53 CD4023AE .53
SLA-13 GREEN
9
8008 Microprocessor with
MK50250 8.50 CD4002AE
0CD4006AE
.53
3.75
CD4024AE
0CD4025AE
2.15
.53
,

SLA-3GREEN
YELLOW 8-2102/2602 n channel $24.50 BEEPER
CD4007AE .61 CD4026AE 8.50
SLA-23 YELLOW "STATIC" 1000 BIT MM5203 Eraceable ultra- Imagine a chip (MK60250) CD4008AE 3.50 CD4028AE 2.75
Plus or RAM'S. Requires single violet PROMS! Quartz lid. "Beepin" and audible alarm! CD4009AE .75 0CD4030AE .53
Minuso VDC power supply. Specs.
5
2048 static. Specs .... All others are external. It CD4033AE 3.50

70"IC",
CD4010AE .55
also features internal bright- 0CD4O11AE .51 0CD4040AE 4.50
ness control. The CT7001 CD4012AE .53 CD4042AE 2.75
$3.98 0 2 for $p1 For Class AB use. Basic includes: Signetic
540 30 transistor high power driver TO -5
with a pair of complimentary 35-
watt plastic transistors, i.e. 2N5296 npn
requires external triggering
of alarm, date of the month
and direct drive to LED
C CD4O13AE
CD4014AE
CD4019AE
1.05
3.50
1.10
CD4043AE
CD4044AE
0CD4047AE
1.10
1.10
.80
35 WATT AUDIO E CD4O2OAE 3.25 CD4O66AE 3.75
and 286109 pop. With schematics, printed
'

readouts. Both require min-

,

AMPLIFIER BASIC circuit and parts board layouts. imum current drain and

First ANY 10 IC'S BUY 100

voltages, for either 4 to 6
LED readouts. 12 or 24
8 WATT hours. AM and PM. PROM OUR PAGE AD

TAKE 25%
STEREO
Time! TAKE 15%
CT7001 Alarm

'
and Date... .$12.50
AUDIO AMP
The factory "snipped" moat o the cables to this com-
pact 8 watt stereo unit with aluminum escutcheon Inflation -Fi Ming asilo_
[date, It's easy to use because we have all the cables
marked ready to use. With power supply. 115vac. 3
controls, LEFT and RIGHT VOLUME controls for two
speakers for balancing and center TONE control. With
knobs. 7 x 31/2 x 31/2. Hookup spec sheets.
ECONOMY IG PRICES
Type Sale Order by We number! Slicesheets on reqLest "ONLY- Factory Marked
S .17 0 587438 .35 0 5N7481 1.19 0 SN74141 1.19 5874191 1.49
SN7401 .17 587440 .17 0 SN7482 .99 0 SN74145 1.12 5874192 1.45
0 5N7402 587441 .95 0 5117483 .99 0 SN74148 2.50 SN74193 1.29
60 -WATT STEREO U SN7403
.17
.17 SN7442 .95 SN7486 .41 SN74150 .99 5874195 .89
.89
AM -FM- MULTIPLEX 0 SH7404 .21 SN7443 .95 0 SN7489 2.50 SN74151 .85 SN74197
0 5N7405 .21 5N7444 1.05 0 SN74153
0 587490 .71 1.05 SN74198 2.10
TUNER WITH 0 587406 .37 587445 1.05 0 51.174154
0 SN7491 1.15 1.49 51174199 2.10
SN7408 .23 587446 1.10 0 SN74155
0 SN7493 .71 1.09 51474200 4.95
AMPLIFIER 0 SN7409 .23 SN7447 1.10 0 SN74156
0 5N7495 .85 1.19
0 SN7410 .18 SN7448 1.10 0 SN74157
0 SN7496 .85 1.19

AM -FM-
All Solid State, Printed Circuitry
Slid. Rub Dial
All Pure., all 'welly System!
51..17413.23 0
0 5N7414
.27
.73
2.25
5N7450
SN7451
SN7453 23
0 51474100 1.55 3 SN74158
5874104 1.25 0 SN74161
51474105 A5 0
1.45
1.29
1.49
MUX-DIAL 0 SN7415 .37 5N7455 ,37 0 SN74106 .45 SN74164 1.79
100- Wettsl music power 0 5N7416 .37 587462 .37 0 5N74107 .45 5874165 1.79
Indicators! Features; 4 -speaker system, built-in 0 SH7417 .37 SN7464 .37 0 5874108 .89 0 SN74166 1.55
FM antenna, record player jacks on separate panel. 0 51.17420 .18 SN7465 .37 0 SN74112 .91 0 5874173 1.55
Another external panel consists of provisions for ex- 0 5117422 .27 587471 .49 0 5N74113 .91 51174174 1.49
ternal FM and AM antenna, "satellite" speakers to 0 SN7423 .33 5N7472 .33 0 SN74114 .89 0 5N74175 1.81
provide 4 -speaker ground, jacks for connecting a tape 0 587425 .37 SN7473 .41 0 5874121 .55 SH74176 1.55
recorder to radio tuner or phono of systems to record. 0 51.47426 .27 SN7474 .41 5874122 .51 05874177 1.55
Lower ini;uts for connecting tape deck that will play 0 SN7427 .31 SN7475 .71 SN74123 .91 0 5874180 1.05
back thru the internal amplifier for systems. AC jack for 0 587430 .45 0 5N74125 .65 0 5874181 3.50
1;' - D

