DON H O N O R I O V E NT U RA S TAT E U N I V E R S I TY

PolyMat: An Automated Plastic Sheet Maker

Daray, Christian P.

Lopio, Daniel O.

Mesina, Jacob I.

Pangan, Leonel P.

Simbulan, Harrence Ivin G.

Torres, Jilmer Melvin A.

Viray, Denise Ann D.

College of Engineering and Architecture,

Don Honorio Ventura State University

CpE-DESIGN 2: CpE Practice and Design 2

Engr. Ruby Rosa N. Puno

August 2023 \

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INTRODUCTION

Plastic waste in the world, and in 2015, it is projected that 2.7 million metric tons of plastic waste were
generated there (Enviliance Asia, 2022). The basis of the current problem should be A4taken into consideration
when evaluating any prospective alternatives. As the pressure from climate change increases, we can see that
P alternatives to harmful items are now appearing. The majority of the plastic trash produced in the nation
natural
a up of single-use, disposable plastics (Paler et al., 2019), which are frequently utilized to package goods
is made
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belonging to various product categories. it is imperative to comprehend and solve the plastic pollution that the
e
Philippines is responsible for (Aruta, 2021). According to World Bank 2020, like many rapidly developing
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countries, the Philippines grapples with unsustainable plastic production/consumption and insufficient solid waste
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management infrastructure. A staggering 2.7 million tons of plastic waste are generated in the Philippines each
year, and an estimated 20 percent ends up in the ocean. Comprised of more than 7,500 islands, the livelihoods of
the Philippines’ coastal communities, and the fishing, shipping and tourism industries are especially vulnerable to
the impacts of marine debris. Understanding the urgent need to address the growth of the plastics industry and
mismanagement of plastic waste, the Philippines is developing and transitioning toward a circular economy. This
study uses a plastic value chain approach to evaluate the Philippines’ plastics recycling industry and its role in
supporting a circular economy. It identifies major challenges, market drivers and opportunities for scaling-up
recycling efforts via targeted public and private sector interventions. Plastic juice pouch was made of linear
polyethylene resin one of the world’s most popular plastics. It is an enormously versatile polymer which is suited
to a wide range of applications from heavy-duty damp proof membranes for new buildings to light, flexible bags
and films properties of polyethylene was flexible, translucent/waxy, weatherproof, good low temperature
toughness (to -60'C), easy to process by most methods, low cost, good chemical resistance (BPF 2019). It will be
decomposed estimated to take approximately 450 years to fully break down, Additionally, plastics how fast breaks
down it defends of exposure on the sunlight.

Under Republic Act No. 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act, local governments are
required to have a framework for reusing, recycling, and composting wastes generated in their jurisdictions (Aika
Rey, 2019). For more than 50 years, global production and consumption of plastics have continued to rise, and
the trend will continue. Studies have estimated plastic production will triple by 2050 (Lyketoft, 2020). This uptick
can be attributed to plastics’ attractive qualities – it’s versatile, lightweight, strong, moisture resistant, and
relatively inexpensive. However, durable and very slow to degrade, plastic materials ultimately become waste
with staying power. Our tremendous attraction to plastic, coupled with over-consuming, discarding, littering, and
thus polluting a material that takes over 400 years to biodegrade, has become an incredibly combination. The
researchers would like to make a device that can help the environment and livelihood in community. Automatic
device that can convert juice plastic pouches into polymat and the beneficiaries of this product are the community
with livelihood. This study aimed to fill this gap by compiling a thorough inventory of technologies that are being
used or being developed to stop the leaking of plastic pollution making some important contributions to the
community and environment, and to the existing literature about controlling plastic pollution.

According to Mr. Walter P. Osera, a MENRO-designate officer of MENRO Apalit, there is a program to
reduce the problem in terms of plastic in Apalit, Pampanga, as well as distribute the plastic waste material to the
cement company to recycle into hollow blocks. Based on the statistics of MENRO Apalit, the total waste material
in a month in Apalit, Pampanga, is 2,400 cubic meters, and in terms of plastic waste material, it has a 32% to 36%

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equivalent of 768 cubic meters or 864 cubic meters, and in terms of tetra pack waste in a month, it has a 5% to
10% equivalent of 38.4 cubic meters to 86.4 cubic meters. The total waste material in a year is 28,800 cubic
meters, and in terms of plastic in a year, it is 9,216 cubic meters.

The machine, PolyMat: An Automated Plastic Sheet Maker was created to help the community of Apalit,
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Pampanga incorporate recycling into their livelihood program, resulting in community growth.
a
g Specifically, this study aimed to offer strategies for reducing the quantity of garbage composed of
usede plastic in a particular locality to produce sustainable products that will benefit their community. Additionally,
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it encouraged them to support initiatives to reduce pollution caused by plastic and focus on utilizing an innovative
2 formed into a plastic pouch to reduce plastic waste, such as plastic bags.
material

More so, this study sought to find the answer to reduce the percentage of waste in terms of plastic and also
to help their community. This was delimited only to the LGU of Municipal of Apalit, Pampanga.

Furthermore, the findings of this study will assist the community of Apalit, Pampanga. This machine uses
eco-friendly materials and contributes significantly to the community and environment, as well as to the current
literature on plastic pollution reduction.

The findings of this study are expected to benefit the community of Apalit, Pampanga, by providing them
with eco-friendly materials and contributing to the control of plastic pollution. The researchers gathered relevant
data during the requirement analysis phase, including the device's purpose, goals, functions, intended users, and
special requirements. They created a strategy that included weekly goals, tasks, tactics, and schedules to
accomplish their objectives. The planning stage of the study helped the researchers maintain their organization
and focus on their goals.

