POLICY 2008 INISTRY OF POWER ema CYTop view of Tehri Dam of THDCContents Ps 6 7 PARTICULARS PAGE No. ‘THE NEED FOR PROMOTING HYDRO POWER OBJECTIVES OF THE HYDRO POWER POLICY HYDRO POTENTIAL AND DEVELOPMENT STATUS 34 3.2 33 34 35 36 37 3.8 39 Power Sector Development A graphical representation of the growth profile ‘The generation growth rates achieved during X Plan ‘The Hydro Power Potential First Survey (1953-59) Re-assessment Studies (1978-87) Status of Hydro Development Schemes in Operation Hydro Share PLANWISE GROWTH OF HYDRO POWER 10 4a 42 Plan wise growth of hydro power in the total installed capacity Plan wise hydro capacity targets and achievements ‘THE HYDRO POWER CAPACITY ADDITION 2 ENVISAGED FOR 11TH AND 12TH PLAN PERIODS 5a 52 53 54 11" Plan Capacity Addition Programme Approach to selection of hydro projects for 11" Plan ‘Advance action for capacity addition in the 12" Plan Long term plan for hydro development BASIN WISE DEVELOPMENT OF HYDRO POTENTIAL 16 POLICY INITIATIVES TAKEN FOR INCREASING 20 ‘THE HYDRO CAPACITY i) ii) itt iy) y) Blectricity Act - 2003 National Water Policy, 2005 National Electricity Policy National Rehabilitation & Resettlement Policy, 2007, Provisions for Mega Power Projects INCREASING ROLE OF PRIVATE SECTOR IN HYDROPOWER 26 DEVELOPMENT NEED FOR NEW HYDRO POLICY 7 9.1 Problems of Hydro projects with Tariff-based bidding 9.2. Resettlement & Rehabilitation Issues 9.3 Financeents Con No. 94 95 96 97 98 99 PARTICULARS River Basin Development PAGE No. Institutional Mechanism for Co-ordination among Developers in a basin Model Contract Documents ‘Ultra Mega Power Project (UMPP) model for Hydro projects, Need for Data Capacity Building and Human Resources Development 10, SALIENT FEATURES OF THE NEW HYDRO POWER POLICY 1, OTHERMEASURESFORPROMOTING HYDRO POWER DEVELOPMENT ‘11.1 Promoting Small and Mini Hydel Projects 11.2 Three stage approval procedure for CPSUs 11.3 Simplified Procedures for Transfer of Clearances 114 Technical & Safety standards specified by the Authority 11.5 Environmental & Forest Clearance of Hydro Projects 111.6 Renovation & Modernization of hydro electric power stations 11.7 Utilization of fly ash for construction of Hydro Projects sepENDK:-salient features ofthe approved R&R provisions for Hydro Power projects ANNEXURE Ja 1b 2 3a 3b 3¢ 3d 4a 4b 4c Status of Hydro Blectric Potential Development Pumped Storage Schemes Identified in 1987 Hydro Schemes in Operation Ste mnswise Installed Capacity of H.E. Stations in Pvt. Sector ILE, Projects Under Construction in Pvt. Sector HLE, Schemes allocated by States in Pvt. Sector yet to be taken up for construction HLE, Schemes proposed to be offered by States in Pvt. Sector Constitution of a Sub-Committee of the Group of Ministers on power sector issues Constitution of Task Force on Hydro Project Development, Constitution of a Task Force for development of Model Contract, Documents for accelerated developments of Hydro Power Projects Amendment of the Tariff Policy. 33 38 45 48 50 31 66 o 70 7 ™ 7 80FOREWORD Sushilkumar Shinde Union Power Minister While on the one hand, we are under tremendous pressure for quick capacity addition, tomeet the rising demand for power, on the other hand there is a global concern on the Green House Gas (GHG) emissions by coal based power plants. In the face of this, we have to make the most appropriate choice of technology and fuel. Weare blessed with avast hydro potential in the country. This environmentally benign source of energy is capable of providing clean and environment friendly energy at affordable rates. ‘The energy generated from these projects not only helps in bridging the demand supply gap, but also boosts the economic development of the people of the region. The development of these projects also provides employment opportunities and raises the income generation potential for those residing in the vicinity. In the past, several problems have impeded the development of hydro power and from time to time the Government has been taking policy initiatives to solve these problems. The New Hydro Policy recently approved by the Cabinet in Jan' 2008, is a major step in this direction. This policy seeks to balance the competing demands of all the stakeholders namely the developers, the State Governments, the consumers and most importantly the project affected people. Tam sure this New Hydro Policy-2008 would act as a catalyst in providing impetus to Hydro Power development. LK (Sushilkumar Shinde)FOREWORD Jairam Ramesh Union Minister of State for Power Hydro power is our richest renewable, and environmentally benign source of energy. Hydro power stations have the inherent ability of instantaneous starting, stopping, managing load variations and help in improving the reliabi formeetingthe peak demand. of the power system. Technically, hydro stations are the best choice In addition, the generation cost of hydro power is almost ‘inflation free’ and infact it actually reduces over time, Hydroelectric projects have long useful life in some cases extending even beyond a 100 years. These projects help in conserving scarce fossil fuels and are also beneficial to the environment as they substitute thermal power thereby reducing carbon emissions. Moreover, construction of these projects and particularly the supporting infrastructure so created helps in the opening up avenues for development for these remote and backward regions. India has an estimated hydro potential of about 1,50,000 MW of which only about 35,220 MW has been harnessed so far, 45 Hydro projects aggregating to about 15,365 MW are presently under construction and another 120 projects aggregating to a capacity of 48,624 MW are under various stages of survey and investigation, The bulk of the potential yet to be developed is along the Himalayas i.e. in the hill States of J&K, H.P., Uttarakhand and the North East more particularly, Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim. It is, therefore, imperative that development of this vast potential in the Himalayan States, particularly the North-Eastern Region, is taken up expeditiously with the twin objectives of economic development of these special category states as well as providing power to the deficit regions ofthe country, am sure that the liberal provisions of this New Hydro Policy would provide the private sector players alevel playing field and induce larger private investments in development of Hydro Power projects. ee E>FOREWORD ‘Anil Razdan Secretary, Ministry of Power While tariff based competitive bidding remains the most preferred option for procurement of power, recognizing the fact that hydro project construction, particularly in the Northeast, involves huge risks and uncertainties, we have attempted, through this policy, to provide a level playing field to private sector hydro power developers. They can now avail of the benefits of tariff determination under section 62 of the Electricity Act 2003, at par with the CPSUs. However, while doing so due are has been exercised to ensure that additional costs, if any, incurred by the developer, beyond those permitted in the policy, would not be allowed asa pass through in tariff to the consumers, It has also been recognized that Resettlement & Rehabilitation have to go beyond mere compensation for loss of assets and livelihood. The proposed Policy aims at providing a higher living standard to the Project Affected People by making them long term beneficiary stake-holders in the project. We have now agreed that from these hydro power projects, an additional 1% free power over and above the 12% meant for host states, would be earmarked for local area development with a matching 1% expected to come from the State Government's share of 12% free power. This would provide a regular stream of revenue aimed at providing income generation and welfare schemes and creating additional infrastructure and common facilities for the project affected people on a sustained and continued basis. With these revenue benefits it is hoped that the residents of the project affected areas would look forward to early commissioning of the projects which would provide a major input for the sustained development of the area. We have also enabled a framework for involving the project developer in providing electricity to the ocal population in the vicinity of the project area am sure the provisions of this policy would not only spur private sector investments in hydto power development butalso garner support ofthe local population to assist in timely completion of hydro projects. hee “ (Anil Razdan)[E NEED FOR PROMOTING si .O POWER Hydro Power is our richest renewable and environmentally benign source of energy. Hydro power stations have the inherent ability for instantaneous starting, stopping and managing Toad variations which helps in improving reliability of the power system. Hydro stations are a natural choice for meeting the peak demand. The generation cost is inflation free and in fact reduces over time. A hydroelectric project has a long useful life extending to well ‘over 50 years and helps in conserving scarce fossil fuels. Development of hydro power projects also provides the added advantage of ‘opening up avenues for development of remote and backward regions of the country. Our country is endowed with an enormous hydro power potential, last assessed to be about 84,000 MW at 60% load factor, which translates t01,48,700 MW in terms of installed capacity. In addition to the above, 6,782 MW of installed capacity has been assessed from small, mini and. micro hydel schemes (i.e schemes of capacity up to 25 MW). storage sites, with an aggregate installed capacity of 94,000 MW, have also been identified. Further, 56 potential pumped Despite being recognized as a relatively benign and renewable source of energy, the share of hydro power in the overall generating capacity