;
phono power connection. RED. GREEN and CLEAR in-
dicators for Phono, AM, and FM respectively. Includes
red indicator on front panel for STEREO indicator.
.I musical
Has separate input to plug into mike. guitar and other
0 587432
0 SN7437
.17
27
.41
SN7476
SN7478
SN7480
.55
.61 0
0 SN7Q326 .73 0SN74182 .79
SN74140 2.50 0 SN74190 1.49
Terms: add postage Rated: net 30
-J instruments flas,front panel controls, PHONO- INTEGRATED CIRCUIT Phone Orders: Wakefield, Mass. (617) 245-3829
STEItF..O-AM-FM, MONO, FM STEREO. GUITAR, TAPE, SOCKETS Retail: 16-18 Del Carmine St., Wakefield, Muss.
MIKE master control switch. LOUDNESS, BALANCE, 3114 -Pin, DIP (oft Water Street) C.O.D.'S MAY BE PHONED

OOD
TREBLE. BASS controla, with power ON -OFF rocker
toitch,
and AFC ON -OFF. Designed for allaudio-philes
all unit DEN or FAMILY ROOM. or con-
?", ; 016-Pln, DIP
...s.45
14Pfd, Side Mount 1.00
TO -5, a or 10 -Pins .50
.

MINIMUM ORDER -
20c CATALOG on Fiber Optics, 'ICs', Semi's, Parts
$4.00
POLY PAKS
use w .29
trol mft by easy chair in family room, or for those Buy Any 3 O -Pin. (Mini DIP).
who wish to design their own console or modular pt- Take 10% 14 -Pin, Wire Wrap ... .39
WITH tem. With fi ft, 115 VAC cord and plug. Only 13 x Discount! 16 -Pin, Wlre Wrap 69e
[Link].942E,LYNNFIELD,MASS.01940
7 x 31/2" deep. With knobs. Shpg. wt. 3 lbs. 89c
. ..I
ESCUTCHEON

CIRCLE NO. 28 ON READER SERVICE CARD

FEBRUARY 1975 99
[Link]
 -
SELL MAGNETIC SIGNS-Free Information -
Write Today
Magnetic Signs, Box 76F, Villas, New Jersey 08251.
FILE your own patent application. Complete Information
and materials. Write: Inventor's Guide, 468-R, Goodspeed
INVENTIONS WANTED Road, Virginia Beach, Virginia 23451.

Wax CITIZENS BAND CASH -ROYALTIES for patented, unpatented inventions.

Global Marketing Service, 139-P Lake Merced Hill South',
MAGAZINES
San Francisco, California 94132.
ah
INVENTORS: Protect your Ideas! Free "Recommended ZILLIONS OF SUPER ARTICLES every issue of Pop
S end this Ad to: Procedure". Washington Inventors Service, 422T 'Tronics. Oct '54 thru July '74, for sale, no cutouts, make
Washington Building, Washington, D.C. 20005. offer. Jiffy, 1874 Cheshire, Cheyenne, Wyo. 82001:
PAL ELECTRONICS CO. FREE PAMPHLET: "Tips on Safeguarding Your Invention."
O. Box 778 Westminster, Ca. 92683 EINSTEIN'S THEORY OF RELATIVITY REFUTED in ex-
Write: United States Inventors Service Company, 708-T
cerpt from the "Steel Ball" by Stan White. $1 P.D.
Carry Building, Washington, D.C. 20005.
TachyonTM, P.O. Box 1012, Roselle, Illinois 60172.
PIANO TUNING LEARNED QUICKLY AT HOME!
Tremendous field! Musical knowledge unnecessary. GI

inventors
approved. Information free. Empire School, Box 450327,
Miami 33145.
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES

IGHLY ELECTRONICS/AVIONICS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUN-

ONE-MAN
PROFITABLE
.:. Manufacturers Need
ITIES. Report on jobs now open. Details FREE, Aviation
Employment Information Service, Box 240, Northport, New
ELECTRONIC FACTORY New Products York 11768.

Investment unnecessary, knowledge not required, If you have an idea for a new product, or a way to
sales handled by professionals. Postcard brings make an old product better, contact us, "the idea TREASURE FINDERS
facts about this unusual opportunity. Write today! people." We'll develop your idea, introduce it to
Barta-DN, Box 248, Walnut Creek, CA 94597. ndustry, negotiate for cash sale or licensing.
Send for our FREE "Invention Kit." It has a
special "Invention Record Form," an important I FREE FACT -FILLED CATALOG! World's largest selectionI
Metal detectors starting at $79.50. Two year guarantee!
SELL TO GOVERNMENT -Complete instruction package brochure, "Your Invention - Its Development, Pro- Three factories, U.S.-Canada. 1,200 dealers - Service
$4. RMP, Box 33071, District Hts., MD 20028.
WANT MORE MONEY, BETTER JOB? Get valid College
tection & Marketing," and a Directory of 500
Corporations Seeking New Products. You'll learn
how ideas become a reality!
I Centers nationwide. Finest instruments at any price!
Budget Terms.. Dealer inquiries invited. Write: White's
Degrees without studying ...legally! Complete details for Electronics, Inc. Dept. PD5P, 1011 Pleasant Valley Road,
stamp. Counseling, Box 1162-PE1, Tustin, Calif. 92680.
FREE BOOK "2042 unique proven enterprises." Work
RAYMOND LEE ORGANIZATION
230 Park Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10017
I Sweet Home, Oregon 97386.
TREASURE FINDER locates buried gold, silver, coins,
treasures. 6 powerful models. Instant financing available.
home! Hayling-B, Carlsbad, CA 92008.
POVERTY to riches in six easy steps. Invest $2 for our
money making booklet. P.O. Box 8071, Cranston, R.I.
I'd like to find out how to take action on my
idea. Send Free "Invention Kit No.A-112" I Write or call for free catalog. Phone (713) 682-2728 day or
night. Dealer inquiries invited. Relco, Dept. AA20, Box
10839, Houston, Texas 77018.
02920. Name Please Print

FREE BOOK "999 Successful, Little -Known Businesses."