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

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Feedback

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework

Figure 1 displays the concepts that serve as the foundation for the design project. The researchers
developed an IPO model for the Conceptual Frameworks. This IPO model has three processes: input, process, and
output. Input has three requirements: knowledge, hardware, and software. During the process, system testing and
assessment take place, as well as two types of development: hardware and software planning. The study's outcome
is ECOPOU Hat.

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METHODOLOGY

In this study, the researchers adopted a developmental research approach. In contrast to simple instructional
development, developmental research is the systematic study of generating, producing, and analyzing instructional
programs, procedures, and products that must meet internal consistency and effectiveness requirements. To
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calibrate and test the device and guarantee that the results were secure and ready for use, the researcher employed
developmental
a and experimental research methodologies. This research highlighted the study by developing
original
g instructional initiatives. The broadest meaning of development includes growth, evolution, and change.
Thise study demonstrated how the device works by examining its hardware needs and process. Using our block
diagram
| to visualize the system.
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Figure 2: Agile Method

Figure 2 depicts the agile method used for this study. The researchers developed the machine using the Agile
Method, which involves six phases: requirements, design, development, testing, deployment, and review. Using
the Agile method allows researchers to be more flexible, react to changes, and develop each component of the
machine depending on evaluation. It enables the researchers to operate in an organized and effective manner to
construct a machine that supports their study objectives.

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During the Planning phase, the researchers identified and acquired all relevant information about the device's
purpose, goals, functionalities, intended users, and specific needs. The researchers devised a strategy to
accomplish their objectives, which included establishing weekly goals, tasks, strategies, and schedules. The team
members were assigned tasks to achieve their objectives more efficiently. This planning technique helped the
researchers keep organized and focused on their goals throughout the assignment.
P
a The researchers initially utilized seeking through the internet to gather data and build their foundational
knowledge
g regarding the field of study. The researchers sought statistical data regarding plastic pollution and
helping
e the community of Apalit, Pampanga, especially for livelihood programs.
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Block Diagram

P SLICER
POWER SUPPLY
a (cutting system)
g
e ROBOT ARM
| (vacuum)
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SEALER
(Sealing System)

LAMINATING
(lamination
System)

Figure 3. Block Diagram of this study

Figure 3 shows the block diagram of the study. This diagram shows how the device is powered by a power
source and a buck converter to function. The robot arm generates a vacuum to hold and control the tetra pack for
the next process. A slicer or cutting system is a process to cut the right, left, upper, and lower parts of a tetra pack.
The sealer or sealing system needs a temperature of 240 to 270 degrees Celsius to connect the tetra pack to another
tetra pack. The last process is laminating. The lamination system needs to be at 150 degrees Celsius to laminate
the tetra pack to produce one mat.

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Flowchart

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Figure 4. Flowchart of this study

Figure 4 shows the flowchart of this study. The user can put a tetra pack in the first stack container using a
robot arm to hold the tetra pack during the cutting process. In the cutting system, there are two decision-making
processes: left and right. If right, the cutting process is to cut the right side of the tetra pack, while if left, the
cutting process is to cut the left and right sides of the tetra pack. After that, the cutting process is to cut the upper
and lower parts of the tetra pack. Using a robot arm, unfold the tetra pack and go into the sealing process. Using
an ultrasonic sensor, you can sense if you have a tetra. If you have a tetra, the process will continue, but if you
don't, start the process in the stack container and repeat the process. After that, the last process is the lamination
process. All-cut tetra packs have a size of 3 by 4. The tetra pack is laminating in the lamination process, and the
output is PolyMat. If right, the cutting process is to cut the right side of the tetra pack, while if left, the cutting
process is to cut the left and right of the tetra pack. After that, the cutting process is to cut the upper and lower
parts of the tetra pack. Using a robot arm, unfold the tetra pack and go into the sealing process. Using an ultrasonic
sensor, you can sense if you have a tetra. If you have a tetra, the process will continue, but if you don't, start the
process in the stack container and repeat the process. After that, the last process is the lamination process. All cut
tetra packs have a size of 3 by 4. The tetra pack is laminating in the lamination process, and the output is PolyMat.

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In the Implementation Phase or Development Phase, the device has been implemented based on the
requirement needed. The software and hardware specifications used during the development of the device are as
follows:

P Table 1. Software and Hardware Specifications

a
g
Specification
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Software Hardware for Conveyer
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8 Sanding Belt(4inch by 34inch)
Slotted Angle Bar, 2 meter
608 Bearing
8mm Threaded rod (10cm)
8mm Bolt (50cm)
8mm Nut
washer, (9mm ID, 24mm OD)
¾ PVC Pipe Sch.
Hardware for Laminating
Laminating Machine
Hardware for Arrange mechanism
PCA9685 I2C Servo
Motor Controller

C++ Servo Motor SG92R

Hardware for Siding Cutter
Linear Bearing 8mm
Shaft (8mm, 25cm)
Bearing seat
Bearing
Lead Screw (25cm) with nut
NEMA 17 Bipolar
Stepper Motor
Motor Driver, A4988
Cutter Blades
Hardware for Controller
PC817 optocoupler
12V Relay 5pins
MOSFET 840B
Resistor 1K

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DIODE 1N4007
ATMEGA328P
DIP SLOT for ATMEGA328p
ARDUINO UNO
P Buck converter 12V to 5V
a L298 Motor Driver
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Hardware for other materials
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| Bolt and Nut - 3mm x 1 inch,
9 Bolt and Nut - 3mm x ½ inch
Bolt and Nut - 5mm x ¾ inch
Copper Clad Board Single Side, 12x12
Ferric Chloride Powder, 1kg
SMPS Power Supply 220V to 12V 40A
Terminal Block 2pins
Wire Duplex #18, 5 meters
Wire Ferrule 1mm²
Terminal Lugs (Ring Type)
Heat Shrink Tubes
1/32 drill bits
1/16 drill bits
Hacksaw Blade
Soldering Lead (Ichiban), 10m
Sticker Paper A4
Chopping Board White, Large,
Cordless Drill (12V)
Soldering Paste
Crimping Tool

This table shows the software and hardware specifications of this study. We use a programming language
like C++, while our hardware is divided into five properties, such as hardware for conveyers, laminating,
arranging mechanisms, cutting, controllers, and other material needs.