in the country has been steadily declining since D>1963. The hydro share has declined from 44 per cent in 1970 to about 26 per cent in 2007. Several constraints have affected the pace of hydro power development. These have been technical (such as inadequate geological investigations, outdated tunneling methods), financial (such as non availability of long term financing and viability of tariff) and managerial (inadequate contract management expertise) in nature. Most hydro projects have been adversely affected by geological surprises especially during underground tunneling in the relatively young Himalayan mountains. Other problems eee arising out of the inaccessible and remote locations of the site, delays in land acquisition and in resettlement of project affected families have also slowed down the pace of hydro power developmentin the country. The Government have accorded a high priority to the development of the hydro potential and have from time to time taken a number of policy initiatives to address the issues impeding the hydro power development. This Hydro power policy is one such initiative which seeks to induce substantial private investments in Hydro power development.The programmed capacity addition from hydro projects during 11” Plan is 16553 MW, of which. Central and State Sectors will contribute 9685 MW and 3605 MW respectively, and the balance 3263 MW will be contributed by the Private Sector. Based on the demand forecasts, and on the level of preparedness of various agencies, a hydro capacity addition of about 30,000 MW is envisaged during the 12*Plan, ‘The Government of India has set the following broad policy objectives for accelerating the pace of hydro power development: Lately there has been a tremendous enthusiasm among private developers in taking up sites for development of Hydro power projects. Several states have allocated sites to private developers on BOOT basis. Recognizing the inherent advantages of inflation free generation coupled with the spiraling prices of fossil fuels, both project developers and financial institutions have shown a renewed interest in investing in Hydro power projects. A greater private investment through IPPs and joint ventures is expected to be forthcoming in the years to come and therefore a conducive atmosphere needs to be created to maintain this momentum in attracting private sector investments in this sector. The Government has initiated advance preparatory actions for the new hydro power projects envisaged to fructify in the 12" Plan period and beyond. Towards this end, preparation of adequate Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) and measures for obtaining the basic statutory clearances etc have been. initiated for the 12 plan projects. For projects further down the pipeline, emphasis is being laid on measures such as identification of new green field sites, survey and investigations and preparation of Pre-feasibility reports(PERs). While it is widely recognized that issues relating to resettlement and rehabilitation have been a major impediment in the development of hydro projects, it has also to be recognized that offering an effective R&R package aimed at improving people's lives will ensure greater acceptability of hydro projects, and that resettlement & rehabilitation have to go beyond merecompensation for loss of assets and livelihood. An effective R&R Policy has to aim at providing a higher living standard to the Project Affected People making them stakeholders in the project which would be immensely beneficial for the early commissioning of the project. It has also been felt that there is a need for infusion of a regular stream of revenue aimed at providing income generation and welfare schemes and. at creating additional infrastructure and common facilities on a sustained and continued basis. Keeping in view the difficulties of the hydro projects in responding to tariff based bidding, the need to develop the requisite transmission lines and also to capture the cost of generation in the most efficient manner for the benefit of all the stakeholders, it is necessary to regulate the tariff from hydro power stations. At the same time, from the p: of view of the private sector the major incentive is the scope for trading - particularly in the later years when costof generation goes down and the market price of power is high. There is a need to balance these competing interests by ensuring that a major portion of the power is tied up through long term Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) to facilitate financial closure of hydro projects while at the same time providing enough incentives to the developer to invest in this sector. This incentive can be by way of merchant sale, linked to the speedy commissioning of the project. Further, the long term PPAs signed. between the developer and the buyers of power would facilitate timely and optimal development of transmission lines and also quick financial closure. Merchant sales in large quantities on the other hand would face constraints in transmission capacity as they utilize the redundancies in the transmission network. In order to avoid a mismatch between construction of hydel projects and availability of transmission lines, binding indemnification agreements need to be signed between the transmission utility and the private developer."3.2 Since independence, there has been sizeable growth in the power sector as atthe time of independence the generating capacity in the country was only 1750 MW which has since increased to 140,302 MW as on 31.12.2007. The annual generation has grown from about 5 billion units to 669.5 billion units during 2006-07. Despite the rapid increase in population over this period of time, the per capita consumption. has increased from a mere 15 kWh to 632 kWh in, 2005-06 and to 665 kWh in 2006-07, and is expected to be 1000 kWh by 2011-12. A graphical representation of the growth profile in respect of, installed capacity and per capita electricity consumption is given in figures presented below: INSTALLED CAPACITY PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION OF ELECTRICITY IN INDIA Growth Pattern 1000 559 613 632 665 348 5 176 =a 198081 agen 2000401 2008.05 2005.06 1200607 2011-2 Years rejected) as per UN Methodology (Gross Electrical Energy Availability / Population)3.3 Despite the fact that India is the 6° largest country in terms of Power generation, the over all electricity shortages continue to be a major concern. The peaking shortages are about 13.8% as on 31.03.2007 on all India basis. The energy shortages on a regional basis vary in magnitude and the overall average shortages on all India basis is about 9.6%. To meet the growing demand and shortages encountered in various regions, the generation capacity needs to be doubled over Sere the next 10 years, so as to meet the total demand both in terms of peak and energy. In the wake of continuous improvements in the Plant Load Factors which recorded an average of 76.8% during 2006.07, electricity generation has been growing consistently at over 5% during past 3 years. This growth rate has peaked at 7.26% in the year 2006-07. The generation growth rates achieved during the X" Plan (2002-07) are shown inthe table below: RATE OF GROWTH OF GENERATION 10 ° m= Ez a? 4 3 32, Ba, 5 W 3a 3 : 1 ° 2002.03, 2003-04 2004.05, 2005.06 200607The first systematic and comprehensive study to assess the hydro-electric resources in the country was undertaken during the period 1953- 11959 by the Power Wing of the erstwhile Central Seated Indus Ganga Central Indian Rivers West Flowing Rivers East-flowing Rivers Brahmaputra Total The reassessment study of hydro-electric potential of the country was completed by the Central Electricity Authority in 1987. According to this study, the hydro power potential, at 60% load factor, had been estimated at 84,044 MW. This potential when fully developed would result in an installed capacity of about 150,000 MW. based on the probable average load factor. A total of 845 hydro-electric schemes have been Water and Power Commission on the basis of the then prevailing technology with available topographical and hydrological [Link] studies placed the economically viable hydro power potential of the country at 42,100 MW at 60% load factor (corresponding to an annual energy generation of 221 billion units). The basin. wise potential was assessed as below: re ESRC EY 6583.00 4817.00 4300.00 4350.00 3633.00 1341700 4210.00 identified in the various basins which could yield 600 billion units of electricity annually including seasonal energy. The Great Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra rivers with their innumerable tributaries originating from the Himalayas constitute about, 70% of the country's assessed hydropower potential. The peninsular plateau, flanked on one side by the Eastern Ghats and on the other side by the Western Ghats is a receptacle ofenormous hydro power. The basin-wise estimated hydro potential and probable installed. capacities are given below: Basin/River Potential at Probable Installed 60% Load Factor Capacity (MW) Indus 19988, 33832 Ganga 10715 20711 Central Indian Rivers 2740 4152 West-flowing Rivers 149 9430 East-flowing Rivers 9532 sii Brahmaputra 34920 66065 148701 Total: 4044 say 1,50,000 Atpresent (31.12.2007), 31,439.5 MW (21.14%) of the potential has been developed and 14,177 MW, (9.53%) is under development in terms of installed capacity. Thus, about 69.32% of the potential is yet to be tapped. The details are given, at Annex-La, In addition, the reassessment studies have also identified 56 sites for Pumped Storage Schemes loon Sm (PSS) with total installed capacity of about 94,000 MW excluding the schemes which were under operation and under construction at that time. The details are given at Annex-Ib. At present, Pumped Storage Schemes of 4,335 MW