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Design of Bridge Structures: Preface and Contents
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PREFACE
In writing a textbook on Design of Bridges, we have been fully aware of the excellent books on
the subject already on the market. In this instance, we have striven to fulfil four needs not
perhaps met by these existing works. One is of the civil engineering student ,who requires a
book that covers the subject upto, approximately, degree or diploma standard. The second is of
the student ,who needs the hydraulic aspects and structural design aspects of the bridge in one
cover. The third is of the student, who needs the bridge drawing in a greater detail. And fourth is
of the practicing engineers who need a ready reckoner on hydraulic and structural design aspects
of bridges.
With these requirements in mind, we have set out to discuss all the aspects normally included
under the subject by examining bodies of the most of the engineering institutes in India, The
book opens up with two sections viz., section I and section II.
Section –I deals with hydraulic design aspects of bridge. This section covers the importance of
hydraulic factors in the design of bridges, computation of peak flood flows, hydraulic geometry
of river channels, linear waterway, economic span and scour. Problems have been solved at the
end of each topic.
Section –II deals with structural design and drawing of Masonry arch bridge,Pipe culvert, Deck
slab bridge, Box culvert, T-beam bridge, Plate girder bridge and composit bridge. The designs
are made in strict compliance of various IRC codes. The designs are illustrated with figures and
at the end of each chapter, full-fledged drawing is appended. Further, other aspects like
design of substructures, foundations and bearings are also discussed.
At the end of each section Computer programs coded in C-language is finished.
CONTENTS
Preface
Acknowledgements
SECTION-I : Hydraulic Design
Importance of hydraulic factors in the design of bridges
Computation of peak flood flow
Empirical methods
Envelop curves
Flood flows and catchment scale small catchments characteristics
Methods of analysis
Rational method
Runoff concentration
Concentration time
Concentration time formulae
Application of rational method
Composite catchments
Types of catchment response
Concentrated catchment
Superconcentrated catchment
Subconcentrated catchment
Midsize catchment
Characteristics
Methods of analysis
Runoff curve numbers
Unit hydrograph method
Preparation of unit hydrograph - direct method
Derivation of unit hydrograph from direct runoff hydrograph
Change in unit hydrograph duration
Super position method
S hydrograph method (sh)
Convolution and composite hydrographs
Large catchments
Frequency analysis of floods
Plotting positions
Curve fitting
Normal distribution
Lognormal distribution
Pearson distribution
Gumbel method
Indirect determination of peak discharge
Hydraulic geometry of river channels
Sand bed channels
Gravel bed channels
Cohesive bed channels
Effect of bridge on river regime
Linear water way
Steams with rigid boundaries
Quasi alluvial steams
Alluvial steams
Sand gravel and cohesive- soil beds
Economic span
Afflux
Scour
Derivation of equations for normal and maximum scour depths (alluvial and quasialluvial
streams)
Maximum scour depth
(local scour)
Local scour at bridge piers
Estimating local scour at non-cylindrical piers
Estimating local scour at pile groups
Questions and problems.
References
Appendix: Computer programes
SECTION-II : Structural Design
Chapter 1 : Design loads for Bridges.
1.1 Introduction.
1.2 Design Loads.
Chapter 2 : Masonry Arch Bridge
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Design Details.
2.3 Dimensioning of substructures.
Examples.
Example for practice.
Plate 1.
Plate 2.
Chapter 3 : Pipe Culverts
3.1 Introduction.
3.2 Flow patterns in pipeculvert.
3.3 Culvert alignment.
3.4 Culvert entrance structures.
3.5 Hydraulic design of pipe culvert.
3.6 Structural design of pipe culvert.
3.7 Classification of RCC pipes.
3.8 Reinforcement in pipes.
Examples.
Example for practice.
Plate. 3.
Chapter:4 Slab bridges
4.1 Introduction.
4.2 Wheel load on Slab
4.3 Effective width method.
4.4 Slab supported on two edges.
4.5 Cantilever Slab.
4.6 Dispersion length
Examples
Design problem
Plate 4.
Chapter 5: Box Culverts
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Design method
Design Example
Example for practice
Chapter 6: Beam and Slab bridge
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Design of Interior panel of slab.
6.3 Pigeauds method.
6.4 Design of longitudinal girders.
6.5 Guyon-Massonet method.
6.6 Hendry – Jaegar method.
6.7 Courbons method
Examples
Example for practice
Plate 5.
Chapter 7: Plate Girder bridge
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Elements of plate girder and their design.
Design example.
Example for practice.
Plate.6
Chapter 8: Composite bridges
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Composite action.
8.3 Shear connectors.
8.4 Design requirements of shear connectors.
8.5 Composite or transformed section
Design Example.
Example for practice.
Plate 7
Chapter 9: Substructures
9.1 Abutments
9.2 Types of Abutments.
9.3 Abutment stability analysis.
9.4 Piers.
9.5 Type of piers
9.6 Loads on piers.
9.7 Analysis of piers.
Examples.
Chapter 10: Bridge foundations
10.1 Types of foundations.
10.2 Well foundations
10.3 Open well foundations
10.4 Well components and their functions.
10.5 Design of Well.
10.6 Pile foundation
10.7 Group of piles
10.8 Design of piles
Examples
Examples for practice.
Plate 8.
Chapter 11: Bearings and Expansion joints
11.1 Bearings
11.2 Forces on bearings
11.3 Types of bearings
11.4 Design of unreinforced elastomeric bearings
11.5 Basis for selection of bearings
Examples
11.6 Expansion joints
11.7 Closed joints
Examples for practice.
References
Appendix: Computer Programs on Design
1. Program for design of Pipe Culvert.
2. Program for design of Slab Culvert.
3. Program for design of box culvert.
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