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Structural Design

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Figure 5: Structural Design of this study

This entire figure 5 shows the structural design of this study and shows the processes in this device, such as
the vacuuming process, cutting process, sealing process, and sealing process. In the vacuuming process, the tetra
pack is sorted. The cutting process is to cut the tetra pack on the left side, right side, upper side, and lower side of
the tetra pack. The sealing process is to seal the cut tetra pack. The storage process is divided into two divisions:
the first division is storage for used and uncut tetra packs, and the other division is storage for cut and sealed tetra
packs.

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Schematic Diagram

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Figure 6: Schematic Diagram for Microcontroller for cutting system of this study

Figure 6 shows the schematic diagram of the microcontroller for the cutting system. In both cutters,
ATMEGA328P has two capacitors (the value is 22 pf), a crystal oscillator, and three connectors.

Figure 7: Schematic Diagram for Power Supply of this study

Figure 7 shows the schematic diagram of the power supply. In this power supply, there are three LM7805
voltage regulators and two capacitors, each with a unit 1U capacitor.

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Figure 8: Schematic Diagram for Terminal of this study

Figure 8 shows the schematic diagram for the terminal. In this terminal, there is a four-pin header for a
three-limit switch for the robotic arm to control and limit the movement in the x and y axes of the robotic arm and
a servo motor.

Figure 9: Schematic Diagram for limiting move of this study

Figure 9 shows the schematic diagram for the limit for the robot arm. In this terminal, there are four
microcontrollers: ATMEGA328P, two servo motors, and a header, while the limit switch part has three resistors
and three headers.

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Figure 10: Schematic Diagram for heating element of this study

Figure 10 shows the schematic diagram of the heating element. This heating element has two processes:
sealing and lamination. In the lamination process, there is one relay, two resistors, one diode, one transistor, one
photoisolator consisting of an infrared diode and a phototransistor, and one header for the MCU laminator.

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Circuit Diagram

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Figure 11: Top Layer of Panel box for Circuit Diagram of this study

Figure 12: Bottom Layer of Panel box for Circuit Diagram of this study

Figure 13: Top Layer of Panel box for 3D Circuit Diagram of this study

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Figure 14: Bottom of Panel box Layer for 3D Circuit Diagram of this study

Figure 15: Top and Bottom of Panel box Layer for Actual Circuit Diagram of this study

Figures 12 to 14 show the circuit diagram of panel box. The panel box consists of all processes on one
PCB board to make it easier and to avoid over-wiring for all processes

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Figure 16: XYZ Axis

In figure 16, The moving mechanism of the machine is a three-axis linear rail. The horizontal axis x and y
are moved by two stepper motors with GT2 belt and pulley system. While the vertical axisz is moving using a
lead screw connected to another stepper moto

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Figure 17: Picking and unfolding mechanism

In figure 17. The picking and unfolding mechanism is attached to the z axis of the moving mechanism. The
role of the picking and unfolding mechanism is to transport the plastic pouches into the different stages of the
machine. The unfolding mechanism is responsible for unfolding the plastic pouch with only one side not cut and
the three sides were already cut prior to placing the plastic pouch to the output stack.

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Figure 18: Bottom and top cutter

In figure 18. The bottom-top cutter is the first place where the plastic pouch is placed where the bottom
and top sides of will be cut. The cutting mechanism is composed of a cutting blade attached to a servo motor. The
servo motor and cutter is attached to the linear rail powered by a stepper motor.

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Figure 19: Side Cutter

In figure 19, The side cutter is the second destination of the plastic pouch when its bottom and top sides
are already cut. The same cutting mechanism is used. It is responsible for cutting one side of the plastic pouch.

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Figure 20: Laminating

In figure 20. Laminating is the last process of machine to flatten the plastic pouch and make it strong.
Tetra pack that has a heat-sealing temperature of 140 degrees Fahrenheit, or 76.6 degrees Celsius.

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Figure 21: Sealing process

In figure 21, in our manual testing, we use a tetrajuice and a sachet of cracker sealer. This figure shows
the sealing manually by using a sealer machine. A tetra pack is a kind of plastic made of polyethylene that has a
heat-sealing temperature of 140 degrees Fahrenheit, or 76.6 degrees Celsius.

Figure 22:Laminating process

In figure 22, in our manual testing, we use a tetra juice and sachet of cracker laminate manually at a
temperature of 140 degrees Fahrenheit, or 76.6 degrees Celsius, in 10 seconds of laminating to make sure the tetra
packs are combined with each other.

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A =wl
P Figure 23: Area of rectangle formula
a
where,
g
e
A= area
| of the actual polymat.
w= width
22 per tetra pack
l=length per tetra pack
The area of a rectangle is equal to the base of the tetra pack times the height of the tetra pack. Unlike the square,
the sides of the tetra pack are equal “two to two”, so we have to multiply its base by its height to calculate the area
of the tetra pack.