are under operation and 475 MW is under construction and 1000 MW is sanctioned but workis yetto start. DeesThe installed hydro generating capacity (with station capacity above 25 MW) including pumped storage 34,680.76 MW (as on 31.12.2007). This capacity schemes in the Country is does not include small hydro capacity of 1,168 MW in respect of hydro power plants having installed generating capacity of up to 25 MW which has been transferred to Renewable Energy sources (RES) in the year 2007-08. The state wise details of hydro schemes in operation with station installed capacity above 3 MW aggregating to 35,774.10 MW, which is being monitored by CEA are given at Annex-2. To meet the present demand for peaking and non-peaking power, it is estimated that a hydro- thermal mix of 40:60 would be an ideal mix. At present (31.12.2007), the total installed capacity in the country is 1, 40,301.84 MW and hydro share accounts for 34,680.76 MW (24.72%) as given below: Type of Station | Installed Capacity (MW) Hydro 34680.76 * ‘Thermal 90645.84 Nuclear 4120.00 RES. 110855.24 ** Total 140301.84 * Small hydro capacity of 168 MW has been transferred to RES in the year 2007.08, + RES. includes small hydro, Biomass/ Gasifies ete.coe AA) PLAN WISE GROWTH AND SHARE OF HYDRO POWER Installed Capacity at the end of Plan(MW) foe rid feria eed irre Sitar) PitaetTtad eee caned Beg 1’ Plan (1951-56) 2" Plan (1956-61) 3° Plan (1961-66) 3 annual plans (1966-69) 4" Plan (1969-74) 5* Plan (1974-79) Annual Plan (1979-80) 6° Plan (1980-85) 7" Plan (1985-90) 2 Annual Plans (1990-92), 8" Plan (1992-97) 9" Plan (1997-02) 10° Plan (2002-07) Addition Cintra Par) 380.19 97718 2207.08 1783.17 1058.39 3867.77 550.90 3076.05 3828.41 881.50 2427.65 4538.25 7886.00 feria 1061.44 1916.66 4123.74 5906.91 6965.3 10833.07 1383.97 1460.02 1830763 19194.62 21644.8, 26261.23, 34653.77* Certs SMT other R.E.S. 2886.14 4653.05 9027.02 12957.27 1663.56 26680.06 2844783 42584.72 63636.34 69065.39 85019.31 103410.04 132329.21 acct Ore 36.78 1.19 45.68 45.58 41.80 40.60 40.01 33.96 28.77 27.79 25.46 25.40 26.19 + Includes 1168 MW of small hydro capacity which has later been transferred to Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in the year 2007-08‘Underground Power House Complex of 1500 MW Nathpa Jhakri Hydro Power Station in Himachal Pradesh, 4.2 Plan wise Hydro Capacity Targets and achievements. The Plan wise Hydro Capacity Targets and 4° Plan(1969-74) * Plan(1974-79) Annual Plan(1979-80) 6° Plan(1980-85) 7 Plan(1985-90) Annual Plan(1990-91) Annual Plan(1991-92) 8° Plan(1992.97) 9 Plan(1997-02) 10*Plan (2002-07) ores nye (Original) 3518.00 4654.00 548.00 4768.00 5541.25 1006.50 754.30 928215 9817.70 1493.20 achievements from 4th plan onwards are given asunder: Dre oe addition (MW) 1058.39 3867.77 550.90 3076.05 3828.41 445.50 436.00 22765 4538.25 7886.00 Dr ery achieved 83.1 100.53, 64.51 69.09 4426 5780 26.5 46.23 54.79 i>5. THE HYDRO POWER CAPACITY DDITION E} AGED FOR 11™ AND 12™ PLAN PERIODS To meet the energy requirements of 1038 billion, units and a peak load of 1, 52,746 MW with a 5% spinning reserve, a capacity addition of about 82,500 MW is required during the 11° Plan. However, a capacity addition of 78,577 MW comprising of 39,865 MW (60.7%) in central sector, 27,952 MW (35.6%) in state sector and 10,760 MW (13.7%) in private sector has been. proposed during 11° Plan, Out of this, a capacity of 16553 MW is proposed to be added from hydro projects comprising 9685 MW Central sector, 3605 MW State sector and 3263 MW Private sector. The details of the capacity addition, sector wise areas under:~ SUMMARY OF CAPACITY ADDITION PROPOSED DURING 11™ PLAN ‘AS on 24.01.08 “ “ zon am foe fo fae | me a eae | os Io) | India is duly concerned about climate change and efforts are being made to promote benign sources of energy. Hydro Power is one such renewable source. Irrespective of the size and nature of the hydro projects, whether ROR or Storage projects, these are all renewable sources. of energy. However, execution of hydro projects. requires extensive Survey and Investigation, preparation of DPR, development of infrastructure, obtaining statutory clearances and such other preparatory works, which are time consuming and require two to three years before the projects can be taken up for construction, 5 years is the average time expected to execute a hydro project after the construction work commences. Thus in order toers achieve completion of a hydro project in the 11° Plan, the project should either have to be already under construction or should commence construction latest by 31” December, 2007. The broad criteria adopted for selection of hydro projects for 11*Planis as under: + Projects already under execution, + Those hydro projects whose concurrence has been issued by CEA and order for works are likely to be placed by the end of 2007, + Apart from the above, a few hydro projects of smaller capacity which are ROR type having. surface power houses and where gestation period is expected to be less than 5 years have also been included. These projects ‘would need to be rigorously followed up for completion during the 11 Plan. Sees In order to fulfill the Government's mission of providing power to all a detailed analysis of the status of the 11 Plan projects has been carried out with a view to tie up all requisite inputs and to remove all bottlenecks in their implementation. For each project milestones are being monitored which would ensure timely completion of the intermediate central activites. Ministry of Power and Central Electricity Authority have planned rigorous monitoring of the progress of construction of the projects. Implementation of this large capacity would call for augmentation of manufacturing capabilities in the various input sectors. Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) has drawn up a plan for hydro manufacturing capaci augmentation from 1345 MW to 2500 MW with an investment p>of Rs, 140 crores. BHEL also plans to further enhance ts capacity as deemed necessary. Similarly other manufacturing capacities like steel, cement, aluminum and associated equipments like large motors etc. would need to be augmented. The civil construction agencies also need large scale augmentation in their capacities, as at present there is a dearth of qualified contractors for taking up construction of large hydro power plants. ‘The proposed hydro capacity addition during 11° plan is 16,553 MW. Out of this, 1,647 MW. capacity has already been commissioned and 12,891 MW is under construction as on 22" January 2008. As per the studies carried out by CEA to assess the requirement of additional capacity during, the 12" Plan (2012-17), the requirement of installed capacity to meet the all India peak demand and energy requirement at the end of 12" Plan would require a capacity addition of 82200 MW in the five years period of 2012-17, out of which 30000 MW is proposed to be added through hydro Projects. ‘An exercise has been carried out in CBA to identify candidate projects for inclusion in the 12 Plan. 167 hydro projects of 62,541.50 MW. capacity had initially been tentatively identified as candidate projects. Action has been initiated to take up/complete their survey and investigation/DPR preparation and other pre~ construction activities well in advance so as to achieve the ambitious programme of cap. addition in the coming plans. Accordingly, a shelf of 101 projects with an installation of about 40,303.50 MW having better preparedness and higher degree of confidence has been short- listed. The sector-wise breakup of these hydro projectsis given below:- SECTORWISE IDENTIFIED CAPACITY FOR 12" PLAN Central 33, State 37 Private 31 Total 101 To realize the planned benefits during 12" Plan, action has been initiated to take up / complete 14535.0 1609.5 9669.0 40303.5 their survey and investigation’ DPR preparation and other pre-construction activities well inadvance so as to achieve the ambitious — The present status of 12” Plan schemes is as programme of capacity addition in the — under: coming plans. STATUS OF 12 PLAN SCHEMES ‘As on 31.12.07 Bee 3 535.5 Coa 1 Under construction. 2 89 2 T_|Sanctioned but construction] 1 | 330 yet to start MI | Concurrence by CEATEC 2956 by state accorded but awaiting investment approval DPRs ready / Prepared 9 Under S&l/ DPRs to R be prepared Total 33, - 5 Longtermplanforhydrodevelopment about 1,50,000 MW. The hydro installed capacity at the end of 10° Plan was 34,653.77 MW. 26 | 16 | 4212 19 | 6563 | 12 | 2876 | 40 | 1795 10 | sim | 15 | 5477 | 37 | 16452 <2 37 1609.5] 31 | 9669 | 101 ‘As per the reassessment of hydro electric potential carried out by CEA (1978-87), the hydro potential of the country has been estimated Anticipated Hydro capacity addition during 11" (tentative), 12", 13° & 14" Planis projected below: Sorat} baer ral MCB EC Rett Addition(Mw) | at the end of plan(MW) 11" Plan (2007-08 to 2011-12) 16553 51207 12" Plan (2012-13 to 2016-17) 30000 81207 13" Plan (2017-18 to 2021-22) 31000 112207 14° Plan (2022-23 to 2026-27) 36494 148701 Itis expected that by the end of 14” Plan the entire feasible hydro potential could be exploited.DEVELOPMENT ep cope Nay The assessment of hydro electric potential from 845 conventional hydro projects and 56 pumped storage projects has been made on the basis of desk studies using top sheets and discharge data. By now 320 hydro electric schemes have either been developed or are under various stages of development. Further, detailed studies tofirm up the parameters of the balance projects as identified by CEA would be taken up on the basis of development of hydro potential in basin as a whole for maximizing benefits and prioritizing execution of projects. These studies will be done in close co-ordination with CWC and State Authorities and in harmony with development for other uses of water like irrigation, drinking