'
Address
Work Home! Plymouth-TFD, Box 1056, Weston, CT 06880. REAL ESTATE
City State Zip
UNIVERSITY DEGREES BY MAIL! Free Details.
Counseling, Box 1162-PE2, Tustin, California 92680. SAN FRANCISCO' IOS ANGEEE( TORONTO VANCOUVER DENVER CHICAGO
,BIG ...FREE...SPRING '75 CATALOG! Over 2,500 top
MR. INVENTOR: Manufacturers need inventions. For de- values in FARMS, RANCHES, ACREAGES,
RECORDS velopment assistance, patent searches, sales for cash or RECREATIONAL PROPERTIES, BUSINESSES, TOWN and
royalty, free "Proof of Invention" forms and other important COUNTRY HOMES in 40 states coast to coast! Over 4,100

/
OLDIES. 45rpm. Free Catalog. Corny's Record Shop, Box information, write: Charles S. Prince, Invention Consultant, PHOTOS! UNITED FARM AGENCY, 612-EP West 47th St.,
166TC, Mason, Ohio 45040. 509-E 5th Avenue, NYC 10017. Kansas City, MO 64112.

TIME DELAY RELAYS

MINIATURE FILM
Erb'
War WNArAI"AD
M
QeR6ANs' (
VALUE

0047
01
OM
10
10
i0
CE Tee
1660
10
10
i0
E
SI031

X09
AO
.100
0.

... only al TRACT DESIGN1 ¡¡,ee

I4 .21
.15
N
[Link] 12 2B M ]5

DIGITAL IN7EGRATED CIRCUITS REGULATOR CIRCUITS

All are new and IactOre no'-.d ANN ty,e end date woe.
MC7BOSce 5 roll reylatw a 1.5A ma. 1 rs
CATALaG MC20IOCP 12 volt regulator P 1. SA ma., 200
#4 NUMBER DESCRIPTION 1,N C7e1SCP ISroll ~door M 1.5A ma. 2.00
7400 G,ao 2- tow
Po. SAND Sate 34
7402 Grad 2 -Input Pos NOR Gate
We have 2 time delay relays, similar, except that one has a 34

delay of 10 seconds, and the other has a variable delay from ii0 TrotlineyPo, [Link] .3 FIXED POWER SUPPLY KITS
7411 Thole amps. Po. ANO Gn. 34
3 to 10 seconds. Each relay is enclosed in a clear plastic case, 7413
7420
Dual NAND Schmitt Tugger
owl 4.1npue Pos. NAND Gate
,75
.42
[[Link] F0510 F1210 F1510
v,I,e 150-SOOHTI 105125v 105125r
with an octal base. We provide the octal socket. Relays operate 7ata
7473
CD To -Seven Segment Decodes/0
[Link] Flo Top
er 12
.et
204'20,,, Mpl"¢
,
Iva t 5% u,0:11
from 24 to 60 volts. The relays are DPDT, Potter & Brumfield 7475
DOM J
Grad Bmable Larch 85 Coo. Current IT. - 26' C1 1.5A M MaxII SA Mo. 1.1A B..-

.
'
7476 Dual J- K Mon Slave Flo -Flo, won PRICE 314.00 S1a.50 S14.80
KA series, with 10 Amp contacts. Time delay is solid state 7490
Preset
Deuá Cauntn
owClear .62
.92 INDEFINITE OTEGTIDN. No oleo. iro owed
with Unijunctin circuitry, all built into the plastic case. Provision 7492
7493
Ohio eye.. e Goan ter 92 0EIIa a. CAI [Link], CAA l..auaowr.

is made for adding external capacitance or resistance to change 4121

74192
4 Bit Bantry Counter
Mono table Hultnibrator
Pr,s07.05 Synch. Decade Up/Oow" Canter
92
.70

or increase the time delay Data sheet provided. 2 20

DISPLAY BEZELS
STOCK NO,P5229 Fixed delay (10 sec.) 2.95 ea. 2/5.00 CATALOG
FILTER _P
OIMENSHIL
Pools are
LIGHT EMITTING DISPLAYS
STOCK NO.P5230 3-10 second delay 3.95 ea, 2/7.00 I
90560
91060
Red
Red
250
255
137
100
poy,,,,,nna
DIODES .7 a, 99115060 Red 765 300 finis Firm
nee 2
Buy Monunte 92070,7 Arr. 270 400
mess Brand New HP and
1 T 4
AMPLIFIER 01520'
1

STEREO o Sorer Puce

ALL NITS NEW AND GUARANTEE D.
fors Pr me
ay.
h,.44
pe

Small 10 transistor STEREO AMP- room ~TON e 1

PRICE

1/1 I M 0
LIFIER complete, except for
is ANSI Green Centro., Anode ngnt nand decimal
Ceminm Anode. fight had decimal
3.00
325
speakers and small AC transformer. HP7751 Red Comm.., Anode, nyht-nand dermal -
SOCKETS TRIMMER
Red

Contains tone, balance and volume ...., w

Unworn
Comoro wee
3.25
3.25 5 ,,,,,Anion
controls. 6"x2rrxl'/A". 2 units make MF50B2 Red eI lea
nC T 1374
O
toe loth POTENTIO-
a quadraphonic amplifier. Makes a good basic unit for an Shone. ledcathoé:50nrA"". x tooTt a
METERS
intercom. The transformer for above is available. »
/^
NUMBER 5/Cu' oameter
OF PINS 590
STOCK NO.P522E $9.95 ea. '2/19.00 SEND Napdg,[Link] For
15 2s 6 moe,».
leorrner

250 !a
STOCK NO.P9713, Transformer for above. $1.50 fOR RESISTORS
16
1
2B
00
24

HIGH POWER TRANSFORMER64 volts ct @ ó volts, tapped S

VV\
TRANSFORMERS
@ 32 volts E amp, 1E volts ct @ 8 amp.
. 400 volts @ .15 amp.
,
1 ,P '.
CIRCUIT BOARDS 1u1 vÁL11900000