In addition, system testing will be carried out by the researchers to guarantee the system's usability,
functionality, and efficiency. The researchers would do a System Evaluation based on the ISO/IEC 25010:2011
quality standards when the gadget was fully functional, reliable, usable, and [Link]/IEC 25010:2011 is an
essential resource that organizations, developers, and evaluators can rely on to guarantee that software products
meet the required quality standards and effectively fulfill the needs of end-users. It provides a comprehensive
framework for assessing and improving the quality characteristics of software, enabling consistent and objective
evaluations. By adhering to the guidelines and metrics outlined in ISO/IEC 25010:2011, stakeholders can ensure
that their software products are of high quality and deliver optimal user experiences. The participants would have
an option in how they would score the device using the rating scale and descriptive rating.

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Table 2: Rating Scale of the System Evaluation

DESCRIPTIVE RATING RATING SCALE

Excellent 5
P
a Very Satisfied 4
g
Satisfied 3
e
| Below Average 2
23
Poor 1

Table 2 details how the respondents rated the researchers' equipment. The respondents were asked to rate
the researchers' statements on a scale of 5 for Excellent, 4 for Very Satisfied, 3 for Satistied, 2 for Below Average,
and 1 for Poor. In order to accurately assess the system's functionality, dependability, usability, and efficiency
based on the responses of the participants, the findings of the evaluation survey would be added up using the
weighted mean and descriptive ratings.

Figure 24: Weighted Mean Formula

The weighted mean is a type of mean that is calculated by multiplying the weight (or probability)
associated with a particular event or outcome with its. To get the overall assessment on the functionality,
efficiency, compatibility, usability, reliability, security, maintainability, and portability of the system, the
following conversion was used for descriptive rating.

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Table 3: Descriptive Rating of the Weighted Mean for System Evaluation

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Table 3 shows the descriptive rating of the machine based on the survey that’s been conducted. By
computing the weighted mean as stated on Figure 24, the machine can be evaluated based on the table shown
above.

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Result and Discussion

The forthcoming figures will showcase the outcomes of the research, encompassing the various
hardware and their respective functions within the device. This includes cutting, Laminating and sealing
process.

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Figure 25: Mechanism of Cutting process

In the cutting process, the problem was encountered in the first place. The researchers used a Sintra
board for the material, and they noticed that the servo motor couldn’t handle the Sintra board because
the servo motor had high pressure, causing it to break. The researchers used a chopping board as an
alternative to the Sintra board. The hardness of chopping can handle the pressure of the servo motor.

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Figure 26: Changing of Material

While cutting the tetra pouch, the researchers encountered a problem because inside the zesto
plastic pouch, there’s remaining juice, and the juice leaked into the components. The researchers try to
use PET plastic to solve the problem; this pet plastic is commonly used in junk food.

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Figure 27: Mechanism of robotic arm

In this robotic arm, the researchers encountered a problem because they used one motor per axis.
The motor can’t pull the arm because it’s heavy and it needs more pressure to pull the arm. To solve the
problem, the researchers added more steppers to make the robotic arm work properly.

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Figure 28: Unfolding Mechanism

The researchers discovered a difficulty in the vacuum: when both motors are working, the electric
current reduces because the power source employed is only 40 amps, and each DC motor requires 35
amps. To fix the problem, the researchers add a power supply to provide enough power for the remaining
components.

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Conclusion

`In conclusion, the study "PolyMat: An Automated Plastic Sheet Maker" demonstrates the potential of
automated technology in the conservation and documentation of community-based by using a plastic pouch to be
an environmentally friendly device by analyzing the needs of the community. This approach addresses the
challenges
P posed by the fragility, sensitivity, and limited mobility.
a
The automatic device enables to help, including community, educators, researchers, and the public, to study
g
and access. The development of Polymat, the software/system employed in this study, demonstrates a high level
e
of functional suitability, performance efficiency, compatibility, usability, reliability, security, maintainability, and
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portability.
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Polymat offers suitable functions and features for users, operates consistently and reliably, and presents a
highly accessible. The device efficiently performs tasks such as automatic laminating, cutting, and sealing. Based
on the assessments conducted and ISO/IEC 25010 standards, Polymat proves to be a dependable and efficient tool
for artifact conservation and documentation.

Recommendation

The current study can be interpreted as a first step in the research to find the local. However, the results of
this study should be treated with caution due to the small sample size and the lack of details regarding the
participants' characteristics.

Future research could first determine the safety of the prototype to the user, and for the hardware term, the
prototype should have a cover for a sensor-based stop page; thoughtful actuators from stepper motors to servo
motors or DC motors; improve the wiring system; and lastly, leadscrews must have a cover to protect against dust.