water etc. While CEA would coordinate these studies, CPSUs / other Central Government Organizations and State Authorities / IPPs would do the investigations and prepare the detailed project reports by adopting an integrated approach towards planning and development of various projects, evacuation arrangement and environmental impact assessment. This would enable an optimal harnessing of hydro potential in each river basin, Action has already been initiated in. this direction and a number of measures have been taken as deliberated in the following paragraphs With the objective of expediting hydro power development in a systematic manner, Central =) PPP POOP “a my allen TeesElectricity Authority completed a ranking study of the balance hydro potential sites for all the basins in the country during 2001-02. The Ranking of hydro sites has been carried out based on weightage criteria for various aspects involved in the development of hydro schemes. Considering these aspects, the schemes have been graded in A, Band C categories in order of their priority for development. Based on the Preliminary Ranking Study, 399 Toe schemes with an aggregate installed capacity of about 106910 MW have been prioritized in all the six river systems of the country. Out of this, 98 schemes with probable installed capacity of 15,641 MW fall under "A* category, 247 schemes. with probable installed capacity of 69,853 MW under "B" category and 54 schemes with probable installed capacity of 21,416 MW under "C* category. The basin wise details of ranking study are given below: Si, | River system | Category A | Category B | Category C Total No Nos.] MW | Nos. MW | Nos.| MW | Nos. MW 1 | Indus 1 4088 | 51 8811 | 17 6080 79 | 18979 2 | Ganga 20 (2023) 54 9616 1 600 75 | 12239 3 | Central Indian | 3 (283 9 1425 186 13] 1894 4 |EastFlowing | 11 | 1412] 26 | 6469 | 2 88] 39] 7969 5 | West Flowing. 1 35] 10 958 | 14 1508 25) 2501 6 | Brahmaputra 52 7800 | 97 | 42574 | 19 12954 | 168 | 63328 Total: 98 | 15641 | 247 | 69853 | 54 (21416 | 399 |106910Perce 50,000 MW Hydro Initiative Under the 50,000 MW Hydro Initiative, 162 hydro-electric projects spreading across in 16 states for the purpose of preparation of Preliminary Feasibility Reports (PERs) in the year 2003-04 were taken up by CEA as a nodal the CPSUs agency with State agencies as Consultants, CEA's role included overall coordination, facilitating collection of data, and quality control by vetting conceptual planning, assessment of power benefits and selection of project parameters, evacuation of power and ae gar Project of N monitoring of works. National Hydroelectric Power Corporation, WAPCOS, North Eastern Electric Power Corporation, Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam and number of State Power Utilities were associated to complete these feasibility studies. The PRs were completed in Sept., 2004 for all these projects with an aggregating capacity 0f 47,930 MW, ‘Asa follow up of preparation of PFRs, ithas been decided to take up implementation / preparation of DPRs for commercially viable schemes selected from the shelf of projects for execution.in the near future. Out of 162 schemes (47930 MW) for which PFRs have been prepared, initially, based on preliminary techno-economic analysis, 78 schemes (34020 MW) with first year tariff below Rs. 2.50 / kWh have been taken up, for detailed survey & investigation and preparation of DPRs. One scheme in Meghalaya was not taken up for S&I due to its association with water supply scheme. Action has been initiated for 77 of these schemes (33951 MW) for ‘S&l and preparation of DPR by CPSUs/ SPSUsi ‘SEBs/ IPPs, Out of these, DPRs for 17 schemes (4060 MW) have already been prepared. The work of survey & investigation is under advanced progress for another 26 schemes (13791 MW) and their DPRs are likely to be prepared by March 2010. The work on balance 34 projects (16100 MW) is held up due to changes in agency/non allotment by the respective State Govts., non availability of statutory clearances and other issues. The details of preparation of DPRs forthe entire77 schemes under 50,000 MW. HE initiativeisas tabulated below:- ‘As on 31.12.2007 Dv reared daring 28-6 J > | 100 | Aiii)| DPRs Prepared during 2007-08 (up to Dec07)| 8 Sub-total(A) ” Work held up on account of: Proposed Change in Agency! ‘Non Allotment by State Govt, ‘Non availability of MOEF Clearance Local Agitation/ Other issues Sub-total(C) uw 5614 16 7986 7 2500 34 16100[Link] INITIATIVES TAKEN FOR INCREASIN' THE HYDRO CAPACITY 1B) Hleccty et 2008 Ee ‘The Electricity Act, 2003 has come into force on. 10” June, 2003 repealing the earlier Electricity Act 1910, the Electricity (Supply) Act 1948 and the Electricity Regulatory Act 1998. This act has permitted direct commercial relationships between generating companies and consumers! traders. The Act has provided a generating company the right to open access through state central transmission utilities. The Act has also enlarged the scope of captive power plants permitting Group captive Plants wheeling power to their consumers. Reforms in the Flectricity sector in the country have brought into existence many more organizations like the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission and State Regulatory Commissions. The Act has also emphasized the development of hydro power and safety of the structures including dams ete. Water and water power are state subjects and find mention under Entry 17 of Listl (State list) of the VII" schedule of the constitution of India. However, this is subject to provisions of Entry 56 of Listl (Union list) which provides for “regulations and development of interState rivers and river valleys to the extent to which. such regulation and development under the control of Union as declared by Parliament by law to be expedient in the public interest”, Such. an enactment has not yet taken place. Although. power generation has been delicensed, concurrence of CEA is still required under Section 8(1) of the Blectricity Act for setting up of a hydro power generation station estimated to involve a capital expenditure exceeding such sum as may be notified by the Central Government from time to time. Presently the limit notified is as under: B Rupees two thousand five hundred crores, provided that- {@) the scheme is included in the National Electricity Plan (NEP) as notified by the Authority under sub-section (8) of Section 3 of the Act and the scheme conforms to the capacity and type (run-of riverstorage) as mentioned in the NEP, and (b) the site for setting up the hydro generating station has been allocated through the transparent process of bidding in accordance with guideline issued by the Central Government under Section 63 of the Act.2. Rupees five hundred crores for any other scheme not covered by clauses (a) and (b) above. ‘The CEA shall before concurring in any scheme submitted to it under sub-section (1) have particular regard to, whether or not in its opinion, = (@) The proposed river-works will prejudice the prospects for the best ultimate development of the river or its tributaries for power generation, consistent with the requirements of drinking water, irrigation, navigation, flood-control, or other public purposes, and for this purpose the Authority shall satisfy itself, after consultation with the State Government, the Central Government, or such other agencies as it may deem appropriate, that an adequate study has been made of the optimum location of dams and other river-works; (b) the proposed scheme meets the norms regarding dam design and safety. For all other projects not covered by (a) and (b) above the limit is Rs. 500 crore. The above provisions are applicable to all hydroelectric projects irrespective of State/ CPSUS/IPPs Ministry of Water Resources / Central Water Commission examine the following aspects of hydro electric schemes:- ea|>Poe he ene + Hydraulic Structures forhydropower + Water Management + Flood Control + DamSafety + Regulation and development of inter-state rivers and river basins + Water laws legislation + International water laws + ‘The matter regarding rivers common to India and neighbouring countries : Join River Commission for Bangladesh and India, Indus Water Treaty, Indus Commission. Accordingly, DPR of hydro electric projects are sent to Central Water Commission (CWC) for examination on above aspects, Geological aspects of hydro electric projects are examined by Geological Survey of India. ii) National Water Policy-2005: The Government has brought out a National Water Policy in the year 2005, which inter-alia, envisages that water is a prime national resource, the basic need and a precious national asset. Planning development and management of water resources need to be governed by national perspective. It has further been stipulated in the Policy that in the planning and operation of system, water allocation priority should broadly be in the order of drinking water,irrigation, hydro power, ecology, agro industries and non agriculture industries, navigation and other uses. In the National Electricity Policy announced by Govt. in Feb'2005, the following thrust areas have been identified for Hydro Generation, + Hydroelectricity is a clean and renewable source of energy. Maximum emphasis would be laid on the full development of the feasible hydro potential in the country. The 50,000 MW hydro initiative has been already launched and is being vigorously pursued with DPRs for projects of 33,000 MW capacities already under preparation. + Harnessing hydro potential speedily will also facilitate economic development of States, particularly North-Eastern States, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and J&K, since a large proportion of our hydro power potential is located in these states, The States with hydro potential need to focus on the full development of these potential atthe earliest. + Hydro projects call for comparatively larger Therefore, debt financing of longer tenure would need to be made available for hydro projects. Central Government is committed to policies that capital investment. ensure financing of viable hydro projects, + State Governments need to review procedures for land acquisition, and other approvals/clearances for speedy implementation of hydroelectric projects. + The Central Government will support the State Governments for expeditious development of their hydroelectric projects by offering services of Central Public Sector Undertakings. + Properimplementation of National Policy on. Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R) would be essential in this regard so as to ensure that the concerns of project-affected families are addressed adequately. Adequate safeguards for environmental protection with suitable mechanism for monitoring of implementation of Environmental Action Planand R&R Schemes will be putin place. ‘A National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitation for Project Affected Families was formulated in 2003, and it came into force wee. February, 2004, Experience of Implementation of this policy indicates that there are many issues. addressed by the policy which need to be reviewed. There should be a clear perception,through a careful quantification of the costs and benefits that will accrue to society at large, of the desirability and justifiability of each project. The adverse impact on affected families ~ economic, environmental, social and cultural - needs to be assessed in a participatory and transparent manner. A national policy must apply to all projects where involuntary displacement takes place. Furthermore, such a policy must specify clear time frames within which the implementation of the rehabilitation package as well as utilization of the land shall be accomplished. Also, it should lay down an effective monitoring and grievance redressal mechanism. This necessitated the framing of National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy, 2007 (NRRP-2007). The provisions of the National R&R Policy-2007 provide for the basic minimum requirements, and all projects leading to involuntary displacement of people must address. the rehabilitation and resettlement issues comprehensively. The State Governments, Public Sector Undertakings or agencies, and other requiring bodies shall be at liberty to putin place greater benefit levels than those prescribed in the NRRP-2007. The Policy addresses the need to provide succour to the assetless rural poor, support the rehabilitation efforts of the resource poor sections, namely small and marginal farmers, SCS/STs and women who have been displaced. Besides, it seeks to provide a broad canvas for an. effective dialogue between the Project AffectedFamilies and the Administration for Resettlement & Rehabilitation to enable timely completion of project with a sense of definiteness as regards costs and adequate attention to the needs of the displaced persons. The objectives of the Policy isplacement, to plan the RER of PAFs including special needs of Tribals and are to minimize vulnerable sections, to provide better standard of living to PAFs and to facilitate harmonious relationship between the Requiring Body and PAFs through mutual cooperation. ¥) Provisions forMega Power Projects: ‘The threshold limit to obtain the Mega Power status is 1000 MW for Thermal and 500 MW for hydro projects, Further, the minimum threshold capacity for hydro electric projects has been reduced from 500 MW to 350 MW for projects located in special category States such as Jammu. & Kashmir, Sikkim and the North Eastern States. The corresponding threshold capacity for ‘Thermal projects is 700 MW in these States. The import of capital equipment would be free of customs duty, and deemed export benefits as per EXIM Policy would be extended to developers of Mega Power projects both in the public and the private sector. Income tax holiday for a period of 10 years can be claimed by the promoter of a Mega Power project in any block of 10 years within 10 to 15 years. The State Governments have been requested to exempt supplies made to Mega Power Plants from sales tax and local levies. ‘These measures and the economies of scale in Mega Projects would substantially bring down tariffs8. INCREASING ROLE OF PRIVATE SECTOR IN [YDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT Even though public sector organizations would continue to play an important role in the development of new schemes, this alone would not be adequate to develop the vast remaining hydro potential. Greater private investment through IPPs and joint ventures would be encouraged in the coming years and atmosphere conducive for attracting private sector funds would be provided. The allocation of sites for development is under the purview of states. The policy on hydro power development lays emphasis on increasing, private investment in power development. The present status of participation of private sector in hydro power developments as under: + 21schemes (1415.45MW) areunder operation. Diversion Barrage of 400 MW Vishnupra + 10 schemes with an installation of 3991 MW are under construction. + 67schemes (18030 MW) have been allocated to private developers and + 29 schemes (4292 MW) are under consideration for allocation. The state wise allocation of 67 schemes to private sector developers is as under: State No | IC(MW) Himachal Pradesh 8 1506 Uttarakhand 7 952 Sikkim 22 2271 Arunachal Pradesh 30, 13301 Total 67 18030 The details of the schemes under operation, under construction, allotted to Private developers and those proposed to be offered by states for development in Private sector are given at Annex-3a, 3b, 3¢ & 3d respectively. TLE, Project of Jaiprakash Power Ventures Ltd, in Ultarakhand9. NEED FOR NEW HYDRO POLICY Speedier harnessing of the entire hydro power potential of the country requires a number of policy initiatives. Ina fast-changingand dynamic sector such policy initiatives are required to be taken from time to time, While some of the issues discussed below have been addressed in the Hydro Power Policy 2008, others are at a preliminary and consultative stage and would evolve into policy measures in due course, With the increasing role of the private sector in. hydro-power development it has become necessary to look at the specific problems that the private sector faces in developing hydro power, Development of hydro power projects is fraught with a number of uncertainties. Broadly, the problems faced by developers can be grouped into those related to the project location, to its, geology, and to issues of resettlement and rehabilitation. Typically, hydro projects are high cost, long gestation projects and are highly vulnerable to any uncertainties. Location: Hydro projects are located in remote, inaccessible, forested and often very inhospitable terrain. Obtaining environment forest and wildlife clearances can be very cumbersome and time-consuming. Developers are very often required to undertake infrastructure development for merely accessing, the site and taking heavy machinery there. Despite the frequent landslides and slope failures often delay project implementation which in any case is slowed down by snowfall or prolonged monsoons. Geology: Most of the hydro sites now to be developed are located in the Himalayas, which. are a very young range of mountains, Even with the best of geological investigations, occurrences of shear zones and underground lakes and streams can result into serious time and cost over-runs. Resettlement and Rehabilitation: Large-scale shifting of people from their traditional habitations and livelihoods can, if not handle with the necessary sensitivity and commitment, lead to a lot of discontentment and unrest, and hostility to the project itself. Apart from other socic-political implications, this is one major potential source for time over-runs leading to costover-runs. Given such uncertainties with major cost implications, itis very difficult for developers of hydro projects to participate in tariff-based competitive bidding. However, as per the Tariff Policy notified in January 2006, distributionutilities can procure power either through such a bidding process, or from a public sector generating company, or from the expansion of an. existing project. In case of procurement of power public sector companies, the tariff would be determined by the appropriate regulator based. on the capital cost. This dispensation, however, is available to the public sector only up to January 2011. Without a Power Purchase Agreement, developers would find it very difficult to achieve financial closure. Even without this problem, achieving financial closure for such high cost long gestation projects requiring long term finance, is not very easy, Considering the uncertainties as_mentioned above, the issue was to make the dispensation of regulated tariff available to the private sector hydro projects also, thereby giving them a level playing field and giving a boost to much-needed hydro projects. Tooele Government of India has in October 2007 notified the National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitation (NPRR 2007), which makes a major departure from the traditional approach to, resettlement and rehabilitation. The objective now is not merely to compensate projectaffected persons for the loss caused to them, but actually to improve their standard and quality of life. The entire process has been made more transparent and participative. While NPRR 2007 is applicable to all kinds of projects and lays down the minimum R & R package, there is a need to go beyond this in case of hydro projects. Just as host State governments have been turned into stake-holders by stipulating that 12% of the power is given to them. free