STOCK NO. P9905 wt. 10 lbs. 9.95 Ea. 11.95 ea. 2/22.00 POWER SUPPLIES
DIODES 5m
501(
1K 50 100
100K SOOK

16 PAGE INa001 851.00

Include sufficient postage; Excess refunded. Write for new EDGE CONNECTORS 1N
N4M 8
Ba4s1A0
IS1.00 L10
R[rua[
catalog 13, just of the press & loaded. CA1AL01G IDOPIVI
0/5200
>D 27 15

TERMS
An Hart pee.. Moo
TRACY DESIGN CORP.
DELTA
BOX
ELECTRONICS CO. SIX oo P 6 hereon. 15070 SCHAFFER . DETROIT. MI. asan, . 13131 838 2501

LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS 01903

1,
Phone (617) 388-4705
AO
CIRCLE NO. 37 ON READER SERVICE CARD
CIRCLE NO. 11 ON READER SERVICE CARD
100 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
[Link]
 or Quality
Popular Electronics HOME ENTERTAINMENT FILMS Electronic Components
SPFCIAI SAVINGS DISCOUNT ON LINEAR AND DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
Horn ,M ,oral 01 raw I.C. w .4,614 17500 omee oo for pxe,, 7.
ENJOY A GOOD FIGHT RIGHT AT HOME! All -Foreman lot $50.00 e rove. 10. 10 519010 w m4. 4.4.0 b9e aumlirl 4i,caw,n a11w9.

Championship -Watch the knockoutl 200' reel, $19.95 DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
JANUARY 1975 color; $9.95 B&W; Super 8 or Standard 8. We pay the 74009..255c 7437N.. 42.0c 74809.. 70.5c 74154N. 52.22
postage. Or the '74 Indy "500," just out, 200' Super 8 color 74015.. 255c 7438N.. 42.0c 74629.. 99.0c 741559. 51.17
only, $17.95 each plus 50 cents postage. Catalog, 25 cents. 74029.. 25 5c 7440N.. 25.5c 7483N.. 51.17 74156N. 51.14
74035,. 25 5c 7441N..
SPORTLITE, Elect. Dept. -2, 20 North Wacker Drive, 51.40 74855.. 51.40 74157N. 51.11
74045.. 30.0c 7442N.. 90.0c 74869.. 45.01
ADVERTISERS INDEX Chicago, Illinois 60606. 740514.. 30.0c 7445N.. 51.49 748919.. 54.47
74158N. $1.53
741609. 51.50
74069.. 480, 74465.. 51.14 7490N.. 66.0c 741615. $1.50
7407N.. 48.0, 74475.. 51.11 74915.. 741625. 51.50
RUBBER STAMPS 7408N.. 28.5, 74485.. 51.22
51.05
7492N.. 66.0c 74163N. 51.50
74099.. 28.5c 7450N. , 25.5c 7493N.. 66.0c 741645. 51.58
7410N.. 25.51 7451N.. 25.5c 7494N.. 51.10 74165N. 52.45
RUBBER address stamps. Free catalog. 45 type styles. 7411N.. 25.5c 7453N.. 25.5c 7495N.. 51.14 741669. 52.00
READER PAGE Jackson's, Box 443G, Franklin Park, Ill. 60131. 7413N.. 610c 7454N.. 25.5c 74965.. 51.14 741755. 51.00
SERVICE NO. ADVERTISER NUMBER 741694.. 465c 7459N.. 28.5c 741075. 45.0, 74180N. 51.17
MADE-TO-ORDER STAMPS. Low Prices. Free Catalog. Al-
7417N.. 46.5, 74605.. 25.5, 74121N. 46.5c 74181N. 53.42
legheny, Box 14A, East McKeesport, PA 15035. 7418N.. 3151 7470N.. 33.0c 74182N. 51.14
741225. 49.5c
7420N. . 25.5c 7472N.. 36.0c 74123N. 51.08 741929. 51.73
1 Adva Electronics 92 74215.. 25.51 7473N.. 43.5c 74193N. 51.73
BOOKS 7423N.. 72.0c 7474N.. 43.51
74141N. 51.10
741509. 51.53 741989. $2.75
2 Allison Automotive 81
74265.. 33.0c 7475N.. 69.0c 74151N. $1.17 74199N. $2.75
3 Altaj Electronics 95 74309.. 25.5c 7476N.. 46.5c 74153N. 51.17
FREE catalog aviation/electronic/space books. Aero
Ancrona Corp 97 LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
Publishers, 329PE Aviation Road, Fallbrook, California
39 Audio Warehouse Sales 81 555V MINIDIP TIMER 82.5c 558V MINIDIP DUAL AMP . 75.0,
92028. 565A DIP PLL 567V MINIDIP DECODER
53.38 53.38
FREE book prophet Elijah coming before Christ. Wonderful 709V MINIDIP OP AMP 36.01 723A DIP VOLTAGE REG [Link]
Bell & Howell Schools 62, 63, 64, 65 bible evidence. Megiddo Mission, Dept. 64, 481 Thurston 741V MINIDIP OP AMP 50.04 747A DIP DUAL AMP 97.5c
Rd., Rochester, N.Y. 14619. 748V MINIDIP OP AMP 42.0c .613900 DIP QUAD AMP 60.01
1129 5 VOLT REG 51.80 L130 12 VOLT REG 51.80
CREI Capitol Radio Engineering BOOKS -thousands titles, bargains. Catalog Free. 1131 15 VOLT REG $1.80