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REFERENCES

Enviliance ASIA (2022), “Plastic Pollution Issues” [Link]

plastic-pollution-issues

P
UN Environment
a Programme (2022). “Our planet risking on plastic” [Link]
g plastic-pollution/
e
Lykketoft
| (2020)“ The new plastic economy ”
30 [Link]

Child Hope (2021). “The importance of Technology in Philippine Education”

[Link]

Borrelle, S. B., Ringma, J., Law, K. L., Monnahan, C. C., Lebreton, L., McGivern, A., et al. (2020).
“Predicted Growth in Plastic Waste Exceeds Efforts to Mitigate Plastic Pollution”
[Link]

C. Salazar, M. Jaime, M. Leiva, N. GonzáleJ. Environ. Psychol., 80 (2022) “ From theory to action:
explaining the process of knowledge attitudes and practices regarding the use and disposal of plastic
among school children “
[Link]

L.J. Meijer, T. van Emmerik, R. van der Ent, C. Schmidt, L. Lebreton (2021)” More than 1000 rivers account
for 80% of global riverine plastic emissions into the ocean Sci. Adv., 7 (18) “
[Link]

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APPENDIX A
(Gantt Chart)

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Table 4: Gantt Chart

1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH 1ST 1ST 1ST 1ST

MONTH MONTH MONTH MONTH MONTH MONTH MONTH MONTH
IDENTIFY RESEARCH AREA
P
a
FORMULATE RESEARCH QUESTION
g
FORMULATE RESEARCH STRATEGY,
e
RESEARCH DESIGN AND SELECT METHODS
|
WRITE RESEARCH PROPOSAL
32
LITERATURE REVIEW
DATA COLLECTION
DATA ANALYSIS

WRITE FIRST DRAFT

WRITE SECOND DRAFT
WRITE FINAL DRAFT
DISSERTATION DUE

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APPENDIX B
(Inventory List)

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FINANCIAL PLAN
Estimated Budget Of The Project In this study show the cost of all hardware
requirement of this device.

TableP 5: Cost of Material

a
g Item Qty. Price Total
e Stepper Motor Driver
TB6600 5 ₱ 349.00 ₱ 1,745.00
Nema | 17 Stepper Motor Right Angle Mounting Bracket 5 ₱ 150.00 ₱ 750.00
34 Motor NEMA
Stepper 3 ₱ 799.00 ₱ 2,397.00
Stepper Motor Driver DRV8825 Breakout Board 5 ₱ 132.00 ₱ 660.00
Aluminum Heat Sink Heatsink 10 ₱ 18.00 ₱ 180.00
CNC Stepper Motor Driver Shield Ramps 1.4 2 ₱ 299.00 ₱ 598.00
220VAC 10A Power Switch Fused Rocker Switch Socket 1 ₱ 34.00 ₱ 34.00
AC Power Wall Cord US Plug Wire Cable 1 ₱ 75.00 ₱ 75.00
Silicone CPU heat dissipation insulating sheets 2 ₱ 79.00 ₱ 158.00
Mega 2560 Motherboard R3 ver. 1 ₱ 1,149.00 ₱ 1,149.00
Mega 2560 Motherboard CH340G ver. 1 ₱ 999.00 ₱ 999.00
Mega 2560 Breakout Board 2 ₱ 375.00 ₱ 750.00
Hook up Wire 2 ₱ 449.00 ₱ 898.00
Speed Controller PWM Regulator 3 ₱ 97.00 ₱ 291.00
Servo Tester 2 ₱ 99.00 ₱ 198.00
Servo Motor MG996R 4 ₱ 250.00 ₱ 1,000.00
620pcs Dupont Connector 2.54mm 2 ₱ 275.00 ₱ 550.00
Ultrasonic Sensor Module HC-SR04 W/Bracket 10 ₱ 89.00 ₱ 890.00
L298N DC Dual H-Bridge Stepper Motor Driver 4 ₱ 75.00 ₱ 300.00
PC817 4 Channels Optocoupler Isolation Module 2 ₱ 99.00 ₱ 198.00
100PCS 1N5401 DIODE 3A 100V 1 ₱ 199.00 ₱ 199.00
Resistor Lead Bending Tool 1 ₱ 349.00 ₱ 349.00
UV Light LED 1 ₱ 440.00 ₱ 440.00
840 Pcs Assorted Solderless Jumper Wire Kit 1 ₱ 312.00 ₱ 312.00
Soldering Lead Solder Wire 1 ₱ 430.00 ₱ 430.00
Soldering Helping Hand Kit 1 ₱ 999.00 ₱ 999.00
12V R385 Water Pump diaphragm type 3 ₱ 215.00 ₱ 645.00
2M Silicone Hose Tube Tubing 2 ₱ 234.00 ₱ 468.00
1Meter 64P 1.27mm PITCH Color Flat Ribbon Cable 10 ₱ 207.00 ₱ 2,070.00
Brushless Motor ESC 8 ₱ 319.00 ₱ 2,552.00
Brushless Motor 1607 CCW 8 ₱ 432.00 ₱ 3,456.00
Magnetic Screw Tray Plate 2 ₱ 78.00 ₱ 156.00

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Battery Voltage Tester 2 ₱ 104.00 ₱ 208.00

