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Page 2 of 7 - AI Writing Overview Submission ID trn:oi[Link]
Page 3 of 7 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oi[Link]
ALTERNATING DESIGN OF TRANSVERSE REINFOCEMENT WITH NEW DESIGN FOR
CONCRETE BEAMS
Ghumare Minakshi01, Sonawane Karan02, Makhare shubham03, Gaikwad Yash04,
Under the Guidance of
Dhanawate Dnyaneshwar05, Chatur Rohit06, Gandole Vijay07
* 01,02,03,04
Students of Civil Engineering SND Polytechnic, Yeola, Maharashtra, India
* 05, 06,07
Guide and Lecturer in Civil Engineering Department, SND Polytechnic, Yeola, Maharashtra, India
Abstract- In this study, a testing on beams has been performed to compare the shear resisting capacities
between old shape two leg stirrups and new design stirrups. Resisting the shear force is one of the important
features of shear reinforcement. The shear reinforcement represent function of it. The reinforced concrete
beams with two leg vertical stirrups and new designed stirrups are tested. The beams are tested under single
point load (flexural strength test).
Index Terms- Shear Reinforcement, Reinforced concrete beam, New Design, Flexural Strength, Testing
Introduction
Shear reinforcement is designed to resist shear force in excess of the shear strength of concrete. They are
provided in forms of vertical or inclined stirrups or longitudinal reinforcement bent up at 45 degrees at
locations where they are no longer needed to resist bending. And we design new shear reinforced stirrups for
comparison between new design and old two leg vertical stirrups.
Reinforced concrete beams are important structural elements that transmit the load from slab, to columns.
Beams have sufficient safety margin against bending and shear forces, so that it will perform effectively
during its service life. The purpose of shear reinforcement is to prevent failure in shear and to increase beam
ductility and subsequently the likelihood of sudden failure will be reduced. In building construction, stirrups
are most commonly used as shear reinforcement, for their simplicity in fabrication and installation. Normally,
spacing between stirrups is reduced to resist high shear stress. Congestion near the support of RC beams due
to the presence of the closely spaced stirrups increase the cost and time required for installation. Due to
difficulties in construction, bent-up bars are rarely used. In beams with small number of bars provided, the
bent-up bar system is not suitable due to insufficient amount of straight bars left to be extended to the support
as required by the code of practice.
The experimental results show that the shear capacity for beams with identical shear reinforcement ratios
increases significantly when the spacing of the stirrups are increased.
A well-designed reinforced concrete structure, if subjected to extreme overloads, should fail in flexure rather
than shear. Such structures are tough, give warning of approaching failure, and are often capable of resisting
surprisingly large loads. Unlike flexural failures, reinforced concrete shear failures are relatively brittle and,
particularly for members without stirrups, can occur without warning. Because of this, the prime objective
of shear design is to identify where shear reinforcement is required to prevent such a failure, and then in a
less-critical decision, how much is required. Shear reinforcement, usually called stirrups, links together the
flexural tension and flexural compression sides of a member and ensures that the two sides act as a unit.
Shear failures involve the breakdown of this linkage and, for members without stirrups, typically involves
the opening of a major diagonal crack in the manner.
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Flexural strength
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Flexural strength is one measure of the tensile strength of concrete. Typically, flexural strength is thought to
be the measure of the highest tension suffered by the concrete at its moment of rupture. It is an indirect way
of determining the tensile load at which the concrete will fail to stretch and develop cracks.
Shear Strength of Concrete
The shear strength of concrete is defined as its ability to resist forces that cause the material's inner structure
to slide against itself. This can be measured either horizontally or vertically by seeing if a force causes the
object's layers to slide in a horizontal or vertical direction.
Design of 2 Leg Shear Reinforcement and New Design Transverse Reinforcement
Experimental Setup and Testing Setup
In the experimental program carried out, reinforced concrete beams is designed as under reinforced section
using m20 grade concrete and fe500 grade steel. Six reinforced concrete beams were prepared for the test, B1
to B3 are with two leg vertical stirrup and NB1 to NB3 are with new design stirrups. All of the same dimension
700 mm length, 150 mm width and 150 mm depth. These beams were designed with 2 bars at bottom and 2 at
top with 8 mm diameter and shear reinforcement of 6 mm diameter at 100 mm c/c.
