Scribd
Upload
404 views3 pages

Wave Optics Summary for Class XII

The document discusses various topics related to wave optics including Huygen's wave theory, interference, thin film interference, polarization of light, and more. Key concepts covered are Young's double slit experiment, Malus' law, Brewster's law, and characteristics of interference patterns from different light sources. Various formulas related to these topics are also presented.

Uploaded by

lakshayaggarwal1618
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
404 views3 pages

Wave Optics Summary for Class XII

The document discusses various topics related to wave optics including Huygen's wave theory, interference, thin film interference, polarization of light, and more. Key concepts covered are Young's double slit experiment, Malus' law, Brewster's law, and characteristics of interference patterns from different light sources. Various formulas related to these topics are also presented.

Uploaded by

lakshayaggarwal1618
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Huygen's Wave Theory
  • Interference
  • Coherent Sources
  • Thin Film Interference
  • Shifting of Fringes
  • Lloyd’s Mirror
  • Fresnel’s Biprism
  • Polarisation of Light
  • Key Points
  • Malus Law
  • Polarisation by Reflection

Vidyamandir Classes: Innovating For Your Success

 Huygen's Wave Theory


 Each point source of light is a centre of disturbance from which waves spread in all
directions. The locus of all the particles of the medium vibrating in the same phase at a
given instant is called a wavefront.
 Each point on a wave front is a
source of new disturbance, called
secondary wavelets. These wavelets
are spherical and travel with speed
of light in that medium.
 The forward envelope of the
secondary wavelets at any instant
gives the new wavefront.
 The wave front is always
perpendicular to the direction of
wave propagation.
 Coherent Sources
 Two sources will be coherent if and only if they produce waves of same frequency
(and hence wavelength) and have a constant initial phase difference.
 Interference: YDSE
 Resultant intensity for coherent sources
I  I1  I 2  2 I1 I 2 cos 0

 Resultant intensity for incoherent sources I  I1  I 2


2
 Intensity  width of slit   amplitude 

I1 A12
 
I 2 A22
2 2
I max ( I1  I 2 )  A  A2 
  2
 1 
I min ( I1  I 2 )  A1  A2 
nD
 Distance of nth bright fringe xn 
d
 Path difference  n where n  0,1, 2,3,....

 Distance of mth dark fringe xm 


 2m  1 D
2d

 Path difference   2m  1 where m  0,1, 2,3,....
2

VMC | Revision Booklet | Physics Page 1 Class-XII | Wave Optics


Vidyamandir Classes: Innovating For Your Success
D
 Fringe width  
d
 
 Angular fringe width  
D d
 Shifting of Fringes due to introduction of glass slab
 Path difference produced by a slab x     1 t

 D
 Fringe shift, x     1 t     1 t
 d
 Thin Film Interference
 For reflected Light :

Maxima  2t cos r  (2n  1)
2
Minima  2t cos r  n
 For transmitted light
Maxima  2t cos r  n

Minima  2t cos r  (2n  1)
2
(t = thickness of film,   R.I . of the film)
 Lloyd's Mirror

 The position of dark and bright fringes are reversed relative to the pattern of two real
sources because there is a 180 phase change produced by reflection.
 Fresnel’s Biprism

 Separation between coherent sources d  2a  2aA   1

 Separation between slit plane and screen D  a  b


D   a  b
 Fringe width on screen   
d 2aA    1

VMC | Revision Booklet | Physics Page 2 Class-XII | Wave Optics


Vidyamandir Classes: Innovating For Your Success
 Polarisation Of Light
If the vibrations of a wave are present in just one direction in a plane perpendicular to the
direction of propagation, the wave is said to be polarised or plane polarised. The
phenomenon of restricting the oscillations of a wave to just one direction in the transverse
plane is called polarisation of waves.

 Malus Law

 The intensity of transmitted light passed through an analyser is I  I 0 cos 2 


(  angle between transmission directions of polariser and analyser)
 Polarisation by Reflection
 Brewster's Law : The tangent of polarising angle of incidence at which reflected light
becomes completely plane polarised is numerically equal to refractive index of the
medium.   tan i p ; i p  Brewster's angle and i p  rp  90

 KEY POINTS
 The law of conservation of energy holds good in the phenomenon of interference.
 In YDSE shape of fringes are as follows
 If S1 & S2 are line source then fringes are straight lines.

 If S1 & S 2 are point source such that screen is placed parallel to line joining S1 S 2
then fringes are hyperbola.
 If S1 & S2 are point source such that screen is placed perpendicular to line
joining S1 S 2 then fringes are circular.
 If maximum number of maximas or minimas are asked in the question, use the fact
d
that value of sin  or cos  can't be greater than 1. nmax  . Total maxima

 2nmax  1

VMC | Revision Booklet | Physics Page 3 Class-XII | Wave Optics

You might also like