Push Pull Type Linear Solenoid Switch 3 ₱ 177.00 ₱ 531.00
10pcs Corner L Bracket Connector 3030 5 ₱ 179.00 ₱ 895.00
10pcs Drop-in T-stud 10 ₱ 110.00 ₱ 1,100.00
10pcs
P Flaned Nut 10 ₱ 60.00 ₱ 600.00
Aluminum
a End Cap 10 ₱ 115.00 ₱ 1,150.00
Aluminum
g Flat Bar 1/8 x 1/2 x 32 inches 5 ₱ 135.00 ₱ 675.00
e
Aluminum Profile T-Slot 30 x 30 9ft. 10 ₱ 1,199.00 ₱ 11,990.00
| dupont crimping tool plier set
SN-28B 1 ₱ 1,260.00 ₱ 1,260.00
35 terminal ferrule
dupont 1 ₱ 360.00 ₱ 360.00
Photosensitive Dry Film Sheet 0.3mx1m 4 ₱ 112.00 ₱ 448.00
4PCS Universal BGA Stencil Reball Pin 1 ₱ 217.00 ₱ 217.00
1Set CCL Anti-Etching PCB Circuit Board Ink Marker 1 ₱ 329.00 ₱ 329.00
3.5x5x1.5mm Cores Ring Filter Toroidal Ferrite Bead 1 ₱ 98.00 ₱ 98.00
DC Power Filter Board 10 ₱ 79.00 ₱ 790.00
20Pcs Commonly-used Slow Blow Fuse 1 ₱ 65.00 ₱ 65.00
Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor Set Kit 1 ₱ 439.00 ₱ 439.00
20Pcs X2 Safety Capacitor 1 ₱ 61.00 ₱ 61.00
Correction Capacitor Set 1 ₱ 179.00 ₱ 179.00
Commonly-used Transistor Set Kit 1 ₱ 108.00 ₱ 108.00
16Pcs Transistor Set Assortment Kit 1 ₱ 171.00 ₱ 171.00
Transistor Insulator TO-220 1 ₱ 41.00 ₱ 41.00
Transistor Insulator Pad 2 ₱ 41.00 ₱ 82.00
50Pcs 4.8mm Inserts Plug Male Terminal PCB Solder Lug 1 ₱ 68.00 ₱ 68.00
50Pcs 6.3mm Inserts Plug Male Terminal PCB Solder Lug 1 ₱ 76.00 ₱ 76.00
50Pcs 2.8mm Inserts Plug Male Terminal PCB Solder Lug 1 ₱ 61.00 ₱ 61.00
50Pcs Female Spade Connector with Insulating Sleeves 1 ₱ 67.00 ₱ 67.00
2.8mm
50Pcs Female Spade Connector with Insulating Sleeves 1 ₱ 75.00 ₱ 75.00
4.8mm
50Pcs Female Spade Connector with Insulating Sleeves 1 ₱ 84.00 ₱ 84.00
6.3mm
5Pcs WH148 3Pin Linear Potentiometer 1 ₱ 52.00 ₱ 52.00
10Pcs/lot WH148 potentiometer knob cap 1 ₱ 40.00 ₱ 40.00
Brushless DC Fan for Heatsink Cooler 6 ₱ 66.00 ₱ 396.00
Resistor Set 1 ₱ 158.00 ₱ 158.00
Resistor Capacitor Set 1 ₱ 600.00 ₱ 600.00
100Pcs 24AWG Tin-Plated Breadboard PCB Solder Cable 5 ₱ 131.00 ₱ 655.00
100Pcs 24AWG Tin-Plated Breadboard PCB Solder Cable 1 ₱ 68.00 ₱ 68.00
Diode Set Assorted Kit 8Values 1 ₱ 96.00 ₱ 96.00

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20Pcs Zener Diode 1 ₱ 49.00 ₱ 49.00

Zener Diode Kit 14 values 2 ₱ 137.00 ₱ 274.00
50Pcs High Voltage Ceramic Capacitor 1 ₱ 48.00 ₱ 48.00
100x Ferrite Sleeve Core EMI 3.5x5x1.5mm Cores Ring Filter 1 ₱ 98.00 ₱ 98.00
10pcs BT139-600E
P TRIAC 1 ₱ 98.00 ₱ 98.00
10pcs BT137-600E
a TRIAC 1 ₱ 94.00 ₱ 94.00
25 sets 2p
g 3p 4 pin VH 3.96mm Pitch Pin Header 2 ₱ 292.00 ₱ 584.00
10pcs 20x15x10MM
e Aluminum TO-220 Heatsink 3 ₱ 102.00 ₱ 306.00
|
20Pcs Metal film resistor 3W 2 ₱ 61.00 ₱ 122.00
36 Optical Axis Linear Rail Shaft 8mm
10pcs/set 4 ₱ 1,394.00 ₱ 5,576.00
1pc LM8UU Linear Bushing 15 ₱ 44.00 ₱ 660.00
1pcs SHF8 12mm linear rail shaft support 10 ₱ 100.00 ₱ 1,000.00
T8-400mm Lead Screw Set KP08 Shaft Coupling Thread 8mm 4 ₱ 590.00 ₱ 2,360.00
LMK8LUU type 10mm flange linear bearing 20 ₱ 103.00 ₱ 2,060.00
10pcs 20teeth and GT2 timing Belt set 2 ₱ 885.00 ₱ 1,770.00
T8 Anti Backlash Normal Nut for 8mm Threaded Rod Lead Screws 4 ₱ 62.00 ₱ 248.00
T8 Anti Backlash Nut for 8mm Threaded Rod Lead Screws 4 ₱ 81.00 ₱ 324.00
T8 Lead Screw Nut Housing Bracket 4 ₱ 156.00 ₱ 624.00
D19L25 5x8mm Aluminum CNC Motor Jaw Shaft Coupler 4 ₱ 62.00 ₱ 248.00
Overall total ₱ 66,732.00

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APPENDIX C
(List of Component)

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Table 6: Electronic parts

Name of
Description
Component
This component is used to input
the command using the Arduino
P code.
a
g
Atmega328P
e
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Utilized to create interactive

objects that can stand alone
Uno R3 Board or be linked to computer
(Arduino Uno) software.

This component used to

command the rollers of the
lamination process.
STEPPER
MOTOR

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Used by everyday objects Disc

trays in home electronics such as
Servo Motor Blu-ray and DVD players are
extracted and retracted by means
of servos. Servo motors are also
P utilized in cars. Servo motors are
a utilized in contemporary
g automobiles to regulate speed.
e
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To step down voltage of the

given input in order to achieve
required output,
some cases, generating a
Buck Convertor negative voltage from a positive
input voltage source may be
required.

makes use of USB to

establish a virtual COM port
CP2102 USB 2.0 to on your computer. This port
TTL Uart Module can handle many standard
Baud Rates for serial
transmission, which are
useful for debugging,
programming, and using
development boards as
microcontrollers for PC
interface.

