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Friction Loss Tables

Friction Losses in Pipe Fittings
Resistance Coefficient K (use in formula hf = Kv2/2g)

Nominal Pipe Size

Fitting LD 1/2" 3/4" 1 1-1/4" 1-1/2" 2 2-1/2"-3 4 6 8-10 12-16 18-24

K Value

Angle Valve 55 1.48 1.38 1.27 1.21 1.16 1.05 0.99 0.94 0.83 0.77 0.72 0.66
Angle Valve 150 4.05 3.75 3.45 3.30 3.15 2.85 2.70 2.55 2.25 2.10 1.95 1.80
Ball Valve 3 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04
Butterfly Valve             0.86 0.81 0.77 0.68 0.63 0.35 0.30
Gate Valve 8 0.22 0.20 0.18 0.18 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.10
Globe Valve 340 9.2 8.5 7.8 7.5 7.1 6.5 6.1 5.8 5.1 4.8 4.4 4.1
Plug Valve Branch Flow 90 2.43 2.25 2.07 1.98 1.89 1.71 1.62 1.53 1.35 1.26 1.17 1.08
Plug Valve Straightaway 18 0.48 0.45 0.41 0.40 0.38 0.34 0.32 0.31 0.27 0.25 0.23 0.22
Plug Valve 3-Way Thru-Flow 30 0.81 0.75 0.69 0.66 0.63 0.57 0.54 0.51 0.45 0.42 0.39 0.36
90° 30 0.81 0.75 0.69 0.66 0.63 0.57 0.54 0.51 0.45 0.42 0.39 0.36
45° 16 0.43 0.40 0.37 0.35 0.34 0.30 0.29 0.27 0.24 0.22 0.21 0.19
Standard Elbow
long radius
16 0.43 0.40 0.37 0.35 0.34 0.30 0.29 0.27 0.24 0.22 0.21 0.19
90°
Close Return Bend 50 1.35 1.25 1.15 1.10 1.05 0.95 0.90 0.85 0.75 0.70 0.65 0.60
Thru-Flow 20 0.54 0.50 0.46 0.44 0.42 0.38 0.36 0.34 0.30 0.28 0.26 0.24
Standard Tee
Thru-Branch 60 1.62 1.50 1.38 1.32 1.26 1.14 1.08 1.02 0.90 0.84 0.78 0.72
r/d=1 20 0.54 0.50 0.46 0.44 0.42 0.38 0.36 0.34 0.30 0.28 0.26 0.24
r/d=2 12 0.32 0.30 0.28 0.26 0.25 0.23 0.22 0.20 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.14
r/d=3 12 0.32 0.30 0.28 0.26 0.25 0.23 0.22 0.20 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.14
r/d=4 14 0.38 0.35 0.32 0.31 0.29 0.27 0.25 0.24 0.21 0.20 0.18 0.17
r/d=6 17 0.46 0.43 0.39 0.37 0.36 0.32 0.31 0.29 0.26 0.24 0.22 0.20
90 Bends,
Pipe Bends, r/d=8 24 0.65 0.60 0.55 0.53 0.50 0.46 0.43 0.41 0.36 0.34 0.31 0.29
Flanged Elbows,
Butt-Welded r/d=10 30 0.81 0.75 0.69 0.66 0.63 0.57 0.54 0.51 0.45 0.42 0.39 0.36
Elbows
r/d=12 34 0.92 0.85 0.78 0.75 0.71 0.65 0.61 0.58 0.51 0.48 0.44 0.41
r/d=14 38 1.03 0.95 0.87 0.84 0.80 0.72 0.68 0.65 0.57 0.53 0.49 0.46
r/d=16 42 1.13 1.05 0.97 0.92 0.88 0.80 0.76 0.71 0.63 0.59 0.55 0.50
r/d=18 45 1.24 1.15 1.06 1.01 0.97 0.87 0.83 0.78 0.69 0.64 0.60 0.55
r/d=20 50 1.35 1.25 1.15 1.10 1.05 0.95 0.90 0.85 0.75 0.70 0.65 0.60
a=0° 2 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02
a=15° 4 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05
a=30° 8 0.22 0.20 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.10
Mitre Bends a=45° 15 0.41 0.38 0.35 0.33 0.32 0.29 0.27 0.26 0.23 0.21 0.20 0.18
a=60° 25 0.68 0.63 0.58 0.55 0.53 0.48 0.45 0.43 0.38 0.35 0.33 0.30
a=75° 40 1.09 1.00 0.92 0.88 0.84 0.76 0.72 0.68 0.60 0.56 0.52 0.48
a=90° 60 1.62 1.50 1.38 1.32 1.26 1.14 1.08 1.02 0.90 0.84 0.78 0.72
Note: Fittings are standard with full openings.