cost as a royalty, there is need to turn theproject affected areas and persons also into stake-holders with a continuing stake not only in, the completion but also in the continued operation of the project. The proposed policy therefore seeks to offer a liberal and well thought-out R &R package. Lately, financial institutions have become much. more flexible and pro-active in financing power projects, particularly hydro projects. High energy prices in a fast expanding power market have diluted thei insistence on water-tight PAs backed by Government guarantees. Institutions have reiterated that there would be no dearth of funds for projects with viable tariffs promoted by credible developers. An inter group (IG) with the MD, State Bank of India as, \stitutional the convenor and with representatives of other financial institutions and of the Ministry of Power has been constituted to facilitate financial closure of power projects. As opposed to thermal project, hydro projects are characterized by high capital costs but very low operational costs. Longer term finance can therefore correct the present peculiarity of high initial tariffs followed by very low subsequent tariffs. Recently, the Group of Power Ministers under the Chairmanship of the Minister of Power has constituted a Sub-Committee on Financial Issues under the Chairmanship of the Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission to examine and recommend policy measures for ensuring adequate and timely finance for power projects. ‘The Sub-committee wil also address the specific requirements of funding of hydro projects, and is expected to give its report soon, Composition. of this Sub-Committee is at Annexure da, ‘The optimum development of the hydro power potential of a river depends on a very careful sturdy of the entire basin or sub-basin, of its topography and hydrology. Ideally, the location of sites in a cascade and the type of project to be undertaken (storage vis-i-vis run of the river) should be decided on the basis of such. a study. In fact, section 8 of the Electricity Act, 2003 expects CEA to satisfy itself that an adequate study has been done of the optimum, location of dams and other river-works before giving its concurrence to a project. Studies have shown that generation from even existing 8 storage dams upstream. A proper rive basin projects can be increased simply by construc optimization study would not only enable better location of projects, but would also result in more cost-effective and co-ordinated infrastructure development in respect of roads and power evacuation,The need for such studies was discussed in the Task Force on Hydro Power which was constituted by the Group of Power Ministers (Composition at Annexure 4b). It has been decided that CEA will conduct such studies with the active supportof the CWC. Very close co-ordination and co-operation is required among developers working and operating in a river basin both during planning, implementation and operation of hydro projects. Sharing the costs of geological and hydrological data collection and of infrastructure development, proper sequencing of implementation so that infrastructure is not over-strained, and co-ordinated releases of water for optimized generation are some examples of such co-ordination. The framework of such arrangements ranges from informal to statutory. There is need to study various practices within the country and abroad to arrive at some likely models which the States can follow within their jurisdictions. Itis proposed to deliberate this and related issues in the Task Force on Hydro Power. Itis seen that hydro projects suffer from time overruns not only due to geological surprises butalso to the developer's inability to respond to them in a timely manner. Sometimes this inadequate response is a result of ill-designed. contract documents which do not allow the required flexibilities in meeting with the implementation challenges. This problem is particularly acute in respect of public sector undertakings naturally concerned about accountability issues. CEA had, in November2007, organized an international conclave on contract management for accelerated development of Indian hydropower projects in which this and related issues were deliberated. As a follow-up, the Ministry has set up a ‘Committee under Chairman, CEA to prepare model contract documents for the use not only of public sector undertakings, but also of private developers. The composition of this committees, at Annexure 4c. With the successful tariff-based bidding for UMPPs, suggestions have been received for replicating this model in the hydro sector also. Although tariff-based bidding is a difficult proposition for hydro projects for the reasons explained above, this issue was deliberated upon. in the Task Force on Hydro Power. Itwas decided that a sincere effort should be made to test the concept in the hydro sector. States have accordingly been requested to identify suitable sites which they would like to offer under this model. Agencies will then be identified to prepare the DPR, obtain the necessary clearances, acquire land and to manage the bid process on the lines of the work that was done by PFC for thermal UMPPs Preparation of a good DPR is the key to timely implementation within the estimated cost. ‘A good DPR in turn depends to the quality of data used for preparing it-geological, geomorphologic, meteorological, hydrological and topographical, to name only a few of the kinds of data that are required. Some of this data is already available with some public agency or the other, some may be available with private agencies involved in some other project. Speedy exploitation of the hydro-power potential of the country depends to some extent on whether the required data can be made available to developers in a timely and cost-effective manner by instituting minimum but stream-lined procedures and without compromising concerns of security agencies. As a first step towards this objective, the Pre-Feasibility Reports prepared under the 50,000 MW Initiative have now been made available in the public domain at [Link] It is proposed to interact with other agencies in possession of the required data to explore ways of improving its accessibility, Human resource development and capacity building requires a comprehensive approach to develop and utilize human resource to meet the ever-growing technical needs of the hydroower sector, more so now that there is a renewed interest in the private sector and with rapid expansion of hydro power capacities there is a likely to be dearth of experienced personnel. The demands for experienced personnel presently outstrips the supply. This is putting extra pressure on the central public sector units which are unable to match the paying capacities of the private sector and are facing higher attrition rates. Availability of skilled manpower tailor made to deal with hydro power sector is considered as a necessary condition for expeditious harnessing of the vast untapped hydro potential in an efficientand effective manner. The possible option to meet the growing needs of technical manpower interalia, includes hiring the manpower with requisite skill and continuously upgrading the quality standards of the existing manpower through requisite training. The proposed rapid expansion of hydro power and consequently the power sector to match the growth rate of the Indian economy would require adequate attention to be paid to this area by drawing up comprehensive skill upgradation programmes for ensuring that local personnel gain the required skills and are channelised for being made available to meet the skilled manpower needs of the sector. Adoption of ITIs one of the possible option to channelise new recruits in the hydro power sector.10. SALIENT FEATURES OF Beets HYDRO POWER POLICY “TOL Since the above issues were not adequately addressed in the earlier Policies, the new policy guidelines outlined below seek to balance the competing interests of the various stakeholders for the sake of speedy implementation of hydro projects in the country: (a) The existing dispensation available to the Public Sector under the National Tariff Policy 2006, regarding exemption from tariff based bidding up to January 2011, is also extended to private sector hydroelectric projects, which obtain CEA's concurrence, sign PPAs with distribution licensees and achieve financial closure before January, 201. (b) State Governments would be required to follow a transparent procedure for awarding potential sites to the private sector. The selection criteria may include the financial strength of the developer as measured by his net worth, experience in the development of, infrastructure projects of similar size, past track record in delivering projects on time and within estimated costs, turnover of the developer in relation to the size of the project, ability to meet the performance guarantees etc. This eligibility criteria will be applicable at the REQ stage. The States will call for bids from the shortlisted developers who qualify the RFQ stage on a single quantifiable parameter identified from any of the options being exercised by the States either of more than 12% free power or equity participation or upfront paymenteete. (¢) The concerned private developer would be required to follow the existing procedure such as getting the DPR prepared, obtaining concurrence of CEAVState Government, obtaining environment, forest and other statutory clearances, and then approaching the appropriate regulator. As provided under the existing guidelines, it would be obligatory for the developer to go through an International Competitive Bidding (ICB) process for award of contract for supply of equipment and construction of the project either through a turnkey contract or through a few well-defined packages. (4) The tariff