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Use it to connect with sensors,

Arduino boards,
ATmega328 integrated
CP2102 Micro circuits, ESP8266 modules, and
USB 2.0 to TTL other serial (UART)compatible
P Uart Module devices. These modules have
a
the wonderful virtue of not
g
requiring you to install
e
any drivers on
|
Windows PCs.
40

Used in robotics, home

improvement projects, and
5G 92R SG90 Micro educational applications. In
9g servo nylon situations where little torque
is needed, it is inexpensive,
lightweight, and has
plastic gears. Larger
servos are widely used in
robotics to control artificial
arms, hands, and other
objects, albeit this one
is considerably
smaller.

By transferring pressure
from a stepper motor to a
D19l25 5x8 in lead screw, these flexible
aluminum cnc couplings enable movement
in an actuator.

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to
To enable TTL signal-using
devices and computers
communicate with each other
Usb to ttl
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Used to describe an
independent electrical device
that precisely and efficiently
Full metal servo rotates machine parts. This
motor's output shaft can be
adjusted to a specific angle,
location, and velocity that a
conventional motor cannot.

perfect for packaging since it

keeps them from oxidizing and
securely closes them. You can
Impulsive sealer also use an impulse sealer for
shipping minor hardware and
other components alongside
larger shipments.

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majority of materials,
Photo electronic sensor including wood, 42
D O N H O N O R I O V E NT U RA S TAT E U N I V E R S I TY
plastic, and metal.
Depending on the type
of sensor, they can even
detect transparent
objects like glass,
plastic, and liquids.

utilized to calculate the

P
speed and distance of an
a
Ultrasonic sensor object. This sensor uses the
g
properties of sound waves
e to calculate an object's
| distance and velocity.
42

use it for
underground
installations as well
Core wire for motor
as attaching it to
5meter
structures or
buildings using CC14
Cable Cleats.

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pressure from the sealing

bars helps to mend the two
Impulsive sealer sides of the material to form
heating element a seal. Once done, the seal
light turns off, indicating
P completion of the heat-
a sealing process.
g
e
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30a light strip power supply,
360w LED display, billboard,
industrial equipment, etc., it
is very effective and widely
utilized.

generally used for fastening,

joining, sealing, or
reinforcement. They are
often narrow circular rings
Ferrule made from metal, or less
commonly, plastic.

controlling various
electrical components like
headlights, wipers, and
fans. They can also be used
5 pin relay in industrial settings for
similar control of electrical
devices.

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Table 5: Non Electronic parts

A screw and a bolt are similar

types of fastener typically
made of metal and
P Screw characterized by a helical
a ridge, called a male thread.
g
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Flat bars are a flat, rectangular

section with square edges varying
in sizes. This costeffective
Flat bar steel product is
suitable for a wide variety of
applications and is distributed into
the construction,
engineering, manufacturing,
mining, grating, fabrication and
many other industries.

piano hinge is a continuous

hinge with a central pin and
same-sized leaves that run
Piano hinge the length of a door or box
lid.

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oil is a light mineral oil

made specifically for
lubricating the moving parts
Singer oil of your sewing machine.

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Transmission shafts are
usually liable to bending
moment, torsional moment,
axial tensile force and their
8mm shaft combinations.

A cable tie is a type of

fastener for holding items
Cable ties together, primarily electrical
cables and wires.

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A pulley is a wheel on an
axle or shaft enabling a taut
Pulley cable or belt passing over
the wheel to move and
change direction, or transfer
P power between itself and a
a shaft.
g
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A Linear Rail System is
designed to support the
movement and load of a
Linear rail support piece of equipment in a
linear way, either vertically
or horizontally.

A metal bracket is a fastener

or connector designed to
secure and hold two pieces
or objects together.

Bracket

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A tension bar is a metal bar

that is used to apply or resist
Tension bar tensile strain.

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Rotary bearings hold

Bearing rotating components such as
shafts or axles
within mechanical
systems and
transfer axial and radial
loads from the source of the
load to the
structure supporting
it.

In a piston engine, either a

timing belt (also called a
Timing belt cambelt) or timing chain or
set of timing gears is a
perishable component used
to synchronize the rotation
of the crankshaft and the
camshaft.

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APPENDIX D
(ISO 25010 Evaluation Questionnaire)

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Figure 29: Survey questionnaire page 1 for expert

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Figure 30: Survey questionnaire page 2 for expert

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Figure 31: Survey questionnaire page 3 for expert

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Figure 32: Survey questionnaire page 4 for expert

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Figure 33: Survey questionnaire last page for expert

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APPENDIX E
(Interview by Expert
Documentation)

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Figure 34: Interviewing by Engr. Raul D. Canlas

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APPENDIX F
(Conduct Interview)

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Figure 35: Interviewing to community of Apalit , Pampanga

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Figure 36: Interviewing to MENRO designated officer Mr. Walter P. Osera

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APPENDIX G
(Coding using Arduino IDE)

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#include <Servo.h>
//Declare pins for the servo
const byte PservoSDCutterBladePin = 5 ;
const byte aservoSDCutterFlapPin = 6 ;
const byte gservoSDCutterTopPin = 9 ;
const byte eservoSDCutterSidePin = 10 ;
const byte | servoInterval = 1000;
60
//Home position of servo motors
const byte servoSDCutterBladeHome = 0 ; // Home Position for servoSDCutterBlade
const byte servoSDCutterFlapHome = 0 ; // Home Position for servoSDCutterFlap
const byte servoSDCutterTopHome = 0 ; // Home Position for servoSDCutterTop
const byte servoSDCutterSideHome = 110 ; // Home Position for servoSDCutterSide