6
Institute
Cleveland Institute of
72 73, 74, 75 Cassiano, 92-27 New York Blvd., Jamaica, New York
11433.
-4oe
MINIATURE ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS
p AXIAL LEAD TYPE
a
- .. ,0'. la..,. rho. r
-r,.
ol 0.o 7,74 ,..7 0 79 e,
POPULAR ELECT RONICS INDEXES. Detailed and I 14 fit Uf0/166...-15, lk 7 ii, 330410,16V...
Electronics 18 19, 20, 21 1013/50704 10, 33 35c 25c ZK
complete subject indexes now available to both 1972 and 7.2 U113/SOV 14 12c I lc 33 100/259.... 17, 13, 12t 330 UfD/256. , 44, . 35, 32,
7 Clifford's Hi -Fi Wholesalers 12 1973 magazines. Hundreds of subject references to help
3.3 UID/35V - 14, 121 Ilt 471110,165.... 17c 14c 13, 470 41R5/169 ...37c 30, 27,
R) UiD/355 14, 121 IIt 47 1110/33/.... 19, Ik 14c 470 UI0/259.., 40, 394 35,
8 Cobra Product of Dynascan Corporation 2 you quickly find that special project, article, or product 104101166 II 12t IIt 103 98/)06...151 15 14, 1000U10/169 .. 494 39, 351
10 Uf0/25V 14, 12, II, 100 Uf0/25V ... 24, Ilk 17c IMO WO/23V .. ]5 60, 551
9 Continental Specialties Corp 7
test. 1972 and 1973 editions $1.00 each. INDEX, box 2228, n495í166..- 14, 12c IIt 72)110/16V 14, Ilk 17, 2208 1190/166 ..75, 60c 55,
Falls Church, Va. 22042. 720E0/259 ,13, 13c 12, 220810,259...33, 25, 241
10 Cook's Institute of Electronics
'I AMP SILICON RECTIFIERS
Engineering 14 104001 50 PIN 12/51 100/56 1000/548 194005 600 Ply 8/51 100/59 1000/570
PLASTICS 1N4007 1000 Ply 6/51 100/511 1000/188

11 Delta Electronics Co 100 SILICON SIGNAL & SWITCHING DIODE

IN4148 (15914 equiv.) 12/S1 100/57 1M/550 561/5220
12 Delta Products, Inc 69 CASTOLITE pours like water, hardens like glass without
heat. Crystal clear, colors. Embed flowers, seashells, MOLEX SOLDERCON IC TERMINALS
13 Digi-Key Corporation 101 100/51 500/54.20 1000/58.20 5000/538.20 50,000/5275
mementos, anything. Make fine gifts. Form flexible molds
over patterns of any shape, size. Reproduce your own LED 7 SEGMENT DISPLAYS
14 EICO 6 designs In plastics, candlewax, metal, plaster, cement. DATALIT-704 $1.00 DATALIT-707 .. 51.50 - ,

15 Edmund Scientific Co 102 Free Brochure. Or send $1.00 for Illustrated Manual, IC SOCKETS 4 AMP SLIDE SWITCHES
Catalog. Profitable. CASTOLITE, Dept. 75B/PE, 8 Pin DIP Solder 35c
SPOT... 12, 10/11 DPDT 25c 10/52
Woodstock, III. 60098. 14 Pin DIP Solder 45c REED RELAY
16 Greenlee Tool Co 79
16 Pin DIP Solder 50c 6 AMP CONTACT 5 VOLT/20MA COIL
24 Pin DIP Solder 51.25
REPAIRS AND SERVICES 52.00 10/515 100/5125

Heath Company 82 83, 84, 85

5
VOLTAGE REGUI ATORS 25 V. DISC CAPS
17 Illinois Audio 14
ELECTRONIC PROTOTYPE Models Built. Wire -Wrap, $ 1.80 ea. Value
.01....
.022...
I

Sc 3.5c
10 100
3c2.4c
1000

Hand solder, P.C. Boards. Engineering consultation and 1129 5V 600mA 6c 4c 3.5c 2.75c
18 International Electronics Unlimited 91
drafting service available. ACE Technical Services, 23-13 1.130 T2V 500mA 1 .047... 9c 6c 5.3c 4.25c
19 International Hifi Distributors 89 Steinway St., Astoria, N.Y. 11105. Phone: (212) 728-8284. L131 T5V 450mA i I
.1 121 9c 7.5c 6c

1/2 & 1/4 WATT CARBON COMP.

20 James Electronics 98 HYPNOTISM RESISTORS
33 Johnson Co., E F 15 5 each of the 85 standard 10% values (2.2-22M) 1/1W Resistors
(425 pcs.) Sorted by value 512/set 2-4 are 511/set 5-9 are 510/set.
SLEEP learning. Hypnotic method. 92% effective. Details 5 each of the 70 standard 10% values (10-5.6M) % W Resistors
21 Lafayette Radio Electronics 16 free. ASR Foundation, Box 23429EG, Fort Lauderdale, (350 pcs.) Sorted by volee 512/set 2-4 are 511/set 5-9 ore $10/set.
Florida 33307.
Resistors ah1. a 0.{)17ó)e iadiridoully, in other anroninenis
22 McIntosh Laboratory, Inc 87 FREE Hypnotism. Self -Hypnosis. Sleep Learning Catalog!
Drawer H400, Ruidoso, New Mexico 88345.
n boxes r f 1(7197 pcs. per roóve. yIP are /,171 mottled
23 MITS, Inc 26 MIL-K-IIF specifccation types.