Minimum Nominal Pipe Size

Velocity for
Fitting L/D Full Disc Lift 1/2" 3/4" 1 1-1/4" 1-1/2" 2 2-1/2"-3 4 6 8-10 12-16 18-24

General Water
K Value
ft/sec ft/sec

100 35 4.40 2.70 2.50 2.30 2.20 2.10 1.90 1.80 1.70 1.50 1.40 1.30 1.20
Swing Check Valve
50 48 6.06 1.40 1.30 1.20 1.10 1.10 1.00 0.90 0.90 0.75 0.70 0.65 0.60
Lift Check Valve 600 40 5.06 16.2 15.0 13.08 13.2 12.6 11.4 10.8 10.2 9.0 8.4 7.8 7.2
 Minimum Nominal Pipe Size
Velocity for
Full Disc Lift 1/2" 3/4" 1 1-1/4" 1-1/2" 2 2-1/2"-3 4 6 8-10 12-16 18-24
Fitting L/D
General Water
K Value
ft/sec ft/sec

55 140 17.7 1.50 1.40 1.30 1.20 1.20 1.10 1.00 0.94 0.83 0.77 0.72 0.66
5 80 10.13           0.76 0.72 0.68 0.60 0.56 0.39 0.24
Tilting Disc Check Valve
15 30 3.80           2.30 2.20 2.00 1.80 1.70 1.20 0.72
Foot Valve with Strainer
420 15 1.90 11.3 10.5 9.70 9.30 8.80 8.00 7.60 7.10 6.30 5.90 5.50 5.0
Poppet Disc
Foot Valve with Strainer
75 35 4.43 2.00 1.90 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.40 1.40 1.30 1.10 1.10 1.00 0.90
Hinged Disc

All Pipe Sizes

Fitting Description
K Value

Projecting
Pipe Exit Sharp-Edged 1.00
Rounded
Pipe Entrance Inward Projecting 0.78
Sharp-Edged 0.50
r/d=0.02 0.28
r/d=0.04 0.24
Pipe Entrance Flush
r/d=0.06 0.15
r/d=0.10 0.09
r/d<0.14 0.04

The K values given below are for making estimates of friction loss in cases not covered in the previous tables.

Type of Fitting K Value

Disk or Wobble Meter 3.4 - 10

Rotary Meter (Star or Cog-Wheel Piston) 10
Reciprocating Piston Meter 15
Turbine Wheel (Double-Flow) Meter 5 - 7.5
Bends w/Corrugated Inner Radius 1.3 - 1.6 times value for smooth bend
Example: Determine L (friction loss in pipe fittings in terms of equivalent length
in feet of straight pipe).
Assume a 6" angle valve for Schedule 40 pipe size.
Select the appropriate K value for such and select D and f for Schedule 40 pipe
from the table below where K is the pipe diameter in feet.
Pipe Size Pipe Size Pipe Size Pipe Size
D D D D
Inches f Inches f Inches f Inches f
feet feet feet feet
Sch. 40 Sch. 40 Sch. 40 Sch. 40
1/2" 0.0518 0.027 2-1/2" 0.2058 0.018 10 0.8350 0.014 24 1.8857 0.012
3/4" 0.0687 0.025 3 0.2557 0.018 12 0.9948 0.013 30 2.3333 0.011
1 0.0874 0.023 4 0.3355 0.017 14 1.0937 0.013 36 2.8333 0.011
1-1/4" 0.1150 0.022 5 0.4206 0.016 16 1.250 0.013 42 3.3333 0.010
1-1/2" 0.1342 0.021 6 0.5054 0.015 18 1.4063 0.012 48 3.8333 0.010
2 0.1723 0.019 8 0.6651 0.014 20 1.5678 0.012