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Specification of Beam and Result of Flexural Strength
Reinforcement Detail
Beam Size
of Main Steel Shear Reinforcement Load
Beam
Top Bottom Steel & Spacing
Beam With Vertical 2 Leg Stirrups
B1 700 X 150 X 150 2 Bars of 8mm 2 Bars of 8mm 6 mm @ 100 mm c/c 24 KN
B2 700 X 150 X 150 2 Bars of 8mm 2 Bars of 8mm 6 mm @ 100 mm c/c 25 KN
B3 700 X 150 X 150 2 Bars of 8mm 2 Bars of 8mm 6 mm @ 100 mm c/c 24 KN
Beam With New Design Transverse Stirrups
NB1 700 X 150 X 150 2 Bars of 8mm 2 Bars of 8mm 6 mm @ 100 mm c/c 31 KN
NB2 700 X 150 X 150 2 Bars of 8mm 2 Bars of 8mm 6 mm @ 100 mm c/c 32 KN
NB3 700 X 150 X 150 2 Bars of 8mm 2 Bars of 8mm 6 mm @ 100 mm c/c 31 KN
Calculation of Flexural Strength
Beam series Size of beam Load Carried Flexural Strength (N/MM)
Beam With Vertical 2 Leg Stirrups
B1 700 X 150 X 150 24 KN 3.55
B2 700 X 150 X 150 25 KN 3.7
B3 700 X 150 X 150 24 KN 3.55
Beam With New Design Transverse Stirrups
NB1 700 X 150 X 150 31 KN 4.59
NB2 700 X 150 X 150 32 KN 4.74
NB3 700 X 150 X 150 31 KN 4.59
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LOAD CARRYING COMPARISON
35
Single Point Load in KN
32
31 31
30
25 25
24
Load (KN) 25
20
15
10
0
Beam 1 & NB1 Beam 2 & NB2 Beam 3 & NB3
Standard Beam New Design Beams
Flexural Strength Comparison
5
4.5
4
Flexural Strength (mpa)
3.5
2.5
1.5
0.5
Standard Beam New Design Beams Column4
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ConclusionPage 7 of 7 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oi[Link]
1. Effectiveness of Transverse Reinforcement: The presence of transverse reinforcement significantly enhances the shear
strength of RC beams. It helps to resist shear forces and improve the overall performance and load carrying capacity of the
beams.
2. Shear Crack Control: Transverse reinforcement effectively controls the formation and propagation of shear cracks in RC
beams. It helps to distribute the shear forces and prevents the formation of large, brittle cracks that can lead to failure.
3. Ductility and Energy Dissipation: The inclusion of transverse reinforcement promotes ductility in RC beams subjected to
shear forces. This ductility allows the beams to undergo larger deformations before failure, improving their energy dissipation
capacity.
4. Shear Capacity Prediction: The experimental study provides valuable data for predicting the shear capacity of RC beams
with transverse reinforcement. These data can be used to develop analytical models and design guidelines that accurately
estimate the shear strength of such beams in practical applications.
5. Optimum Transverse Reinforcement: The study helps in determining the optimum amount and configuration of transverse
reinforcement required for RC beams to achieve the desired shear strength. This information can guide designers and engineers
in optimizing the reinforcement design for specific structural requirements.
6. Load Redistribution: Transverse reinforcement facilitates the redistribution of shear forces within RC beams. It helps in
redistributing the loads from the heavily stressed regions to adjacent areas, thus increasing the overall load-carrying capacity
of the beams.
7. Structural Safety: The use of transverse reinforcement significantly enhances the structural safety of RC beams, particularly
in regions prone to high shear forces. It improves the structural integrity and reduces the risk of shear-related failures.
References
1. M. Zakaria, T. Udea, Z. Wu, L. Meng, “Experimental Investigation on Shear Cracking Behavior in Reinforced Concrete Beams
with Shear Reinforcement” Feb 2009, Vol. 7.
2. N. Subramanian, “Alternate Transverse Reinforcement in Beams” Dec 2012.
3. A. Najmi, A. Lebdeh, “The Use of Swimmer Bars as Shear Reinforcement in Reinforced Concrete Beam” Jan 2013.
4. R. Vollum, L. Fang, “Shear enhancement near supports in RC beams” Dec 2014.
5. P. Colajanni, L. Mendola, G. Mancini, A. Recupero, N. Spinella, “Shear Capacity in Concrete Beams Reinforced by Stirrups
with Two Different Inclinations” Aug 2014.
6. Z. Aljazaeri, J. Myers, “Strengthening of Reinforced-Concrete Beams in Shear with a Fabric-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix”
Oct 2017.
7. S. Javidmehr, “Shear Capacity of Concrete Members under Monotonic and Cyclic Loading” Aug 2019.
8. H. Naderpour, M. Mirrashid, “Shear Strength Prediction of RC Beams using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System” 2020.
9. X. Yang, N. Liang, H. Yang, R. Feng, “An Experimental Study of Shear Resistance for Multisize Polypropylene Fiber Concrete
Beams” 2021.
10. F. Autrup, H. Joergensen, “Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Stirrup Spacing on the Shear Capacity of Reinforced
Concrete Beams” Sep 2022.
IS Codes Used
1. IS 516 – 1959 for Flexural Strength of Concrete
2. IS 456 – 2000 for Reinforced Concrete Beams
3. IS 10262 – 2009 for Concrete Making
4. IS 4990 for Specification for Plywood Formwork for Concrete
5. IS 456 for Removal of Formwork
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