24 Mallory & Co., P.R. SECOND COVER

AMAZING self-hypnosis record releases fantastic mental SILICON TRANSISTORS
power. Instant results! Free trial. Write: Forum (AA2), 333 9« 10.11 loo

North Michigan, Chicago 60601. EN918 ...T0.106 11 18.51 16.5c 253645 .. T6105 10 17.54 16.01
EN930 ... T6106 214 1854 1634 213646 ..TO -106 22c 19.04 17.íc
NRI Schools 8, 9, 10, 11 EN222 ...T6106 21, 18.5c 16.54 253904 .. 16 92 22e 19.01 1734
E923694 . T6106 2[1 18.5c 16.5, 253906 .. TO. 92 22c 19.0c 17.5,
National Technical Schools 52 53, 54, 55 STAMPS E52907. . . T6106 21c 18.5, 1634 2N4124 , . Ta 92 22c 19.0c 17.5c
1542712 .. T6 98 184 16.0c 1454 254126 . , 06 92 224 [Link] 17.k
1533914 TO 98 nc 19.04 17.51 254401 .. TO 97 72, [Link] 17.k
t`
.

253392 .. T6 98 nc 19.0c 17.51 J 254403 .. T6 92 nc 19.0, 17.5

25 OEMorsco 87 253393 .. TO. 98 22c 19.0c 17.5, Ir 265087 ..T6 92 nc 19.0c 17.5,
WOW! 110 ALL DIFFERENT GERMANY 10 CENTS. Com- 2143394 ..o9- 98 22c 19.0c 1754 2N50e9 .. Ta 92 22c 19.0c 17.5,
memoratives, Airmails, High Values, Big Catabg, bargain 253563 ..T6106 20, 17.5c 17.5 I 255129 . .16106 19c 17.0, [Link]
263565 .. T6106 204 17.5, 16.0, 255133 , .T0-106 19, 17.0, 15.0,
26 Pace Communications 71 lists. Also, line stamps from our approval service, which 253638 .. T6105 20, 17.51 16.01 255134 ..10.106 19c 17.0, 15.0c
27 Pickering & Co., Inc THIRD COVER you may return without purchases and cancbl service at 2N3638A . T6105 20, 17.51 16.0c . 2165137 .. T6106 19, 17.0, 15.0c
253640 T6106 22, 19.0, 16.0c 265138 .. 10106 19c 17.0c 15.0c
99
any time. Jamestown Stamp, Dept. A25EG, Jamestown, . .

..T6105 20, 17.5 17.5c 255139 16106 194 17.0c 15.0,

28 Poly Paks 1E43641 , .

N.Y. 14701. 253643 . . TC105 20, 17.5, 16.0, 253055 .. T6 3 S1.00 95.0c 85.0c

29 Radio Shack 5 FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS

DO-IT-YOURSELF MPf102 . 16 92 44 .380 350 265457.. 16 92 47 420 .375

30 SAE, Inc 71 NPIY DARLINGTON TRANSISTOR

31 Schober Organ Corp., The 12
TELEPHONES UNLIMITED, equipment, supplies. Catalog
MPS-A13. Te- 92 7417. DC Current Go,n of 5.000 o, IOrnA. .36 .320 .290
50 cents. Box 1654E, Costa Mesa, Calif. 92626.
32 Shure Brothers Inc 13 Send for Free Catalog or Mail Readers
34 Solid State Sales 96
MISCELLANEOUS Service Card
35 Southwest Technical Products Corporation 1 COD ORDERS ACCEPTED FOR SAME DAY SHIPMENT
CALL 218-681-6674

36 Technics by Panasonic FOURTH COVER WINEMAKERS: Free Illustrated catalog yeasts, equipment. Orders Less than 510.00 odd 50c Service Charge -Others Postpaid
31 Tracy Design Corp 100
Semplex, Box 12276P, Minneapolis, Minn. 55412. !' -Only (jualit y Coo/pollen fá Sold
QUIT SMOKING! Multi -colored Illustrated Book Reveals
38 Tri-Star Corp 79
How...lncludes PRE-PAID Magazine Subscription Applica- DIGI-KEY CORPORATION
tion, $1.50. Guaranteed. Communique, Box 1988-E, Holly- P.O. Box 126 Thief River Falls, MN 56701.)
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING 91, 92, 96, 98, 100, 101 wood, CA 90028.
CIRCLE NO. 13 ON READER SERVICE CARD
FEBRUARY 1975 101

[Link]
 LIVE IN THE WORLD
OF TOMORROW ...TODAY!'' ,3 -CHANNEL COLOR ORGAN KIT
And our FREE 180 PAGE CATALOG is packed with to build low-cost kit needs no
Easy

and science items -

exciting and unusual values in electronic, hobby
plus 4,500 finds. for fun, study
or profit ... for every member of the. family.
°.. technical knowledge. Completed unit
has 3 bands of audio frequencies to mod-
ulate 3 independent strings of colored lamps
(i.e. "lows" -reds, "middles"-greens, "highs" -
blues. Just connect hi-fi, radio, power
A BETTER LIFE lamp etc. & plug ea. lamp string into
own channel (max. 300w ea.). Kit features 3 neon indicators, color intensity

STARTS HERE controls, controlled individ SCR circuits; isolation transformer; custom plastic
housing; instr.
Stock No. 41,831AV $18.95 Ppd

TEST YOUR DEGREE OF ESP!

AM RADIO FITS IN/ON YOUR EAR!
?7
Which light comes on when you push the
button-Star, Square, Triangle or Circle? If 1
you've got ESP you or your subject will guess
right, significantly. Solid state ESP Tester
Ó; Wear it inconspicuouslyeverywhere, listen as
has guaranteed random circuit for you work (lawn, yard, office), watch (game,
accuracy-you can't beat the machine by Pf. 0t beach) or wait. Instant music, news sports.
No gimmick, our 6/10 oz. technological won-
memorizing! Run classic ESP, precognition,
Probability, telepathy experiments. Portable.
r s
a
- der has integrated circuit, 11 transistors,
-

Req. 4 "D" batt. patented ferrite antenna/tuner/volume dial.

,-14

No. 72,090AV ...