Friction Loss of Water in Pipe Fittings in Terms of Equivalent

Length - Feet of Straight Pipe
Actual Gate Long Sth Sth Swing Angle Globe 90°Welding
inside Friction valve radius tee tee Close check valve valve Mitre bend
Nominal 90° Butter- elbow
diameter factor - 90° or - - return valve - -
pipe size elbow fly valve
inches f full 45° sth thru branch bend - full full
d open elbow flow flow full open open valve r/d = 1 r/d = 2 45° 90°

1/2" .622 .027 .41 1.55 .83 1.04 3.11 2.59 5.18 7.78 17.6
3/4" .824 .025 .55 2.06 1.10 1.37 4.12 3.43 6.86 10.3 23.3
1 1.049 .023 .70 2.62 1.40 1.75 5.25 4.37 8.74 13.1 29.7          
1-1/4" 1.380 .022 .92 3.45 1.84 2.30 6.90 5.75 11.5 17.3 39.1
1-1/2" 1.610 .021 1.07 4.03 2.15 2.68 8.05 6.71 13.4 20.1 45.6
2 2.067 .019 1.38 5.17 2.76 3.45 10.3 8.61 17.2 25.8 58.6 7.75 3.45 2.07 2.58 10.3
2-1/2" 2.469 .018 1.65 6.17 3.29 4.12 12.3 10.3 20.6 30.9 70.0 9.26 4.12 2.47 3.08 12.3
3 3.068 .018 2.04 7.67 4.09 5.11 15.3 12.8 25.5 38.4 86.9 11.5 5.11 3.07 3.84 15.3
4 4.026 .017 2.68 10.1 5.37 6.71 20.1 16.8 33.6 50.3 114 15.1 6.71 4.03 5.03 20.1
5 5.047 .016 3.36 12.6 6.73 8.41 25.2 21.0 42.1 63.1 143 18.9 8.41 5.05 6.31 25.2
6 6.065 .015 4.04 15.2 8.09 10.1 30.3 25.3 50.5 75.8 172 22.7 10.1 6.07 7.58 30.3
8 7.981 .014 5.32 20.0 10.6 13.3 39.9 33.3 33.3 99.8 226 29.9 13.3 7.98 9.98 39.9
10 10.02 .014 6.68 25.1 13.4 16.7 50.1 41.8 41.8 125 284 29.2 16.7 10.0 12.5 50.1
12 11.938 .013 7.96 29.8 15.9 19.9 59.7 49.7 49.7 149 338 34.8 19.9 11.9 14.9 59.7
14 13.124 .013 8.75 32.8 17.5 21.8 65.6 54.7 54.7 164 372 38.3 21.8 13.1 16.4 65.6
 Friction Loss of Water in Pipe Fittings in Terms of Equivalent
Length - Feet of Straight Pipe
Actual Gate Long Sth Sth Swing Angle Globe 90°Welding
inside Friction valve radius tee tee Close check valve valve Mitre bend
Nominal 90° Butter- elbow
diameter factor - 90° or - - return valve - -
pipe size elbow fly valve
inches f full 45° sth thru branch bend - full full
d open elbow flow flow full open open valve r/d = 1 r/d = 2 45° 90°

16 15.00 .013 10.0 37.5 20.0 25.0 75.0 62.5 25.0 15.0 18.8 75.0
62.5 188 425 31.3
18 16.876 .012 16.9 42.2 22.5 28.1 84.4 70.3 28.1 16.9 21.1 84.4
70.3 210 478 35.2
20 18.814 .012 12.5 47.0 25.1 31.4 94.1 78.4 31.4 18.8 23.5 94.1
78.4 235 533 39.2
24 22.628 0.12 15.1 56.6 30.2 37.7 113 94.3 37.7 22.6 28.3 113
94.3 283 641 47.1
30 28 .011 18.7 70 37.3 46.7 140 117 46.7 28 35 140
36 34 .011 22.7 85 45.3 56.7 170 142 56.7 34 43 170
42 40 .010 26.7 100 53.3 66.7 200 167         66.7 40 50 200
48 46 .010 30.7 115 61.3 76.7 230 192 76.7 46 58 230
1/2" to 6
= 100
L/D 8 30 16 20 60 50 150 340   20 12 15 60
24 to 48
=50

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