of the project would be decided by the appropriate Regulatory Commission. To this extent, the Tariff Pol notified in January 2006 is modified and the developer would be required to enter into long term PPAs with distribution companies subject to provisions in para 9.4.1 (g) below. While determining tariff the appropriate Regulatory Commission shall not allow as apart of the project cost the expenditure incurred or committed to be incurred by the project developer for getting the site allotted to him, The dispensation accorded under the Hydro Policy of 1998, regarding 12% free power to be provided to the host state government, will, however, be supplemented by an additional 1% in accordance with Clause (h) below. Any free power beyond 13%, would be met by the developers from their own resources and would not be a pass through in tariff (©) The project developer wishing to avail of this dispensation must reach the specific milestones ~ concurrence by CEA / States and all clearances, financial closure and award of work by January 2011, and completion of the project within 4 years thereafter. Any extension to the deadline of January, 2011, if made applicable to the PSUs under the tariff policy, shall be applicable for the aforesaid purposes to such private hydro projects also. Large storage projects and run-of-the-river projects of capacity above 500 MW could be given suitable increase with respect to construction time. This time schedule would be determined by the appropriate regulator and must be obtained before commencement of the construction. f NHPC in JK EneroIndependent third party verification would be done regarding adherence to the agreed timelines (6) In order to enable the project developer to recover the costs incurred by him in obtaining the project site, as mentioned in para 5 above, he would be allowed a special incentive by way of merchant sales of up toa maximum of 40% of the saleable energy. Projects that do not conform to the prescribed time lines would however lose this incentive of merchant sales in a graded manner. With a view to ensure timely completion of these projects, delays of every Tee hy Roce ines six months in the commissioning date would result in reduction of merchant sales by 5%. This condition would be operationalised by the appropriate regulator duly apportioning the Annual Fixed Charge accordingly. The same policy guidelines would be applicable to projects above 100 MW capacity, which have already been allocated by various States to the private developers, if such allocations have been made in a transparent manner and on the basis of pre determined set of criteria, An additional 1% free power from the project, would be provided and earmarked for a Ea>Local Area Development Fund, aimed at providing a regular stream of revenue for income generation and welfare schemes, creation of additional infrastructure and common facilities etc. on a sustained and continued basis over the life of the project. It is recommended that the host state governments would also provide a matching 1% from their share of 12% free power towards this corpus, This fund could be operated by a standing committee headed by an officer of the State Government, not lower thana district magistrate to be designated by the State Government, male and female representatives of the Project Affected People and the project head nominated by the developer. This fund would be available in the form of an annuity over the entire life of the project (i) For a period of 10 years from the date of commissioning of the project, 100 units of electricity per month would be provided by the project developer to each Project Affected Family through the relevant distribution company. It is expected that the PAF will consume at least the minimum lifeline consumption of one unit per day and the cost of balance unused electricity, if any, could be made available to PAF in cash or kind or a combination of both, at rates to be determined by the State Electricity Regulatory Commission. (j) The project authorities would involve themselves in the implementation of the RGGVY Scheme wi ina certain radius! surface distance from the Power House’ Dam Site as per requirement. Since the RGGVY is being funded on 90:10 (90% grant and 10% loan) basis by the Government of India. The project authorities should bear the State Governments’ share of 10% of the Rajiv Gandhi Gramin Vidyutikaran Yojana within this surface distance of the Power House/ Dam. {k) Hydroelectric projects displace families in remote areas. In the interest of speedy implementation of hydro electric projects, the Resettlement and Rehabilitation package can be more liberal than the National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Policy, 2007. The suggested package is at Appendix. 10.2. The costs towards expenditure incurred SI. No (i), ) & (K) above would be an ‘essential part of the R&R plan and hence borneas a partof the projectcost. 10.3 The 10% share of the RGGVY could be within the follo ig surface distance from the Power House For Projects upto 100 MW = surface distance of 2Kms.For Projects between 100 MW = Within a For Projects above 500 MW = Within a surface distance of 5 Kms, and 250 MW distance of 10 Kms. For Projects between 250 MW = Within a surface distance of 7.5Kmsand 500MW Se ee Dolores ee Uke an a eee Eul>11. OTHER MEASURES FOR PROMOTING HYDRO POWER DEVELOPMENT Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has been vested with all matters related to Small Hydel Projects (up to 25 MW capacities). These projects are being provided with the following incentives. 4) Incentives for detailed survey & investigation and preparation of DPR. fi) Incentives during the execution of the projectin the form of capitalinterest subsidy. iii) Special incentives for execution of small hydro projects in the North Eastern Region by the Government departments/SEBVState agencies. iv) Financial support for renovation and modernization and uprating of old small hydro power stations. Government of India proposes to provide soft loans to the projects (up to 25 MW) through. IREDA/PFC/REC and other financial institutions and Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources periodically announces suitable package of financial incentives for the accelerated development of Small Hydel Projects up to 25 MW station capacities. ‘The State Government and Central and State Hydro Corporation like NHPC / NEEPCO ete. would be encouraged to take up a cluster of small/mini hydel schemes on Build, Operate and ‘Transfer basis, and other suitable arrangements. Three stage development procedures in respect of new hydro electric projects in Central Sector have been formulated in consultation with MOF; MOEF with effect from June 2001. The procedure has been found to be useful in implementation of hydro projects so far and is proposed to be continued, The outline of the schemeis given as under. Stage-I: Expenditure on survey and investigation and preparation of pre-feasibility reports for H.E, Schemes will be sanctioned by Ministry of Power subject to the condition that proposed HE, Project is figuring in Five Year Plan or Long-term hydro electric power development plan. Stage-Il: Stage-Il development involves preparation of DPR, pre-construction work, Developmentof infrastructure facilities and land. acquisition etc. The amount is to be sanctioned. by Committee of PIB/CCEA for the project which, has been found to be commercially viable and have obtained site clearance from MOEF.Stage III: This would require approval of PIB/ CCEA for investment decision in respect of construction of H.E. Schemes. 11.3 Simplified Procedures for Transfer of Clearances: To further streamline the process of TEC, Central Electricity Authority have issued in January, 1999 (revised in Oct., 1999) the modalities for Simplified transfer of ‘Techno-Economic Clearance (TEC) of Hydro Electric Projects already cleared by CEA in the name of other agency asunder - a) For transfer of TEC in respect of schemes without any change in scheme features and cost estimates, a request for transfer of TEC >) by the generating company shall be made in the format prescribed by the Authority. ‘The Authority shall examine the proposal submitted by the generating company and in case the generating company fulfilling the above requirements, the Authority shall approve the transfer of techno-economic clearance in the name of new Generating ‘Company. Transfer of TEC in such case shall be subject to furnishing the requisite information by the new agency within one year of the transfer of TEC. For the transfer of TEC in respect of schemes with change in scheme features and costestimates, a request for transfer of TEC by the Generating Company shall be submitted in the prescribed format. 4) The Authority shall examine the proposal submitted by the generating company and in case the generating company fulfilling the above requirements, the Authority shall approve the transfer of techno-economic clearance in the name of new Generating ‘Company. Transfer of TEC in such case shall be subject to furnishing the requisite information by the new agency within two years of the transfer of TEC. To facilitate construction, operation and maintenance of Hydro Power, CEA has to bring outstandards /norms for the same. Itis essential that Hydro Projects be constructed, operated and maintained as per the relevant standards specified by the Authority under various sub sections of the section 73 of Electricity Act, 2003. ‘A proper mechanism would be evolved for ensuring the adherence to these standards by the project Authorities so as to ensure quality construction and safety aspects. Following Acts / regulations govern the Environmental Impact Assessment and mitigation of adverse environmental impacts of multipurpose river valley / hydroelectric projects. 