(61/4x33/4x2") Uses normal sibler oxide hearing aid batt.
$29.95 Ppd.
(incl) for approx. 100 hrs. playing. New batt. to slip in avail. at drug stores (about
-

EXTRA PADS TO RECORD 250 EXPERIMENTS

Stock No. 72,092AV $3.50 Ppd. 50y). No lengthy wires, bulky cases, or power -packs!
Stock No. 42,275AV $14.95 Ppd.

- - KNOW YOUR ALPHA FROM THETA!

"FISH" WITH A MAGNET
For greater relaxation, concentration, listen to
I your Alpha -Theta brainwaves. Ultra -sensitive
Go treasure hunting on the bottom! Fascinat- electrode headband slips on/off in seconds -
ing fun & sometimes profitable! Tie a line to eliminates need for messy creams, etc. Atch'd
our powerful new specially designed 150 lb. to amplif ier, filters brainwaves, signals beep for
pull PVC coated Magnet-drop it overboard in Saw.. ea. Alpha or Theta wave passed. Monitoring
bay, river, lake or ocean. Troll it along button stimulates Alpha sound; audio & visual
bottom-your "treasured" haul can be out- (L. E. D.) feedback. Reliable, easy -to -use unit comparable to costlier models. Com-
board motors, anchors, other metal valu- pletely safe. Comprehensive instruction booklet.
ables. Has 6 stacked ceramic magnets. Lifts No. 1635AV (8x3x4 ; 24. oz.) $134.50 Ppd.
over 150 lbs. under water! LOW COST "STARTER" UNIT
No. 71,135AV ... (3-1/403-7/8") $17.50 Ppd. No. 71809AV $55.00 Ppd.
75 -LB. PULL (1 LB) W/ 3 CERAMIC MAGNETS
No. 71,150AV ... (1-11/16x3.1/4") $11.00 Ppd. DELUXE "ON" TIME MONITOR-Measures and records
No. 1652AV ....
(1501006') $349.50 Ppd.

NEW! KIRLIAN WHICH ARE YOUR CRITICAL DAYS?

PHOTOGRAPHY KIT!

-.'
Experiment in the fascinating new 1S?". Can Bio-rhythm tell you? We're not sure, but
field of "Kirlian electrophotography-" we're told that vast mood shifts are caused by
images obtained on film without (111 ah your body's Internal Time Clock whose
camera or lens by direct record- rhythms can be charted ahead to possibly
ing of electric charge transmitted by át1 warn you of "critical" days. Some are great,
animate & inanimate objects. Each some blah. Maybe it's your physical, emo-
"aura" differs-animate aura said to tional & Intellectual rhythms converging at
change corresponding to physical changes. Kit incls. portable darkroom, double ° the right or wrong time. Compute your cycles
transformer isolated from power source; instrs. with our Bio-rhythm kit and judge for your-
Stock No. 71,938AV $49.95 Ppd. self. Incls Charting kit, metal Dialgraft Calc.,
SEE instrs.
"HIGH VOLTAGE PHOTOGRAPHY" by H.S. °akin
Na. 9129AV. (60 -PG. PAPERBACK BOOK) $5.00 Ppd. FEATURE ARTICLE Stock No. 71,949AV $11.50 Ppd.
DELUXE KIRLIAN PHOTOGRAPHY SET 1 YR. PERSONALIZED REPORT BY COMPUTER
No. 72,053AV $399.00 Ppd. JANUARY 1975 Stock No. 19,200AV...(send Birthdate) $15.95. Ppd.

GET A CHARGE 3" ASTRONOMICAL

REFLECTING TELESCOPE
FROM THE SUN! stars, moon, planets close-up!
See
Our 12V Solar Battery Charger allows 30 to 90X. Famous Mt. Palomar Type.
direct conversion of light -to -electricity. Aluminized & overcoated 3" diameter
Compact panel put on a boat can f/10 primary mirror, ventilated cell. Fork type
automatically charge its 12V battery equatorial mount. Durable PVC tube. In-
over entire daylight period. Use any- cludes 1" F.L. 30X Ramsden, Barlow
where for a trickle charge. Big value, lens to triple power, 3X finder
it comprises 30 V2V silicon solar cells in telescopes, hardwood tripod. FREE: "STAR CHART", "HOW TO USE" book.
series w/diode. Stock No. 85,240 AV $49.95 Ppd.
No. 71,971AV (AB, 30 W-HRS./WK.) $89.95 Ppd. DELUXE 3" REFLECTOR TELESCOPE #80,162AV $79.95 Ppd.
9 x 18" HI CURRENT MODEL (6W, 12V, 500 mA) 41/4" REFLECTOR (45X to 135X) #85,105AV $149.50 FOB
No. 72,010AV (AB. 150 W-HRS./WK.) $349.95 Ppd. 4Yá' REFLECTOR W/CLOCK DRIVE ........#85,107AV $189.50 FOB
6 o 6' LO VOLTAGE MODEL (1.5V, .38W, 250 mA)
No. 42,172AV
6' REFLECTOR (48X to 360X) #85,187AV $249.50 FOB.
$49.95 Ppd.
6" REFLECTOR W/CLOCK DRIVE #85,086AV $285.00 FOB

MAIL COUPON FOR COMP'LETE'* MAIL 'WITH CHECK OR M.O,

GIANT FREE EDMUND SCIENTIFIC CO.
How Many Stock No
300 Edscorp Building, Barrington, N.J. 08007
Description ' Price loch Total