//Work Position of servo motors

const byte servoSDCutterBladeWork = 90 ; // Work Position for servoSDCutterBlade
const byte servoSDCutterFlapWork = 105 ; // Work Position for servoSDCutterFlap
const byte servoSDCutterTopWork = 20 ; // Work Position for servoSDCutterTop
const byte servoSDCutterSideWork = 80 ; // Work Position for servoSDCutterSide

//Create servo objects for servo library

Servo servoSDCutterBlade;
Servo servoSDCutterFlap;
Servo servoSDCutterTop;
Servo servoSDCutterSide;

//Attach servo objects to corresponding pins

void attachServos (){
[Link](servoSDCutterBladePin);
[Link](servoSDCutterFlapPin);
[Link](servoSDCutterTopPin);
[Link](servoSDCutterSidePin);
}

// Move the servo to the specified position

void moveServo(Servo servo, byte homePos, byte workPos, bool bounce = false) {
[Link](workPos);
delay(servoInterval);

if (bounce) {
[Link](homePos);

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delay(servoInterval);
}
}

void processSerialData() {
P
while ([Link]() > 0) {
a
int command = [Link]();
switch g(command) {
case e0:
|
servoHome();
61
break;
case 1:
sdPreCut();
break;
case 2:
sdAfterCut();
default:
break;
}
}
}
// Move all servos to their home positions
void servoHome() {
[Link](servoSDCutterBladeHome);
[Link](servoSDCutterFlapHome);
[Link](servoSDCutterTopHome);
[Link](servoSDCutterSideHome);
delay(servoInterval);
}

// Move servos in preparation for cutting

void sdPreCut() {
moveServo(servoSDCutterSide, servoSDCutterSideHome, servoSDCutterSideWork, true);
moveServo(servoSDCutterTop, servoSDCutterTopHome, servoSDCutterTopWork, true);
moveServo(servoSDCutterFlap, servoSDCutterFlapHome, servoSDCutterFlapWork, false);
moveServo(servoSDCutterBlade, servoSDCutterBladeHome, servoSDCutterBladeWork, false);
}

// Move servos after cutting

void sdAfterCut() {
moveServo(servoSDCutterFlap, servoSDCutterFlapHome, servoSDCutterFlapWork, true);
moveServo(servoSDCutterBlade, servoSDCutterBladeHome, servoSDCutterBladeWork, true);
}
void setup (){

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attachServos();
[Link](9600);
servoHome();
}
void loop (){
P
processSerialData();
} a
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APPENDIX H
(Definition of Terms)

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A
Atmega328P - is a microcontroller from the Atmel AVR family, which is commonly used in
embedded systems and DIY electronics projects. It is widely used in Arduino boards and other
microcontroller development boards.
P
C
a
g CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR - Used to detect specific characteristic in its surrounding through
e emitting used to detect the target motion.
|
D
64
DIODE 1N5401 - Is a standard recovery rectifier diode that is used in power supply circuits. This
diode comes in dual inline 201 packaging’s.

DC MOTOR - a direct current motor, is a type of electric motor that converts electrical energy into
mechanical energy through the interaction of magnetic fields.

E
ELEC 16V/1000UF - Electrolytic Capacitor widely used in Arduino, development, student projects
and other electronic and electrical experiments etc.

F
FEMALE HEADER - while they act as female headers, the male pins' extended length
connectors allow it to reach through the PCB and connect to another female header underneath —
which means you can stack boards or connections on top of one another.

G
GAUGE STRANDED WIRE - Very versatile size because it is pretty thick but most beads (like
crystals and stone beads) can fit on it. Dead soft is a good way to go with this wire. Good for
making ear wires, headpins, and rosary style wrapped links.

H
HEATSINK HS01 - Properly remove heat from device components to improve device
performance, usually heat sink incorporates a fan or other mechanism to reduce the temperature
of hardware.

IC L293D - Capable to controlling the speed and direction of dc motor or single stepper motor.

IR SENSOR - Used to detect specific characteristic in its surrounding through emitting used to
detect the target motion.

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JUMPER WIRES - The flexible stranded cores allow the wires to be bent and wound in any way
P imaginable. Plus, the hardened male tips on each end allow easy threading into any breadboard.
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MOSFET IRF840B - To control conductivity, or how much electricity can flow, between source
| and terminal based on the amount of voltage applied to its gate terminal.
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P
PULLEY TEAR - Used a rounded tooth profile that guarantees that the belt fits smoothly and
accurately in pulley groove.

R
RESISTOR 1/4 47R - They can also handle temporary overloads much better than film resistors
because the heat is distributed evenly throughout the cylinder of resistive material. That makes
them a good choice for circuits that protect against and absorb pulses and transients.

RESISTOR 1/4 WATT 10 K - 10 K Ohm resistors is often used as a pull-up resistor for an input
pin. For example on Arduinos we can use a 10K Ohm resistor to pull-up an input pin, so that when
the button is pressed, it pulls the input pin high with 5V, triggering an action in our code. S
STEPPER MOTOR - is designed to break up a single full rotation into a number of much smaller
(and essentially equal) part rotations, for practical purposes these can be used to instruct the
stepper motor to move through set degree or angle of rotation.

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APPENDIX I
(Researchers Profile)

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