1. Forest (Conversations) Act, 1980 (amended in 1988), Rules and Guidelines as amended from time to time. 2. Environment (Protection) Act,1986 with its Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 {amended up to May, 1994). (as amended. from time to time) 3. Environmental Impact Assessment Notification of 1994, 4. Amendment to Notification of 1994 (issued. in 1997) (Latest vision). In the present scenario of resource constraint and to tide over the shortage of electricity in the country, Renovation, Modernization & Up rating (RMEU) of the existing old hydro electric power projects is considered an important option, as this is cost effective can be achieved quickly as compare to setting up of green field power projects. The cost per MW of a new hydro electric power project works out to about Rs. 4 to 5 Crores whereas the cost per MW of capacity addition through up-rating and life extension of old hydroelectric power project works out to about 20% of the cost of a new hydro-electric project. Further, the R&M ofa hydro project can be completed in 1 to 3 years depending upon scope of works as compared to gestation period of 5 to 6 years for new hydro project. Recognizing the benefits of the R&M of hydroelectric power projects, Govt. of India set up a National Committee in 1987 anda Standing ‘Committee in 1998 and have identified the projects / schemes to be taken up for implementation under R&M, The National Perspective Plan document for R&M of hydro electric power projects in the country was also prepared in CEA. during the year 2000, incorporating the status of various projects schemes already identified for implementation’ completion till the end of the XI” Plan, ie. the year 2011-12. Under the hydro R&M programme, 65 (15 in Central Sector and 50 in State Sector) hydro electric schemes (13 up to the VIII* Plan, 20 in the IX" Plan &32in the X* Plan) with an installed capacity of 10510.70 MW at a cost of about Rs.1,729.90 cores have been completed by the end of the X* Plan (ie by 31" March 2007) & have accrued. benefit of 2351.11 MW. For the XI" Plan (2007-12), a total of 62 hydro R&M schemes having an installed capacity of about 11340 MW atan estimated cost of Rs. 4024 Le Crores were programmed (at the beginning of XI" Plan ie. May / June,2007) to accrue a benefit, of about 4392 MW through Life Extension, Uprating and Restoration. During Dec., 2007 M/s. RRVPNL (Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Prasaran Nigam Limited) declared two hydro R&M schemes of Rajasthan as closed due to non- receipt of approval from the Madhya Pradesh as the projects are Inter-State projects. Hence a total no. of 60 hydro R&M schemes are now under implementation during the XI* Plan. Out of 60 schemes, till date only one scheme of the State Sector with an installed capacity of 10 MW. at a cost of about Rs.24 Crores has been completed and has accrued a benefit of 50 MW. through Life Extension & Up rating and 41 schemes are On-going, On balance 18 schemes the works have yet to take off. However, 17 nos. of hydro electric schemes having an installed capacity of 2,186.00 MW, which were originally programmed for completion during XI” Plan, have now been shifted to XI Plan, as utilities are not in a position either to carry out RLA studies or units cannot be stopped due to heavy demand for power. After completion of the R&M works of the balance 43 schemes projects, there would be a benefit of 1936.00 MW at an estimated cost of Rs, 845.93 Crores. (provisional)In exercise of the Power conferred in environmental (protection) Act 1986 and in pursuance of the orders of the Hon'ble High Court, Delhi, the Central Govt, has issued the following directions coming in force with effect from 14" Sept.'1999 and as amended in Aug.'2003: No person shall within a radius of one hundred kilometers from coal or lignite based thermal power plants, manufacture clay bricks or tiles or blocks for use in construction activities without mixing at least 25 per cent of ash (flash, bottom. ash or pond ash) with soil on weight to weight = basis oras notified by the Govt from time to time. Every construction agency engaged in the construction of buildings shall use fly ash bricks or blocks or tiles or clay fly ash bricks or cement fly ash bricks or similar products for road construction with aggregate of them in such. combinations as per the specified minimum. percentage (by volume} of the total bricks, blocks and tiles, as the case may be, used in each. construction project. The above provisions shall be taken into consideration for construction of hydro projects, and their infrastructural development including, structures, buildings and roads etc. Ere in Uttarakhand Y Tanakpur Power StatSALIENT FEATURES OF THE APPROVED R&R PROVISION: FOR HYDRO POWER PROJECTS. The following provisions shall be applicable even if one family is affected by the development of a Hydro Power Project. ‘A Project Affected Family (PAF) shall mean a family whose place of residence or other property, or source of livelihood has been affected by the development of a hydro project and who have been residing in the affected zone for two years preceding the date of declaration of notification under Section-4 of LA Act. The affected family would also include squatters. ‘A person normally residing in the affected zone for two years preceding the date of declaration of the affected zone and earns his / her livelihood principally by manual labour on agricultural land, APPENDIX A person normally residing in the affected zone for two years preceding the date of declaration of the affected zone and who does not hold any land in the affected zone but earns his / her livelihood principally by manual labour or as rural artisan or a service provider to the community. ‘A family occupying government land in the affected zone without a legal title, at least for 5 years prior to the date of declaration of notification under Section-4 of L.A. Act. This policy aims to provide built up houses to Project Affected Families (PAFs) who get displaced due to the development of hydro projects to the extent possible. However, wherever opted for, liberal House Construction. Allowance would be given in lieu. ‘This policy also emphasizes the need to provide training to the Project Affected Families as well as to the local population for a sustainedlivelihood. Special training programmes from ITIs aimed at providing the required skills to the local population would be undertaken by the Project developers at least six months prior to commencement of construction. This is expected to boost the employability of the PAFs and other people residing in the vicinity of the project. This Policy envisages additional provisions for Project Affected Families such as: + scholarships for meritorious students, + extension of medical facilities, + marriage grants, + subsistence grants, + support for income generation schemes for cooperatives and self help groups, + seed, pesticides and fertilizer subsidies, and irrigation support. Besides the additional provisions mentioned above, the normally applicable provisions of the National Policy on Rehabilitation and Resettlement, currently in force, would continue tobeapplicableUpstream view of Dibang River at the proposed Dam Axis of fl 3000 MW Dibang Multipurpose Project of NHPC in Arunachal PradeshAnnexure la STATUS OF HYDRO ELECTRIC POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT Co Oteteg once tet Sts) ‘As on 31.12.2007 NORTHERN Jammu &Kashmir 14146 [1864.2 13.18 | 899.0 6.36 | 2763.2 19.53 | 11382.9 80.47 Himachal Pradesh 18820 | 6085.5 32.34 [4435.0 23.57 [105205 55.90 | 8299.6 44.10 Punjab gm | 12977 100.00 0.0 0.00 | 12977 133.64 0.0 0.00 Haryana 64 | 624 9750 00 0.00 | 624 9750 16 2.50 Rajasthan 496 | 430.0 86.69 00 0.00 | 4300 8669] 66.0 13.31 Uttarakhand isis [275211514 [214.0 11.85 | 49061 26.99 | 13269.0 73.01 Uttar Pradesh m3 | 510.2 7057 oo 0.00 | 5102 7057] 228 29.43 ‘Sub Total (NR) 53395 is001.9 24.35 [7488.0 14.02 |20089.9 38.37 | 329081 61.63, WESTERN Madhya Pradesh 2243-24385 108.72 | 400.0 1783 | 2838.5 100.00 0.0 0.00 (Chihattisgarh rar | 370 611 00 0.00 | 1370 631 | 2105.0 93.89 Gujarat 619 | 555.0 89.66 00 0.00 | 555.0 89.66] 6.0 10.34 Maharashtra 3769 [2653.3 70.40 0.0 0.00 | 2653.3 7040] 1115.7 29.60 Goa 55 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 | 55.0 100.00 Sub Total (WR) 928 [5783.8 64.78 | 400.0 4.48 | 6183.8 69.26 | 2744.2 30.74 SOUTHERN AndhraPradesh 4424 | 20175 45.60 | 4040 9:3 | rans 54.74 | 20025 45.26 Karnataka 6602 [3448.3 52.23 | 230.0 3.48 | 3678.3 55.71 | 2923.7 44.29Annexure 1a contd. Kerala ssi | 18385 5232 | 160.0 455 | 19985 567] 15155 Tamilnadu ais | 15759143 | 600 3a3 | asizs o476| 1006 SubTotal (SR) 16458 | 90618 55.06 | a580 519 | 99158 6025] e423 39.75 EASTERN Jharkhand 733 | 2372 s150 | 00 000 | 2672 3150] sis8 6850 Bihar 70 [ s49 cia [00 000 | 449 sana[ 251 3586 Orisa 2999 | sors 6207 | 1500 500 | 2omus e707] 9875 9295 West Bengal ven [1565 smi | 2920 1028 | sans as79[ 25025 san Sikkimn was | 840 196 | 23090 53.7 | 23900 5583] 18900 44:7 SubTotal (ER) 10949 | 2389.4 2182 | 27510 2513 | si404 4695] 56087 55.05 NORTH FASTERN Meghalaya za | 1852 7m | seo 351 | 2602 124| 2248 8876 Teipura 15 [ 150 1000 | 00 000 | 150 10000] 00 0.00 Manipur vei | 1050 589 | 00 000 | 1050 589] 16790 941 ‘Assam eso | 3750 8525 | 00 000 | a750 ssas| 3080 «4as Nagaland ism [990 629 | 00 ano | 990 629| 14750 9371 ‘Arunachal Pradesh 50828 | 4235 084 | 26000 S17 | 50235 emi| «7045 90.9 Mizoram x6 [00 000 | a0 a0 | 00 a0o| 2960 100.00 SubTotal (ER) _ss7i | 12027 208 | 26840 455 | s8067 659 | s50083 95.41 ALLINDIA as7or [s1as9.5 atza [rar720 9.53 [ase16s 30.68 [tos0sas 69.32 Note 1 _Inad8dition toabove 4335 MW PSS isunder operation and another 47 MW isunder construction Note2 The above Table does not include schemes below 3 MW upto March, 2003 and thereafter upto 25MW under construction,