CATALOG!
'WO PAGES MORE THAN

4500 UNUSUAL
BARGAINS
Completely new 1975 edition. New items, categories,illustrations. Dozens
of electrical and electromog tic ports, accessories. normous selection of
PLEASE SEND
GIANT FREE
CATALOG "AV"
Astronomical Telescopes. Unique lighting and ecological items. Mi-
croscopes. Binoculars, Magnifiers, Magnets, Lenses, Prisms. Hard to get
surplus bargains. Ingenious scientific tools. 1000's of components. Add Handling Chg.: $1.00, Orders Under $5.00, 50C, Orders Over $5.00
EDMUND SCIENTIFIC CO. X30 DAY" I enclose check ['money order for $ TOTAL $
700 (encore Building, Barrington, N. I. 011007 MONEY -BACK
Please rush Free Giant Catalog "AV" GUARANTEE NAME
YOU MUST BE SATiaFiED
Name OR RETURN ANY PUR-
1 CHASE IN 70 Dons
FOR FULL REFUND ADDRESS
Address,
City State, Zip

CIRCLE NO. 15 ON READER SERVICE CARD

CITY STATE ZIP
J
102 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
[Link]
 DISCRETE 4 -CHANNEL
UV -15 2400 0 I UV -15 2000
DCF 2400 . DCF 2000

,Ls."00
u

MANUAL

[Link] I OD nTMOnuIATOn O I IMANUAL/AUTOMATIC The right PICKERING

STEREO AND MATRIX cartridge flor your
XV-151200E
DCF 1200 DCF 750
XV-15750E
equipment is the
best cartridge
money can buy.
They feature low frequency tracking
and high frequency tracing ability*!
MANUALTRANSCRIPTION
TU

Pickering offers you "The Best of Both Worlds" in

AmoMA
únTTrt:é [AO<TTÓM
discrete 4 -channel and in stereo cartridges. These car-
tridges have been specifically designed and engineered
not only to peak specifications and performance charac-
XV-15400E . XV-15350 teristics, but also to achieve total compatability with your
DCF 400 ; DCF 350 -
music system to help you get the most out of it.
Only Pickering has developed a way for you to be
absolutely certain you select the fright" cartridge for your
music system. We did it first for stereo by developing our
Dynamic Coupling Factor rating system-DCF for short-
which identifies pick-up performance in terms of a quan-
titative measurement. The value of a DCF rating lies not
only in its merit to define low frequency tracking ability
but also in its measure as an index of high frequency (8
MANUAL
to 50 kHz) tracing ability. Pickering's DCF-rated pick-ups
have. exceptional high frequency tracing characteristics,
-71 vital for both stereo and discrete 4 -channel performance.
AUTOMATIC TURNTABLES
The Pickering cartridge exactly "right" for maximum per-
formance with your equipment is simple to select because
. XV-15200E XV-15150 of this rating method.
DCF 200 DCF 150 Now, Pickering is also applying application engineer-
ing techniques and DCF ratings to its discrete cartridges.
^.401-~ They fulfill the stringent requirements necessitated by the
sophisticated nature of discrete discs.
So, whether stereo or discrete is your preference,
choose from "The Best of Both Worlds" the Pickering
s .' cartridge exactly right for your equipment.
For further information write to Pickering & Co., Inc.
Dept. PE, 101 Sunnyside Blvd., Plainview, New York 11803
Íi TM

XV-15140E .XV-15100

te PICKERING
DCF 140 DCF 100 ?

"for those who can [hear the difference"

,r-
CHANGER

CIRCLE NO. 27 ON READER SERVICE CARD

[Link]
 t
-r

Introducing the SL-1300.

The precision of direct drIvé
The convenience of automation..
Now Technics adds convenience to perfection. while maintaining flawless balance.
The SL-1300. The fourth and newest Technics Our anti -skating control requires only one scale
direct -drive turntable. And the first with con- for all types of styli. While gold-plated contacts in
venient, fully automatic operation.. the head shell assure reliable contact and help
Auto -Start. Auto - WOW & FLUTTER
prevent hum.
0.03% WRMS
Stop. Auto -Return. And we haven't forgotten
RUMBLE -50dB (DIN A), -70c (DIN B)
Auto -Repeat. And LONG-TERM DRIFT Less than 0.1% (over 30 min.)
the more refined details. Like
the kind of outstand- MIN. STYLUS PRESSURE 0.25 grams Memo -Repeat. So you can play '
ing specifications TRACKING ERROR ±1.6°
a record from one to five times.
that are normally Or indefinitely. There's also a ;,
found only in a manual turntable. new prism. strobe. Two -speed variable pitch controls.
The SL -1300, like all Technics turntables, Dust cover. Feedback -insulated legs. And low
uses our electronically controlled DC motor. capacitance phono cables for CD -4 records.
But with an improvement. The platter is part of The concept is simple. The execution is precise. The
the motor. Making the drive even more direct. performance is outstanding. The name is Technics.
It also reduces parts, increases reliability and 200 PARK AVE., NEW YORK, N.Y. 10017. FOR YOUR NEAREST AUTHORIZED
produces an ultra -thin profile. TECHNICS [Link],CALLTOLL FREE 800 447-4700. IN ILLINOIS, 800 322-4400.

chnics
The gimbal -suspended automatic arm is
9k", pivot to stylus. For extremely low
tracking error. And íts four pairs of pivot
bearings increase the rotational sensitivity
by Panasonic
-
-1.44-1"«"'~~4,4~-....
7 +- ,., t
-
^`__
--.Z-,q,.,,;n.._-f r- . -``;
rjr

10-"~:r
`
ti-'
:: v -
_ .` .
4o'OvI_`Oú
UJ`itiu+iSllo
-
-----

_
.

`
d!

. r "
"Y"......

¡-

3
i`4.= ir
- r'_T=._ t
1''

-----"`---
ó'¢

__,t`_----a
,------
-
-
..W
h

.-o-

00,`--
R°L
.
. _

T----cT:-eo 0 -'3"...177-C
-7-10v
o
---'1:=Ref`FigE34-oH texoea
[Link]